Generatorset
Firstofall,theconceptofgeneratorset:Generatorsetreferstopowergenerationequipmentthatcanconvertmechanicalenergyorotherrenewableenergyintoelectricalenergy.
Generally,ourcommongeneratorsetsareusuallydrivenbythefollowing:steamturbine,waterturbineorinternalcombustionengine(gasolineengine,dieselengineandothergenerators),windenergy,solarenergy,biomassenergy,oceanenergy,etc.Themarketfordieselgeneratorsisthelargest,mainlyduetothelargecapacityofdieselgenerators,whichcanoperateinparallelandhavealongcontinuouspowersupplytime,andcanalsooperateindependently.Itdoesnotoperateinparallelwiththeregionalgridandisnotaffectedbygridfailures.ReliabilityHigher.Especiallywhenthecommonlyusedcommercialpowerinsomeareasisnotveryreliable,usingdieselgeneratorsasabackuppowersourcecannotonlyserveasanemergencypowersource,butalsothroughreasonableoptimizationofthelow-voltagesystem,someofthemoreimportantloadsatordinarytimescanbecutoff.Whenused.Therefore,itiswidelyusedinengineering.
Classification
Therearemanyformsofgenerators,buttheirworkingprinciplesarebasedonthelawofelectromagneticinductionandthelawofelectromagneticforce.Therefore,thegeneralprincipleofitsconstructionis:useappropriatemagneticandconductivematerialstoformmagneticcircuitsandcircuitsthatconductelectromagneticinductionwitheachothertogenerateelectromagneticpowerandachievethepurposeofenergyconversion.
Theclassificationofgeneratorscanbesummarizedasfollows:
GeneratorDCgenerator,ACgeneratorsynchronousgenerator,asynchronousgenerator(rarelyused)
Alternatorcanalsobedividedintosingle-phasegeneratorandthree-phasegenerator.
Structure
Generatorsareusuallycomposedofstators,rotors,endcoversandbearings.
Thestatoriscomposedofastatorcore,wire-wrappedwindings,abaseandotherstructuralpartsthatfixtheseparts.Thefunctionofthestatoristogeneratealternatingcurrent.
Therotoriscomposedofrotorcore(ormagneticpole,magneticyoke)winding,guardring,centerring,slipring,fanandrotatingshaft.Thefunctionoftherotoristogenerateamagneticfield.Installedinsidethestator.
Theprincipleisthatthestatorandtherotorofthegeneratorareconnectedandassembledbythebearingandtheendcover,sothattherotorcanrotateinthestatorandcutthemovementofthemagneticlinesofforce,therebygeneratinganinducedelectricpotential,whichisledoutthroughtheterminalandconnectedtotheIntheloop,acurrentisgenerated.
Principle
Usingtheprincipleofelectromagneticinductioninwhichtheelectricpotentialisinducedbythecuttingofmagneticlinesofforce,themechanicalenergyoftheprimemoverisconvertedintoelectricalenergyoutput.Thesynchronousgeneratoriscomposedoftwoparts:astatorandarotor.Thestatoristhearmaturethatgenerateselectricity,andtherotoristhemagneticpole.Thestatoriscomposedofanarmatureironcore,athree-phasewindinguniformlydischarged,abaseandanendcover,etc.Therotorisusuallyahiddenpoletype,consistingofanexcitationwinding,anironcoreandashaft,aguardring,andacenterring.Theexcitationwindingoftherotorisenergizedwithadirectcurrenttoproduceanearlysinusoidaldistributedmagneticfield(calledtherotormagneticfield),anditseffectiveexcitationmagneticfluxintersectswiththestationaryarmaturewinding.Whentherotorrotates,themagneticfieldoftherotorrotatesatthesametime,witheachrevolution,themagneticlinesofforcesequentiallycuteachphasewindingofthestator,andathree-phaseACelectricpotentialisinducedinthethree-phasestatorwinding.Whenthegeneratorisrunningwithasymmetricalload,thethree-phasearmaturecurrentiscombinedtoproducearotatingmagneticfieldwithasynchronousspeed.Theinteractionbetweenthestatormagneticfieldandtherotormagneticfieldproducesabrakingtorque.Fromthesteamturbine/waterturbine/gasturbine,theinputmechanicaltorqueovercomesthebrakingtorquetoperformwork.
Installation
Tostartthedieselgeneratorsetwithelectricity,thestepsare:checkwhethertheelectricshockcontactofthestartermotorandelectromagneticoperatingmechanismisgood.Checkwhetherthepowercordiscorrect.Checkwhetherthereisdirtoroxidationonthebatteryterminal,whichshouldbepolishedclean.Firstcheckwhethertheelectro-hydraulicproportionofthestartingbatteryiswithintherangeof1.240~1.280.Iftheproportionislessthan1.180,itindicatesthatthebatteryisinsufficient.
Theinstallationandinspectionstepsofthealternatorareasfollows:
Wheninstallingthegenerator,ensurethatthecoolingairinletisunobstructed,andavoidtheexhaustedhotairfromenteringthegeneratoragain.Ifthereareshuttersontheventilationcover,thewindowshouldfacedowntomeettherequirementsoftheprotectionlevel.Forthemechanicalcouplingofsingle-bearinggenerators,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheuniformairgapbetweenthestatorandrotor.
TheACgeneratoriscoupledwiththedieselgenerator,andtheparallelismandconcentricityofthecouplingarerequiredtobelessthan0.05mm.Inactualuse,therequirementcanbeslightlylower,about0.1mmorless,toolargereturnaffectsthenormaloperationofthebearing,resultingindamage,andthecouplingshouldbefixedwithpositioningpins.Thecouplingconditionshouldberetestedbeforeinstallation.
ThereareU,V,W,Nmarksontheterminalofthegeneratoroutletbox,whichdoesnotmeanthattheactualphasesequencedependsonthedirectionofrotation.UVWisprintedonthecertificatetoindicatetheactualphasesequencewhenrotatingclockwise,andVUWistheactualphasesequencewhenrotatingcounterclockwise.
Whentheslidingbearinggeneratoriscoupled,theheightofthecenterofthegeneratorshouldbeadjustedslightlytothecenterofyourdieselengine,sothattheweightoftheflywheelonthedieselenginewillnotbetransferredtothegeneratorbearing,otherwiseitwillgenerateelectricityThebearingofthemachinewillbeartheweightoftheflywheel,whichisnotconducivetotheformationoftheoilfilmoftheslidingbearing,resultinginheatgenerationandevenburningofthebearing.Noheavyobjectscanbecarriedonthecouplingofthistypeofgenerator.
Iftheneutralpointofeachgeneratorinthepowersupplysystemisconnectedtoeachother,ortheneutralpointofthegeneratorisconnectedtotheneutralpointofthetransformeranditsload,theneutrallinewillgooutwhentheunitisrunningNeutralcurrentat3timesthefrequency.Therefore,theneutralcurrentofthegeneratormustbemeasuredundervariousloadconditionsthatmayoccurduringoperation.Inordertopreventthegeneratorfromoverheating,theneutralcurrentmustnotexceed50%ofthegenerator'sratedcurrent.Theneutrallinepoweristoolarge,andaneutrallinereactorshouldbeinstalledontheneutrallinetolimitit.
Accordingtotheschematicdiagramorwiringdiagram,selecttheappropriatepowercableandusecopperconnectorsforwiring.Afterthecopperconnectorandthebusbararetightened,thelocalgapatthejointshouldnotbegreaterthan0.05mm,Thedistancebetweenthewiresisnotmorethan10mm,andthenecessarygroundingwiremustbeinstalled.
Specificationsforuse
(1)Thegroundpolarityofthebatterymustbethesameasthatofthealternator.Theconsequenceofnotfollowingthespecificationisthatthediodewillbedamagedduetothelargecurrentdischargeofthediode.
(2)Whenthesixdiodesoftherectifiertubeareconnectedtothestatorwinding,itisabsolutelyforbiddentouseameggeror220VACpowersupplytochecktheinsulationofthealternator.Otherwise,itiseasytocausethediodetobreakdownandbedamaged.
(3)Aftertheengineisturnedoff,theignitionswitchshouldbeturnedoff.Iftheflameisnotturnedoffintime,thebatterywillcontinuetodischarge,whichwillaffectthemagneticfieldandshortenthebatterylife.
(4)Whenthealternatorisrunning,thefiretestmethodcannotbeusedtocheckwhetheritisgeneratingelectricity.Otherwise,itiseasytodamagethediodeandelectroniccomponents.
(5)Thegroundformoftheregulatorandthealternatormustbethesame,otherwisethealternatorwillnotbeabletooutputvoltageduetonomagneticfieldcurrent.Andthevoltagelevelofthetwoshouldbethesame,otherwisethechargingsystemcannotworknormally.
(6)Itisfoundthatthealternatorisnotgeneratingelectricityorthechargingcurrentissmall,andthefaultshouldbeeliminatedintime,andthewireconnectionbetweenthealternatorandthebatteryshouldbefirm.Otherwise,itiseasytodamagethediodeandelectroniccomponents.
(7)Whenthealternatorisinstalledontheengine,thecenterofthepulleygrooveofthealternatorshouldbealignedwiththecenterofthepulleygrooveoftheengine,andtheappropriateV-belttightnessshouldalsobeset.
(8)WheninstallingtheV-beltearly,prythefrontendcoverofthealternatorstrongly.Otherwise,thecomponentswillbedamagedunderpressure.
Operation
Step
1.Preparations
Disconnectthehigh-voltageswitchinthepowerdistributionroom,andturnontheisolatingswitchtogenerateelectricityLocation.
1.Turntheisolatingswitchofthegeneratorroomtothepowergenerationposition.
2.Checkthecoolingwater,lubricatingoil,andfuelstorageconditionsofthegenerator,andreplenishitintimeifanyshortageisfound.
3.Checkwhethertheconnectingparts,fastenersandoperatingpartsareloose,fallingoffandstuck.Whethertheconnectionofeachwireisfirm,correctandingoodcontact.
4.Openthecontrolcabinetunderthegeneratoroperationscreen,closethestartswitch,andwaitforthedisplaytobepowered.Pressthepageupanddownkeystoviewtherelatedoperationrecordsofthegenerator,andifanyabnormalsituationisfound,dealwithitimmediatelyandgetreadyforpowergeneration.
Second,startandrun
1.Pressthestartbuttontostartthegenerator,andpayattentiontowhetherthereismechanicalnoise,abnormalvibration,etc.atthesametime.
2.Duringoperation,theoperatorcloselymonitorsthevoltage,frequency,current,powerfactor,oiltemperature,oilpressure,watertemperature,chargingcurrent,speedandotherinstrumentindicationsandchangesofthegeneratorsetthroughtheinstrument.Whenthespecifiedvalueisexceeded,checkandtakemeasuresintime,andthencontinuetorunafterreturningtonormal.
3.Theemergencystopbuttononthecontrolpanelisonlyusedinemergencysituations.Afterpressingthebutton,thegeneratorwillstopimmediately,andanaudibleandvisualalarmwillbeissuedatthesametime.
4.Afterthegeneratorisrunningnormally,turnonthemainswitchofthegeneratorset(low-voltageairswitch),andthegeneratorwillsupplypowertotheelectricload.
3.Stopping
1.Afterthemainspowerisnormal,graduallycutofftheloadanddisconnectthemainswitchofthegeneratorset(low-voltageairswitch).
2.Underno-loadconditions,graduallyreducethespeedtoidlespeed,andstoptheengineagainwhenthewaterandoiltemperatureofthedieselenginedropsbelow70°C.
3.Disconnectthestart-upcontrolpowersupply,andswitchtheisolationswitchtothemainspositionaccordingtotheoperatingsequence.
Method
Manualoperation
(1)Checkworkbeforebooting:
1.Turnonthepower.
2.Checkwhetherthefollowingitemsarenormal:
(1)Watertankwaterlevel
(2)Engineoilanddieseloillevel
(3)Batteryvoltage
(4)Batterywaterlevel
3.Checkthecontrolpanel,switchthemainswitchtothestopposition,closethedetectionswitch,andwhenthedisplayisnormal,turnonthedetectionswitch,Eachmetershoulddisplayzero,andtheindicatorlightshowsshutdown.
(2)Startup
1.Switchthemainswitchtothemanualstartposition,thegeneratorshouldstartimmediately,andtheindicatorlightshowsnormal.
2.Observevariousinstrumentsonthecontrolpanel,andtheyshouldoperatenormally.
3.Ifyouneedtooperatewithaload,closethepoweroutputswitch.
(3)Shutdown
1.Firstcutofftheback-endloadandthenturnoffthepoweroutputswitch.
2.Afterfiveminutesofno-loadoperation,switchthemainswitchtothestopposition.
3.Aftercheckingthateverythingisnormal,switchthemainswitchtotheautomaticstartposition,andclosethepoweroutputswitch.
Automaticoperation
(1)Pleaserefertomanualoperationforinspectionworkbeforestarting,butafterinspection,switchthegeneratortoautomaticstartstateandcloseitPoweroutputswitch.
(2)Startup:cutoffthepowersupplyofTaipowerandobservewhetheritstartsautomatically.
(3)Shutdown:TurnonthepowersupplyofTaipowerandobservewhetheritautomaticallyswitchesthepowersupplyandautomaticallyshutsdown.
Three,emergencyshutdown
(1)Intheeventofanemergency,whenthegenerator'sownprotectiondevicerefusestostart,emergencyshutdownshouldbeperformedandthemainswitchshouldbeswitchedtotheoffposition.
(2)Aftertheemergencyshutdown,performacomprehensiveinspectionofthegeneratorimmediatelyandresumenormaloperationassoonaspossible.
Note:
1.No-loadoperationofthegeneratorshallnotexceedfifteenminutes.
2.Afterthegeneratorstartstorun,checkthewaterlevel,oillevel,diesellevel,batteryvoltage,andbatteryfluidofthegeneratortokeepitinanormalstate.
3.Anoperationrecordshallbemadeforeachdetectionorautomaticstart-upoperation.
Maintenance
Normalmaintenance
No-loadtestmachineonceaweek,runningtime10-15minutes,inordertofindtheproblemintimeandensurethatthebatteryhassufficientcapacityForthegeneratortostart.
1.Beforemaintenance,theautomaticairswitchofthegeneratorshouldbecutoff,themainswitchshouldbeplacedinthestopposition,andthepositiveandnegativepowercordsofthebatteryshouldbefoldofftoconfirmthatthegeneratorcannotbestarted.
2.Checkthebatteryelectrolytelevel,ifitisinsufficient,addsulfuricacidsolutionordistilledwateraccordingtoitsconcentration.
3.Calculatethecumulativeoperatingtimeofthegeneratorsincethelasttimeitwasraised.Theairfiltershouldbecleanedevery50hours,andtheoilfilter,dieselfilter,andwaterfiltershouldbereplacedevery250hours.Filterelement.
4.Checkwhethertheunitisleakingwateroroil,andcleanthegeneratorbody.
5.Connectthebatterypowercordandconnectorsproperly,andthetestfailureindicatorlightsshouldallbeon.
6.Checkwhetherthegroundingwireisgood.
7.Checktheoperatingconditionoftheexhaustfanintheengineroom,andwhetherthedieseloilissufficienttorunforeighthours.
8.Checkwhetherthecoldwaterlevelandengineoillevelarenormal.
9.Afterthemanualtestmachinerunsnormally,turnontheautomaticairswitchofthegenerator,andswitchthemainswitchtotheautomaticstartposition,performasimulatedpowerfailuretest,andobservetheautomaticstartofthegenerator.
10.Runthegeneratorwithloadforonehour,andobservewhethertheinstrumentindicatorsandtheunitareoperatingnormally.
11.Fillinoperationrecordsandmaintenancerecords.·
Technicalmaintenance
Dieselgeneratorsetscanbedividedintotwotypesaccordingtotheirusageconditions:oneisbasedonmainspower,andtheotherisbasedonpowergeneration.Themachineisthemainpowersupplydevice.Thereisabigdifferenceintheusagetimeofthegeneratorsinthetwocases.Themaintenanceofdieselgeneratorsisgenerallydeterminedbytheaccumulatedhoursofstartingup.Thefirstpowersupplymethodmentionedaboveonlytestsforafewhourspermonth,suchasaccumulatedtotwoorthreetechnologies.Technicalmaintenanceaftermaintenancehoursistoolong.Therefore,itshouldbeflexiblygraspedaccordingtothespecificsituationandtimelytechnicalmaintenancecaneliminatetheundesirablephenomenaofthemachineassoonaspossible,ensurethattheunitisingoodcondition,andextendtheservicelifeofthemachine.Therefore,inordertomakethedieselengineworknormallyandreliably,thetechnicalmaintenancesystemofthedieselenginemustbeimplemented.Thetechnicalmaintenancecategoriesaredividedinto:
First,thefirstlevelmaintenanceinspection(dailyorweekly)
2.Level2maintenanceinspection(every250hoursoronemonth)
Level3maintenanceinspection(every1500hoursorhalfayear)
Note:1.Level3maintenance","Mediumrepairandmaintenance"and"overhaulandmaintenance"shouldbecompletedbyaprofessionaldieselgeneratormaintenancecompany.
2.Thestandbygeneratorshouldbeturnedonandrunforabout10minutesonaregularbasistoevaporatethemoistureinthedieselenginebodytopreventmoisture.,Anti-corrosion,etc..
(1),first-levelmaintenanceinspection
Checktheoillevel
Usethedieselengineoildipsticktochecktheoillevel.InordertogetaccurateTheoillevelshouldbeshutdownfor15minutesandcheckwhentheoilreturnstotheoilpan.Theoillevelshouldbematchedwiththeoriginaloilpan.Keeptheoillevelasclosetothehigh"H"markaspossible.
Warning:Neveroperatethedieselenginewhentheoilmarkislowerthanthelowmark"L"orhigherthanthehighmark"H"(ifnecessary,addengineoilofthesamequalityandgradeinthedieselengine).
Checkthecoolingsystem
Keepthecoolingliquidfilleduptotheworkingsurface,checkthecoolingliquidleveleverydayoreverytimebeforestartingthemachine,analyzethereasonofthecoolingliquidconsumption,andcheckthecoolingliquidlevel,onlyafterthecoolingsystemiscooled.
Checktheconnectionsoftheintakepipe
Checktheconnectionsoftheintakepipe,whethertheclampisloose,whetherthehoseiscracked,perforatedorworn,whetherthereisahosebreakorForotherdamages,tightentheclamporreplacepartsasneededtoensurethattheairintakesystemiswellsealedandthatallairpassesthroughtheairfilter.
Visualinspection
CheckifthereisoutsideairLeakage,leakageofcoolantoroil.Tightenthescrewconnections,joints,etc.orreplacethegasketasneeded.Checktheoildipstickforeachfuelingpipecovertoseeifitistightlytightened.
Checkfordamage
Checkthefuelsystem,etc.,includingtheerrorinvestigationorbumpsofthefuelpump,andcheckallconnectionsforleakageordamage.
Checkthedrivebelt
Inspectwhetherthefan,waterpump,chargerbeltisdamagedorloose.Ifthebuckleisdamaged,replaceitwithanewone.Andadjustthetightness.Ifnecessary,askaprofessionaltechniciantoadjust.
Matterstonoteduringmaintenance
1.Thelubricatingoilpressureislow.
2.Insufficientpower.
3.Thecoolantoroiltemperatureistoohigh.
4.Excessiveconsumptionofcoolant,oilandfuel.
5.Theenginesoundisabnormal,thesmokecolorisabnormal,andthesmokeexhaustpipeisred.
Noteswhenusingfakeload
1.Theloadingprocessis25%,50%,75%,100%.
2.Revisetheactualpowerused.
3.Runforonehouratfullload.
4.Observetheoutputparametersofthedieselengineatalltimesduringtheloadingprocess.