Základní informace
Pinyin:là,zhà,chà
radikál: hmyz
Metoda vstupu Wubi: jajg
Počet úhozů: 14
Objednací číslo zdvihu: 25121412212511
Výklad čínských znaků
vosk (qù)
Thelarvaofthefly."Shuowen·Chongbu":"Wax,fly䏣also."(Note:"䏣"istheorthographiccharacterof"maggot",and"maggot"isavulgarcharacter)
vosk (là)
[Název]
1.Piktofon.CongChong,(liè)zvuk.
2.Theoilproducedbyanimals,mineralsorplantshasplasticity,canburnandmelt,isinsolubleinwater,andisafattyacidesterofmonohydroxyalcoholorsterol.
Svíčka má srdce a loučí se až do úsvitu.——DuMuovo „Sbohem“
Vosková pochodeň se změní v šedou a slzy začnou schnout.——LiShangyin"Bez názvu"
3.Zkratka pro svíčku.
Další příklad: voskový oheň (svíčka); voskový dým (kouř svíček); vosková červeň (květ svíčky); voskové kadidlo (vůně produkovaná při zapálení svíčky); voskové světlo (světlo svíček).
vosk (là)
【Aktivita】
1.Natřete voskem.Jako:voskové olovo (voskované na papíře nebo hadru, aby se zabránilo vlhkosti); vosková kniha (natřené na hedvábí voskem, zkopírováno z obrázkové knihy); voskový papír (papír potažený voskem na povrchu).
2.Seealsozhà.
vosk (zhà)
【Aktivita】
1.Ancientsacrificialnames.TheZhoudynastycelebratesallthingsattheendoftheyear.
2, císařova velká vosková osma.——"Kniha obřadů·Zvláštní oběti na předměstí"
Anotherexample:waxwax(year-endsacrifice);waxaltar(waxsacrificealtar);waxbin(ahelperofyear-endsacrifice);waxrope(YouwaxFestival);WaxTemple(theancestralhallforwaxsacrifices);WaxPalace(apalaceforwaxsacrifices);WaxMoon(referstotheDecemberoftheweekcalendar);WaxDay(thedayoftheyear-endwaxsacrificetotheEightGods);WaxSacrifice( oběť jméno.
3.Seealsolà.
Vysvětlení starých knih
KangxiDictionary
"JiYun" a "ZhengYun"𠀤sedm myšlenek, zvuk覻."SaidWen"je také agal."ZhouLi·QiuGuan·WaxNote"vosk, žluklý vosk,vosk používaný mouchamiahmyzem."
Againtohelpthedrivercut,thesoundissudden.Year-endfestivalname."RitualLiYun"ZhongNiandYuWaBladder."Notes"Xiasaidthesacredceremony,YinsaidJiaping,Zhousaidwax,andQinsaidla."SuburbSpecialSacrifice"isalsoawaxer,soalso.InDecember,gatherallthingstogetherandenjoyit.
Again"YuPian"hassixcuts,andthesoundisfrowning.Insectname.Thewaxofthewaxfestival."GuangYun"maybewritten."LiuShuZhengzheng"fromthesoundofinsects.Don'tmakeamistake,followtheshow,anddon't.
DialectCollection
◎Gandialect:læp5
◎Hakkadialect:[Hailuqiang]za5lap8[MeixianDialect]za5[TaiwanFourCountyDialect]za5lap8[HakkaEnglishDictionary]lap8[Baoanqiang]za5|lap8[HakkaPinyinVocabulary]lab6za4
◎ Kantonština: caa3caai3zaa3
◎ Chaozhoudialekt:lah8
◎p>
Textový výzkum o původu
Thecandleoriginatedfromthetorchoftheprimitiveage.Primitivessmearedfatorwaxonbarkorwoodchipsandbundledthemtogethertomaketorchesforlighting.Thebeeswaxthatappearedaroundthe3rdcenturyBCmaybetheembryonicformofcandles.IntheWest,foraperiodoftime,beeswerekeptinmonasteriesandusedtomakebeeswax.ThiswasmainlybecausetheCatholicsbelievedthatbeeswaxwasasymbolofvirginconception,sobeeswaxwasregardedasapurelightandwasenshrinedonchurchaltars..Judgingfromtheexistingliterature,thetimewhenbeeswaxwasproducedinmycountryisroughlythesameasthatintheWest.JapanwasintroducedfrommycountryduringtheNaraperiod(710-784).Comparedwithmoderncandles,ancientcandleshavemanyshortcomings..LiShangyin,apoetintheTangDynasty,hadapoemsaying"Whyshouldwecutcandlesinthewestwindowtogether".Whydoesthepoetcutthecandle?Atthattime,thecandlecorewastwistedwithcottonthreadandstooduprightinthecenteroftheflame.Sinceitcouldnotbeburnedoutandcharred,itwasnecessarytocutofftheendoftheremainingcandlecorewithscissorsfromtimetotime.Thisisundoubtedlyatroublesomething.In1820,theFrenchmanJohnParcherieinventedthecandlecoremadeofthreecottonthreads,whichmadethecandlecorenaturallyloosenwhenitburned,andtheendjustbendstotheoutsideoftheflame,soitcanbecompletelyburned.Butthecandleneedstobefurtherimproved.Itsmaterialisgenerallyanimalfatwithmanyshortcomings.ItisSchereeretal.tosolvethisproblem.BetweenJuneandJuly1809,Coca-Scheffler,France,receivedaletterfromatextilefactoryaskinghimtoanalyzeanddeterminethecompositionofasoftsoapsampletheysent.Heheldthisletterandthoughtforalongtime,thinking:Tostudysoap,itseemsthatyouhavetostartwithrawoils.Inschoolexperimentswithverysimpleequipmentandsimpleequipment,hestudiedthevariousoilsthatneedtobeusedinthesaponificationprocess.Afteralotofexperiments,hediscoveredforthefirsttimethefactthatinallfats,regardlessoftheirsource,thecontentoffattyacidsaccountedfor95%,andtheremaining5%wasglycerinproducedduringthesaponificationprocess.Throughresearch,heclarifiedthenatureofthesaponificationprocess.Atthesametime,healsomadeamajordiscovery:becauseoftheglycerininthecandlesmadeofgreaseatthattime,theyburnedwithsmokeandsmelledunpleasant.Ifstearicacidisusedtomakecandles,notonlywilltheflamebebrightwhenburning,butalsotherewillbealmostnoblacksmokeandnoairpollution.SchaefflertoldGuy-Lussacofhisdiscoveryandsuggestedthatthetwojointlystudyhowtosolvethisproblemindetail.Theysaponifiedtheoilwithastrongbase,andthendecomposedthesoapwithhydrochloricacidtoremovestearicacid.Thisisawhitesubstancewithagreasyfeeltothehand.Candlesmadefromithaveasofttextureandarecheaper.In1825,SchaefflerandGuy-Lussacobtainedapatentfortheproductionofparaffinstearincandles.Theemergenceofparaffinstearincandlesopenedanewerainthehistoryofhumanlighting.Later,someonediscoveredalargeoilfieldinNorthAmerica,soalargeamountofparaffincanbeextractedfromtheoil,andtheidealcandlehasbeenpopularizedandpromotedallovertheworld.
Istumbleduponanarchaeologicalmagazine.ItseemsthatcandleswereinventedbytheEgyptiansmorethan5,000yearsago.WhendidtheChineseusecandles?Atleastinthenineteenthpoems,oillampswereused.,IsuddenlyrealizedthattherewasnosuchthingasacandleinancientChina.IntheancientbooksoftheHanDynasty,waxandcandleweregenerallydiscussedseparately,butthewordcandlewasrarelyusedtogether.
EveryonesawthebronzelampintheHanDynastyinChina.Thereisoftenalongnail-shapedflameinthecenterofthelampshade.Accordingtoitsexistence,archaeologically,Hanlanternsaredividedintotwocategories:oillampsandcandlelamps.
IcheckedthebooksforalongtimeandfoundthatintheHanDynasty,lampswereactuallydividedintotwocategories:oillampsandcandlelamps.Thelamppostsofoillampswerealsocalled"candles"."Candle"meansthatthelamppostmustbeimmersedingrease;thegreaseisanimalfat,andvegetableoilwasusedtolightthelampatthattime."QiMinYaoShuZong.MaZiPian"said:"Juma(thatis,thefemaleplantofcannabis)hasblackseeds,solidandheavy,poundedtomakecandles,nothemp.""Candlesticks"refertolightsandhavelittletodowithcandles.
Asforthefuelforlightingthelamp,Isawthatthearchaeologicalmagazinementionedthat"theyellowwaxcakewasfoundoccasionallyinthetomboftheHanDynasty."ThisshowsthatthegeneralsituationoftheHanlanternisthatthelampisfilledwithgrease,butwaxcanalsobeusedtoburnthelamp.Thewaxinthewaxlampwasmeltedandusedasanointment.Peoplefinallyfoundanexample,asmentionedinthe"ReportontheExcavationoftheTomboftheNanyueKingintheWesternHanDynasty";inthelateEasternHanDynasty,thewaxplatformwasthefirsttoappearintheHantombinGuangzhou.Itprovesthattheslendercolumnarcandleshaveenteredtheranksoflightingsuppliesatthattime.
Finally,therewerecandlesinChinainthelateEasternHanDynasty,buttheywerenotwidelyused,andtheirshapesweredifferentfrommodernones.Pushingupfurther,whethercandleshavebeenusedduringtheWarringStatesandQinandHanDynastiesisanunresolvedquestion.ItismentionedintheliteraturethatcandlesfirstappearedintheJinDynasty."JinShuZhouZhuanBiography"wrotethatsomeone"threwitwithalightedcandle.""ShiShuoXinYu"hasthestoryofShiChong"usingcandlesascooking".AftertheJinDynasty,thereweremanyreferencestocandlesintheliterature.Asforthepre-Jinperiod,thereisstillalackofreliablewrittenrecords.Infact,thereareonlyasmallamountofarchaeologicalmaterials,suchasthearchaeologicalmaterialsmentionedabove;
<Guitianlu>Oillamps.Especiallygoodatnightbanquetsanddrinks,althoughthedormitoryalsoburnscandles.Everytimeafterdismissal,peoplegototheofficialresidence,seethetoiletandtearsontheground,ofteninpiles."ItcanbeseenthatuntiltheSongDynasty,itisstilloil*candleexpensive.
Existují články, které říkají: "XijingRůzné poznámky" má "král Minyue představuje Gaodi...200 medových svíček"říká, že "svíčky medu jsou svíčky", ale to považuje za jediný důkaz. A co víc, záznamy v "XijingZaji" lze použít pouze jako reference.
Lookattherawmaterialsofcandles,thereareyellowwax,whitewaxandsoon.Yellowwaxisbeeswaxandwhitewaxisthewaxsecretedbytermiteinsects.TheuseofbeeswaxisgenerallybelievedtohaveoriginatedintheTangDynasty,andsometextualresearchbeganintheHanandWeiDynasties.Theabove-mentioned"theoccasionaldiscoveryofyellowwaxcakesinHantombs"isphysicalevidence,sotheuseofbeeswaxwasearlierthanthatofwhitewax.Therearerecordsofbeeswaxorbeeswaxin"ShenNong'sMateriaMedica",ZhangHua's"NaturalHistory",TaoHongjing's"FamousDoctors",whichareusedformedicinalpurposes.Fromthispointofview,thewaxusedintheEasternHanDynastywasbeeswax.Butprobablythenumberisnotlarge,andtheuseisnotcommon,sothelampcandleisstillmadewithgrease,oralayerofwaxisplacedoutsidethegreasecandletoreducethetearsofthecandle,oralittlewaxisaddedtothegrease.Somedataindicatethatthemeltingpointisrelativelylowwhengreaseisusedasacandle,sothecandlesatthattimearerelativelythickandshort.ThismaybewhythecandlelightsinthestoneportraitsoftheHanDynastyarerelativelythickandshort,insteadofthelongandthinshapesdepictedinthemuralsofTangLishou'stomb.
Běžně používaná slova
Vosková bílo,voskovka,pastel,voskovka,vyřezávání voskem,batika,vosk,voskovka,svíčka,vosková figurína,voskovka.