Satoshi Nakamoto

bitcoin

Hlavní článek:bitcoinhistory

OnNovember1,2008,SatoshiNakamoto'scryptographymailinglistonthe"metzdowd.com"websitePublishedapapertitled"bitcoin:APeer-to-PeerElectronicCashSystem".Thepaperdescribesindetailhowtocreateadecentralizedelectronictransactionsystem,andthissystemdoesnotneedtobebuiltonthebasisofmutualtrustbetweenthetransactionparties.Soon,onJanuary3,2009,hedevelopedthefirstclientprogramthatimplementedthebitcoinalgorithmandconductedthefirst"mining",obtainingthefirstbatchof50bitcoins.Thisalsomarkedtheofficialbirthofthebitcoinfinancialsystem.

OnDecember5,2010,duringtheWikiLeaksleakoftheUSdiplomaticcableincident,thebitcoincommunitycalledonWikiLeakstoacceptbitcoindonationstobreakthefinancialblockade.Nakamotoexpressedfirmopposition,believingthatbitcoinisstillinitscradleandcannotwithstandconflictsanddisputes.Sevendayslater,onDecember12,hepublishedhislastarticleinthebitcoinforum,mentioningsomeminorissuesinthelatestversionofthesoftware,andthenstoppedshowingup,andtheemailcommunicationwasgraduallyterminated.

Kandidát na Nobelovu cenu za ekonomii

In2015,UCLAFinanceProfessorBhagwanChowdhrynominatedSatoshiNakamotoforthe2016NobelPrizeinEconomics.candidate.

BhagwanChowdhrysaid:"Theinventionofbitcoinissimplyrevolutionary.Nakamoto’scontributionwillnotonlycompletelychangethewaywethinkaboutmoney,butitislikelytooverturnthecentralbank’smonetarypolicy.Itwilldestroythehigh-costremittanceservicessuchasWesternUnion,completelyeliminatethe2-4%intermediarytransactiontaxchargedbyVisa,MasterCard,andPayPal,andeliminatethetroublesomeandexpensivenotaryandintermediaryservices.Infact,itItwillcompletelychangethewayoflegalcontracts."

Pravdivé hádání identity

Nakamotorarelyrevealshistrueinformation.InhispersonalprofileontheP2PFoundationwebsite,heclaimedtobea37-year-oldmalelivinginJapan.However,thisiswidelysuspected.HisEnglishwritingisasproficientandauthenticashismothertongue,buthehasneverusedJapanese.UsinghisnametosearchtheInternet,unabletofindanyinformationrelatedtothisperson.Varioussignsindicatethat"NakamotoSatoshi"("NakamotoTetsushi")maybeafictitiousidentity.NakamotoswitchedbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishinhisspeechesandprocedures,andhespokeonlinerandomlyatdifferenttimesthroughouttheday.Thisshowsthatheeitherdeliberatelyconcealedhisnationalityandtimezone,orwasmanipulatedbymultiplepeoplebehindhisaccount.However,basedontheanalysisofhislanguagehabitsandtimestatistics,somepeoplebelievethathemaybeaBritishorIrishlivinginthecentralorwesternUnitedStates.LaszloHanyecz,whousedtoworkonthebitcoincoredevelopmentteam,believesthatitsalgorithmdesignistoosophisticated,sothatitisnotlikeapersoncandoitalone.

MochizukiShinichi

InMay2012,computerscientistTedNelson(TedNelson)believedthatSatoshiNakamotowastheJapanesemathematicianShinichiMochizuki(ShinichiMochizuki),andbelievedthathisSmartenough,theresearchfieldincludesthemathematicalalgorithmsusedbybitcoin.Moreimportantly,Mochizukidoesnotusetheconventionalacademicpublishingmechanism,butisusedtoworkingalone,lettingothersunderstandafterpublishingthepaper.However,somepeoplequestionedthatthecryptographyrequiredtodesignbitcoinwasnotMochizuki'sresearchinterest.Mochizukihimselfdeniedit.

NickSaab

InDecember2013,thebloggerSkyeGreyconcludedthathistrueidentitywasaformerGeorgeWashingtonUniversityprofessorthroughaquantitativestylisticanalysisofNakamoto’sthesisNickSabo.Saabispassionateaboutdecentralizedcurrenciesandhaspublishedapaperon"bitgold",andisconsideredapioneerofbitcoin.Heisalsoafamouspersonwholikestousepseudonymssincethe90s.

InanarticleinMay2011,Sabosaidwhentalkingaboutthecreatorofbitcoin:“PeopleIknowareinterestedenoughinthisideaandcanputitintopractice.Originallytherewereonlythreepeople:myself,WeiDaiandHalFinney.LaterNakamotoappeared(assumingthatNakamotoisnotFinneynorDavid)."

DorianZhongThis

Themostwell-knownspeculationoccurredonMarch6,2014.NewsweekreporterLeahMcGrathGoodmanpublishedanarticlesayingthathehadfoundtherealNakamoto,aJapanese-AmericanlivinginCalifornia,namedDorianNakamoto,and"ZheShi"washimNameatbirth.Inadditiontothesamename,Goodmanalsofoundsomesupportingevidence.OneofthemostpowerfulisthatwhenGoodmaninterviewedandaskedbitcoinquestionsinperson,Dorian’sanswerseemedtoconfirmhisidentityasthefatherofbitcoin:"IIamnolongerinvolvedinitandcannotdiscussit.Ithasbeentransferredtoothers.Theyarenowincharge.Ihavenocontact."TheauthenticityofthisstatementwasalsoconfirmedbytheLosAngelesCountypolicewhowerepresentatthetime.

Afterthereportwasmadepublic,itwasquestionedandcriticizedbypublicopinion,includingthebitcoincommunity,butitalsoattractedgreatinterestfromthemedia.ReportersflockedtoDorian’shouseandsquattedoutside,evenchasinghiscar.However,inalaterformalinterview,Doriandeniedallhisconnectionwithbitcoin,sayingthathehadneverheardofit,butmisunderstoodGoodman'squestion,thinkingshewasaskingaboutconfidentialworkshehadundertakenfromthemilitary..

Laterthatday,SatoshiNakamotohimselfstoodupanddeniedit.HisfirstmessageintheP2PFoundationaccountafterfiveyearsofdusting,said:"IamnotDorianNakamoto."

CraigStephenWhite

InDecember2015,WiredMagazinereportedthatAustralianscholarCraigStephenWhiteislikelytobethedeityofSatoshiNakamoto.Atthesametime,healsopointedoutthatmaybeitwasjustacleverscamhedesignedtomakeusbelievethatheisSatoshiNakamotohimself.UntilMay2,2016,AustralianentrepreneurCraigStephenWhitepubliclyadmittedthathewasSatoshiNakamotowhoinventedbitcoin,andforthefirsttimeanyonepubliclyadmitted.TheevidenceisSatoshiNakamoto’sencryptedsignaturefile,butthesuspectedfilecanbefoundanddownloadedonthedarkwebaslongasitisaslightlymoreadvancedhacker.Ithaslongbeencirculatedinmanycomputermastercircles.Theprivatekeyofthebitcoinaddressinblock9,butthisprivatekeymaybeobtainedbyearlybitcoindevelopersortheircloseones.

Themostcriticalproofisthefirsttransactionaddressofbitcointhatimportedbitcointo2009.ThisaddressisdeemedtobeownedbySatoshiNakamotoandtheperformanceisrequiredtoberemitted.TheBBCreportersent0.017bitcoinsImported,butdidnotrepatriateintheend.TheBBCJournalwroteoffandhisinterviewfootage,claimingthathewastheinventorofbitcoin.However,theauthenticityofCraig'sstatementandevidencehasbeenwidelyquestioned.Whenthekeyevidencewasrequestedinthefinalstage,Craigrefusedandpublishedablogpostabouthim.

Jiné spekulace

TherearesomeotherindividualsorgroupsthatarebelievedtobetherealpersonofSatoshiNakamoto.Theseinclude:

• FinnisheconomicsociologistDrViliLehdonvirtaandIrishcryptographygraduatestudentMichaelClear.Thetwodenieditseparately.

• GermanandAmericanresearchersNealKing,VladimirOksmanandCharlesBry.Theyhadjointlyappliedfortheregistrationofabitcoin-relatedpatent,andthedomainnamebitcoin.orgoftheofficialwebsiteofthebitcoinprojecthappenedtoberegisteredonthethirddayafterthepatentapplicationwasfiled.Allthreedeniedthisspeculation.

• GavinAndresen,chiefscientistofthebitcoinFoundation,JedMcCaleb,founderofthebitcointradingplatformMt.Gox,oragovernmentagency.

• DustinD.Trammell,anAmericanentrepreneurandsecurityresearcher,buthepubliclydeniedit.

• SomepeoplethinkthatSatoshiNakamoto'snameisactuallyacombinationoffourcompanynames,includingSamsung(Samsung)andToshiba(Toshiba),Zhongdao(Nakamichi),andMotorola(Motorola),implyingthatbitcoinwasactuallyjointlydevelopedbythesefourcompaniesandusedSatoshiNakamoto,thepseudonymof"SatoshiNakamoto"waspublished.

Anotace

1. NakamotoonlycommunicatesinEnglishontheInternet,signedbyRomajiform"SatoshiNakamoto",butDidnotsayhowitshouldbewritteninJapanese.Japanesemediausuallytranslateitas"中本哲史"(Japanese:中本哲史/なかもとさとし),whileChinesemediaoftenuse"中本聪".ThepronunciationofthetwoinJapaneseisthesame.Japaneseissometimesdirectlytransliteratedas"サトシ・ナカモト"intheformofkatakana.