Basicmeaning
Decision-makingisakindofbehaviorthatpeoplegenerallyexistinpolitics,economy,technologyanddailylife;decision-makingisanactivitythatoftenoccursinmanagement;decision-makingisdeterminedMeaning,itistoachieveaspecificgoal,basedonobjectivepossibilities,onthebasisofcertaininformationandexperience,withthehelpofcertaintools,skillsandmethods,toanalyze,calculateandjudgethefactorsthataffecttherealizationofthegoal.Afterwards,makeadecisiononfutureactions.
Fromapsychologicalpointofview,decision-makingistheproductofthecombinationofpeople'sthinkingprocessandwill-actionprocess.Withouttheparticipationofthesetwopsychologicalprocesses,noonecanmakeadecision.Therefore,decision-makingisnotonlyaprocessofpeople'smentalactivity,butalsoaplanofactionforpeople.
BasicPrinciples
1.Theprincipleofgap,urgencyand"competence"(usedwhendeterminingthedecision-makinggoal)
2.Principleofaiminganddifference(preparationAlternativesaretheprinciplesthatneedtobeused)
3,"twobest",prognosisandtimingprinciples(theselectionofoptionsistouse)
4,trackingandfeedbackprinciples(indecision-makingUsedintheimplementationprocess)
5.Externalbrainandeconomicprinciples(mustbeusedinthewholeprocessofdecision-making)
6.Systemprinciples.
7.Informationprinciples.
8.Theprincipleoffeasibility.
9.Theprincipleofsatisfaction.
Features
1.Scientificdecision-makingisthecoreofmodernmanagement,anddecision-makingrunsthroughtheentiremanagementactivities.
2.Decision-makingisthekeytothesuccessorfailureofmanagement.Decision-makingisanessentialstepbeforeanypurposefulactivityoccurs.Decisionsatdifferentlevelshavedifferentimpacts.
3.Scientificdecision-makingisthemainresponsibilityofmodernmanagers
4.Thescaleofdecision-makingsystemisexpanded
5.Thefrequencyofdecision-makingactivitiesisaccelerated
6.Theamountofinformationcontainedindecision-makingactivitieshassoared
7.Thecompositionofdecision-makingsubjectsischanging
Process
Generaldecision-makingprocessesinclude:
p>(1)Problemidentification,thatis,torecognizetheentireprocessoftheincident,toestablishtheproblem,andtoproposeadecision-makinggoal.
(2)Problemdiagnosis,thatis,tostudygeneralprinciples,analyzeandformulatevariouspossibleactionplans,predictpossibleproblemsandproposecountermeasures.
(3)Actionselection,thatis,toselectthebestplanfromvariousplansandestablishacorrespondingfeedbacksystem.
Classification
1.Accordingtothescopeofdecision-making,itisdividedintostrategicdecision-making,tacticaldecision-makingandbusinessdecision-making;
2.Accordingtothenatureofdecision-making,itisdividedintoproceduraldecision-makingandnon-Programmaticdecision-making;
3.Accordingtothedecision-makingsubject,itisdividedintoindividualdecision-makingandgroupdecision-making;
4.Accordingtothecontrollabilityofthedecision-makingproblem,itisdividedintodeterministicdecision-makinganduncertaindecision-makingAndriskydecision-making.
Cognitivepsychologydividesdecision-makingintosixstages:(1)Identifytheproblem(2)Collectinformation(3)Proposepossiblesolutions(4)Evaluatealternatives(5)Chooseoptions(6)Putitintopractice.Researchhasshownthatthewaythequestionisworded,orthespecificdescriptionoftheoptionswillhaveagreatinfluenceondecision-making.
Decision-makingproblems
Decision-makingproblemsareusuallyclassifiedintothreetypes:deterministic,non-deterministic,andrisky.
Duetothedifferentnatureofdecision-makingproblems,thedifferencesbetweengroupdecision-makingandindividualdecision-makingandthepersonalstyleofdecision-makers,thetimeandmethodofdecision-makingarealsodifferent.Decisiontheorycanbedividedintotwotypes:traditionalandmodern.Traditionaldecision-makingtheoryistofollowtheprincipleofoptimizationwhenmakingdecisionstochoosetheimplementationplan.Thecoreofmoderndecisiontheoryistheprincipleofsatisfaction.
Capabilitycomposition
(1)Openrefiningcapabilities.
(2)Accurateforecastingability.
(3)Accuratedecision-makingability.
Influencingfactors
Environmentalfactors
Organization’sownfactors
Thenatureofthedecision-makingproblem
Thefactorsofthedecision-makingsubject