Úvod
TheDepartmentofDefenseisthehighestleadingbodyoftheU.S.ArmedForces.TheServisní odděleníisthehighestadministrativeleadingbodyofeachservice.Itisresponsibleforpersonnelandadministrativemanagement,armyformation,combatreadinesstraining,militaryservicemobilization,weaponrydevelopmentandprocurement,andlogisticssupportoftheservice.ThecurrentsystemoftheUSDepartmentofDefenseiscomposedoftheOfficeoftheSecretaryofDefense,theJointChiefsofStaff,3servicedepartments,10jointoperationscommands,16bureausand6professionalorganizationsundertheDepartmentofDefense.ItscenteristhePentagon.TheheadoftheDepartmentofDefenseistheU.S.SecretaryofDefense.
AccordingtotheU.S.Constitution,thePresidentconcurrentlyservesasthecommander-in-chiefofthearmedforcesandisthesupremecommanderoftheentirearmy.ThePresidentexercisesadministrativeleadershipovertheentirearmythroughthethreemilitarydivisionsoftheMinistryofNationalDefense.TheUnitedStates'NationalSecurityActof1947decidedtoestablishanationalmilitarydepartment,butbecauseitsstatusisequivalenttothemilitarydepartment,itcannotplayaroleincommandingtheentiremilitary.TheamendmenttotheNationalSecurityLawof1949replacedtheMinistryofNationalMilitarywiththeMinistryofNationalDefense,andstipulatedthatitwasagovernment-levelministry,andthethreeserviceministrieswerereducedtoitssubordinatedepartments,thusestablishingtheMinistryofNationalDefense'scontrolovertheentiremilitary..
TheDepartmentofDefenseisinaccordancewiththeGoldwater-NicholsDepartmentofDefenseReconstructionActof1986passedbytheUnitedStatesCongress(Goldwater-NicholsActof1986).Accordingtothisbill,themilitaryorderisfromthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesthroughtheSecretaryofDefensedirectlytothegeneralsoftheUnitedStates.TheU.S.JointChiefsofStaffisresponsibleformanagingU.S.weaponsandmilitaryequipmentandservingasthePresident’smilitaryadvisers,buttheyhavenocommandpower.
Organizační složení resortu obrany
TheUnitedStatesSecretaryofDefenseistheleadingofficialoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense,dealingwithmilitaryaffairs.TheroleoftheSecretaryofDefenseistoserveasthePresident'smaindefensepolicyadviser,andisresponsibleforplanninggeneraldefensepoliciesandotherpoliciesrelatedtotheDepartmentofDefense,andimplementingrecognizedpolicies.IntheUSmilitary,theSecretaryofDefenseisusuallyreferredtoas"SecDef"forshort.TheSecretaryofDefenseandthePresidentjointlyformtheNationalCommandAuthority(NCA),whichhastheexclusiveauthoritytolaunchstrategicnuclearweapons.Allnuclearweaponsaregovernedbythe"two-manrule."Beforenuclearweaponscanbelaunched,boththeSecretaryofDefenseandthePresidentmustagree.
TheSecretaryofDefensehasa"UnitedStatesOfficeoftheSecretaryofDefense",whichisassistedbydeputyministersandundersecretariesofdifferentfields,deputyundersecretaries,assistantsecretariesanddeputyassistantsecretaries.Including:procurement,scientificresearch,logistics,supervision,finance,intelligence,personnelandpolicy.
TheappointmentofalltheseofficialsneedstobeapprovedbytheSenate.
TheSecretaryofDefense,theSecretaryofState,theSecretaryofJustice,andtheSecretaryofFinancearegenerallyconsideredtobethefourmostimportantofficialsinthecabinet,calledthe"BigFour".
TheU.S.DepartmentofDefenseiscomposedofsixphysicaldepartments:theOfficeoftheSecretaryofDefense,theDepartmentofServices,theJointChiefsofStaff,theJointOperationsCommand,theDefenseAgency,andtheDepartmentofDefenseon-siteactivities.
Servisní oddělení
Departement of Warmanages Armády USA,
The NavyDepartment řídí námořnictvo USA a námořní pěchotu USA,
Letecké oddělení řídí letectvo USA a vesmírné síly USA.
Servisní a servisní emblémy (7 fotografií)
JointOperationsCommand
RegionalCommand
CentralCommand
European Command
NorthernCommand
Southern Command
Indo-pacifický příkaz
African Command
FunctionalCommand
SpaceCommand
StrategicCommand
TransportCommand
NetworkCommand
SpecialOperationsCommand
Logo JointOperationsCommand(10 fotografií)
NationalDefenseAgency
DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency
Agentura obrany
DefenseContractAuditAgency
DefenseContractManagementAgency
DefenseFinanceandAccountingService
DefenseInformationSystemsAgency
Defense Intelligence Agency
DefenseLegalServicesAgency
DefenseLogisticsAgency
DefenseSecurityCooperationAgency
DefenseSecurityService
DefenseThreatReductionAgency
MissileDefenseAgency (MissileDefenseAgency)
NationalSecurityAgency (NationalSecurityAgency)
NationalReconnaissanceOffice
NationalGeospatial-IntelligenceAgency)
PentagonForceProtectionAgency
NationalDefenseAgencyLogo (13 fotografií)
Jiná oddělení
AmericanForcesInformationService(AmericanForcesInformationService)
NationalDefenseDefensePrisonerofWar/MissingPersonnelOffice
Oddělení obranněvzdělávací činnosti
Oddělení závislých škol
DoDHumanResourcesActivity
Úřad pro ekonomické úpravy
TricareManagementActivity
WashingtonHeadquartersServices(WashingtonHeadquartersServices)
Minulí ministři
LouisJohnson 28. března 1949-1950 19. září
p>George Marshall, 21. září 1950, 12. září 1951
RobertLovett, 17. září 1951, 20. ledna 1953
CharlesOwenWilson 28. ledna 1953 – 8. října 1957
NeilMcElroy 9. října 1957 – 1. prosince 1959
ThomasGatesJr. 2. prosince 1959 – 20. ledna 1961
RobertMcNamara 21. ledna 1961–2. února 19689.
ClarkClifford, 1. března 1968-20. ledna 1969
MelvinLaird, 22. ledna 1969-1973 29. ledna
ElliottRichardson 30. ledna 1973 – 24. května 1973
JamesRodneySchlesinger, 19737 2. února – 19. listopadu 1975
DonaldRumsfeld 20. listopadu 1975 – 20. ledna 1977
HaroldBrown, 1977 21. ledna až 20. ledna 1981
CasperWeinberg 21. ledna 1981 až 23. listopadu 1987
FrankKalucci 23. listopadu 1987-20. ledna 1989
DickCheney 21. března 1989 až 20. ledna 1993
LeslieAssPingleden20,1993-3,únor 1994
WilliamPerry 3. února 1994 – 24. ledna 1997
WilliamCohen1997 24. ledna-20. ledna 2001
DonaldRumsfeld 20. ledna 2001–18. prosince 2006
RobertGates, 18. prosince 2006–30. června 2011
LeonPanetta 1. července 2011–27. února 2013
ChuckHagel 27. února 2013–17. února 2015
AshtonCarter17. února 2015–20. ledna 2017
JamesMattisLeden20,2017-31,prosinec 2018
Úřadující tajemník obrany:PatrickShanahan 31. prosince 2018 – 24. června 2018
Úřadující tajemník obrany: MarkEsper 24. června – 23. července 2019
MarkEsper 23. července 2019 – 9. listopadu 2020
Zastupující ministr národní obrany: ChristopherMiller 9. listopadu 2020 – 20. ledna 2021
LloydAustin 22. ledna 2021-
Umístění kanceláře
ThePentagonistheseatoftheUSDepartmentofDefense.Viewedfromtheair,thisbuildingisaregularpentagon,hencethename"Pentagon."LocatedinthetownofArlingtononthePotomacRivernearWashington,USA,thePentagoncoversanareaof2.359millionsquaremeters,andthebuildingis22metershigh.Theconstructioncostwas87millionU.S.dollars.ItwascompletedonJanuary15,1943andopenedinMayofthesameyear.Itcanaccommodate23,000peopleinoffice.Thereisalargeparkinglotonthenorthandsouthsidesofthebuilding,whichcanpark10,000carsatthesametime.
InSeptember1947,theDepartmentofDefenseestablishedbythe33rdPresidentTrumanoftheUnitedStatesbegantoworkhere.Sincethen,thePentagonhasbecometherepresentativenameoftheUSDepartmentofDefense.InadditiontotheMinistryofNationalDefense,thebuildingalsoincludestheJointChiefsofStaffandthethreeheadquartersoftheArmy,Navy,andAirForce.
Therearebanks,postoffices,bookstores,clinics,telegraphoffices,andvariousshopsinthelobbyonthefirstfloorofthePentagon.TheJointChiefsofStaff,knownasthe"souloftheMinistryofNationalDefense,"isonthesecondfloor.Theofficebuildingonthisflooriscoveredwithagoldencarpet,knownasthe"GoldenHall."TheOfficeoftheSecretaryofDefenseandtheDepartmentoftheArmyareonthethirdfloor.Thereisa"HeroesHall"inthecornerofthecorridoronthethirdfloortocommemoratethewinnersofthe"HighestMedalofHonor"sincetheWarofIndependence.Therearemorethan3,000bronzemedalshanginghere,withtheirnames,hometownsandresumesengravedonthem.Thereisalsothe"memorialcorridor"ofthethreegeneralsofMarshall,EisenhowerandMacArthur,displayingtheirphotos,militaryuniforms,medals,pistols,orderssignedbythem,andculturalrelicsfromvariousperiods.AbovethethirdflooraretheAdmiraltyandAirForce.OnMay12,1993,theU.S.DepartmentoftheInteriordesignatedthePentagonasanationalhistoricalicon.
Oficiální webové stránky
TheU.S.DepartmentofDefenseOfficialWebsiteistheofficialwebsiteoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.ThemissionofthiswebsiteistoprovidetimelyandaccurateofficialinformationaboutUSdefensepolicies,organizations,functionaltasks,andcombatoperations.TheservicetargetsincludeUSsoldiers,civilianpersonneloftheDepartmentofDefense,militaryfamilymembers,theUSpublic,theUSCongress,andthenewsmedia.Atthesametime,thewebsiteisalsoaportalandnavigationstationforaccessingtheU.S.militaryinformationnetworktoobtainrelevantinformation.
ThecenteroftheU.S.DepartmentofDefenseisthePentagon,whichconsistsofsixphysicaldepartments,namelytheOfficeoftheSecretaryofDefense,theMilitaryDepartment,theJointChiefsofStaff,theUnifiedOperationsCommand,theDefenseAgencyandtheDefenseDepartment’son-siteactivities.