Definice
SocialInstitution
SocialInstitutionisdividedinto3levels:
①、OverallSocialsystem,oroldsocialform,suchascapitalistsystem,socialistsystem;;
②.Systemsindifferentareasofasociety,suchaseconomicsystems,educationsystems,etc.;;
③,specificbehaviorpatternsandprocedures,suchasattendancesystems,Approvalsystem,etc.
TheamericansansociologysCooleyandk.DavisbelievetHattheSystemIsAcomplexofalarGenumberOfnorms.ITISESTABLIDINALEFORMBYSOCIETYTOMEETITSNEEDS, zdůrazňující, že je důležité, aby bylo možné.PolohusSocialStructure.ThiwiewhasBasBeeninheritedAcceptedBymanysologové
HistoricalEvolution
Caochong · Wenwei'svoiceProposedthatsSocialSystemSaformofBehavioralnorMandaformsofSocialDevelopment, iSthefoundationofTheSocialStructure..ITISALBOLLISHCIENCESSNOSSAnd ASPECIFICIFICIFICIFICIFICEBAVIORALNORMS, ANDHASLEGITITIMACYANIMPORTAntPositionInSociety.
Typ
Podleprocessofformace, itcanbediDidedInto:
Accordingtothewayoffunctioning,itcanbedividedintob>;:Controllingsystemandoperationalsystem;;
Accordingtotheinfluenceontheformationofpersonality,itcanbedividedinto:Theoriginalsystemandthederivedsystem;;
Accordingtothesocialfunctionsystem,itcanbedividedinto:relationalsystem,adjustmentsystem,culturalsystemandadjustmentrelationalsystem,etc.
Funkce
DiferencialLevelSofSocialSystemsProducedferent -Funkces a útvarné, apecopeofthiirinfluencenDrestrictionIsAlsodifferent.TheoverallSocialSystemDeterMinesthenatureofTheSocialformanDissisformformulatingVariousSystems.SystemsIndifferentfieldsdeterMinevariousSPecificModelsAndRules.Obecně řečeno, socialsystémshavethefollowlowing -functions:
①, funkce orientované na chování.Determinethestatusandroleofindividualsthroughthesystemofrightsandobligations,andprovidepeoplewiththoughtandbehaviorpatterns,sothattheycanquicklyadapttosociallife,soastoavoidcontradictionsandconflictsbetweenindividualsandsociety.
②,Socialintegrationfunction.Asanorsativesystem, TheSocialSystemCancoordinatesocialbehavioři, AdjustInterPersonalRelationships, GarfullplayTothEnormalFunkcesOfSocialorganizations, RemoveObstacClestosocialoperations a ANDESTABLISHNORMALSOLORDORD.
③, The FunkceOfConveyingandCreatingCulture.TheSystemPerserSandtransmitshumaninventions, Creations, Ideas, víry, zvyky, habitsothercultury, SothattheycanbeinheritedFogeneration apreadinspace.AtTheSametime, TheSystemPromotestheaccUmulationAndinHeranceofculture apromotePePleocletoCreateNewCultures.Thenegativefunctionofthesystemisthattheestablishedsystemoftenrepresentsthetraditionalbehaviorpatterninsociety,tendstoberigidandrigid,andisnoteasytochangeintimewiththedevelopmentofthetimes,sothatthesocialsystemhindersindividualbehaviorandsocialdevelopmenttoacertainextent..The FunkcesOfThesystemCanasObediiDidedIntoExplicityFunkcesAndolImplicityFunkces.The ExplicitFunkceSDirectlyrelatedtothePurposeofTheSystem, a theimpplicitFunkceSintedresultbRalhedBoutteProcesofrealizationTheexplicityFunkce.Forexample,theexplicitfunctionoftheeducationsystemistoimpartknowledgeandcultivatetalents;;theimplicitfunctionistocultivatetheknowledgeandabilityofstudentstoparticipateingrouplife.
Složení
Hlavně:
①,concept,whichisthetheoreticalbasisofthesystem,whichisproducedandimplementedbyacertainsystemReasonablebasis;;
②,norms,includingwrittenandunwrittennorms,arethebasiccontentofthesystem;;
③,organizationistheentitythatguaranteestheimplementationofthesocialsystem;;
④,equipment,includingmaterialequipmentandsymbolicequipment.
Funkce
TheMainFunkceare:
①, University.ThatiesystemSofhumansocietysouchasfamily, ekonomika, politika, vzdělání, náboženství atd.., existence, země asocienti.ItrestrictspeoplewithInitsJurisdiction sWithoutOutException.TheuniversalityofTheSocialSystemdeterMinedBheSamenessOfBasichumaneeds.
②、Relativestability.AčkolivthesystemchangessWithSocialDeveloventAndtimeandsPaceconditions, itisarelativně stalTronorMativesystem.Jednou z nich byl itwillrestrictpeople'sbehaviorforongperiodoftime.SuvefthefoundationofexistenceIsLost, itwillStLayaroleinacervePioDoftime.
③, složitost.AnySystemCannotexistalon, a mustcooperatedwithothersystemSatDifferentLevelstoformaneffectiveSystem.Forexample, theFamilySystemIncludessSpecificSystemsSasasariage, porod, rodičovství a inheritance.
Životní cyklus
TheStablingingSofeverySystemHasitsObjectiveBasis, butthesystemHasaformationPerIod, to, theProcessofinstitucionalizace.Innthisperiod, TheSystemSnotPerfectandNeedStobeFurtherimprovelAdexpanded.Během vývoje arevevolutionolutionofTheSystemInTheefEffectivePerIoD, překážky aproblemswillalsoappear.In-depthinvestigation aresearchareneededtoadjusttheunSuitablePartSandLinksintimetoContinueToExerTitSeffective.Somesystems, duetochangesinthesocialelenvironment, nolongexistonwhichtosurvive, andnewsystemsMustBeestabledIntimeTimeToreToutDeoutdatedSystems..
Podstata
TheSystemIsTherule.TopUtitsly, thesocialsystemtegulationofsociety.ITStipulatesthenatureofSocietyAndisApowerFoneofConductThhatthepeMustimplement.ItisastableocialRelationshipForFoRaperioDoftime.AtTheSametimeAshetransformationFomapeStohumansandFroupStoSociety, institucegraduallyedged.TheSestablingingofaCountrySaSignofTheformationOfasystem.Z toho, že se vyskytují vývoj, thedevelovelmentssocialsystemshasgonethroughdifferentInstitutionalForms, andtodayinstitucionálně forformsareaprocesOfDevelopment.TentoSourgeneralundunderStandingofThesystem.Tento nepochopení.Nicméně, ForthenatureofThesystem, itisnentAustoDoadeePerdiscussion.WehaveTounderStandthattheSystemweareTalkingatiotistHeaWarenessOfTheactiveBehaviorofThesoCity, který jezdí z důchodu.Ačkoli instinctandititiatiatiatiatiatereeretedBeedSeedSofthThopinactivitivity.Nicméně, AnactiveSocialsystemreflectstheoverAllwillofsocialpeople, AntideunstandingandgrofsocialGroups.ActivenowledgeofSocietyIsTheBeginningofPeople'snowledgeofsociety.
Z toho, že se jedná o inspektorofTheEngenceofThesystem, theSystemSeterMinedBeedSoftHeexistenceAnddevelopmentOfSociety.Itreflectspeople's Intersterests, spravedlnosti adnessandJusticeInSialunderStandingFoRaperioDoftime.Jeho concretemafestationLiesInlaws, předpisy a morálky.ThisShowsheessenceofTheSocialSystemsTestandingofPeople, andisitisreflectionofTheSecificRelationshipBetween -beopleinSociety.
Mluvení aspeyScognitionAndreflectionIsFomTheperSctiventOfSocialProductionPractice.Intractice, PeoplenotonlyRecognizethinizethingings, bulasoreCognizebehavioritself.InThePracticeofsociety, to, inthetwokindsofproduction, whatkindofmethodisusedStoproduceISalsoapractice (akindofproductionMethodwillhavedifferentMethod).KOLESPOFISPTHTISPRACTISIVESTRANDTHEMOSTVAILSCIENTIFICTIFICTIFICTIFICTHODAndBehavior.ThisISabehavioronsspecificconditions a insuestandingofTheSystemReflectssterealityOfVariousSocialRelationsInproductionOnThiscondition.To znamená znalost toho, jak produkovat.
Therelationshipshingbetweensvarioussocietiesissicalicated, butitisnotirregular.SpolečnostIsAphenomenoninwhichPeopleareconnEdtextedTogether, AntisteunityofopPositesbetweenweapeople.Nicméně, thesocialsystem -formofaperofimewasPasPoDethebasisofspecificProductionConditionsDuetotheeexistenceandDevelopmentOfSociety.Proto je tatosystemreflectsthenStanddingofsociety.ItistherecognitionOffairnessOfInterestsandSocialJusticeBypeopleinSociety.
Praktická koncontace
TheessenceofSocialSystemIscognition, které setheregulationOftherelationshipsproductionStEthetwoproductionSoCociety.ThisCognitionIsUbjective, butitreflectsObjecteAndSubjectiveIsAreflectionofTeedEedSofthesoCityUndeCurseSocialProductionConditions.(WhatweeedTounderSlandhereiStHattheenVironmentamentamentofasocialgroupisdifferent a atherelationshipsProductionWillBillBifferentonThesameProductionConditions.) TheConditionSofProducteMainlyTechnicallevelandhumanquanquality., Theadvancedtools, thematerialsEedForProduction, and -manyotherconditions.ThisTheneedFoderevement, TheeedForsocialStability a athefairness athefairnessAndOfCiveProductionConditions.WemustalsoreCognizethatthattHiseXistencereferstethershodConditionSofTheSociety.AndsocialCensingSeferstotheunderStandingofsociety.ThereMemanysocialideologiesInsialcvědomí, takové, filozofie, právo, vědomí atd.., WhatEmostlyExpressionsOnfferententsOcialCognitions.
Societyisaphenomenoninwhichpeopleareconndectedtogether, anditisAformOfexistenceofunityofoppositesAmongpeople.The PracticalConnectionOnctionOfProductionSasocialinititiatitiatiative.The ExistenceoCoCietyincovesProductionConditions, WhatkindofProduction (zavedení produkce) a athewayinwhichproductionsformed, isNetjustamatterofPurematerialConditions, butisdeterMinedBeactiveAundStondingofConditionSandSandSandsociety asociety asocity.THESUBJEVIVETHERTHECTORAGORYOFSOCIALCIENCESS.Pokud, weunderstandsocialexistenceawayofProduction.
TheSestablingmentFtheCountRySignifiestHatthesocietyhastheabilityTotaKetiititiatitiativeTorecognize.SocialexistentedterMinessinessOcialCningness.TounderStanditthoroughly, itisnenSadynStanderhistoricky, a.TOTOITHEUNITYOFTHELOGICOFKNOTLEDGEANDHISTORY.ItisincomprehensibletousestaticmetaphysicalMethods.ExistendentAdMinessimComness, který sethetotalreflectionOfThishistoricalViewpoint.Thistosay, TheProductionConditionsDeterminesocialcvědomí, které se účastní praktické aprodukce (TheMaterialDecisionCisionCessionSesSofThetargeTunderStandingisdifferentFomThepracticalProcesSasSect).
Teoretický základ
HowsocialexistentedterMinessinessOcialCningness.ITISNentAlKaLalkabouttheeconomicFoundationAndSiperStructureFirst.Whattietheeconomy? EconomyiTheSociAlactivityFomproductionToCons Con spočíta.THEPRODUKCEFMATERIALMaterialSthesociety'sProductionforconSonSons athesociety'sProducteSthesociety'sMaterialMaterialsproductionforconSonSection.ThisTheenTireContententofeconomicProductionand acconSonscOnconscons.
The EnonomicBaseteterMinestHesterStructure.The EnonomicfoundationAndtheresPerstructuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctureArelationshipBet -practiceAndnownowledge.ThisPracticereferstepracticalBehaviorit sam.Z popraktického bodu, theeconomicfoundationsthecomprehensivesocialproductionConditionSofAcerveProductionRelationship.ProductionRelations aproductionConditionSarethetTodeCisiVeasceptSoftheeconomy.ThesuperstructucturereferstorganizationOfProductionandTheformationofLiadershipAdManagementOrganizations, které jsou nadále uvedeny na základě výslechu.
ThesuperStructureis "Znalosti", které jsou formátovány.Proto jsou thesuperstructureInTitutionsActorsheactorswholeadtherealizationOfSocialProductionPractices.BezeffectiveniationalMechanism, itcannotreflectthedemandsofsociety.ITCannotGuaranteetScientificificNatureofProduction.WhatIsaneffectivenational Mechanismus? Itisaperfectsocial System, tj. Apolitický, ekonomický a kulturní systémový systém.BezsesocialfairnesssandJusticeCannotbeaded.The KnowledgeofThepracticeofnowledge, TheCorectnownolledgeComesFromTheObjektiveRequirementsoCheety, and ExistentedTerMinesMinessinMinesnowledge.OnlywithObjectiveAnderStandingCanthereBeascientificSocialSystem.
DevelopmentPath
ExistenceestheeexistenceofDevelopment, rozvojová vývoj, a.SpolečnostIStheneedForHumandevelopmentNenthenaturaLenvironment, aditisAphenomenononofunityOfOppositionbetwetween -Humans.UttellsusThattheexistenceanddevelopmentneedSofsocietydictatelationshipBetweenNeePeyPeinooCiety.TheProductionOfMaterialMaterialSandtheproductionOfSocietyitSelfathetheneedsofthedevelofSocialexistence, andnothingwillwork.Proto pakeedSoftwokindSofProductionArealSotheneedSofthedevelofsocialexistence.
SocialexistentedterMinessinessOcialCningness.PodnopensofTivativateOnShipHofMaterialPructionNeedSaccordingTowork, a thepublicshiphingoftheneedsofsociety'sProductionneeds, lidemhavetheonlychoiceinthefaceofTeevenceFoFistenceIntisfatisfatischostwokindsofproduction.YousUstGuaranTeeyourself, bulasoguarantEesoCity.Proto WesaythatPublichiphiphishipPordPrivateSowningDineFineThenatureofSociety.Tento nepochopeníPopliinSocietyietheresultofsociety's PracticeintWoproductionPractices.SOCIETIONTHEEEXISTENCEOFDEVECEM.InThetwokindsofProduction, TheConditionSofProductionWillContinuetodeode, atheneedSofProductionWillraisePeople's -Bewareness.Dotherwords, theUnderStandingofTheSocieSIESDeterMinedBetHeProductionConditionSofthesociety.Tato výsledek.S theimProvementofPeople'SawarenessIntociety, therelationshipshipwetweentepeoplecancheanddelovelonlyWHenproductionChangestheenVironmentForsocialexistenceandddevelopment.
ThisstheneedForthedevelofSocialexistence.ThisIsAsocietywherenvironmentalConditionsDeterMineitSexistence.Takový, coaconNectionisstipulatedBeedSofThedevelofSocialexistence.Itistherealizace smluv ozvěny.Nicméně, zdehehavetopayattentiontoapproblem.Theessentientarelationshipbetween -beopleisdifferentfromtherelationshipBetween -peopleintherealsociety.TheconNectionisabstract, atherelationshiphisconcrete.
TheProductionRelationshipweusesToTalalkaBoutisactualsTroductionSofMaterialMaterials.Ať už je třeba, aťotisheproductionshipshipshofMaterialMaterialMaterialSorthodeproductionRelationshipshipship, neitherrelationshipCanexististintencessentendenlylynlylynlynlynlynlynlynlynlynlynly.ItisthatRelationshipThecannnotexledThedevelomentNeedSoftheeexistenceoCociety, theminimumproductionNeedSofThesoCietyinanotherProduction.Bez ní, v tom, ženOtherparty.Dotvarná slova, TheessentialConnectionSessenceofvarioussocialRelations.Podle toho, co se týče, itisNoteasyToundand.WecanthinkofsocietyagroupopFople (vlastně) WHOREANTHENTURALWORLD, produkující materialandproducingThemhitthesametime.Protože, theConnectionbetweenthesegroupsOfPeopleisconStanlynSungensingundenthEdEphofProductionConditionSanddvenivenbythedevelopmentofPeople, andsocietydedes vyvolává.
Institucionální síla
Ekonomika, ScholarsonlygarditasamatterOfPureProduction.TopUtitbluntly, iTisastruggleForfairessOfInterest.AstheproductionPracticeofMankind, itishateriallandsocial, který je ekonomicAndpolitic.Ekonomicky spočívající, itisproductionand aconSonsent, andPolitically, itisafairStrugglebetbetweensHumanrightsandinderests.
CulturalsystemandPoliticalsystem,economicsystem,togetherconstitutethesystemofsocialsystem.CulturescreatedBytheworkingpeopleenthehistoricalProductionAndLabor.REFINGULTURUSECONDUCIVIVETOTHEIMPREMPROVENTORDANDSDEVEDNOSTAVODACÍ.SpolečnostAlargeCollective, atheseperStructure, že, The EexistenceofGovernmentagentress asocialGroups, nebyla bezstarostná..
SocialForms
SocialFormsatereTategoriesofspecificforms, rozvojové sady a differentqualitativní formasofsocialmovements, andaretheeconomicfoundationAninganing autheunityofTheperStruktura.SocialFormsincludeTheeconomicform, PoliticalformanDideologyofTheSociety, která serethehistoricallandCocreteunityofThetree.Určité forformsMustalwaysBepresedInTheformFiredSocialSystems asocialsystemsArealSoregardedAssynonymousSwithSocialforms.HumanSocietyIsconStanlyDeving a atheFundamentalChangesand aprogressOCocietyAreachedThroughTheretationOfSocialforms.
V roce 1992, DengxiaopingClearlyPoitedEdInHisSouthernTalks: „AlittlemoreplanningoralittlemoremarketisNottheessentialDifferencebetweensocialismandCapitalism.Plánované ekonomikysnotequaltosocialism.Capitalismalsohasplans;;marketeconomydoesnotmeancapitalism,socialismalsohasmarkets.Plánování amarketarebotheconomicmeans."Theoldnotionthatplannedeconomyandmarketeconomyareinstitutionalattributesisbrokenfromtheory,Fundamentallyliftedtheideologicalconstraintsthatregardedplannedeconomyandmarketeconomyasbelongingtothecategoryofbasicsocialsystem,layingasolidfoundationfortheformationofsocialistmarketeconomytheory.