Kalifornská univerzita, Berkeley

Základní informace

Historická evoluce

Období založení

Země, kde sídlí Kalifornská univerzita, Berkeley v roce 1866, byla koupena soukromou vysokou školou v Kalifornii, 2.března v Kalifornském státě, 2.března, a to v 3.březenském státě, v té technice, a to v té zemi, kde se v roce 2012 válčila, a v té zemědělské zemi 68Kalifornská univerzita (Kalifornská univerzita), meuniverzita je také první plnohodnotnou veřejnou univerzitou v Kalifornii. Škola začala přijímat studenty v září 1869. V té době bylo ve škole 10 členů fakulty a 40 studentů. filozofGeorgeBerkeley(GeorgeBerkeley)v18.století.Město Berkeley je také pojmenováno na památku tohoto velkého muže.Proto je původní Kalifornská univerzita také ekvivalentní"Kalifornská univerzita,Berkeley:"Branchcam."(No Je to nedorozumění v překladu, které zůstalo v historii. Dnes je "pobočkový kampus" Kalifornské univerzity ekvivalentní nezávislé univerzitě)

In1870,thefounderoftheschool,HenryDurant,servedastheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleyThefirstpresidentofthebranchschool(President).In1873,whentheNorthHallandSouthHallwerecompleted,theschoolofficiallymovedtoanewlocationinBerkeley.Thefirstclassofstudentsonthenewcampusconsistedof167maleand222femalestudents.Beginningin1891,CaliforniarichmanPhoebeAppersonHearst(PhoebeAppersonHearst)continuedtodonatetoBerkeley,whichenabledtheschooltodevelopalargenumberofnewsubjectsandpurchasenewteachingfacilities.In1905,theschoolestablisheda“UniversityFarm”nearSacramento,northeastofBerkeley,andthenbecameindependentfromBerkeleyandbecameanothercampusoftheUniversityofCalifornia,theUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis.

Ve 30. letech 20. století prováděla Americká rada pro vzdělávání průzkum 2000 známých učenců. Výsledkem bylo, že Berkeley se zařadil mezi nejlepší univerzity ve Spojených státech pro svou "výjimečnou" a "vhodnou" konstrukci disciplíny. ohodnotila Berkeley'sU.S.Topkoeficienty vysoké školy a poskočila na druhé místo ve Spojených státech, druhé místo pouze na Harvardské univerzitě.

TheRisePeriod

Beginningin1952,theUniversityofCaliforniabegantoseparatefromtheBerkeleycampusasauniversityadministrativesystem,"President"Separatedfrom"Chancellor".TheUniversityofCaliforniaisnowjustasaCaliforniagovernment'smanagementagencyforpublicuniversities,withchairmanandotherpositions,managingall10universities(campus)intheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.EachcampusoftheUniversityofCaliforniahasgreatautonomyinmanagementandhasitsownpresident.

Inthe1960s,theUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleybecamegloballyfamousduetoitsstudents’protestsagainsttheUSgovernmentduringtheVietnamWar.The"FreeSpeechMovement"launchedinBerkeleyin1964evenchangedgenerationsofpeople'sviewsonpoliticsandmorality.BerkeleybecameoneofthesourcesofsocialchangeintheUnitedStatesatthattime.Later,inordertocommemoratethemovement,the"FreeSpeechMovementCafe"wasestablishedontheBerkeleycampus.

Inthesameperiod,withtheriseofliberalismandresistanceinBerkeley,thehippieculture(Hippies)wasnurturedhere;andtherepresentativefilm"TheGraduate"thatembodiesthespiritofresistancealsotookBerkeleyasthebackgroundFilmedandwasnominatedforBestPictureatthe1968GoldenGlobeAwardsandthe40thAcademyAwardsforBestPicture.Hismoviethemesong"TheSoundofSilence"and"ScarboroughFair")Iswidelysung.ItisworthnotingthatZhangAiling,awell-knownChinesefemalewriterknownforhermaverick,alsoengagedinacademicresearchatBerkeleyduringthisperiod(1969-1971).

Intermsofacademics,beforeandinthemiddleofthe20thcentury,thegoldenageofUCBerkeley'sresearchinmathematics,naturalsciencesandengineeringwasopened.Sincethen,Berkeleyhasbecomethemostimportantacademicresearchintheworld.Oneofthecenters.

ChenXingshen,aChinesemathematicianandfounderofdifferentialgeometryinthetwentiethcentury,hasbeenaprofessorofmathematicsatBerkeleysince1960,makingBerkeleyoneoftheworld'sresearchcentersfordifferentialgeometry,andthefamousChinesemathematician,FieldsAwardwinnerQiuChengtongalsoreceivedaPhDinmathematicsfromBerkeleyin1971(underthetutelageofChernXingshen).In1981,theNationalScienceFoundationoftheUnitedStatesestablishedtheNationalInstituteofMathematicalSciencesinBerkeleyattheapplicationofChern,AzadorSingh,andKelvinMoore.ProfessorChernservedasthefirstdirectoroftheInstitute,andtheInstituteofMathematicsThemainbuildingisalsonamed"Shiing-ShenChernHall".

Intheearly20thcentury,theBerkeleyphysicsprofessorandthefatheroftheatomicbombRobertOppenheimer(J.RobertOppenheimer)establishedthe"OppenheimerTheoreticalPhysicsCenter"inBerkeley,attractingalargenumberoftopTheoreticalphysicistsandresearchersformedthe"BerkeleySchoolofPhysics",makingBerkeleyoneoftheworld'stheoreticalphysicsresearchcenters.Later,theresearchcenterwasrenamedthe"BerkeleyCenterforTheoreticalPhysics"(BerkeleyCenterforTheoreticalPhysics).In1942,OppenheimerwasappointedasthechiefscientistoftheManhattanProject,theUSatomicbombresearchanddevelopmentproject,andledthevariousscientificdepartmentsoftheManhattanProject.ManyBerkeleyphysicistsalsomadeoutstandingachievementsintheManhattanProject.Contributions,includingthelater"FatheroftheHydrogenBomb"EdwardTaylor.

Inthesameperiod,ErnestO.Lawrence,NobelPrizewinnerinPhysics,establishedthe"RadiationLaboratoryoftheUniversityofCalifornia"onthebackhillofBerkeleycampusin1931.California)”,whichwasoriginallymainlyusedforthestudyofparticlecyclotronaccelerationinphysics.Lawrencealsoinventedthecyclotron(Cyclotron)herein1932andwontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1939.Aftertheestablishmentoftheradiologylaboratory,Berkeleywelcomedalargenumberoftopexperimentalphysicistsandresearchers,includingWuJianxiong(sheobtainedaPhDdegreeinphysicsfromBerkeleyin1940,andlaterverifiedLiZhengdaoandYangZhenning'shypothesisof"paritynon-conservationunderweakaction"throughexperiments,whichearnedthelattertheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1957).

WiththecyclotroninventedbyProfessorLawrence,researchersatBerkeleydiscoveredmanyelementsheavierthanthechemicalelementuranium92,includingall14chemicalelementsfrom93to106(andelement43)Technetiumandelement85astatine).Amongthem,No.97Berkelium(Berkelium)andNo.98Californium(Californium)arenamedafterBerkeleyandCalifornia,whileNo.103Lawrencium(Lawrencium)andNo.106SeaborgiumarenamedafterErnest.ItisnamedafterLawrenceandNobelPrizewinnerinchemistryandBerkeleyprincipalGlennT.Seaborg(GlennT.Seaborg).DuringtheSecondWorldWar,theradiologylaboratoryundertookpartofthetasksofthe"ManhattanProject."Sincethen,thelaboratoryhasgraduallybecomeoneofthemostimportantscientificresearchinstitutesintheUnitedStates.In1971,tocommemorateLawrence,theradiologylaboratorywasofficiallyrenamedtheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,whichwasaffiliatedtotheUSDepartmentofEnergyandwasrunbytheUniversityofCalifornia.

InthescientificcommunityintheUnitedStates,theLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryintheUnitedStatesisequivalenttoasynonymfor"Excellence".Asof2016,13scientists/organizationsrelatedtothelaboratoryhavewontheNobelPrize,70scientistsareacademiciansoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,13scientistshavewontheNationalMedalofScience,thehighestnationallifetimeachievementawardinscientificresearch,18engineershavebeenelectedasacademiciansoftheNationalAcademyofEngineering,and3scientistshavebeenelectedtotheInstituteofMedicine.Inaddition,theLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryhasalsotrainedthousandsofuniversityscienceandengineeringstudents,whopromotetechnologicalinnovationacrosstheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.FormerUSSecretaryofEnergyandNobelPrizeinPhysicsZhuDiwenservedasthedirectoroftheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryfrom2004to2008andalsoservedasaBerkeleyProfessorofPhysics.In1976,healsoreceivedadoctorateinphysicsfromBerkeley.

Intermsofengineering,BerkeleyhasalwayskeptpacewithStanfordUniversityandMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andisattheforefrontofengineeringscienceintheUnitedStates.AlbertEinstein’seldestson,HansEinstein,hasbeenaprofessorofwaterconservancyengineeringatBerkeleysince1947,andheisalsoanauthorityinthefieldofwaterconservancyengineering.Tocommemoratehisoutstandingcontributions,theAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineersalsospecialThe"HansAlbertEinsteinAward"wasestablished.LinTongyan,aworld-renownedChinesestructuralengineerandfatherofprestress,alsograduatedfromBerkeleyandlaterservedasaprofessorofengineeringatBerkeley.Tocommemoratehim,BerkeleyalsoestablishedtheLinTongyanLaboratory.CaiShaotang,awell-knownChineseengineeringscientistknownasthe"fatherofnonlinearcircuittheory"and"fatherofcellularneuralnetworks",hasbeenaprofessorintheDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScienceatBerkeleysince1971.HiseldestdaughterisChuaMeierThefamous"tigermother".

Předchozí ředitelé

Pozice ředitele byla vytvořena, když bylaKalifornská univerzitareorganizována a rozšířena v roce 1952; od té doby bylo 12 ředitelů (kancléř):p>

ClarkKerr (1952–1958)

GlennT.Seaborg (1958–1961)

EdwardW.Strong (1961–1965)

MartinE.Meyerson (1965, agent)

RogerW.Heyns (1965–1971)

AlbertH.Bowker (1971–1980)

IraMichaelHeyman (1980–1990)

TianChanglin (1990-1997) (domov předků v okrese Huangpi, Wuhan, Čína, slavný čínský vědec)

RobertM.Berdahl (1997–2004)

RobertJ.Birgeneau (2004–2013)

Nicholas B.Dirks (2013–2017)

CarolChrist (2017-dosud)

Síla chodu školy

Administrativní řízení

Systém Kalifornské univerzity implementujeTříúrovňový hierarchický systém řízení.

(1)The Board ofRegents (první úroveň vedení)

Nejvyšší autorita v systému Kalifornské univerzity se nazývá "Board of RegentsRegents"), včetně:

-Positionmembers.Thetermofhispositionisthetermofthecouncilmembers,atotalofsevenpeople:governor,deputygovernor,councilspeaker,publiceducationsupervisor,chairmanofthealumniassociation,vicechairmanofthealumniassociation,andchairoftheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.

-Designatemembers.Thegovernorconsultstheadvisorycommitteetodeterminetheselectionofmembers,atotalof18people,eachforatermof12years.Astudentrepresentativeisappointedbythecounciltoparticipateinfullpowerforaone-yearterm.Theteacherrepresentativeisthechairmanandvicechairmanoftheacademiccommittee,withoutvotingrights,andcanparticipateinalldiscussionsanddecision-making.

Themainresponsibilitiesofthecouncil:formulatingandadjudicatingdecisionsrelatedtothedirectionofuniversityeducation,majorfacilitiesandreforms;acceptingstatefinancialappropriationsandvariouspublicandprivategifts,supervisingtheuniversity’sfinancialexpendituresandImplementation;appointmentanddesignationofthepresidentoftheUniversityofCaliforniasystem(President),thepresidentofeachcampus(Chancellor),theheadofeachinstitution,andsupervisetheadministrationandimplementationoftheuniversity,etc.Thelawstipulates:"TheUniversityofCaliforniaSenatehasfullorganizationandmanagementpowersovertheUniversityofCalifornia.Onlyunderthecontrolofsuchlegislationcanitprovidethenecessaryguaranteesfortheuseoftheuniversity’sdonationswithintheprescribedscopeandmaintaintheuniversity’sassets.ByItcanbeseenthatthemainpoweroftheUniversityofCaliforniaSenateliesinthesupervisionandcontrolofuniversityfinancialexpenditures.ThisisameasurethatpublicuniversitiesmusttakeinAmericansociety.

ThemanagementoftheUniversityofCaliforniaSenateiscalledthefirstThefirstlevelofmanagementisresponsibleforthestatelegislatureandthestategovernment,andunifiedmanagementfortheninebranchcampuses.TheactualadministrativepowerbelongstothepresidentoftheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.ThepresidentappointsthevicepresidentandformstheirrespectiveOffice,performingdailyadministrativefunctions.Therearecurrentlysixvice-chairmeninchargeofacademic,commercialfinance,agricultureandnaturalresources,universityandexternalrelations,healthcareandmedicalservicedevelopment.Themanagementatthislevelofbranchcampusiscalledthesecondlevelofmanagement.Atthislevel,managementmattersaremorespecific,directlyrelatedtoteachingarrangements,studenttrainingandscientificresearchactivities.

(2) Vedení každého kampusu kalifornské univerzity (vedení druhé úrovně)

UniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyimplementsasystemofgradingresponsibilityforChancellorandViceChancellor.ThepresidentofthebranchisappointedbytheSenateoftheUniversityofCalifornia,andthevicepresidentisappointedbythepresidentofthebranchaftermultiplelevelsofstrictassessmentandselection.ThereisalsoaProvost,whoisalsoaschool-levelmanager.Undertheschool-levelmanager,therearevariousfunctionaloffices.Eachdepartmenthasadeananddepartmenthead.

Thespecificresponsibilitiesoftheprincipalandvice-principal:PrincipalPrimeMinisterforallschooladministrationandteachingandscientificresearchmanagement.Therearetwoprincipalassistantswhoareresponsibleforpersonnelandlegalaffairs.Theviceprincipalsareresponsiblefordivisionoflaborandimplementhorizontalmanagement.Therearecurrentlysevenviceprincipals,ofwhich:oneviceprincipalconcurrentlyservesasacademicaffairsThepresidentassiststhegeneraldirectoroftheprincipalwitheverything;onevicepresidentisinchargeofbusinessandadministrativeaffairs,andtherearethreeassistantstothevicepresident,andnine(executive)directorsareresponsiblefor:humanresources;publicsafetyandtransportationservices;communityrelations;sportsAndrecreationalactivities;collegestudenthealthservices;administrativeplans;internalaudits;environmentalhealthandsafety;corruptionsupervision.Onevicepresident’sfundproject,underonevicepresidentassistant,four(executive)directorsareresponsiblefor:constructionAndinspectionservices;designandprojectmanagement;budget;environmentalplanning.Avice-principaldirectorforacademicresearch,underonedeputyprincipalassistant,inchargeofinformationsystemsandtechnology.Avice-principaldirectorforresourceplanningandbudget,underFive(executive)directorsarerespectivelyresponsiblefor:budget;informationsystems;financialandmanagementanalysis;planningandanalysis;spacemanagementandfundingprojects.Onevicepresidentisresponsibleforundergraduateaffairs,andtwoassistantvicepresidentsareresponsibleforenrollmentandLifeeducationforcollegestudents.Thereisalsoanexecutivedirectorresponsibleforstudentaccommodation.Avicepresidentisresponsibleforuniversityrelations,andthereisanassistanttothevicepresident.Thefour(executive)directorsarerespectivelyresponsiblefor:developmentprojectsandservices;studentactivities;budgetandAdministration;UniversityofCaliforniaAlumniAssociation.Otherfunctionaloffices:TheadministrativeandteachingfunctionaldepartmentsofBerkeleycampusareabigstall.Inadditiontotheabove-mentioneddepartments,therearesomefunctionalofficesresponsibleforthefollowingaffairs:continuingeducation;vocationalandgraduateservices;environmentalhealthandsafety;internationalcooperation;Financialsupport;servicesforinternationalstudentsandforeignscholars;universityhealthservices;women’sresources;registrationandpolicesupervision,etc.

(3) Vedení oddělení (vedení třetí úrovně)

Thethirdlevelofeachcampus(branchcampus)oftheUniversityofCalifornia,suchascolleges,schools,researchinstitutes,centers,andlaboratoriesTherearepresidents,directors,etc.toimplementmanagement,andtheyhavethefinalrulingpoweronalladministrativeaffairs.Departmentsaresubdividedintodepartments,withdepartmentheads,headsofinter-departmentalorganizations,andcoordinatorsofnewdisciplines.Therearecurrently16deans(Dean)ofthebranchcampus,respectivelyinchargeoftheFacultyofArtsandSciences;theSchoolofBusiness;theSchoolofChemistry;theInstituteofEducation;theSchoolofEngineering;theSchoolofEnvironmentalDesign;theGraduateSchool;theSchoolofInformationManagementandSystems;theInternationalandRegionalResearchCenter;Faculty;FacultyofLaw;FacultyofNaturalResources;FacultyofOphthalmology;FacultyofPublicHealth;FacultyofPublicPolicy;FacultyofSocialWelfare.

Filozofie vedení školy

(1) Proces rozvoje školního multikulturalismu

IfthehistoryoftheformationoftheUnitedStatesisahistoryofcontinuousdevelopmentfromeasttowest,then,Berkeleyisthe"intelligencedevelopment"baseinthe"WesternDevelopment"oftheUnitedStates.Thispublicuniversity,togetherwiththeprivateStanfordUniversityandCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,supportsthewesternacademicbackbonethatiscomparabletotheIvyLeagueuniversitiesintheeasternUnitedStates.

AsthefoundingcampusoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyisoneofthemostfamous.WhyistheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleysosuccessful?TianChanglin,aChinesescientistwhoservedasthepresidentofBerkeley,believesthattime,location,andpeoplearetheexternalconditionsfortheschool'ssuccess;adherencetoacademicstandardsandfullrespectfortheacademicpolicydecidedbytheprofessorsarethekeystoitssuccess.TherearetwofundamentalreasonswhyBerkeleyisabletobecometheworld'stopuniversity:<1>First,itisfarsighted.Atthebeginningoftheestablishmentoftheschool,theschoolreachedaconsensusonBerkeley'sdevelopmentgoals-toadoptaneclectic,freeandopenpolicy,toaccommodatetheworld'sbest,soastobuildtheuniversityintoaworld-classuniversity.Alongthislineofthinking,Berkeleysoonstartedtopursueanddevelopvigorouslyinthearts,sciences,agriculture,andotherdisciplines,aimingattheworld'sadvancedlevelatthattime.Onehardworkandoneharvest.Intheearly1880s,BerkeleystoodamongtheAmericaninstitutionsofhigherlearningwithitsinitialsetofdisciplinesandabrand-newcomprehensiveuniversityimage.<2>Thesecondistovaluetalents.Whileacceleratingthedevelopmentofvariousdisciplines,Berkeleyisalsodoingitsbesttorecruittalentsfromallwalksoflife.Throughhigh-payingemployment,supplementedbyagoodworkingenvironmentandafreeandopenacademicatmosphere,coupledwiththeuniquenaturalenvironmentonthewestcoastofCalifornia,BerkeleyhasrecruitedalargenumberoffamousprofessorsandscholarsfromtheacademiccenterofthenortheasternUnitedStates,makingBerkeley’sThefacultyhasbeengreatlystrengthenedanddevelopedinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.

Berkeleyisknownforitsmulticulturalism.OnFebruary15,1990,theboardofdirectorsoftheUniversityofCaliforniaappointedTianChanglin,aChinese-Americanprofessor,asthepresidentofBerkeley-thefirstChinese-AmericanpresidentofafamousuniversityintheUnitedStates.Hisfirstdirectionofschoolmanagementis"committedtomaintainingBerkeleyUniversity'soutstandingpositioninfacultyandacademics",andadherestothe"diversifiedandexcellent"schoolmanagementphilosophy.Duringhistenure,UCBerkeleyattractedthemosttalentedanddiversestudentsinthecountry.Atthesametime,"80%ofthetoptalentsthatBerkeleyUniversitywantedwereobtained."

Berkeleypaysequalattentiontoundergraduateandgraduateeducation.Foralongtime,thegraduateschooloftheschoolhasmaintainedthelargestscaleamongallAmericanuniversities,anditsnumberofgraduatestudentsandpostdoctoralstudentsaccountedfor1/3ofthetotalnumberofstudentsintheschool.Asqualifiedhigh-levelexpertsandscholars,theycontinuetorushtovariousjobsinAmericansocietyandcontributetotheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.

(2)Ovlivňování jednotlivců a změna světa

TheideathatBerkeleyspreadsistoinfluenceonebyoneuntilitchangesthewholeworld.Everyday,Berkeleystudentsgotopoorschoolstoteach.Thistraditionhasalonghistory.Berkeley'sphilosophyistohelpthoseinneed,sothattheycanbecomestronger.Berkeleyhasthreepurposes:educatingundergraduates,sponsoringresearchprojects,andgivingbacktothepublic.Oneofthecoregoalsoftheschoolispublicservice.Thereisabuildingoftheschoolisthestudentlearningcenter,juniorsandseniorswillcomeheretobeteachingassistants,answeringquestionsfortheyoungerstudents.Eachdormitoryhasasmalllearningaidagency.BerkeleyisthemostrewardinguniversityintheUnitedStates.Itiscommittedtohelpingstudentsinneed.Morethanhalfofthestudentsvolunteertoserveinpublicwelfareclubs.

(3)AutonomníTradice

TheUniversityofCaliforniaisknownforitsacademicfreedomandstudentautonomy.AttheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,thereisnorestraintfromconservativetraditions,noinsurmountablerulesanddisciplines.Inthisfreeland,youcangowild,letyourmindandimaginationfreelyexploretheunknownworld,whereyourthoughtswillalwaysberespected,evenifOthersdonotagreewithyou.ItisthiskindoffreethoughtthatoriginatedfromthedevelopmentoftheWestthatgavebirthtocountlessnewideasandgreatdiscoveriesattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Berkeleyadherestoacademicdemocracy,doesnotengageinseniorityranking,anddoesnotusecelebritiesandauthoritytooverwhelmothers.Theschoolrequiresnewteachersnottocooperatewithfamousprofessorsinscientificresearchandwritingpapers,andencouragesyoungteacherstoexplorenewfieldsontheirown.Thisapproachisawisemovetoencouragecompetitionandmaketheacademicresearchfieldfullofvitality.Berkeleygivesfullplaytothepoweroftheprofessorship.ThereisanoldsayinginAmericanhighereducationcircles,"Professorisauniversity."InBerkeley,professorsarethe"mainforce"thatdecidesthedirectionofeducation,participatesindecision-making,andpromotestheimplementationofeducationalpolicies.Professorshaveconsiderablepowerinschooldecision-makingandmanagement.

ThepastpresidentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniaencouragedstudentstobecomeself-reliant.PrincipalSproulwasanactivememberofthestudentmovement,andduringhistenurehevigorouslyadvocatedtheautonomyofstudentsandfaculty.DuringWheeler’sadministration,helaunchedthe"SeniorStudentsRole"activitymanagedbythestudentsthemselves,whichallowedtheseniorstudentstoorganizetheStudentUnionontheirown,todriveandleadthelowerstudents,sothatthestudents'study,extracurricularactivities,andstudentinteractionswerelefttothestudents.Gotohost.Inthisway,ontheonehand,studentsgetthetrainingoforganizationandmanagementintheuniversityandhavetheabilitytoadapttothesociety;ontheotherhand,itreducesthetaskofteachermanagement,sothatteacherscanfocusonteachingwithoutbeingdistractedbymanagingstudents.Wheeler'scampaignwasnotasourceofwaterlessness.TheUniversityofCaliforniaestablishedastudentself-governmentorganizationin1887,butthestudentself-governmentorganizationatthattimewaslimitedtoorganizingexchangesbetweenstudents.Itdidn’taskquestionsaboutthingssuchasstudyandacademicaffairs,andthedevelopmentofactivitieswasintermittent.Sometimesitevenexistsinnameonly.Wheelertookadvantageofthesituationandmadeeffectiveuseofthisorganizationtomakeitsactivitiesfullycarriedout,anditsroleandinfluenceincreaseddaybyday.FormedoneofthethreemajororganizationsoftheUniversityofCalifornia.Studentsparticipateinthemanagementoftheschoolintheformofaself-governmentassociation.Ontheonehand,itconformstotheprincipleofacademicautonomy,andontheotherhand,itisbeneficialtotheschooltomaintainaconstantlynewsituation,ratherthangraduallybecomingconservativeandlaggingbehindthetimes.

ItispreciselybecauseofthetraditionoffreedomthatBerkeleycanmaintainthespiritofconstantinnovationandcontinuousimprovement.Undertheinfluenceofliberalism,theconstructionofBerkeley’snewdisciplineshasalwaysbeenattheforefrontofthetimes,andtheschoolhasalsopaidgreatattentiontotheresearchofinterdisciplinaryandmarginaldisciplines.Universityofbisexualandtransgenderresearchdisciplines,andthusachievedaleadingpositioninthisfield.

Studenteducationsystem

(1)Pregraduatevzdělávání

TheundergraduateprogramoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyisfour-year,full-time,andemphasizestheartsandsciences.nourish.Entrancecompetitionforfreshmenisveryfierce,butmanystudentsenterBerkeleyintheirsophomoresandjuniorsthroughtransfers.Berkeley’smostpopularmajorsare:electricalengineeringandcomputerscience,politicalscience,molecularandcellbiology,environmentalscience,andeconomics.

Požadavky na vysokoškoláky, aby dokončili své studium, vycházejí hlavně ze čtyř hledisek:systém Kalifornské univerzity, kampus Berkeley, odpovídající vysoké školy a profesionální katedry. Mezi tyto požadavky patří:Základní kurs Anglického písma a požadavky InstitutuAmerické psaníA závěrečný lekce pro vysokoškoláky obvykle trvá 3 hodiny, v polovině prosince podzimního semestru nebo v polovině května jarního semestru. Systém hodnocení Kalifornské univerzity v Berkeley je: Lettergrady, stupně každého kurzu jsou dány podle pěti stupňů A,B,C,D,aF.A=4,0,B=3,0,C=2,0,D=1,0,F=nevyhovění, to znamená, že zkoušku nesloží.Opravné zkoušky jsou vyžadovány.Dodatečně,podepsat+3bodyprovzorky0,B=podepsat+3body za 0. 3.3),a-znaménko odečte 0,3bodu (např.A-=3,7)a nejvyšší pouze 4,0,což znamená,žeA+jetaké4.0.Různí majoritní učitelé měli různé požadavky na body za absolvování.

(2)Vzdělávání absolventů

TheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyoffersaverywiderangeofgraduateprograms,manyofwhichareextensionsandextensionsofcorrespondingundergraduatemajors.Postgraduatedegreesinclude:Master'sofArt,Master'sofScience,Master'sofFineArt,Ph.D,andsomespecialgraduatedegrees,suchasJurisDoctor,MasterofBusinessAdministration,etc..In2012,theschoolawardedatotalof887doctoraldegreesand2,506masterdegrees.Applicationsforentryintoeachgraduateprogramareindependent,andallcollegesanddepartmentshaveindependentenrollmentrights.In2010,theNationalResearchCounciloftheUnitedStatesrankedBerkeley'sdoctoralgraduateeducationamongthetopintheUnitedStates;in2015-16,Berkeley'smajorgraduateprogramsinliberalartsandsciencesalmostallrankedamongthetop5intheUnitedStates.

DepartmentSettings

TheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyfocusesontraditionalmultidisciplinaryintegration,supplementedbyemergingdisciplinesandprofessionalcolleges.Theschoolhas14colleges,covering170departments.Amongthe14colleges:"Colleges"includesundergraduateandgraduateeducation,while"Schools"onlyhasgraduatestudents.Theonlyexceptionisbusinessschools.Berkeleyoffersatotalof106undergraduatedegreeprograms,88master'sdegreeprograms,97academicdoctoralprograms,and31career-orientedgraduateprograms.

(1) Vysoká škola liberálních umění a věd

TheCollegeofLiberalArtsandSciencesisatraditionalsub-disciplinarycomprehensiveeducationorganizationintheWesterneducationsystem.Thelargest,thelargestnumberofstudents,andthemostimportantcollege,ithas6departmentsand46departments.ManydepartmentsoftheFacultyofArtsandSciencesofferminordegrees.Thefollowingisadetailedlist.

DepartmentofLifeSciences:DepartmentofBiology,DepartmentofMolecularandCellBiology,DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,DepartmentofCellandDevelopmentalBiology,DepartmentofGenetics,DepartmentofImmunology,DepartmentofNuclearBiology,andPhysiologyDepartment

DepartmentofHumanities:DepartmentofArtHistory,DepartmentofArtPractice,DepartmentofClassicalArt,DepartmentofComparativeLiterature,DepartmentofDramaticArt,DepartmentofEastAsianLanguages,DepartmentofEnglish,DepartmentofFrench,DepartmentofGerman,DepartmentofItalianStudies,MusicDepartment,DepartmentofNearEasternStudies,DepartmentofPhilosophy,DepartmentofRhetoric,DepartmentofScandinavianLanguage,DepartmentofSlavicLanguageandLiterature,DepartmentofSouthandSoutheastAsianStudies,DepartmentofSpanishandPortuguese

DepartmentofPhysicalSciences:DepartmentofPhysics,AstronomyDepartment,DepartmentofGeologyandGeography,DepartmentofMathematics,andDepartmentofStatistics

DepartmentofSocialSciences:DepartmentofAfricanAmericanStudies,DepartmentofAnthropology,DepartmentofDemocracy,DepartmentofEconomics,DepartmentofEthnology,DepartmentofGeography,HistoryDepartment,DepartmentofLinguistics,DepartmentofPoliticalScience,DepartmentofPsychology,DepartmentofSociology,andDepartmentofWomen’sStudies

InterdisciplinaryandUndergraduateEducationDepartment:EnergyandResourcesGroup,AmericanResearchProject,CognitiveResearchProject,Creativewritingproject,environmentalscienceproject,interdisciplinaryresearchproject,legalsystemresearchproject,lesbian,gay,bisexual,andtransgenderresearchproject,masscommunicationresearchproject,religiousresearchproject,Asianresearchproject,developmentresearchproject,LatinAmericanResearchProject,MiddleEastResearchProject,PeaceandConflictResearchProject,PoliticalEconomyResearchProjectofIndustrialSociety,NationalDefenseEducationResearchProject,etc.

(2) Obchodní škola

HaHaasSchoolofBusiness(HaasSchoolofBusiness)wasestablishedin1898.ItspredecessorwastheCollegeofCommerce(CollegeofCommerce).Nationalresearchandcommunication.In1989,theSchoolofBusinesswasrenamedtheHaasSchoolofBusiness,namedafterWalterHaas(BerkeleyalumnusandformerchairmanofLevi's).RelyingonthestrongfinancialsupportofCaliforniaandtheexcellentbusinessenvironmentonthewestcoast,coupledwithSanFrancisco’sstatusastheAsia-Pacificbusinesshub,HaasSchoolofBusinesshasbecomeoneofthetopbusinessschoolsintheUnitedStates.Itmanagesfinance,internationalbusiness,andnon-profitinstitutions.Entrepreneurshipandotheraspectsarequitedistinctive.Inthe2016USNewsrankingofthebestbusinessschoolsintheUnitedStates,HaasSchoolofBusinessrankedseventhintheUnitedStates,andthepart-timeMBA(Part-time)programrankedfirstintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,theMasterofFinancialEngineering(MFE)programoftheHaasSchoolofBusinessisknownasoneofthebestfinancialengineeringprogramsintheUnitedStates.

Obchodní škola nabízí vysokoškolské a postgraduální programy. Postgraduální programy zahrnují: MFE (magisterský program finančního inženýrství);HBA na plný úvazek (program MBA na plný úvazek);Víkendové a večerní MA (Program Master of Business Administration and AsianStudies Double Degree Program )EMBA (On-the-jobMBA) a PH.DPh.D.PrograminManagement.Poskytujte vysokoškolské vzdělání v oblasti řízení podniku, nazývané UGBA:Undergraduate BusinessAdministration.

(3) College of Chemistry

Thereare3departmentsunderit,namelychemistry,chemicalengineeringandchemicalbiology.Offer3BachelorofSciencedegrees:Chemistry,ChemicalEngineering,ChemicalBiology;and1BachelorofArts:Chemistry.(Note:TheBachelorofArtsdegreewillrequiresomecoursesinthehumanitiesandsocialsciences,whiletheBachelorofSciencedegreecoursesaremorespecialized)

(4)Výzkumný institut vzdělávání

ProviderecognitionKnowledgeanddevelopmenteducation;language,literatureandcultureeducation;researchfieldssuchaspolicy,organization,measurementandevaluation.Provideundergraduateminorprograms.

(5) Vysoká škola inženýrství

TheCollegeofEngineeringattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyisknownasthecradleoftheworld’stopengineers.DuetoitsproximitytoSiliconValley,manygraduateshaveenteredthetopTechnologycompanies,suchasMicrosoft,Google,Apple,etc.Berkeley'sSchoolofEngineeringhasalwaysbeenamongthetopthreeintheUnitedStatesalongwithStanfordUniversityandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.TheCollegeofEngineeringconsistsoftheDepartmentofBioengineering,CivilEngineeringandEnvironmentalEngineering,ElectronicEngineeringandComputerScience,IndustrialEngineeringandOperationsManagement,MaterialsScienceandEngineering,MechanicalEngineering,andNuclearEngineering.Sevendepartmentsprovideeightcorrespondingundergraduateengineeringprojects.

ProvideaBachelorofSciencedegree,majorsinclude:CivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,ElectronicEngineeringandComputerScience,EngineeringScience,IndustrialEngineeringandOperationsResearch,MaterialScienceandEngineering,MechanicalEngineering,NuclearEngineering,etc.Inaddition,theCollegeofEngineeringalsoprovidesarichsystemofmajorandminorcourses,sothatstudentscanexpandaccordingtotheirinterestsandabilities.

(6)SchoolofEnvironmentalDesign

ItconsistsoftheDepartmentofArchitecture,DepartmentofUrbanandRegionalPlanning,andDepartmentofLandscapeArchitecture.Offerabachelorofartsdegree,majorsinclude:architecture,urbandesign,landscapedesignandenvironmentalplanning,sustainableenvironmentaldesign,etc.Provideundergraduateminorprograms.

(7)Škola žurnalistiky

Providelegalní projekty,asijské výzkumné projektyalatinskoamerické výzkumné projekty.Nabízen je pouze magisterský titul.

(8)Školní právo

Poskytujte odborný doktorský program JDlegal (pokročilý odborný titul);magisterský program LLM (odbor pro zahraniční právníky);doktorský program JSDprávní vědy;MA/PH.D;magister sociální politiky;program doktor filozofie.

(9)InformationCollege

Provideamaster’sdegreeininformationmanagementandsystemsandaPh.D.inthefollowing:informationusersandsociety;informationorganizationmanagementandservices;informationeconomics;informationRetrieval;InformationTechnology;SystemAnalysisandDesign;InformationPolicy.

(10) Vysoká škola přírodních zdrojů

ItconsistsoftheDepartmentofAgricultureandResourceEconomics,theDepartmentofEnvironmentalScience,theDepartmentofNutritionalScience,andtheDepartmentofPlantScience.Theformerindependent"EnergyandResourcesGroup"wasmergedintotheSchoolofNaturalResourcesin2011.Majorsinclude:conservationandresourceresearch,environmentaleconomicsandpolicy,environmentalscience,forestandnaturalresources,geneticsandplantbiology,microbiology,molecularenvironmentalbiology,moleculartoxicology,nutrition,societyandenvironment,etc.Provideundergraduateminorprograms.

(11)Oční škola

Poskytujte vědecké projekty.

(12)SchoolofPublicHealth

Providehealthstatisticsprojects,environmentalhealthscienceprojects,infectiousdiseaseresearchprojects,healthservicesandpolicyanalysisprojects,immunizationprojects,microbiologyprojects,healthandPharmacyproject,geneticconsultingproject.

(13)SchoolofPublicPolicy

Provideundergraduateminorprograms,publicpolicymasterprograms,andpublicpolicydoctoralprograms.

(14) Vysoká škola sociální péče

ProvideaDoctorofPhilosophyPrograminSocialWelfareandaMasterofSocialWelfareProgram(aprojectforpreparingtoparticipateinsocialwelfarepractitioners).

Reputace výzkumu

Přehled reputace

Tato úroveň výzkumu Kalifornské univerzity v Berkeley dosáhla úrovně světového zastavení. V roce 2016 měla 1 642 na plný úvazek a více než 600 na částečný úvazek. micmasters.

AsofOctober2020,amongBerkeley’salumni,professorsandresearchers,atotalof110NobelPrizewinners(thirdintheworld),including34alumni,and25imagesSpiritAwardwinner(thirdintheworld)and14FieldsMedalwinners(fourthintheworld).Inaddition,Berkeleyprofessorshave149membersoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,76membersoftheNationalAcademyofEngineering,235membersoftheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences,4PulitzerPrizewinners,15AmericanNationalMedalofSciencewinners,33MacArthurGeniusAwardwinners,77Fulbrightscholars,139GuggenheimPrizewinnersand125SloanResearchPrizewinners.

Accordingtotheworld’sauthoritativeacademicrankingsofworlduniversities,BerkeleyhasalwaysbeenamongthetopfiveinacademicresearchintheworldalongwithHarvardUniversityandStanfordUniversity.In2010,Berkeleyrankedsecondintheacademicrankingsofworlduniversities,secondonlytoHarvardUniversity;inthetwo-yearacademicrankingsofworlduniversitiesin2014-15and2015-16,Berkeley'sphysicsandchemistrymajorsrankedfirstintheworldatthesametime,Thecomprehensiverankingofnaturalsciencesisalso1stintheworld;from2015-16,computerandengineeringranked3rdintheworld,andmathematicsandeconomicsranked4thintheworld.Inaddition,Berkeley’sgraduateeducationhasalwaysbeenregardedasthetoplevelintheUnitedStates.TheoutstandingtalentscultivatedeachyearhavemadeoutstandingcontributionstoAmericansocietyoverthepast100yearsandhavealsocultivatedmanyinternationaltalentsfortheworld.Allovertheworld.ThegraduateschoolhasthehighestnumberofgraduatestudentswhohavewontheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)FellowshipintheUnitedStates,anditalsohasmanyfamousawardwinners(suchas137Fulbrightscholarshipwinners).

Berkeley’sprofessors,researchers,students,andalumniledtheManhattanProjectandbuiltthefirstatomicbomb(the"FatheroftheAtomicBomb"Oppenheimer)andthefirsthydrogenbomb(the"HydrogenBomb").FatherEdwardTaylor),inventedlaser,discovereddarkenergy,inventedcyclotron,inventedbubblechamber,discoveredatleast16chemicalelements,discoveredheavyhydrogen"deuterium",discoveredcarbon14,discoveredcarbon-14'smeasurementmethod,crackedtheCalvincycleinphotosynthesis,discoveredvitaminE,discoveredstreptomycin,inventedPCRtechnology,inventedthemouse,inventedtheUNIXsystem,inventedBSD,inventedtheRSAencryptionmethodAndsoon,alsoproposedthedinosaurextinctiontheory"asteroidimpacttheory",proposedMoore'slaw,identifiedtheinfluenzavirusforthefirsttime,standardizedprestress,etc.,BerkeleywasalsothefirstplaceintheUnitedStateswheretheno-faultdivorcebillwasdrafted..TheformerFederalReserveChairmanJanetYellenisalsoaprofessoratBerkeleyHaasSchoolofBusinessandhaswontheschool’soutstandingteachingawardtwice.

Celkové hodnocení

Dodatečně, v roce 2019-20, ve „WorldUniversityRankingCenter (CWUR)“ oznámil světV univerzitním žebříčku, Berkeley obsadil 8. místo na světě. nitedStates( American's BestValueColleges). V listopadu 2018 oznámila organizace TimesHigherEducation „Global University Employability Ranking“ a Berkeley se umístil na 22. místě na světě.

Hodnocení předmětu

Následující je podrobné hodnocení Kalifornské univerzity v Berkeley na každém poli.

(1) 2019-20 TimesHigherEducationWorldUniversityRankings(THE)SubjectRankings:

(2) 2019-20QSWorldUniversityRankingsbySubject:

(3) 2018-19Novinky v USA Žebříček hlavních absolventských škol ve Spojených státech:

2019-20USNewsProfessionalSchoolRanking: