Development History
On May 2, 2014, the State Council issued the "State Council's decision to accelerate the development of modern vocational education" (Guofa [2014] No. 19) proposed to speed up the construction of modern occupation Education system, innovation and development of higher vocational education, specialist higher vocational colleges must close production and research cooperation, cultivate technical skills, key service enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and strengthen community education and lifetime learning service. Explore the development of undergraduate level vocational education. Establishing professional demand-oriented, focusing on practical ability, in a professional degree, graduate student training model, which combines the use. Studying a degree system that meets the characteristics of vocational education. In principle, the secondary vocational school does not upgrade or incorporate higher vocational colleges, and specialist higher vocational colleges do not upgrade to or incorporate undergraduate colleges, form a clear positioning, scientific and reasonable professional education hierarchy.
In January 2019, the State Council issued the "National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan", encouraged universities to cultivate the application skills with "craftsman spirit". According to the program, vocational education and general education are two different types of education, with equivalent important position.
In June 2019, the Ministry of Education officially approved the first batch of 15 undergraduate vocational education pilot colleges and universities, they were officially renamed "Vocational University", which was officially renamed "Vocational University", and it is an undergraduate institution.
June 22, 2020, the Ministry of Education officially approved the second batch of 6 undergraduate vocational education pilot universities renamed results, they were officially renamed "Vocational College" officially renamed "Vocational University", carrying out an undergraduate level Education pilot.
2020, specialist hierarchy of vocational education reached 1.4.8 million at school, and students who received a major hierarchy of the undergraduate level reached a certain scale.
2021, 5 independent colleges or colleges and universities with higher vocational colleges and colleges and universities were used as a professional undergraduate school.
Education Level
my country's higher vocational education has formed a relatively complete system covering the four levels of college, undergraduate, master's degree.
Specialist hierarchy mainly develops high-skilled talents.
Undergraduate level is mainly divided into application type undergraduate and teacher-type undergraduate, application undergraduate education pays attention to strengthening practical teaching links, teachers 'undergraduate focus on strengthening students' "double-shaped" capacity building.
Master's degree, a master's degree in master's degree, a master's degree in master's degree and a full-time vocational and technical education, should clearly develop its own training objectives, adopting flexible education teaching mode, increase Practical teaching link.
Ph.D., Ph.D., Ph.D. in professional technologies, should focus on the actual problems in this area, focusing on the emergence of degree applicants, to motivate innovative results.
College list
Undergraduate Specialist
General line
1 to do management of undergraduate professional education professional, according to " The Education Law of the People's Republic of China, "Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China" The Subribration Regulations of the People's Republic of China "" The Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China "and" National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan "have formulated these Measures.
Article 2 Undergraduate Level Vocational Education Specialization should firmly establish a new development concept, adhere to the demand orientation, service development, compliance with the new round of scientific and technological revolutions and industrial change, active service industry base high-levelization, industrial chain modernization , Service construction modern economic system and achieve higher quality and more fully employment needs, follow vocational education laws and talent growth laws, adapt to the needs of students' comprehensive and sustainable development.
Article 3 Undergraduate Professional Education Professional Settings should reflect the characteristics of vocational education, adhere to high-level technical skills to cultivate positioning, system design, promote secondary vocational education, professional level vocational education, undergraduate level vocational education Longitudinal penetration, organically adopting, promoting governance fusion.
Article 4 of the Ministry of Education is responsible for the management and guidance of the professional education of the national undergraduate level, adheres to the pilot first, in accordance with higher standards, strict procedural procedures, and actively moved.
Article 5 Provincial Education Administration shall do a good job in the construction planning, optimized resource allocation and professional structure in the undergraduate level of college degree in the administrative region in accordance with relevant regulations of the Ministry of Education.
Article 6 The Ministry of Education has developed and issued an undergraduate level of vocational education professional catalog, daily dynamic supplementation, five years adjustment. Universities set up a professional in the professional catalog in accordance with relevant regulations.
Article 7 Undergraduate Level Vocational Education Professional Catalogs are important for setting up and adjusting undergraduate levels, implementing talents, organizing enrollment, granting degree, guiding employment, carrying out education statistics and talent demand forecasting, etc. According to the student choice, the important reference of the graduates in the selection of undergraduate levels.
Professional setting Conditions and requirements
Article 8 Institutional level of professional education should closely around the national and regional economic and social industries development key fields, service industries, new technologies, new models , Docking new careers, focusing on related majors in the cultivation of long-term system. In principle, the conditions and requirements specified in Articles 9 to 14 should be met.
Article 9 Set Undergraduate Level Vocational Education Major needs to have a detailed professional setting of feasibility report. Feasibility reports include research and analysis of industry enterprises, analyzes their own basic and professional characteristics, demonstration of training targets and training specifications, and to open the planning and related systems of sustainable development of this major. Undergraduate hierarchy of the proposed undergraduate level needs to be fitted with school-running characteristics, the professional should be a provincial and above key points (characteristics).
Article 10 to set up undergraduate levels of vocational education must have the technical team necessary to complete professional personnel training, and specific conditions should be provided with the following conditions:
(1) The teachers and students of the whole school are not low At 1:18; the ratio of professional professional teachers and the majority of the professional is not less than 1:20, and the proportion of senior professional teacher is not less than 30%, and the proportion of graduate degree auction teachers is not less than 50%. The proportion of doctoral degree destacters is not less than 15%.
(2) Among the professional teachers of this major, the "double-type" teacher accounts for no less than 50%. Part--time teachers from the industry from the industry, accounting for a certain proportion and has a substantive professional teaching task, and the professional class teaching task is generally not less than 20% of the professional class hours.
(3) High-level teacher teaching (scientific research) innovation team, or the provincial and above teaching teachers, high-level talents, including provincial and above education administrative departments, or high-level talents as professional leaders, or professional teachers Two provincial and above teaching areas have two or more.
Article 11 Set up undergraduate level of vocational education needs to have a scientific norms of professional talents, which should be equipped with the following conditions:
(1) The training program should be developed It is necessary to follow the level of technical skills, highlighting the high level of knowledge and skills, so that graduates can engage in scientific and technological achievements, experimental results transformation, production and processing medium and high-end products, providing high-end services, can solve more complex problems and complicated operations .
(2) Practical teaching class accounts for no less than 50%, and the experimental training project (task) is 100%.
Article 12 Set Undergraduate Level Vocational Education Major needs to have a professional business, funds, school buildings, instrumentation, internships and other school conditions:
( I) Establish a stable cooperative relationship with quality enterprises such as education and teaching enterprises in the relevant fields. Actively explore the cultivation model such as modern apprentices, promote the interconnection of academic certificates and vocational skills grades.
(b) has stable, sustainable professional construction funds and grows yearly. Professional students teaching research instruments and equipment values are not less than 10,000 yuan.
(3) There is a stable, quantity training base to meet the needs of teachers and students' internship training (training).
Article 13 Setting Undergraduate Level Vocational Education needs to have a good work foundation in technology research and development and social services, specific should have the following conditions:
(1) province Level and above technical research and development promotion platform (engineering research center, collaborative innovation center, key laboratory or technical skills master studio, experimental training base, etc.).
(2) can be used for regional, industry enterprises to carry out scientific research, technology research and development, social services, and produce obvious economic and social benefits.
(3) Professional business and society to carry out professional training for vocational training a year of 2 times the number of students at the school.
Article 14 Setting Undergraduate Level Vocational Education needs to have a high cultivation quality and a good social reputation, the specific conditions should be provided:
(1) relying on professional The completion rate of the enrollment plan is generally not less than 90%, and the new report rate is generally not less than 85%.
(b) Relying on the professional graduate employment rate is not less than the average level of colleges and universities in the province.
Professional setup program
Article 15 Professional settings and adjustments, centrally centralized through a specialized information platform.
Article 16 Colleges and universities set up undergraduate levels of vocational education should be based on professional catalogs, in line with the basic conditions of professional settings, and follow the following basic procedures:
(1) to carry out industry , Business, employment market research, doing talent demand analysis and forecasting.
(2) On the basis of fully considering the development needs of regional industries, combined with the actual development of schools, specializing in the professional settings and feasibility demonstrations. Eligible Higher Vocational School (Specialist) Setting Undergraduate Level Occupational Education No more than 30% of the total number of school majors, the total number of students in the undergraduate level does not exceed 30% of the total number of school students.
(3) According to relevant national regulations, relevant demonstration materials, including the basic situation of schools, and professionalism, planning, talent training programs, professional school conditions, related teaching documents, etc.
(4) Professional Setting Argumentation Materials After the publicity of the school, the provincial education administrative department is reported.
(5) Provincial education administrative departments in the context of eligible universities, the provisions of the provisional arguments are proposed, and the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education announced the results.
Professional setting guidance and supervision
Article 17 The Ministry of Education is responsible for coordinating the national industry authorities, industry organization regularly publish industry talent needs and professional setting guidance recommendations, responsible for establishing sound Professional Settings of appraisal expert organizations and strengthen the macro management of the professional education of undergraduate levels.
Article 18 Provincial Education Administration, through the planning planning, information service, expert guidance and other measures, guiding regional college settings in the region.
College regularly conducts self-assessment of professional settings, and the results are included in the quality annual report in colleges and universities.
Article 19 The education administrative department shall establish a sound warning and dynamic adjustment mechanism for professional settings, evaluate the enrollment, school, employment, and the blood input and other conditions as an optimized professional layout, adjust the professional structure. Basic basis.
Article 20 Education administrative departments to organize stage evaluation and periodic assessment monitoring of undergraduate hierarchy, and have a serious insufficient schooling in colleges and universities, and the teaching quality is low, the employment rate is too low. The professional enrollment plan should be adjusted until the enrollment is stopped. For 3 consecutive years, it is not enrolled in principle, it should be revoked in time.
Measures
Recently, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued a "undergraduate level of vocational education professional setting management method (trial)" (hereinafter referred to as "Measures"), it is implemented The Party's 19th National Plenary Session of "Enhancing Vocational and Technical Education Adaptability", implementing the "National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan" and "Vocational Education Life Program (2020-2023)" content. The "Measures" is the first special document promoted by the development of the undergraduate level, and is an important phase of the study and development of undergraduate level. It advances the substantial hierarchical professional education into a big step, will have to ensure that the undergraduate level of vocational education pilot is stable and far.
1. Develop relevant laws and regulations based on vocational education and higher education
as policy documents in the intersection of higher education and vocational education, the issuance of "Measures" is important. It provides a basis for regulating the exploration development of undergraduate level of vocational education, but also provides assistance to adjust the structure of higher education.
Undergraduate Level Professional Education is in the intersection of higher education and vocational education, a collection of collections in two areas. To this end, the legal basis for the "Measures" has mainly "Vocational Education Law" and "Higher Education Law". Undergraduate level, vocational education involves a bachelor's degree, so the regulations established by the "Measures" are based on "Disposition Ordinance" and "Interim implementation of the degree regulations". In addition, the formulation of "Measures" directly refers to the "Regular Higher Education Institute of Higher Vocational Education (Specialist)" "Regulations on the Management of Undergraduate Professionals in Colleges and Universities" "Degree Grants and Talent Cultivation Discipline Directory Settings and Management" and " Secondary vocational schools professional setting management measures (trial) "and so on.
II highlights the characteristics of vocational education, but also takes into account the requirements of undergraduate education.
Undergraduate level of vocational education is an unknown image, "Measures" based on the type characteristics of vocational education It takes into account the level of undergraduate education, which depicts the picture of the undergraduate level of vocational education. In highlighting the type characteristics of vocational education, it is exhibited from three aspects of education integration, practical teaching, and teacher quality requirements.
In the blend of education, it emphasizes the importance of enterprises participating in talents. Require professionals to develop program "School-enterprise joint", to establish a stable cooperative relationship with high-quality enterprises such as education integration enterprises in the relevant fields, and give full play to the main role of enterprises in talent training. Work closely with industry companies to actively explore cultural models such as modern apprenticeship, promote academic certificates and vocational skill level certificates. The necessity and feasibility demonstration of professional settings should fully consider regional industrial development needs, and the report is required to investigate research on industry enterprises and employment markets, grasp the actual situation of production services management, and do talent demand analysis and prediction. At the same time, we must deepen the cooperation of education and education through training and other social services. It is 2 times more than the number of vocational training for professional training for industrial enterprises and society. It will train the effective means and important means of deepening education and education. way.
In education, more emphasizes practice teaching