vůle

Interpretationinthesenseofpsychology

ContemporaryWesternPsychologyDictionarybelievesthatwillisapsychologicalprocessinwhichpeopleconsciouslydeterminegoalsandgovernactionstoovercomedifficultiestoachievepredeterminedgoals.Willisapsychologicalphenomenonpeculiartohumanbeings,anditisalsoamanifestationofhumanconsciousinitiative.

Itsmainfeatures:(1)Clearpurpose,thatis,volitionalactionalwaysconsciouslydeterminesandexecutesthepurposeaction.(2)Itisdirectlyrelatedtoovercomingdifficulties,thatis,onlybyovercomingvariousdifficultiescantheintendedpurposebeachieved.(3)Directlydominatepeople'sactions,thatis,willismainlyorganizedtoaccomplishcertaingoalsandtasks.Itsadjustmenttoactioncanbemanifestedasinitiatingandcarryingoutcertainactionsorbehaviors,orasstoppingandeliminatingcertainactionsorbehaviors.

Basicmeaning

Thewillisthepsychologicalprocessofapersonconsciouslydeterminingthepurpose,controllingtheaction,overcomingdifficulties,andachievingthepurpose.Thatis,thementalprocessofhumanthoughtprocessisseeninaction.Unconsciousinstinctiveactivities,blindimpulses,orsomehabitualactionsdonotcontainorhaveverylittlewill.

Intention,astateofmentalactivity.Aspiration,afirmbeliefandpersistenceinthedirectionofthegoal.Willisakindofmentalactivity(includingsubconsciousmentalactivity)thathasadirectionandfaithtoachieveagoal.

Thepsychologicalphenomenonthathumanbeingsareconscious,purposefulandplannedtoregulateandcontroltheirownactions.Theprocessincludesthedecisionphaseandtheexecutionphase.Thedecisionstagereferstochoosingasignificantmotiveasthepurposeoftheactionanddeterminingthemethodtoachievethatpurpose.Theimplementationstageistheprocessofovercomingdifficultiesandfirmlyputtingtheplanintoeffect.

Themoderatingroleofwillincludesinitiatingactionsthatareconsistentwiththeintendedpurposeandrestrainingdesiresandactionsthatcontradicttheintendedpurpose.

Humanactionsaremainlyconsciousandpurposefulactions.Whenengagedinvariouspracticalactivities,usuallybasedontheunderstandingofobjectivelaws,firstdeterminethepurposeoftheactioninthemind,andthenchoosethemethodaccordingtothepurpose,organizetheaction,exertaninfluenceontheobjectivereality,andfinallyachievethegoal.

Thewillisthepsychologicalprocessbywhichpeopleconsciouslydeterminethepurposeanddominatetheiractionstoachievethepredeterminedpurpose."TheDictionaryofPsychology"writes:"Thewillisthementalprocessinwhichanindividualconsciouslydeterminesthepurpose,andadjustsandcontrolshisownactionsaccordingtothepurpose,overcomesdifficulties,andachievesapredeterminedgoal."

InourlifeandworkOften,decision-making,planning,implementation,andevenentertainmentandrecreationalbehaviorsrequiretheparticipationofdifferentlevelsofwillprocess,butitdoesnotmeanthatalloftheseneedto"overcomedifficulties",orthatthereisafeelingofdifficulty.

Furthermore,ifthereissuchafeelingofdifficultyandembarrassment,itisapsychologicalprocessofwill,whichisexactlythesameassayingthatpeoplewillhaveaprocessofwillwhentheyfeeldifficultorunwillingtocontribute.Thisispreciselyinconsistentwiththefactualexistenceofthementalprocessofwill.

Thewillistheconcentratedexpressionofhumanconsciousinitiative,anditisauniquepsychologicalphenomenonofhumanbeings.Itismanifestedintheactionsofpeopleactivelychangingreality,andhascontrolandregulationeffectsonbehaviors(includingexternalactionsandinternalmentalstates),suchasinitiating,persisting,stopping,andchanging.

Humanactionsaredeterminedbyvariousmotives,whicharegeneratedtoensuresurvivalandsatisfyvariousneeds.Whenapersonrealizesthatheorthesocietyhasacertainneed,hewillhavethedesiretosatisfytheneed,andfurtherconsciouslydeterminethegoalpursued,drawupaplantoachievethegoal,andtakeaction.

Thiskindofactionisalwaysdominatedbyconsciousregulation,isconscious,directedtoacertaingoal,andisconnectedwiththeobstaclesencounteredintryingtoovercomethegoal.Thepsychologicalprocessfromgeneratingmotivationtotakingactioniswill.

Thevolitionalactionisdifferentfromtheinstinctiveactivitythatisbornwithandtheinvoluntaryactionthatlacksconsciouscontrol,butbelongstothehigh-levelactivityinitiatedandregulatedbytheconsciousness.People'slife,study,andlaborareallpurposefulandarbitraryactions,andtheyareallvolitionalactionspeculiartohumanbeings.

Theessenceofwillis:people'ssubjectivereflectionoftheirownbehaviorrelations.Itconstitutesthethirdbasicformofhumansubjectiveconsciousness.

Základní formuláře

Znalosti (to znamená poznání), cítění (to znamená emoce) a záměr (to znamená vůle) jsou tři základní formy lidské činnosti a subjektivní povědomí lidí o světě Proces se obvykle dělí do tří stupňů:

První kognitivní fáze. Účelem je vyřešit problém „co“ nebo „jaké skutečnosti“. Lidé musí nejprve porozumět vnějším charakteristikám (nebo vnějším souvislostem) a vnitřním zákonům (vnitřní neexistenci) věcí, tedy nejprve porozumět tomu, „jaké.

Druhá fáze hodnocení. Účelem je vyřešit problém „k čemu se používá“ nebo „jaká je hodnota“. Pouze když lidé chápou „co je“ a „jakou hodnotu“, mohou vědět, jak proti nim provést nápravná opatření.

Thethirdisthewill(ordecision-making)stage.Thepurposeistosolvetheproblemof"whattodo"or"whatbehaviortoimplement".Inviewofthequalitycharacteristicsofthingsandthevalueofeachqualitycharacteristictopeople,peoplewillchoosethemostappropriatebehaviorinordertobeabletofullyandeffectivelyusethevaluecharacteristicsofthings.

Hodnocení bez "poznání"jesnadnéhodnocení,vůle bez "poznání"je slepá vůle;poznání bez "hodnocení"je druhem otupělého poznání.Vůle bez"hodnocení"jejakási nudnávůle;poznání bez"vůle"jeprázdnépoznáníabez"hodnocení"hodnocenísužitím

TwoAspects

Thewillincludestwoaspectsofperceptualwillandrationalwill.Perceptualwillreferstothewillthatpeopleusetowithstandperceptualstimulation.Itreflectstherestraintandexcitementabilityofpeopleinpracticalactivities.Forexample,physicallaborneedstoovercomethebody’smusclepain,breathingdifficulties,bloodvesseldilation,nervoustension,etc.Perceptualdifficultiesandobstacles.

Rationalwillreferstothewillthatpeopleusetowithstandrationalstimuli.Itreflectspeople’sabilitytorestrainandexcitethestimulationofthesecondsignalsysteminpracticalactivities,suchasmentalworkthatneedstoovercomethecerebralcortextoacceptReasonabledifficultiesandobstacles,suchasconfusion,mentalpressure,moodswings,lossoffaith,etc.,causedbythestimulationofthesecondsignalsystem.

Willmustconsidernotonlythestateofmotionandthelawofchangeofobjectivethings,butalsotheinterestneedsofthesubject,especiallytheabilityofpeopletoreacttoobjectivethings.Itisakindofnon-neutralandActiveandcreativereflectionactivities.

Dialektický vztah mezi kognitivními emocemi a vůlí

Tosumup,thethreebasichumansubjectivementalactivities(cognition,emotionandwill)Respectivelyreflectthethreebasicobjectivethings(factualrelationship,valuerelationshipandbehaviorrelationship).Inordertosurviveanddevelop,peoplemustfirstperceiveandunderstandthefactualrelationshipofvariousthings,secondly,graspthevaluerelationshipofthesethingstopeople,andthengraspthevaluerelationshipofeachbehaviorandjudge,select,organizeandimplementthebestActionplan.

Thefirststepiscompletedbycognitiveactivities,thesecondstepiscompletedbyemotionalactivities,andthethirdstepiscompletedbyvolitionalactivities.Therefore,fromcognitiontoemotion,andthenfromemotiontowill,itisaThebasicandindivisiblepipelineofhumanself-controlbehavior.

Dialektický vztah mezi znalostmi, náklonností a úmyslem (tedy poznáním, emocemi a vůlí) zásadně závisí na dialektickém vztahu mezi skutečností, hodnotou a chováním.

1.Emotionisaspecialkindofcognition,andwillisaspecialkindofemotion.Themeaningoftheobjectforhumanexistenceanddevelopmentisalsoarelationalattributeoftheobject.Onlybecauseithasaspecialmeaningcanitbedistinguishedfromotherrelationalattributes.Therefore,thevaluerelationshipisaspecialfactualrelationship,andtheemotionisaspecialkindofrelationship.Thecognition;essentialpowerisoneofthemostimportantvalueattributesofhumanbeings.Onlybecauseithasaspecialmeaningcanitbedistinguishedfromordinaryvalueattributes.

Therefore,thebehaviorrelationshipisaspecialvaluerelationship,andthewillisaspecialemotion.Fromabroadperspective,knowledge,emotion,andintentionareallcognitiveactivities,buteachfocusesondifferentperspectives.Emotionfocusesoncognitionfromtheperspectiveofmeaning,andwillfocusesoncognitionfromtheperspectiveofbehavioraleffects.

2.Poznání,emoce abudou se od sebe lišit.Hlavní rozdíl je:poznání se obecně objevuje ve formě abstraktního, přesného a logického uvažování, emoce se obecně objevují v intuitivní, nejasné a nelogické formě a obecně se nyní objevují ve formě ekce, jak je eklektický pohyb, jak je lekce hlavní, jak je hlavní, náhodný, hlavní "jak na to".

Ifemotionsandcognitionareseparated,emotionswillhavenoobjectivebasisandbecome"publiclyandrationally,andmother-in-lawisrational."Ifyouconfuseemotionandcognition,thenItwillmakeemotionloseitsfairnessandbecome"thewinneristheking,andtheloseristheinvader";ifemotionandwillareseparated,emotionwillbecomeemptyemotion;ifemotionandwillareconfused,againMakeemotionsbecomeconfusedemotions.

3. Poznání, emoce a budou vzájemně závislé a propojené.

Withoutfactualrelationship,valuerelationshipbecomespassivewater;withoutvaluerelationship,behaviorrelationshipalsobecomespassivewater.Therefore,cognitionisthesourceofemotion,andemotionisthesourceofwill.

Factualrelationsareguidedbyvaluerelations,andvaluerelationsareguidedbybehavioralrelations.Therefore,cognitionisguidedbyemotion,andemotionisguidedbywill.

Emotionisfirstgraduallyseparatedfromcognition,whichinturnpromotesthedevelopmentofcognition,andwillisfirstgraduallyseparatedfromemotion,whichinturnpromotesthedevelopmentofemotion;Knowledge,emotion,andwillinfiltrateandinteractwitheachother,asaprerequisiteforeachother,anddeveloptogether.

Charakteristika kvality

Někteří lidé jsou nerozhodní při rozhodování,nepořádné pracovní plány,jednoduché a neslušné chování,výbuchy emocí,které se těžko ovládají,životní styl je chtivý po radosti,pracovní výkon není podnikavý,necítí žádný pohyb, ale nevnímají jej

Willisaspecialkindofemotiondirectedatbehavioralactivities.Itisauniqueformofhumanmentalactivity.Itenableshumanstohaveahighdegreeofinitiativeandcreativity,whichisfundamentallydifferentfromotherlow-levelemotions.animal.

Thequalitycharacteristicofwillisthedynamiccharacteristicofwillintheprocessofdrivinghumanbehavior.Itmainlydependsonthedynamiccharacteristicofthechangeofthesubject’sbehaviorvaluerelationship,reflectingthepurposeofhumanbehaviorvalue.Performance,hierarchy,strength,externalstability,internalstability,efficiency,meticulousness,etc.

Runtheprogram

Willisthesubjectivereflectionofthevaluerelationshipofone'sownbehavior.Specifically,itisthesubjectivereflectionofthehumanbrain'svaluerateofone'sownbehavior.ItsobjectiveThepurposeistoguidethesubjecttoselect,implement,evaluateandmodifytheirownbehaviorsaccordingtothevaluereturnrateofvariousbehaviors(thatis,thesizeofthebehaviorvalueratedifference),sothatthesubjectcanobtainthemaximumbenefitattheleastcost.

Theoperationprocedureofvolitionalactivitycanberoughlydividedintofivestages.

1.Theestablishmentofvaluegoals.Peopleusuallyhaveanumberofvalueneedsinacertainperiodoftime,andcorrespondingsubjectivedesireswillbeformedinthebrain.Thesatisfactionofthesedesiresisembodiedintheacquisitionorvalueofacertainvaluething(suchasfood,money,statusorlove)Thephysiologicalmechanismoftherealizationofthegoalisthatthecorrespondingexcitatoryfociinthecerebralcortexofacertainvaluegoal(orvalue-neededtarget)arelockedandstimulated.

2.Thedesignoftheoverallplan.Peoplecandesignanoverallplanforthedeterminedvaluegoals,andarrangetheworkofeachstageandeachlink.Sinceanyvaluegoalmustberealizedbyimplementingaseriesofcomplexbehaviors,theworkofeachstageandeachlinkcanberegardedasacomplexbehavior.

Thisseriesofcomplexbehaviorscanberegardedasasuper-complexbehavior,sotheoverallplanningdesignprocessisactuallyasuper-complexbehaviordesignprocess.Specifically,itistoarrangeandcombinemultiplecomplexbehaviorsaccordingtodifferentstructuralmethods,calculatethevaluerateofeachpermutationandcombination,andthencompareandselecttheultra-complexbehaviorwiththelargestvaluerate.

Thephysiologicalmechanismis:Afteracertainvaluetargetisstimulatedinthecorrespondingareaof​​thecerebralcortex,itwillcauseastrongemotionalexperience.Thisexcitementwillaffectseveralcomplexitiesinthefrontallobe.Thebehavioralexcitementstoveproducesastrongattraction,whichiscombinedintoanewexcitementgroupaccordingtoacertainstructure.Theprincipleofcombinationistomaximizethecombinedexcitementintensityasmuchaspossible,sothatvariouscomplexbehaviorscanbecoordinated.Andproduceultra-complexbehaviorswithextremelyhighvaluerates.

Thisprocessisoftenrepeatedmanytimes.Then,comparemultiplesuper-complexbehaviorswithamaximumvaluerate,andfinallydetermineasuper-complexbehaviorwiththemaximumvaluerateastherealizationofthisAnoverallplanforvaluegoals.

3.Theformulationofimplementationrules.Aftertheoverallplanisdetermined,specificarrangementsneedtobemadeforeachstageandeachlinkofthework.Thisistheformulationoftheimplementationrules.Foreachspecificcomplexbehaviorthatconstitutesanultra-complexbehavior,itusuallyrequiresmultiplesimplebehaviorstobecoordinatedandcompletedinacertainstructure.Therefore,theformulationprocessoftheimplementationrulesisactuallythedesignprocessofeachcomplexbehavior.

Specifically,itistoarrangeandcombinemultiplesimplebehaviorsaccordingtodifferentstructuralmethods,andcalculatethevaluerateofeachpermutationandcombination,andthencompareandselectthecomplexwiththelargestvaluerate.behavior.

Thephysiologicalmechanismis:accordingtotheoverallplan,acertainstage,acertainlinkcorrespondingtoacertaincomplexbehavior,whentheexcitatoryfocusofthecorrespondingareainthecerebralcortexisstimulated,itwillcauseastrongEmotionalexperience,thisexcitementstovewillhaveastrongattractiontoseveralsimplebehaviorexcitementstovesinthefrontalarea,sothattheycanbecombinedintoanewgroupofexcitementstovesaccordingtoacertainstructure.

Theprincipleofcombinationistomaximizetheintensityofthecombinedexcitementasmuchaspossible,sothatvarioussimplebehaviorscanbecoordinatedandproducecomplexbehaviorswithamaximumvaluerate.

Thisprocessisoftenrepeatedmanytimes.Then,multiplecomplexbehaviorswithamaximumvalueratearecompared,andfinallyacomplexbehaviorwiththemaximumvaluerateisdeterminedastheoverallplan.Implementationrulesforacertainstageandacertainlinkofwork.

4.Implementationofspecificbehaviors.Aftertheimplementationrulesaredetermined,eachspecificbehaviorneedstobeimplemented.Foreachspecificsimplebehaviorthatconstitutesacomplexbehavior,itusuallyrequiresmultipleinstinctiveactions(unconditionedreflexorfirst-levelconditionedreflex)tobecoordinatedandcompletedinacertainstructure,sotheimplementationprocessofspecificactionsisactuallyeverysimplebehaviordesigningprocess.

Specifically,itistoarrangeandcombinemultipleinstinctualbehaviorsaccordingtodifferentstructuralmethods,andcalculatethevaluerateofeachpermutationandcombination,andthencompareandselectthesimplebehavior.

Thephysiologicalmechanismis:accordingtotheimplementationrules,aftereachsimplebehaviorisstimulatedinthecorrespondingareaof​​thecerebralcortex,itwillcauseastrongemotionalexperience.Thisexcitementwillaffectthefrontalarea.Theexcitementofseveralinstinctivebehaviorsproducesstrongattraction.Thisprocessisoftenrepeatedmanytimes.Then,comparemultiplesimplebehaviorswithamaximumvaluerate,andfinallydetermineasimplebehaviorwiththemaximumvaluerate.Behaviorasaspecificactiontoimplementtheimplementationdetails.

5.Modificationofthepowercharacteristicsofthewill.Peoplehaveawillforeachoftheirownbehaviors(super-complexbehaviors,complexbehaviors,simplebehaviors,andinstinctivebehaviors).Sincewillisasubjectiveestimateofthevalueoftheirbehavior,theremustbemoreLesserrorsrequireconstantcorrection.

Takethemodificationofcomplexbehaviorasanexample.Theprocedureformodificationofwillis:beforeapersonimplementsacomplexbehavior,healwaysanalyzesthevaluerateofallrelatedsimplebehaviors,andonthisbasisThevaluerateoftheentirecomplexbehaviorproducesapredictedvalue.Aftercomparingitwiththeperson'smedianvaluerate,thewilltoimplementthiscomplexbehaviorisformedinthehumanbrain.

Aftercompletingthiscomplexbehavior,peoplewillcomparetheactualvalueofitsvalueratewiththepredictedvalue.Ifthereisanobviouserror,itwillpredictthevaluerateofoneormoresimplebehaviors.Valueorwillbecorrected.

Thepriorityorderofcorrectionis:firstmodifythewilltorelativelyunfamiliar,neworrelativelyunclearsimplebehavior;iftherearemorethantwounfamiliarsimplebehaviors,thenmodifythelow-valuelevelfirstIftherearemorethantwounfamiliarlow-levelsimplebehaviors,firstmodifythewilltousethelarger-scalesimplebehavior.

Willpower

Atpresent,itisgenerallybelievedthatthereisonlyonelifesciencereferenceelementbesidestheintelligencequotient:theemotionalquotient(thatis,theemotionalquotientEQ).TheemotionalquotientisoftenmoreTheintelligencequotientismoreimportant.Itdeterminesthesuccessorfailureofaperson'smarriage,career,andinterpersonalrelationship.

Ve skutečnosti kromě „IQ“ a „Emočního kvocientu“ existuje ještě třetina nezávislých referenčních elementů životní vědy, což je „IQ“, které se liší od IQ a EQ..

Allhumancognitionactivitiescanbedecomposedintothreerelativelyindependentpsychologicalactivitiesofknowledge,affection,andintention.Thecomprehensivepsychologicalqualityofapersoncanalsobedecomposedintothreerelativelyindependentpsychologicalqualities:cognitivequality((Orintellectualquality),emotionalqualityandwillquality,theyareusedtoreflectpeople'sabilitytorecognizefactualrelationships,valuerelationships,andpracticalrelationships,respectively.

Úroveň kvality vůle závisí na míře, s jakou subjektivní reflexí praktických vztahů lidí (koncipují, plány, plány, opatření, vytrvalost atd.) jsou v souladu se skutečným stavem, včetně rozhodnosti, sebevědomí a sebekontroly, jako konkrétní plány, jako konkrétní plány, atd. a pevné chování.

Thequalityofaperson'swillcanbedescribedbytheparameter"intentionalquotient",whichdependsontheratiooftheageoftheperson'swilltoitsactualage.Peoplewithhigherintentionscanaccuratelyandstrictlycontroltheintensity,stability,flexibility,frequencyorprobabilityoftheirvariousactivities,thescopeofinvolvement,andtheobjectsofaction,etc.,andaccuratelyestimate,fullygrasp,anddeeplyunderstandThepositiveandnegativeeffectsthatyourownactivitiesmayproduce,sothatyoucancorrectlyanddecisivelymakecorrespondingbehavioraldecisionsandimplementthemeffectively.

Hecanfighttenaciouslyandretreatinrapids.Heisbothprincipledandflexible,creativeandinherited;heisgoodatsummingupexperienceandlessons,anddoesnotmakerepetitivemistakes;heisgoodatthegoldenmean,Hedoesnotcommitleft-leaningandaggressivemistakes,norright-leaningconservativemistakes;hecanmaintainthecontinuityandstabilityofhiscodeofconductandethics,andheisnotarrogantorhumble,leadsbyexample,consistentwordsanddeeds,andkeepshispromises;Heisquickanddecisiveindecision-making,hastenaciousperseveranceandperseverance;heisbroad-minded,strictindiscipline,andhasastrongsenseofsocialresponsibilityandsacrifice;etc.

Tři zákony

Williszvláštní forma emocí, která se také řídí třemi zákony intenzity emocí, jmenovitě:

Thefirstlawofwillintensity(ieLawofproportionallogarithmofstrengthofwill):Thestrengthofwillisproportionaltothelogarithmofthevaluerateofone'sownbehavior.

Thesecondlawofwillstrength(thatis,thelawofmarginaleffectofwillstrength):thestrengthofwilldecreaseswiththeincreaseoftheactivityscaleofone'sownbehavior.

Thethirdlawofwillstrength(thatis,thelawoftimedecayofwillstrength):thestrengthofwilldecreasesexponentiallywiththeincreaseofthedurationofone'sownbehavior.

Thegreaterthedifferenceinthevaluerateofaperson’sownbehavior,accordingtothefirstlawofwillstrength,thegreaterthewillstrengthitproduces,themoreoftenandonalargescalepeoplewilldevelopthisbehaviorAtthesametime,accordingtothesecondlawofstrengthofwill,itsvalueratewillgraduallydecreaseandapproachthemedianvaluerateofpeople,andthewillgeneratedbyitwillgraduallydeclineandeventuallydisappear,thusreflectingthethirdstrengthofwilllaw.

Logický vztah

Logický vztah mezi znalostmi, náklonností a úmyslem lze prozkoumat z různých úhlů pohledu.

1.Fromtheperspectiveofphilosophicalcategory:emotionisaspecialkindofcognition,includedinthecategoryofgeneralizedcognition;willisaspecialkindofemotion,includedinthecategoryofgeneralizedemotion.

2.Fromtheperspectiveofphysiologicalmechanism:cognitionisthesumoftheneuralconnectionsestablishedbetweentheexcitementinducedbythestimulationsignalsofgeneralthingsinthecorrespondingareaof​​thecerebralcortexandothersurroundingnervetissues(excludingthelimbicsystemandreticularstructure);emotion;Itisthesumoftheexcitatoryfociandtheneuralconnectionsestablishedbythelimbicsystemandreticularstructureinducedbythestimulussignalsofvaluethingsinthecorrespondingareasofthecerebralcortex;thewillistheexcitatoryfociandedgesinducedbythestimulussignalsofbehavioralactivitiesinthecorrespondingareasofthecerebralcortex.Thesumoftheneuralconnectionsestablishedbythesystemandthenetworkstructure.

3.Judgingfromtheorderofoccurrence:firstcognition,thenemotion,andfinallyformationofwill.Ifthereisnobasicunderstandingofthings,itisimpossibletoproduceanyemotion;withoutthebasicemotionofthings,itisimpossibletoproduceanywill.

4.Fromtheperspectiveoffunctionalcontrol:thewillcontrolstheemotion,andtheemotioncontrolsthecognition.Thecontrolofwillonemotionisnotthenegationandsuppressionofemotion,butthecomprehensiveuseandoverallconsiderationofemotion,sothatpeoplewillnotcareabouteachotherorlosebalanceinvariousemotions;similarly,thecontrolofemotiononcognitionisnotoncognition.Thenegationanddepressionofcognition,butthecoordinationandorganizationofcognition,sothatcognitionwillnotbeblindandbusy.

5.Fromtheperspectiveofevolutionarytiming:emotionsevolvefromcognition,andwillevolvefromemotions.Emotionasaspecialcognitionisseparatedfromgeneralcognition;willasaspecialemotionisseparatedfromgeneralemotion.

6.Fromafunctionalbasis:cognitionprovidesafunctionalbasisforemotion,andemotionprovidesafunctionalbasisforwill.Ifthereisnocognitivefunction,itisimpossibletoproduceanyemotion;ifthereisnoemotionalfunction,itisimpossibletoproduceanywill.

7.Fromthepointofviewofvaluepurpose:emotionmakescognitionhavepurpose,sothatcognitioncandevelopinaccordancewithhumanvalueneeds;willmakesemotionhavepurpose,sothatemotioncandevelopinaccordancewithhumanvalueneeds.Withouttheguidanceofemotions,people’scognitiveactivitiesareendless,andpeoplewillknowwhattheyencounter;withouttheguidanceofwill,people’semotionalactivitiesareblindandcontrolledbyinstinct.,Low-levelfun.

TheWillProcess

Popis

TheWillProcessse skládá ze dvou fází, jmenovitě z fáze rozhodování a fáze provádění.

Decisionphase

Thedecisionphaseofthewillisalsothepreparationphaseofthewillaction.Inthisstage,wemustfirstsolvetheproblemofmotivationalstruggle,andthendeterminethepurposeoftheactionandchoosethemethodtoachievethegoal.Anyvolitionalactionisrelatedtoacertainmotivation,andmotivationisrelatedtoneed.Motivationisthedesires,intentions,beliefs,ideals,etc.thatarisefromneeds.Theyaretheinternalcausesandmotivationsofthewilltoact,anddeterminethenatureanddirectionofaperson'saction.

Beforemakingadecision,thereisgenerallyamotivationtofight.Duetothecomplexityofpeople'sthoughtsanddesires,twoormoremotivesoftenappearatthesametime.Therefore,hemusthaveachoice,thatis,tofightformotives,inordertogiveupsomesecondarymotivesthatareoflittlesignificancetohimatthemoment.Andchooseamotivethatisofgreatsignificancetohimasthepurposeoftheaction.

Whatkindofchoiceapersonmakesformotivationwilloftenreflecthisthoughts,opinionsandpositions,aswellashowhetreatsthecontradictionbetweencollectiveinterestsandpersonalinterests.Afterthepurposeoftheactionisclear,themethodsandmeanstoachievethepurposecanbefurtherselectedandtheactionplancanbedrawnup.Asforwhethertheselectedmethodsandapproachesarereasonable,andwhetherthedefiniteactionplanisfeasible,thisisagainrelatedtotheintellectualfactorsinvolitionalactivities.

Theimplementationphase

referstotheprocessofputtingtheactionplanintorealization.Intheexecutionphase,thequalityofwillismanifestedinthefirmimplementationoftheactionplan.Strivetoovercomevariousdifficultiesencounteredsubjectivelyandobjectively.Ifyouencounterobstaclesintheimplementationoftheoriginalplanandgiveuphalfway,thisisasignofweakness.

Thewillisproducedbyhumanbeingsinthepracticeofsociallifewiththeproductionofspeechandconsciousness.Itisamanifestationofconsciousnessactivelyreactingtoobjectivereality,anditisaproductofsociety.Newbornshavenowill,butastheygraduallymasterspeech,developself-awareness,andappearsubjectivedesires,willbegintoact.Voluntaryexerciseisthebasisofvolitionalactivity.Speechhasthefunctionofabstractionandgeneralization.Peoplecanusewordstoextracttheknowledgeandexperiencestoredinthebrain,generatevariousmotivesandneeds,determinethepurposeofaction,drawupanactionplan,andperformvolitionalactivities.

Humanpsychologyistheunityofknowledge,affection,andintention.Thethreepromote,influenceandpenetrateeachother.Willisbasedonknowledgeanddevelopswiththedevelopmentofknowledge.Onlybyknowingthedifferenceandrelationshipbetweenthesubjectandtheobject,andknowingthechanginglawsofobjectivethings,canpeopleconsciouslydeterminethepurposeofactionaccordingtotheobjectivelawsandcarryoutvolitionalactions.

Therefore,freedomofwillisbasedonthepremiseofcorrectunderstandingofobjectivereality,andpeoplecancontinuouslyimprovetheircognitiveabilitywhiletransformingtheobjectiveworld.Inmanycases,thevolitionalprocessiscloselyrelatedtohumanemotions.Nobleemotionscanbecomethemotiveforceofthewill,andthenegativeemotionsoftenbecometheresistanceofthewill.

Charakteristiky vůle

1.Účel dobrovolného jednání:Lidská vůle má jasný účel,nemůže pouze spustit určité akce,které odpovídajíúčelu,alezastavítakéakce,kterénesplňujíúčel,,,,. úroveň výkonu vůle.

2.Willactionisrelatedtoovercomingdifficulties:theprocessofovercomingdifficultiesisalsotheprocessofwillaction.Therearetwokindsofdifficulties:externaldifficultiesandinternaldifficulties.Whetheraperson'swillisstrongornot,andhowstrongitis,ismeasuredbythenatureofthedifficultiesandthedifficultyofovercomingthem.

3.Volitionalactionsarebasedonrandomactions:Humanactionsarecomposedofactions,andtherearetwotypesofactions,involuntaryactionsandrandomactions.Involuntaryactionsareactionsthathavenopredeterminedpurpose,andrandomactionsareactionsthathaveapredeterminedpurposeandareguidedbyconsciousness.Withrandomactions,peoplecanorganize,controlandadjustaseriesofactionsaccordingtothepurposetoachievetheintendedpurpose.Randomactionisanecessarypartofvolitionalactionandthebasisofvolitionalaction.

Tréninkový proces

Začněte s maličkostmi, abyste procvičili svou vůli

Abyste kultivovali svou vůli, měli byste začít s maličkostmi, nepovažujte to za maličkosti za pohrdavou pozornost, je to přesně malá věc, která odráží vůli člověka.

ThemiddleschoolstudentisincontrolIntheknowledgestage,youshouldbegoodatcultivatingyourownwillwithregardtothesmallthingsaroundyou,suchastakingcareofhygieneasanexample,notspittingorthrowingdebrisanywhere,flushingaftergoingtothetoilet,etc.Thesmallthingsinlifeareeverywhere.Lookingbackatyourownweaknessesandshortcomings,persistinovercomingthem,startwithsmallthings,andperseverefromnowon,sothatyoucancultivateyourownqualityofwill.

Použití učení ke zlepšení síly vůle

Workinghardandmasteringknowledgeandskillsaretheprimarytasksofmiddleschoolstudents.Learningrequireswillpower,andlearningisalsoawaytoexercisewillpower.Setagoalforyourself,persistinlearning,persevere,andimproveyourwill.

Úplné úkoly, které jsou obtížné a v rámci možností nikoho

Thetasksaretoosimple,tooeasy,cannotstimulatethestrengthtoovercomedifficulties,anddonotexercisethewillIfitistoodifficult,nomatterhowhardyoutry,youcan’tsucceed,itwillblowyourself-confidence,andyouwillnotbeabletoexerciseyourwill.Inordertocultivatethewilltoexercise,oneshouldconsciouslycompletesomedifficulttaskswithinone'sability.

Forexample,studentswithpoormathematicsshouldsetthetargetat70pointsormore;forthosewithabetterfoundation,theyshouldbeonthesamelevelas85pointsormore.Therefore,youcanachievethepurposeofexercisingyourwillbydeterminingappropriategoalsandperformingtaskswithacertaindegreeofdifficulty.

Nezapomeňte se zúčastnit fyzického cvičení

Fyzické cvičení je dobrý způsob, jak procvičit kvalitu vůle, jako je běh na dlouhé vzdálenosti. Je obtížné udržet běh bez jisté vůle Ano, horolezectví, plavání, fotbal, shyby, švihadlo, basketbal, Gople‘atd.

Podle vlastností vlastní vůle a kvality navrhněte odpovídající metody cvičení

Differentpeople’swillandqualityhavedifferentcharacteristics,andmiddleschoolstudentsshouldbebasedontheirowncharacteristicsofwillDesigncorrespondingexercisemethodstoachievebetterresults.Forexample,somepeoplecanpersistincompletingthepainstakingandcomplicatedwork,butiftheyaresickandwanttogetaninjection,theyareveryafraidandoftencannotfollowthedoctor'sadvicetocompletetheinjectiontreatment.

Therearemanypeoplewhoendurehardshipsandstandhardwork.Somepeoplecanworktirelesslyandhardintheirstudies,buttheylackpatienceformanydetailsinlife.Therefore,tocultivateone'sownwill,oneshoulddesigncorrespondingexercisemethods,overcomeone'sownweaknesses,andbecomeapersonwithstrongwillandquality.

Zlepšete sílu vůle s pomocí skupinového života

Manygroupactivitiescancultivatepeople’swillpower.Forexample,groupclimbingandpicnicscanmakepeopleweaker.Ofstudentsgeteffectsthatarenotusuallyexercised,suchasparticipatinginaballgamecollectively.Thepowerofthecollectivecanmakeaperson'swillpowerincreasefaster,andthepowerofthecollectivecanturnaweakintoastrong.

Úloha vůle

1.Rozšíří a prohloubí poznávací aktivity.

Thewillisgeneratedonthebasisofhumancognitionandemotionalactivities.Atthesametime,cognitionactivitiesarealsoinseparablefromtheroleofwill,whichmakescognitionactivitiesbroaderanddeeper.Incognitionactivities,themaintenanceofintentionalattention,therationalorganizationofperception,andthedevelopmentofproblem-solvingthinkingactivitiesallrequirehumanwill,effortandwillaction.Atthesametime,positivevolitionalqualitiessuchasself-consciousnessandperseverancecanpromotethedevelopmentofhumancognitiveability.

2.Bude regulovat lidské emoce a emoce.

Firstofall,emotionsandemotionsaffectvolitionalbehavior.Positiveemotionsandemotionsarethedrivingforceofvolitionalaction,andnegativeemotionsaretheresistancetovolitionalbehavior.Secondly,thewillregulatesandcontrolsemotionsandemotions.Astrong-willedpersoncancontrolandovercometheinterferenceofnegativeemotions,whichisthatemotionsobeyreasonandcarryoutwillfulactionstotheend.Onthecontrary,thosewithweakwilltendtobecomecaptivesofemotions,makingtheirwillactionsunsustainable.

3.Vůle velkého významu sebekultivace lidí.

Kvalita vůle

Constitutesomerelativelystableaspectsofhumanwill

1.Independence:Peopledonotsuccumbtothepressureofthepeoplearoundthem,donotfollowthetrend,andcanindependentlytakedecisionsandexecutedecisionsbasedontheirownknowledgeandbeliefs.

Thedifferencebetweenitandarbitraryandsuggestiveliesintheindividual'scognition.Abilityandself-confidence

2. Rozhodnost: Schopnost přijímat dobře podložená rozhodnutí včas a implementovat promyšlený základ

Thedifferencebetweenarbitraryandarbitraryliesintheresult,whichistheoppositeofindecision

3. Pevnost: také nazývaná houževnatost. Držte se racionálnosti svého vlastního rozhodnutí po dlouhou dobu a neúnavně pracujte na realizaci rozhodnutí.

Havingacleardirectionofaction,thedifferencefrompersistenceisonlyintheresult

4. Sebekontrola: dobré zvládnutí a kontrola vlastních skutků, projevuje se také v úpravě emocionálního stavu v hlavě

Nezávislost a rozhodnost rozhodování+pevnost při provádění=sebeovládání

FrusrationinWillAction

1.Themeaningoffrustration:theindividual’svolitionalbehaviorisinterferedorhinderedbyinsurmountable,akindoftensionandemotionalresponsewhenthepredeterminedgoalcannotbeachieved

frustrationhasthreemeanings,namelyfrustrationsituationandfrustrationrecognitionKnowing,frustratingbehavior

2.Theformationoffrustrationsituation:Frustrationsituationisthevariousobstaclesandinterferencefactorsthatmakethegoalimpossibletoachieve.Insummary,itcanbedividedintosubjectivefactorsandobjectivefactors.

Subjectivefactorsarethephysicalandpsychologicalfactorsoftheindividual;Factorsmainlyincludenaturalandsocialenvironmentalfactors.

3.Frustrationresponse:Theindividual’sresponsetofrustrationismanifestedinthreeaspects,namelyemotionalresponse,intellectualresponseandpersonalitychange

Emoční odezva se projevuje jako silná vnitřní zkušenost nebo specifická reakce na chování, jako je lhostejnost, degenerace, tvrdohlavost atd.

Intellectualresponse-theperformanceofvolitionalaction,judgingthesituation,beingproactive,goingforwardcourageously,andunswervinglytowardthegoal

Changesinpersonality-continuingOramajorsetbackcanevenfixthefrustrationreaction,formhabitsandpersonalitycharacteristics,andaffecttheformationanddevelopmentofpersonality

4.Frustrationtolerance:Whetheryoucanwithstandfrustrationisnotonlydeterminedbytheindividual’smentalitywhenexperiencingfrustration,butalsoontheindividual’sawareness,evaluationandunderstandingoffrustration,butalsoontheindividual’sattitudetowardsfrustrationandthebehavioralmethodtodealwithfrustration,focusingontheimportantenhancementoffrustrationThefactorsofenduranceareasfollows:

Správně neúspěchy – neúspěchy jsou univerzální, jsou součástí života

Zlepšete scénáře neúspěchů – použijte moudrost k prevenci, změně, odstranění nebo zabránění neúspěchům Kontext

Summingupexperiencesandlessons-beinggoodatsumminguplessonsfromfailuresandfrustrationsofoneselfandothers

Adjustthelevelofambition-tocreateasenseofaccomplishmentintheindividual'slifewithoutfrustration,justPutforwardchallengingstandardssuitableforyourownabilities

Pěstování vůle

1. Formapozitivní a pevný pohled na svět, výhled na život a přesvědčení

2. Osvojte si vědecké znalosti a dovednosti a ujasněte si praktické vzdělávací cíle

3. Kultivoval hluboké a pevné pocity

4.Aktivně se zapojte do různých praktických činností

5. Herní rolemodely

6.Posilujte sebecvičení

7.Cvičte vůli podle vlastních osobnostních charakteristik

Regulatoryfunction

Theregulatingfunctionofwillonactionensuresthedirectionalityofhumanbehavior,andthefinalresultoftheadjustmentistherealizationofthepredeterminedpurpose.

Theregulatingeffectofwillonactionismanifestedintheinitiationandinhibitionofcognitiveaction.

Theperformanceofmobilizationistopromotepeopletoengageinbehaviorstoachieveapredeterminedpurpose.

Suppressionismanifestedinthesuppressionofdesiresandactionsthatcontradicttheintendedpurpose.

Whenreasonandfeelingsareinconflict,thepowerofwillisreflectedincontrollingone'sactionsandsubmittingtoreason.

Thecourseofaction

Fáze rozhodování

Obecně zahrnuje motivační boj, určování akčních cílů, výběr akčních metod, přijímání akčních rozhodnutí atd. Odkaz.

Fáze rozhodnutí o implementaci

Wemustnotonlyadheretothepredeterminedgoalsandplannedbehavioralprocedures,butalsostopthoseactionsthatarenotconducivetoachievingthegoals.

Vzájemné vztahy

Vůle, poznávání a emocionální aktivity spolu úzce souvisejí a navzájem se liší:

Theobjectiveworldandsocialpracticearethesourceofthepowerofwill.Theprocessofknowingistheprerequisiteandfoundationofemotionandwill.Withoutthecognitiveprocess,therewillbenoemotionandwillprocess.

Emotionhasanimportanteffectoncognitionandvolitionalprocessestoincreaseordecreasepower-itmaybethedrivingforceofcognitionandvolitionalaction,oritmaybeitsresistance.

Inturn,thewillhasamoderatingeffectoncognitiveandemotionalprocesses.Intheprocessofthesecondsignalsystem,thewillplaysanimportantregulatoryrole.

Thethreeinfluenceandinfiltrateeachothertoformaunifiedpsychologicalprocess.