Tibetexcavations
TheBayeuxSutraisaBuddhistscripturewrittenontheleavesofBedoro(SanskritPattra)withastylus.TheBayeuxSutradiscoveredinXishuangbannaincludesPaliandDaitexts.InadditiontotheTheravadaBuddhistclassics,therearemanylegends,stories,poemsandhistoricalrecords.InSoutheastAsiancountries,therearealsoPaliscripturesspelledinBurmeseandThai.
ThegovernmentoftheTibetAutonomousRegionintroducedtheprotectionandresearchresultsoftheBayeuxSutra:After6years,60,000SanskritBayeuxscriptsweredetermined.ThevalueofthisbatchofBayeuxSutrascanberegardedasopeningthesecondDunhuangSutracave.TheBayeuxSutra,knownasthe"BuddhistPanda",originatedfromancientIndia.BeforethepapermakingtechnologywasintroducedtoIndia,IndiansusedBayeuxleavestowritethings.BuddhistsalsousedBayeuxtowriteBuddhistscripturesanddrawBuddhastatues.YeJing'snamecomesfromthis.
ThetotalnumberofexistingBayeuxsutrasintheworldisnomorethan1,000,whilethestockinTibetaccountsforabout60%to80%.Sofar,TibethaspreservedancientmanuscriptsoftheBayeuxscripturesinSanskrit,Tibetan,andPali,manyofwhichareisolated,rare,andrare.
TibetInstituteofBeiyeScripturesExploringthe"BuddhistPanda"
China’sfirstBeiyeScriptureResearchInstitutewasestablishedinLhasa,Tibet,specializingintheexcavation,rescueandsortingoftheBeiyeScripturesAndtranslation,soastograduallydecipherthe"BuddhistPanda"called"BuddhistPanda"writtenbymonksinSanskritforthousandsofyears.
ThestudyofBayeuxSutraisofgreatvalueforthestudyofBuddhism,Tibetology,Buddhisthistory,Buddhistpainting,ancientIndiancultureandthehistoryofSino-Indianculturalexchanges.
InordertostrengthentheprotectionandresearchoftheBayeuxSutra,since2006,ChinahaslaunchedthelargestsurveyofTibetanSanskritBayeuxSutrastodate,anditispreliminarilydeterminedthatTibethassofartreasuredtheSanskritBayeuxscriptures(includingsomePaper-basedSanskritandTibetantransliteration)withatotalofmorethan1,000letters(species)andnearly60,000leaves,formingthe"GeneralCatalogueoftheCollectedBayLeafSutraoftheTibetAutonomousRegion","ThePhotocopyingEncyclopediaoftheCollectedBayLeafSutraoftheTibetAutonomousRegion",and"TheCollectionofBayLeafSutraoftheTibetAutonomousRegion"TheConciseCatalogueoftheEncyclopediaofthePhotocopyoftheBookofLeaves,"OntheProtectionPlanandImplementationMeasuresoftheBayLeafBookoftheTibetAutonomousRegion,""TheMeasuresfortheProtectionandManagementoftheBayLeafBookoftheTibetAutonomousRegion",and"RecordsontheProtectionofBayLeafBookoftheTibetAutonomousRegion"andothermajorphasedachievements.
TheBayeuxSutrawasmainlywrittenbetweenthe8thand14thcenturies.DuetothedryclimateinTibet,coupledwithuniqueprotectionmethodsandstrongawarenessofprotection,theBayeuxSutrasfoundinTibetareverywellpreserved.good.However,theBayeuxSutraismainlywritteninSanskrit,andthereareonlyahandfulofpeopleintheworldwhoareproficientinSanskrit.ThestudyofBayeuxScripturecannotbedonewithmoderntools,andtranslationisalldonemanually,whichisanextremelydifficultproject.
Inheritanceandprotection
Extensiveinheritance:TheBayeuxScripturecoverstheoverallcontentofthetraditionalcultureoftheDaiandThaipeople.Itisnota"livingfossil"ofprehistoricremains,norisita"culturalrelic"ofarchaeologicalnature.Secularity,universalityanduniversalityareitsmostbasiccharacteristics.Itisa"nationaleducation"thatiscomprehensivelypassedonandinheritedbyfamilies,society,andtemplesacrosstheentirenation.Itisalmostahistoricalformof"nationaleducation."ItscoverageactuallyexceedsXishuangbanna,Dehong,andalltheDaiandZhuangethnicregionsinYunnan,andextendstotheentireSoutheastAsiaandSouthAsiansubcontinent.Almosthundredsofmillionsofpeoplearestillpassingonandusingthischange.
TheBedorotreeisshapedlikeapalmtree.Itiscalled"Golan"inXishuangbannaDailanguage.InthemindsoftheDaipeople,"GolanYe"(i.e.BayYe)isagodthatcarriesthehistoryandcultureoftheDaitothebrighter.Sinceancienttimes,allthehistoricaleventsandculturesofDaisocietyhavebeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogenerationbyrecordingpiecesofbayleaves.TheDaipeopleregardtheBayLeafScripturesasthepreciouswealthofthewholenationtoprotectthem.Historically,everyBuddhisttemplehadaTibetanscripturepavilion,whichwascalled"Lintan"inDailanguage.AlltheBayeuxscriptureswerekepthereandstrictlyguardedbyBuddhasandmonks.Withoutthepermissionofthetempleowner,nooneisallowedtoenterhereandtakeawaythescriptures.ThemanagementoftheBayeuxSutraisalsoverystrict.Inadditiontothesingscopiedoncottonpaper,commonsenseofproductionandlife,medicine,calendars,ethics,divination,andlegalbooks,etc.,canbekeptinthevillageforusebythevillagers,andallBuddhistscripturesandothercontentcanbekeptinthevillage.TheBayeuxSutraisnotallowedtobetakenoutoftheBuddhisttempleandhiddeninprivatehomes.Therefore,itisrarethattheBayeuxSutraislostinBuddhisttemples.
Twoforms
Form:Theleaf-likeformistherealBayeuxSutra,whichiscalled"Tanlan"inDailanguage.Itisengravedonspeciallymadeshellleaveswithironhairpinsmadebythefolk.Itsspecificationsarefour-line,five-element,six-elementandeight-elementperpage.TheDailanguageiscalled"lanopera"and""LanHa","LanHe","LanBie".Thepreviousthreetypesofbayleafscripturesarethemostcommon.
PaperformsrefertotheScripturesoncottonpaper,whicharecalled"Bogalasa"inDailanguage.Itiswrittenoncottonpaperwithafernpencutfromwildfernstemsanddippedinink.Therearetwospecifications,wide-facepagetypeandcontinuousfoldingtype,ofwhichthewide-facepagetypeisthemostcommon.
Oftheabovetwotypesofscriptures,theBayeuxscriptureshavethelargestnumber,followedbythepaper-basedscriptures.Theabovetwotypesofscriptures,duetotheirlargenumber,extensivecontent,andprofoundmeaning,areonlyknownas"BiemanOperaBankang"(84,000titles),andtheyhavebeenfamousintheannalsoftheDaipeoplethroughtheages.
Howtomake
Gettheleaves
Cutofftheleavesfromthebayleaftree,anduseasharpknifetoslicethebayleafOnepieceistrimmedneatly,andthreetofivepiecesarerolledintoarollandtied,andboiledinapot.Whencooking,addtamarindorlemontomaketheskinonthesurfaceofthebayleaffalloff.Itusuallytakeshalfadaytocookuntilthebayleafturnslightgreenandwhite,thentakeitoutofthepot,takeittotheriverandscrubitwithfinesand,thenflattenthebayleafanddryit,andputitawayforaperiodoftime.,Andthenorderedintoabox.
Boxmaking
TherearetwospecialwoodenboxesformakingBayeuxscriptureboxesasthestandard.Thewoodenboxisaboutoneandahalfsquarefeetlongandfourincheswide,andasmallholeisdrilledabouthalfasquarefootawayfrombothendsofthewoodenbox.Thedriedandflattenedbayleavesaretightlyclampedbetweentwopiecesofwood.Inthemiddleofthebox,thetwoendsaretiedtightlywithropes,andthenthebayleavesaredrilledthroughthesmallholesonbothsidesofthewoodenboxwithspecialnails.Afterordering,useaknifetogentlysmooththebayleafbox,anduseaspecialinklinebowtolightlyhittheinklineonthebayleafaccordingtotheengravingformat,andsaveitforlaterengraving.
Engraving
Inthebeginning,IusedasmallsharpknifetoengraveDaiscriptonthebayleafalongtheinkline.Later,Ifeltthatwritingwithaknifewasslowandlaborious,soIswitchedtowritingwithironhairpins.Aftertheengravingiscompleted,mixtheblacksmokefromthebottomofthepotwithvegetablefruitoil,applyittotheengravedshell,andwipeitwithadampcloth,andthewritingontheshellbecomesclear.Aftertheengravedscripturesareboundintoabook,alayeroffinemetalworkisappliedtothefoursidesofthebook,andthespecificationsareuniform.Becausethefoursidesofthescripturearecoatedwithalayerofcolorpaintandgoldpowder,itgivespeopleasuperb,simple,generousandbeautifulappearance.Thesenseof.Becauseitusesironhairpinstoengravethetextonthebayleafandpaintitwithpaint,notonlythewritingisclear,butitcan'tbeerasedorerased.Becausethebayleafisspeciallytreatedbyboilingandotherprocesses,itcanbeinsect-proof,waterproof,anti-deformation,anddurable.ThisiswhytheBayeuxSutracanbepreservedforhundredsofyearsandthousandsofyears.
BeiyeCulture
SourceofLegends
ThecollectionofBeiyeliteratureinBuddhisttemplesintheDaiareasofChinahaslongbeenatradition.OneofitssourcesItwasengravedandwrittenbytheBuddhahimself,andthesecondwastoaccepttheofferingofscripturesfromthesecularsentientbeings"HuanTan"or"Books"offeringbooks.Asthefolk"Buddha"offeringsandbookofferingsbecameacommonpractice,the"BeiYeSutra"notonlycontainsstoriesfromHinduism,butalsocontainslegendsthatsingagainstBuddhismandrelatedtotheprimitivebeliefsoftheDaipeople.Therefore,theBeiYeSutrahasbecomeaDaisociety.ThecongregationofvariousculturalknowledgeandideashasalsoaffectedthecontentcompositionofBayeuxliterature.InadditiontothecentralizedcollectionofBeiyeSutrasinBuddhisttemples,thesecularandfolkloreofDaipeoplealsohavevarioustypesofBeiyeliterature,soBeiyeculturehasbecomearepresentativeandsymbolofDaiculturefromBuddhisttemplestofolk.
TheBayeuxcultureisasymbolicexpressionofthetraditionalcultureoftheDainationality.Thereasonwhyitiscalled"BayLeafCulture"isbecauseitispreservedintheBayLeafSutramadefromBayLeafandnamedafterit.TheBayeuxcultureincludestheBayeux,theclassicswrittenoncottonpaper,andthetraditionalculturalphenomenaoftheDaipeoplelivinginthefolk.
Characteristiccarrier
TheBayeuxSutraistheoldestandmostcorepartofthe"BayeuxCulture"andthemaincarrierofthe"BayeuxCulture"ItcanbesaidtobetherootofDaiculture.Formorethanathousandyears,theliteratiofthepredecessorsoftheDainationalitydidnotusenamesorprofit,andtirelesslyusedstylustoengravewordsontheBayeux,silentlydedicatedtheirwisdomandtalents,generationaftergeneration,amongthem,nooneinscribedontheirownThenameisleftinthescriptures,butithasleftinfinitewisdomandspiritualwealthtofuturegenerations.TheyhavebeencollectedintovastBayeclassicsandcreatedabroadandprofound"Bayeculture".Asaresult,therichBeiyeclassicsbecomeanencyclopediaofDaisociety,formingadistinctivelocalethnicculture.
Richcontent
Thereare84,000Beiyeclassics,andtheBeiyeculturalscriptureskeptinXishuangbanna,asmanyas5,000fromthebibliographyDepartment,morethan2,000kinds.Accordingtocontentandform,itcanberoughlydividedinto19categories.Namely:PhilosophyandHistory;PoliticalEconomy;ProductionandLife;FolkloreandCustoms;LanguageandWriting;LiteratureandArt;ReligiousBelief;BuddhistClassics;AstronomyandCalendar;Law;MedicalScienceandMedicine;SportsandMartialArts;Artcategory;productcraftcategory;architecturaldesigncategory,etc.Thescopeandcontentareverybroadandrich,involvingallaspectsofDaisociety,history,culture,productionandlife.ItcanbesaidthatitisacollectionofDaitraditionalcultureandauniversallibraryofDaiwisdom.
CulturalDiversity
TheBayeuxisaspecialphenomenonthatcontains"multicultural"factors.Inaddition,theDaipeoplethemselveshaveabsorbedandintegratedthenourishingandbrewingBayeuxculturalatmosphereoftheHanculture(CentralPlainsculture).ItispreciselybecauseofitscharacteristicsthattheBayeuxSutraisuniqueintheworld'shumanhistoryandculture,showingitsinfluenceandvalue.
Scarceintheworld
The"TangMonk"retrievedbackthenwasthe"BayeuxSutra"
The"BayeuxSutra"originatedfromIndia.TheancientIndianscollectedtheleavesoftheBedorotreeandusedthemtowriteBuddhistscriptures.TheeminentmonkXuanzangoftheTangDynastywenttothewesttoobtainthescriptures,andwhatheretrievedwasalsothe"BeiYeJing".TheBayeuxiswear-resistantandlightweight,andthehandwritingcanstillbeclearlyrecognizedthousandsofyearslater.
InIndia,theearly"Bayeux"manuscriptsarealmostlost.ItisalsoquiterareinChina.Xuanzangbroughtback657volumesof"TheBayeux"fromIndiaandtranslatedtheBuddhistscripturesinChang'an.These"BeiYeJing"havebeencherishedintheBigWildGoosePagoda.
The"BeiYeJing"circulatedinotherplacesinChinaisveryrare,onlyasmallnumberofeditionsexistinZhenpingBodhiTemple,Xi'anBigWildGoosePagoda,MountEmei,MountPutuo,NationalMuseumofChina,etc.TheYeJinghasbeendesignatedasanationalfirst-classculturalrelic.
TibetistheplacewheretheBayeuxSutraispreservedthemostandmostabundantlyintheworldtoday.Sofar,thereareancientBayeuxscripturesinSanskrit,TibetanandPali,manyofwhichareisolated,rareandrare..
SouthChinaSeaAppears
TheBayeuxSutraappearsattheBaofengTempleinXiqiaoMountain.The"BayLeafSutra"isapreciousgiftfromtheBaofengTempleinXiqiaoMountain.Itcanbedescribedaspriceless.ItisalsothetreasureofthetempleofBaofengTemple.InMarch2008,thecurrentchairmanofHongKongHanrongBookCompanyLimited,Mr.ShiHanji,andhismother,Ms.LiuZiying,heldthe"BayLeafSutra"intheirhandsandpersonallysentittoBaofengTemple,givingBaofengTempleapreciousBuddhistculturalheritage.
The"BeiyeSutra",knownasthe"BuddhistPanda"asanationalfirst-levelculturalrelic,formallywalkedoutofthesecretroomfromOctober16thto26th,2010,andappearedinthefirstNanhaiFolkCultureinXiqiaoMountainFestival,andexhibitedatBaofengTemple,athousand-year-oldtemple,visitorscangetacloselookatitsrichhistoryandprofoundculturalheritage.The"BeiYeJing"isanationalfirst-classculturalrelic.The"BeiYeJing"ofBaofengTemplewaspresentedbyMr.ShiJingyi'swife,Ms.LiuZiying,andtheireldestson,Mr.ShiHanji.
Afterreceivingthe"BaiyeSutra",BaofengTempleinXiqiaoMountainimmediatelycherishedthisnationaltreasuretoavoidthetideandloss.Afterthinkingofmanyways,the"BaiyeSutra"wasfinallykeptinasecretroom.Sincethen,theBayeuxSutrahasbeeninthesecretroomformorethan2years.Althoughmanytouristsknowthatthetreasure"BayeuxSutra"ishiddenintheBaofengTempleinXiqiaoMountain,noonehaseverwitnessedit.EventheBaofengTemplepersonnelarethere.Takeaquickglanceonthedayofthedonation.
The"BayeuxSutra"waswrappedtightlywithredsilkcloth,andtheredsilkclothwasgentlyopened,andthescripturesinsidegraduallyexposed.Thescripturesareabout40cmlong,morethan10cmwide,andmorethan10cmthick.
BaofengTemplehasperfectedtheTibetanScripturePavilionandbuiltanewsecretroomspecificallyforthe"BeiyeSutra",andplanstobringthe"BeiyeScripture"backtoBaofengTemple.Visitorscangetaglimpseofthemysteriousfaceofthe"BayeuxSutra"andfeelitsheavyBuddhistcultureandhistoricalorigins.