Mainfeatures
(1)IntegrationItcanobtain,store,organizeandsynthesizeinformationuniformlythroughmultiplechannels.
Picture(1picture)
Wordprocessing:Notepad,WordPad,Word,WPS
Graphicsandimageprocessing:PhotoShop,CorelDraw,Freehand
Animationproduction:AutoDeskAnimatorPro,3DSMAX,Maya,Flash
Soundprocessing:UleadMediaStudio,SoundForge,CoolEdit,WaveEdit
Videoprocessing:UleadMediaStudio,AdobePremiere
(2)Creationtools
Programminglanguages:VisualBasic,VisualC++,Delphi
MultimediawritingSystem:Authorware,Director,ToolBook,Flash
(3)Multimediacomputerteachingsoftware
Avarietyofteachingcoursewarethatcanbeusedforclassroomteaching,tutoring,anddemonstration
Structuraldesign
2.1Thedevelopmentprocessofmultimediacourseware
1.Thecompositionofthemultimediacoursewaredevelopmentteam
(1)Projectleader
(2)Subjectteachingexpert
(3)Teachingdesignexpert
(4)Softwareengineer(systemstructuredesign)expert
(5)Multimediamaterialproductionexpert
(6)Multimediacoursewareproductionexpert
2.Basicprocessofmultimediacoursewaredevelopment
(1)Projectdefinitionselectionofteachingcontent,coursewareDesignfeasibilityanalysis,coursewaredemandanalysis(necessity)
(2)Teachingdesignfocusesontherequirementsofteachingobjectives,reasonablyselectsanddesignsmedia,andadoptsappropriateteachingmodelsandteachingstrategies.
(3)StructuredesignArrangethedisplaymodeofthecatalogtheme,establishthehierarchicalstructureandbrowsingorderbetweentheinformation,anddeterminethecross-jumprelationshipbetweentheinformation.
(4)Preparationandproductionofmultimediamaterials
(5)Editingandsynthesisofcourseware
(6)Trialandtestingofcourseware
(7)Evaluation
(8)Formationofcoursewareproducts
2.2HypertextHypermediastructure
HypertextisakindofnodeAndanetworkofchains.Nodes,chains,andnetworksarethethreebasicelementsthatdefinethestructureofhypertext.
1.Nodes
Itisthebasicunitofstoringinformation,alsoknownasinformationblock.Eachnodeexpressesaspecifictopic,anditssizedependsonactualneeds.Therearenostrictrestrictionsonwriting.
(1)Textnodescanbeusedtoexpressideas,explainconcepts,describephenomena,etc.
(2)Graphicnodesaresuitableforexpressingtheshapeandstructureofthings.
(3)Auditorynodes
(4)Audiovisualnodes
(5)Programnodesareusuallyrepresentedby"buttons",enterthisAfterthenode,thecorrespondingprogramwillbestartedtocompletethespecificoperation.
Second,thelink(Link)
Thelinkrepresentstheconnectionofinformationbetweendifferentnodes.Itisfromanodetoothernodes,orfromothernodestothenode.Becausetheconnectionbetweeninformationisever-changingandcolorful,thechainisalsocomplexanddiverse,includingone-waychain(→),two-waychain(←→)andsoon.Thestrengthofthefunctionofthechaindirectlyaffectstheexpressivenessofthenode,andalsoaffectsthestructureoftheinformationnetworkandtheabilityofnavigation.Onlywhenthereisachaininhypertextcantherebenonlinearity;onlywhenthereisachain,userscanfindrelevantinformation"along"thechain.Inmultimediacourseware,thechainishiddenbehindtheinformationandrecordedinthesystem.Wecan'tseetheone-wayortwo-waylines,butwhenwemovefromonenodetoanother,wewillfeeltheexistenceofthechain.
Thebasiccombinationsofchainsareasfollows:
(1)Alinearbrowsingpath
(2)Treestructure
(3)Alooplessnetwork
(4)Blockconnection
(5)Anyconnection
3.Network
Theinformationnetworkofhypertextisadirectedgraphstructure,whichissimilartotheassociativememorystructureofthehumanbrain.Itusesanon-linearnetworkstructuretoorganizeblockinformation.Theconnectionofinformationinthehypertextnetworkreflectstheteachingintentionsandstrategiesofthecoursewarecreators.Thehypertextnetworkstructurenotonlyprovidesknowledgeandinformation,butalsoincludestheauthor'sanalysis,reasoningandintegrationofinformation.
Iftherearenotonlytextsinthenodesinthenetwork,butalsographics,animations,soundsandtheircombinationsandotherinformation,thatis,hypertexttechnologyisusedtomanagemultimediainformation,thiskindofsystemiscalledHypermedia.
Basicstructure
Intraditionalteaching,theorganizationalstructureofteachinginformationsuchastextbooks,audioandvideoislinear,whichobjectivelylimitstheabilityofhumanstofreelyassociate.Thehypertexttechnologyovercomesthisshortcoming,andtheinformationstructureinthemultimediacoursewareadoptsthisnonlinearhypertextmethod.
Accordingtotheconnectionrelationshipbetweenthenodesandchainsinthemultimediacourseware,wecanconcludethatthereareseveralwaystoorganizetheteachingcontentstructureinthemultimediacourseware:linearstructure,treestructure,networkstructure,andmixedstructure.
2.4Structuraldesign
Thestructuraldesignofmultimediacoursewaremainlyincludesthefollowingaspects:nodedesign,chaindesign,andtheresultingnetworkandlearningpathdesign.
1.Nodedesign
Therootnodeisthefirstnodethatlearnersencounterwhentheyenterthesystemtolearn,anditisalsothecentralnodethatanyothernodecanreturn.Therefore,therootnodeDesignisveryimportant.Thecommonlyuseddesignmethodsoftherootnodeare:
(1)OverviewTherootnodeisanoverviewoftheentirecontent,anditisconnectedwithallthemainconceptsintheknowledgebase.
(2)FromtoptobottomUsingtheanalytichierarchyprocess,therootnodeisthemainessentialconceptatthetop.
(3)MenuTherootnodeisalistorcontenttableofthemainconceptsintheknowledgebase.
(4)TutoringTherootnodeisademonstrationofenteringthechannelofothernodes.
Second,thedesignofthechain
Thedesignofthechainmainlyinvolveshowthenodesareconnectedandhowtheyarerepresented.
Chainsaredividedintothreetypes:
Linearchainsreflecttheorder,positionandotherrelationsbetweennodes.
Thetree-shapedchainreflectsthehierarchical,attribution,andanalogyrelationshipsamongnodes,andreflectsthesemanticandlogicalconnectionofnodecontent.
Meshchain,thatis,anynodecanestablishaconnection,suchasbackground,index,illustration,keypoint,referencematerial,etc.,reflectingtheassociationofcreators.Theproportionofvarioustypesofchainsinahypermediasystemdependsondomainknowledge,systempurposeandlearningcharacteristics.
3.Networkandlearningpathdesign
Theorganizationofnodesandchainsisdifferent,resultingindifferentnetworkstructuresofhypermediasystems:hierarchical,detailed,anddialogue.
Commonlearningpathmodesare:sequential,circular,branch,index,andmesh.
Interfacedesign
First,thebasicconceptofhuman-computerinteractioninterface
Thedesignofhuman-computerinteractioninterfacemainlysolvestheuseranalysis,Taskanalysis,interactivemethodsandcorrespondingcoursewaredevelopmentprocessandotherissues.
Second,thedesignprincipleoffriendlyhuman-computerinteractioninterface
(1)Determinetheuseobject
(2)Usercontrollability
(3)Directness
(4)Agility
(5)Consistency
(6)Feedback
(7)Clarity
(8)Aesthetics
(9)Tolerance
(10)Easeofuse
(11)Symbolic
3.Interfacedesign
(1)Thewindowgenerallyconsistsofthefollowingparts:titlebar,menubar,flowbar(horizontal,vertical),statusbarandControlbar.Microsoft'sWindowsoperatingsystemcanbecalledamodelofwindowtechnology.
(2)MenuCommonmenusinclude:barmenu,pop-upmenu,drop-downmenu,iconmenu,etc.Theuser'soperationofthemenuismainlyrealizedbyclickingthemouse,supplementedbythekeyboardortouchscreen.
(3)IconIconisacommonlyusedgraphicalinterfaceobject.Itisasmalltypewithsimplegraphicalsymbols.Itsdesignisbasedontheideaofmetaphorandsimulation.Iconscanhelpuserseasilycallfunctionsthroughtheinterface.
(4)ButtonsCommonbuttontypesinclude:Windowsstylebuttons,flashingbuttons,animatedgraphicbuttons,Hotspotbuttons,textbuttons,graphicbuttons,etc.
(5)Thedialogboxisapop-upwindow.Whenthecoursewareisrunning,inadditiontovariousoptionsandkeyoperations,thesystemcanalsoprovideadialogboxwhenneededtoallowuserstoinputmoredetailedInformationandinteractwithusersthroughdialogboxes.Itisalsooneoftheinterfacetechnologiesthatfullyreflectsthecharacteristicsofmultimediahuman-computerinteraction.
Four.ScreenDesign
(1)Cover(Title)Screen
Thefrontpageofthecoursewareisthecover,andstudentsshouldbeclearthatthisisthebeginningofacourse.Thecoverscreengenerallyincludes:coursename,coursewareauthor,productiontime,copyright,etc.
(2)Themaininterfacescreen
Thecoursewareisusedtoprovidelearnerswiththechoiceofteachingcontentthroughthemaininterface,similartothecatalogofourbooks.
(3)Teachingscreen
Theteachingscreenisthescreenpictureofmultimediacoursewaretocarryoutteachingactivities,anditisalsothefocusofcoursewaredesign.
Fifth,thedesignmethodoffriendlyhuman-computerinteractioninterface
(1)Thedesignofdisplaycolorshouldcorrectlychoosethecolortone,andpayattentiontocontrast,unityandharmony
(2)Transitioneffectssuchasfade-in,fade-out,superimposition,split,blinds,mosaic,etc.shouldbeproperlyusedforthetransitionbetweenpicturesandthetransitionbetweenanimatedpictures.
(3)SoundprocessingandcommentarySoundprocessingoftenusesasamplingfrequencyof44.1kHzor22.05kHz,sothatsatisfactoryresultscanbeobtained.Thecommentaryrequiresthateverysentenceandeverywordshouldbecloselyintegratedwiththepicturetoaccuratelyexpressthecontent.Wordsshouldbelively,simple,conciseandclearinpronunciation.Thecommentaryshouldnotexceedthreewordspersecond.
2.6Navigationdesignofmultimediacourseware
1.Gettinglost
Whenlearnersusemultimediacourseware,theycan’tfindthecorrespondingnode,whichiscalledgetlost.Commonlylostare:globallost,locallost,historicallost.
Second,navigationdesign
Inordertopreventlearnersfromgettinglostwhenroaminginthemultimediacourseware,navigationdesignmustbecarriedoutwhendesigningthemultimediacourseware.Thecommonnavigationmethodsinmultimediacoursewareareasfollows:hierarchicalnavigation,jump,map,back,historylist,bookmark,search,onlinehelp.
3.Navigationinterface
Thecommonnavigationinterfacetechnologiesareasfollows:menus,buttons,fontsandcolors,images,anddynamicexpressions.
2.7Descriptionofmultimediacoursewarestructuredesign-scriptwriting
Aftercompletingthestructureanalysisofmultimediacourseware,effectivemethodsmustbetakentodescribetheresultsofthestructuredesignstage,Sothatthemultimediacoursewareproductionstaffcanunderstandtheintentionofthestructuraldesigner,soastodesignthemultimediacoursewarethatmeetstherequirements.Thetoolfordescribingtheresultsofthemultimediacoursewaredesignstageisthescript,andtheproductionofscriptsisthedirectbasisformultimediadeveloperstomakemultimediacourseware.
1.Thedesignoftheopeningandendingcredits
Theopeningmainlyexplainsthename,author,copyright,etc.ofthemultimediacourseware.Theendofthefilmmainlyexplainstheunitorpersonnelwhomadethemultimediacoursewareandprovidedthematerials,andtheacknowledgment.Generally,variousmethodssuchasgraphics,animation,andsoundareusedtoenhancetheartisticatmosphereandappealofthecourseware.
Second,themaininterfacedesign
Themaininterfaceisgenerallythefirstscreenforteaching.Itusuallyusesmenus,icons,hotzones,etc.toprovidechoicesaboutlearningcontent.ItItisthegeneralnavigationofmultimediacourseware.
3.Teachingscreendesign
Theteachingscreenisthemainplaceformultimediacoursewaretocompleteteachingtasks.Inthemultimediacourseware,exceptforthecover,credits,andmaininterface,therestofthescreensareforteachingScreen.Theteachingscreenreflectsacertaineducationalthought,teachingprocessandteachingstrategy,andreflectsthelogicalrelationshipofvariousknowledgepoints.
Multimediaisacombinationofcomputerandvideotechnology.Infact,itistwomedia;soundandimage,orinterms:audioandtelevision.Multimediaitselfhastwoaspects.Likeallmoderntechnologies,itiscomposedofhardwareandsoftware,oramixtureofmachinesandideas.Themultimediatechnologyandfunctionscanbeconceptuallydividedintocontrolsystemsandinformation.Therealizationofmultimediaisbasedondigitaltechnology.Multimediarepresentstheconvergenceofdigitalcontrolanddigitalmedia.Computersaredigitalcontrolsystems,anddigitalmediaisthemostadvancedformofstorageanddisseminationofaudioandvideotoday.Infact,somepeoplesimplythinkthatmultimediaisacombinationofcomputerandTV.Thecomputer'sabilitytoprocessTVandsounddatastreamsinrealtime,andthenmultimediawasborn.Multimediacomputersneedtohavestrongercapabilitiesthanmainstreamcomputers.Multimediacomputersdeterminethedevelopmentofmainstreamcomputers.ThemaindifferencebetweenordinarycomputersandmultimediacomputersisthesoundcardandCD-ROMdrive.Theopticaldiscisthemainstorageandexchangemediumformultimedia.WithoutthisconvenientCD,thecomputerindustrycannotsellhundredsofmegabytesofaudio,visual,andtextdatathatmakeupmultimediaprograms,andyoucannotbuymultimedia.
Cananswerwhatmultimediais.Itisnotjustonething,butacomplexcombinationofmanythings:hardware,software,andtheinterfacewhenthetwomeet.No,wehaveforgottenoneofthemostimportantthings.Multimediaalsoincludesyou.Well,yes!Formultimedia,youarenolongerapassiveaudience,youcancontrol,youcaninteract,andyoucanmakeitdowhatyouneed.Inareport,youcandirectlyaccessimportantdataregardlessoftheuselessthings,andcollectandcompilereportsandpicturesfromallovertheworldthatyouareinterestedin.Thisisthepowerofmultimediaandthedifferencebetweenitandtraditionalmedia(suchasbooksandtelevision).
Whatcanmultimediado?Itdisplaysinformation,exchangesideasandexpressesemotions.Itallowsyoutosee,hearandunderstandotherpeople'sthoughts.Inotherwords,itisawayofcommunication.Sounds,images,graphics,texts,etc.areunderstoodasinformation-carryingmediaandcalledmultimediaisactuallynotaccurate,becauseitiseasytocommunicatewiththosematerialmediathatcarryinformation(alsocalledmedia),suchaselectromagneticwaves,light,Airwaves,electriccurrents,magneticmedia,etc.areconfused.However,thetermmultimediahasalmostbecomesynonymouswithtext,graphics,images,andsound.Inotherwords,mostpeoplethinkthatmultimediaisacombinationofsound,images,andgraphics,sothisisalwaysusedingeneralarticles.Inaccuratewords.Thepopularconceptofmultimediastillmainlyreferstothevarioustypesofinformationthataredirectlyfeltandunderstoodbyhumanorganssuchastext,graphics,images,andsound.Thishasbecomeanarrowerunderstandingofmultimedia.
Inthefieldofcomputersandcommunications,thetext,graphics,sounds,images,andanimationsofinformationwerefertocanallbecalledmedia.Fromtheperspectiveofcomputerandcommunicationequipmentprocessinginformation,wecancombinetheoriginalinformationofnatureandhumansociety---data,text,soundlanguage,sound,painting,animation,image(staticphotosanddynamicmovies).,TVandvideo),etc.,boildowntothethreemostbasicmedia:sound,graphics,andtext.Traditionalcomputerscanonlyprocesssinglemedia---"text".TVcantransmitintegratedinformationofsound,picture,andtext,butitisnotamultimediasystem.ThroughTV,wecanonlypassivelyreceiveinformationinonedirection,andcannotprocessinformationinbothdirectionsandactively.Thereisnoso-calledinteractivity.Althoughthevideophoneisinteractive,wecanonlyhearthesoundandseetheimageofthetalker,notmultimedia.Theso-calledmultimediareferstothetechnologythatcancollect,process,edit,storeanddisplaytwoormoredifferenttypesofinformationmediaatthesametime.Theseinformationmediaincludetext,sound,graphics,images,animation,andmovingimages.
Indailylife,therearemanythingscalledmedia.Forexample,beesaremediathatspreadpollen,andfliesaremediathatspreadgerms.Buttobeprecise,theseso-called"media"arecommunicationmedia,notthe"media"inmultimediaaswecallit,becausethesecommunicationmediaareallmaterialentities,andwords,sounds,images,graphics,etc.Theyarenotphysicalentities,theyarejustthesurfacefeaturesofcertainattributesofobjectivethings,andtheyareawayofrepresentinginformation.Whatwecall"media"inthefieldofcomputersandcommunicationsisthecarrierofinformationstorage,dissemination,andperformance,notageneralmediumandmedium.
Conceptually,the"media"inmultimediashouldrefertoaformofexpressingcertaininformationcontent.Similarly,wecanknowthatthemultimediawearereferringtoshouldbeavarietyofinformation.Thewayofexpressionmaybeavarietyofinformationtypes.Naturally,wecanusetheconceptofmultimediainformationtorepresentacomprehensiveinformationtypethatcontainsdifferenttypesofinformationsuchastextinformation,graphicinformation,imageinformation,andsoundinformation.
Inshort,becausethemostessentialconceptofinformationisthesurfacecharacteristicsoftheattributesofobjectivethings,anditsexpressionsarediverse,therefore,amoreaccurateandcomprehensivedefinitionofmultimediashouldrefertomultipletypesofinformation.Thesynthesis.
Thesemediacanbeinformationrepresentationformssuchasgraphics,images,sounds,text,video,animation,etc.,ordisplaydevicessuchasdisplays,speakers,televisions,etc.,andopticalfibers,cables,andelectromagneticwavesthattransmitinformation.Suchintermediarymediacanalsobestorageentitiessuchasmagneticdisks,opticaldisks,andtapesthatstoreinformation.