Zhang Tianyi

Charakterový vztah

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V dávných dobách

ZhangTianyiwasborninNanjingin1906.Inthe11thyearoftheRepublicofChina,heandhisclassmatesDaiWangshu,DuHeng,andShiZhecunco-organizedsmallliteraryandartisticpublications,andpublishedworksinpublicationssuchas"Saturday","FairyMoon",and"Weekly".Inthefallofthe13thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hewasadmittedtotheShanghaiAcademyofFineArtsforoneyear;thefollowingsummer,hewasadmittedtothepreparatorycourseofPekingUniversity.Afterclass,hestillreadandwriteextensively.In2016,hejoinedtheCommunistPartyofChina.Inordertoexperiencethelifeofthelowerclass,XiaYirandroppedoutofschoolandworkedasaclerkinShanghai,Nanjingandotherplaces,asatutor,accountant,reporter,officeclerk,clerical,etc.,totastethepainofdismissalandunemployment..Inthe18thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hecommunicatedwithLuXun.Inthe20thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hejoinedtheChineseLeft-wingWritersUnionandactivelyengagedinrevolutionaryliterarycreationandotherrevolutionaryactivities.

Angažoval se v protijaponské propagační práci

InthewinteroftheRepublicofChina,inthewinterof26,engagedinanti-Japanesepropagandawork.,Andwroteshortstoriessuchas"Mr.TanJiu'sWork".ThefollowingyearhetaughtatHunanUniversity.Inthe28thyearoftheRepublicofChina,heservedastheeditorofthesupplementofthenewspaper"ObservationDaily"oftheHunanProvincialPartyCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina.Inthe33rdyearoftheRepublicofChina,hereturnedtoXiangxiangtorecuperateduetoillness.Inthe37thyearoftheRepublicofChina,afterhewenttoShanghai,hisillnessturnedcritical,andhewasescortedtoMacauJinghuHospitalfortreatment.HerecoveredinMay1950andwenttoBeijing.

In1951,heservedasdeputydirectoroftheCentralInstituteofLiterature,directoroftheChineseWritersAssociation,editorialboardandeditor-in-chiefof"People'sLiterature",memberoftheCommunistPartyCommitteeoftheChineseWritersAssociation,andsecretaryoftheSecretariat.ParticipatedinthesecondandfourthnationalliteratureandartWorkers’Congress,electedasamemberofthepresidium,servedasarepresentativeofthefirsttothirdNationalPeople’sCongress,andamemberoftheFifthNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference.

"CulturalRevolution"Duringtheperiod

Během „Kulturní revoluce“ byl ZhangTianyi poražen, stal se „kapitalistickým roaderem“, „akádem, který provádí černou linii literatury a umění“ a decentralizuje „práci“ v Xianningu, Hubei.Byl v 7.věku hemiplegie a 19. věku.

AwardRecord

"TheStoryofLuoWenying"wonthefirstprizeofnationalchildren'sliteratureandartin1954;"TheBaldKing"and"DaLinandXiaoLin"werepraisedas"JiYeShengTao""TheScarecrow"isthesecondmilestoneinthehistoryofChinesefairytales;"TheSecretofTreasureGourd"andYanWenjing's"NextTimeSailingPort"aretwoimportantachievementsinthecreationoffairytalesinChinasincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofmycountry.Inrecognitionofhiscontributiontothecauseofchildren'sliteratureinmycountry,ZhangTianyiwasawardedthehonoraryprizeforthesecondnationaljuvenileandchildren'sliterarycreationappraisal.

Hlavní práce

"Od prázdnoty k naplnění" (sbírka povídek) 1931, moderní

"GhostDiary" (dlouhý příběh) 1931, Shanghainoon Bookstore

"LittlePeter" (sbírka povídek) 1931, ShanghaiChunguang Bookstore

"Gear" (dlouhý příběh) podepsaný TieChihan, 1932, Hufeng

"Rok" (dlouhá povídka) 1933, dobrý příteli

"Včela" (sbírka povídek) 1933, moderní

"backandtits" (povídka) 1933, dobrý přítel

"DalinandXiaolin" (pohádka) 1933, moderní

"Protiútok" (sbírka povídek) 1934, život

"Migrace" (sbírka povídek))1934,Dobří přátelé"Reunion"(sbírka povídek)1935,WenSheng

"Sbírka lidí" (sbírka románů a skriptů) 1936, Dobří přátelé

"ChingMingFestival" (román) 1936, Šanghajské literární nakladatelství

"WanRenYue" (sbírka povídek) 1936, obchod

"Plohlavý král" (pohádka) 1936, WenSheng

"YangQiXia"(longstory)1936,ShanghaiXinzhongBookstore

"Chasing" (sbírka povídek) 1936, osvícený

"SpringBreeze" (sbírka povídek) 1936, WenSheng

"StrangePlace" (román) 1937, WenSheng

"IntheCity" (fikce) 1937, Dobří přátelé

"Návratníci" (sbírka povídek) 1939, WenSheng

"OnCharacterDescription" (Teorie) 1942, Knihkupectví spisovatelů

BooksbyZhangTianyi (7Zhang)

"Selected Worksof ZhangTianyi" 1951, osvícený

"The Storyof LuoWenying" (Sbírka povídek) 1952, Zhongqing

"RongshengatHome"(Script)1953,Zhongqing

"BigBadWolf"(Script)1954,Zhongqing

"TaleoftheBrainless" (pohádka) 1956, Děti

"The SecretoftheTreasureCalabash" (pohádka) 1958, děti

"Různá literární kritika" (Komentář) 1958, spisovatel

"TotheChildren" (sbírka románů a scénářů) 1959, Humanitní vědy

"GototheMovies" (román) 1960,LiteratureReformPress

"Selected Worksof ZhangTianyi"1979,Humanities"SelectedWorksofZhangTianyi"(sbírka románů, pohádek a skript)1980,děti

"Zlatá kachní říše" (pohádka) 1980, lidé z Hunanu

Vybraná díla ZhangTianyiho krátkých příběhů (2. a 2. svazek) 1981, Kultura a umění

"Vybraná díla ZhangTianyiho románů" (svazky 1 a 2) 1981, HunanPeople

"Selected Worksof ZhangTianyi's FairyTales" 1981, HunanPeople

"Selected Worksof ZhangTianyi's Child's Literature" 1981, Lidé z Jilin

"Twenty One" a další (sbírka povídek) 1981, Lidé z Jiangxi

"ZhangTianyionCreation" 1982, Šanghajská literatura a umění

"Selected Worksof ZhangTianyi" 1983, SichuanPeople

"ZhangTianyiLiteratureReviewCollection" 1984, Humanitní vědy

"Collection of ZhangTianyiWorks" (svazek 1-7) 1985-1989, Šanghajská literatura a umění (nepublikováno)

"ZhangTianyi'sFables"1986,AnhuiChildren

"BaoFamily" (sbírka povídek) 1986, Baihua

"ZhangTianyiCollection"(FairyTaleCollection)1987,TomorrowPublishingHouse

"ZhangTianyiResearchMaterials"(editedbyShenChengkuan,HuangHouxing,WuFuhui)1982,SocialScience

OnDraftsof ZhangTianyi'sRomans (DuYuanming) 1985, Peopleof Ningxia

OnZhangTianyi(editedbyShenChengkuan,ZhangDaming,WuFuhui,HuangHouxing)1987,HunanLiteratureandArt

Publikované knihy

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Charakteristika tvoření

Charakteristika satirických románů ZhangTianyiho:

(1)Lookingdownonthesatiricalobject,focusingontheperspectiveinamomentoflifeTherichcharacterhistory,theoutlinesofthecharactersareclearandclean,andtheyaregoodatdistillingthecharacters'habitualactionsandlanguageintheDickensianstyle,graspingthecharacters'souloutlinestoexpandtheirsmallcharacteristics,andwritebigcharacters.

(2)Payattentiontotheflexibilityofthenarrativeperspective,useactionsandemotionsastheinternalbasisforthenarrativestructure,dilutetheplotofthestory,relyondramaticdetailsandcontradictionstostructurethenovel,andformafragmentedandsketchedhorizontalstructureAstronganddramaticnovelform.

(3) Pikantní a nespoutaný komiksový styl přehnaný styl, expresivní satireart.

(4)Freshhandflowingmluvenéanglicky.

Tři satirické motivy v románech ZhangTianyi

1.Anti-hypocrisy.Thefirsttypeofhypocriticalimagesinhisworksarethoseoldlandlordsandoldbureaucratswhoaretraditionaldefenders.Forexample,in"BackandTits",thechiefgentryandgrandfatheroftheclanwantedtomolestRenSansao,butwasresisted,sohecleverlysetupapublictrialintheancestor'sXianghuoShrine,andlaterforcedRenSansaotoservehimasamortgagefordebtsinthenameofforcingherdebts.RenSansaopretendedtobesubmissive,tooktheopportunitytobeathimupandranawayovernight.Behindthelong-sister'scondemnationof"allevilandprostitutionisthehead"ishisdespicablepersonalitythatreliesonpowerandpower.Thenovelusesthemainstaytodescribethesediment,exposingthehypocrisyofNeo-Confucianism.Asfarassatiricalliteratureisconcerned,ZhangTianyiformallycapturedthecharactertraitsoftheselandlordsandcountrygentrywhodeceivedtheworldandhackedtheirreputationsandwerepowerfulandinthemiddle.Heusedsatiricaltechniquestoexposetheirhypocriticalthinkingandinsignificantbehavior,makingreaderslaughcontemptuously.Atthesametime,italsoshowstheauthor'sclassconsciousnessofloveandhatred,andwritesabouttheawakeningandresistanceoftheoppressed.Forexample,RenSansaoin"BackandTits"punishedtheeldestgrandfatherfiercely,andflewawaywithherlovedone.

Thesecondtypeofhypocriticalimageinhisworksisthecitybureaucratsonthemodernpoliticalarena.Thepoliticalsatiricalnovel"Mr.Warwick"createdatthebeginningoftheAnti-JapaneseWarishisrepresentativework.Mr.Warwickwasamunicipalbureaucratwhowasintheanti-Japaneseculturalcamp.Hehasastrongdesireforpowerbutisunlearnedandskillless.Hepretentiouslygoesoutsidetobluffanddeceive.Herunsaroundinarickshaweveryday.Heisbusyattendingvariousmeetingsandgettinginvolvedinallkindsofaffairs.Monopolyandmanipulatemassorganizationsandactivities.Throughthecreationofsuchanimageofabureaucraticbureaucracythatwas“all-in-onewithoutdoinganything”duringtheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan,theworkexposesthebehavioroftheKuomintangbureaucratstointerfereanddestroythepeople'sspontaneousanti-JapaneseorganizationsandactivitiesinthenameoftheAnti-JapaneseWar,whichhadawide-rangingsocialimpactatthattime.Moreover,thehypocriticalimageofMr.Warwickonthemodernpoliticalstageisalsodistinctivelyrepresentative,whichmakestheironiceffectoftheworkbreakthroughthelimitationsofpoliticsandthetimesandenterthelevelofculturalpsychologicalirony.

Second,anti-vulgarity.Forthosehumbleintellectuals,civilservantsandcitizens,ZhangTianyifocusedonexpressingtheirgraylifeandvulgar,sad,contradictoryandridiculouspsychologicalstate.Theymaybeemptyandbored,andtheyspendtheirdaysdrinking,wandering,andchattingaboutlove.Althoughtheyaredepressed,theyareunabletoextricatethemselves,andsometimesfallforthemselves.JingYein"FromEmptinesstoFullness","PigChangZi"in"TheSorrowofPigChangZi",andSangHuain"Migration"areallsuchcharacters.Ortheymaybeinastateofsorrowanddespair,dreamingofbeingpromotedandgettingrich.ThehumbleBaiMuyiin"OneYear",LiYitai,whoswayedthemarketwithanemptysoul,LiangMeixuan,whowasloyalandpeacefulthroughouthislife,andLuBaotian,whowasbothadogandahorsein"LuBaotian,"arethementalstatesofsuchlittlepeople.Itmakespeoplehateanddespisethevulgarlifefromlaughter.Theauthorhasnolackofbittersympathyintheironyandteasing,whichfurthershowsthedepthoftheexpressionofironicliteratureandthefloggingofhumanity.

Three,anti-feudalism.ForthecitizenslivinginthebottomofsocietylikeAhQ,thesatiricalthemesofZhangTianyi'snovelsareanti-vulgarityandanti-numbness,mourningtheirmisfortune,andangeringthemnotto"wakeup".ThisreflectsthatZhangTianyiwasdeeplyinfluencedbyLuXun.TheLaoBaointheshortstory"FatherandSonofBao"isasubmissiveservantwhoworksasaerrandinthebigmansion.Heisunwillingtobeinsuchahumblepositionforever,andwhenheisold,hehasnohopeofgettingrich.Thehopeof"climbingup"ispinnedonhissonBaoGuowei.Hedideverythingpossibletoenshrinehissontothe"ForeignSchool",becauseonlyafterhegraduatedfromthe"ForeignSchool"canhegettheopportunitytobecomeanofficialandmakeafortune,andLaoBaocanrealizehiswishtobecomeanoldlady.However,BaoGuoweididnotliveuptoit.Notonlydidhenotstudyhard,hebecamearoguestudent,andwasfinallyremovedfromtheschool.Asaresult,OldBaofellintoanembarrassingsituation.ThethoughtsandbehaviorsoftheBaosandhissonsdirectlyreflectthevulgarityofthelow-levelcitizensofsociety,andthedisillusionmentoftheiridealsistheinevitablefateofsuchhumblefigures.ForLaoBao,thisisnotonlyvulgar,butalsoignoranceandnumbnesstohelptheabuser."FathersandSonsofBao"isarepresentativeworkofZhangTianyi'ssatiricalnovels,anditisalsothetopgradeinmodernChinesesatiricalnovels.ItintertwinesandimprintsthebehaviorsofthefathersandsonsofBao'santagonisticways.Thewholeworkisfullofhumorandironyfulloftheupsanddownsoflife.LaoBaoisnotonlyanimageofapettycitizenwhosedreamshavebeenshattered,butalsoavictimoffeudalorderandculture.Theauthor'sLaoBaoisextremelydutiful,honestandloyal.HeisfullofChinesefeudalpatriarchalsystem,semi-colonialandsemi-feudalsocietyandcultureintertwinedwiththerootsofnationalinferiority,showingdistinctseculartragicomedycharacteristics.

Inshort,ZhangTianyiuseshisnovelstocreateaworldoftragedyandcomedyinvariousforms,whichisextremelyrichinconnotation.

Vyrůstání

Během základní školy a střední školy

IreadalotofChineseandforeignliteraryworks.In1922,hewrotecomicanddetectivenovels,andpublishedashortstory"NewPoetry"inthe"Saturday"magazine.Aftergraduatingfrommiddleschoolin1924,heenteredtheShanghaiAcademyofFineArtstostudypaintingforoneyear.In1926,heenteredthepreparatorycourseofPekingUniversitybecausehewasdissatisfiedwiththecourseshetookandhisfamilywaspoor,sohedroppedoutthenextyearandworkedasatutor,clerk,reporterandeditor.Publishedashortstory"Threeandahalfdays'dream"in1929.

Společná unie čínských levicových spisovatelů

JoinedtheChineseLeft-wingWritersUnionin1931,participatedintheworkofitsliteraryandartisticpopularizationresearchsociety,andassistedinediting"CrossStreet",etc.publication.Thecreativeoutputisincreasingdaybyday,facingreality,andthecontentissubstantial,bringingafreshbreathtotheliteraryandartworld.Shortstorieswrittenatthistimeincludecollectionssuchas"FromEmptinesstoFullness","LittlePeter","Bee","CounterAttack","Transition","Reunion","TenThousandYears ","SpringBreeze","Chasing",etc.,Hisnovelsaregoodatsatireandhumor.Themostwrittenisthevulgarandridiculouslivesofordinarycitizensandsomeintellectualsinordertorevealthehypocrisyanduglinessofrealityandcriticizethemaladiesofthedeformedsociety."PaoandSons"ishisrepresentativework.Duringthisperiod,therewerealsonovels"DiaryofGhostLand","Gear","OneYear","PidginMan","IntheCity",thenovella"ChingMingFestival", a dětskou literaturu včetně dlouhých pohádek."DaLinandXiaoLin","The BalldKing",thenovella"StrangePlace"atd. integruje vzdělávání v živém vyprávění a podporuje vývoj dětské literatury pro čínské děti.

TheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanAfterthestartoftheWarofResistanceagainstJapan

AftertheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanbegan,heparticipatedintheestablishmentoftheShanghaiLiteraryandArtisticSalvationAssociationandservedasthe"SalvationDaily""Editorialmember,directoroftheChinaNationalLiteraryandArtCirclesAnti-enemyAssociation.Thecollectionofshortstorieswrittenbyhim,"ThreeSketches",deeplyexposedthedarksideoftheAnti-JapaneseMovementintheKuomintangControlledArea,arousedtheattentionanddiscussionoftheliteraryandartcircles,andproducedawiderangeofsocialinfluences,stoppingthesituationof"desperatelyturningbackwards"intheChineseliteraryworldatthattime.Amongthem,"Mr.Warwick"ishismasterpieceofsatiricalnovels.In1942,hewasrecoveringfromlungdiseaseinChengdu,Shanghai,HongKongandotherplaces,andstoppedwritingformanyyears.Thefull-lengthfairytale"GoldenDuckEmpire"wasalsounfinishedduetoillness.HewenttoBeijingin1950;onceservedasdeputydirectoroftheCentralInstituteofLiterature,memberoftheChineseFederationofLiteraryandArtCircles,secretaryoftheSecretariatoftheChineseWritersAssociation,editor-in-chiefof"People'sLiterature",andeditorialboardmemberof"Children'sLiterature".Inadditiontoeditingpublicationsandcultivatingyoungliteraryandartworkers,heisalsoengagedinthecreationofchildren’sliterature,publishingnovels"GoingtotheMovies","TheStoryofLuoWenying"(wonthefirstprizeofNationalYouthandChildren'sLiteratureandArtCreationin1954),"TheyandWe",thefairytale"TheStoriesofNoBrain","TheSecretoftheGourd",thescripts"RongshengatHome","TheBigBadWolf",etc.,arecollectedandpublishedas"FortheChildren".Thecharactersareexquisitelyportrayed,richinimagination,livelyandinteresting,andwell-tempered.Theyhavebeenlovedbyyoungreadersfordecadesandhavemadeimportantcontributionstothedevelopmentofchildren'sliterature.Sincethe1930s,ZhangTianyihasalsopublishedmanynovelandoriginaltheoreticalcriticismarticles.Hehaspublishedmanyofhisworkssuchas"DiscussiononCharacterDescription","LiteraryMiscellaneousCriticism","ZhangTianyiLiteratureCriticCollection",etc.Ithasbeentranslatedintoavarietyofforeignlanguages​​andpublished.

Zemřel na nemoc

ZhangTianyireturnedtoworkafterliberation,servedasamemberofthePartyGroupoftheChineseWritersAssociation,andmarriedShenChengkuan.Duringthe"CulturalRevolution",hewastortured.Afterthe"GangofFour"wascrushed,hewantedtowriteagain,butunfortunatelyfellill,paralyzedandaphasia,anddiedin1985.