40. výročí
TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee
DengXiaoping
DengXiaopingTheory
Hledej pravdu z faktů
Diskuse o standardu pravdy
XiaogangVillage
Velké smlouvy
Čtyři základní principy
Třicet let reformy a otevření
První fáze socialismu
The19thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina
Rozbalit
BackgroundHistory
PoliticalBackground
TheresolutionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonseveralhistoricalissuesofthepartysincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(unanimouslyadoptedattheSixthPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonJune27,1981)Basicestimatesandevaluationsweremadeforthesevenyearsofcompletingsocialisttransformationandthetenyearsofcomprehensivelybuildingsocialism.
Forthe10yearsofthe"CulturalRevolution",thedocumentmentioned:The10yearsoftheCulturalRevolutioncausedthepartystateandpeopletosufferthemostserioussetbacksandlossessincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Historyprovesthattheargumentsofthe"CulturalRevolution"donotconformtoChina'srealityandMarxism-Leninism.TheseargumentsarecompletelywrongintheirestimationoftheclasssituationinChinaandthepoliticalsituationofthepartyandthecountryatthattime.Practicehasprovedthatthe"CulturalRevolution"isnotandcannotberevolutionorsocialprogressinanysense.Itisnot"disorderingtheenemy"atallbutchaosingitself,soithasneverbeenandcannotbeachievedfrom"disorderunderheaven"to"disorderunderheaven."Historyhasalreadydeterminedthatthe"CulturalRevolution"wasacivilturmoilthatwaswronglyinitiatedbytheleadersandusedbycounter-revolutionarygroupstobringseriousdisasterstothepartystateandpeopleofallethnicgroups.InOctober1976,theconspiracyofLinBiaoandJiangQingcounter-revolutionarygroupwassmashed,thepartywassavedfromthecrisis,therevolutionwassaved,andourcountryenteredanewperiodofhistoricaldevelopment.
Výborný bod obratu
Ve dnech 18. až 22. prosince 1978 svolal DengXiaoping třetí plenární zasedání Jedenáctého Ústředního výboru Komunistické strany Číny.
1.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeisameetingtobuildonthepast.Specifically,itre-establishedtheMarxistideologicallineofseekingtruthfromfacts,playeddowntheslogan"classstruggleasthekeylink,"whichisnotapplicabletothecurrentsocialistsociety,anddecidedtoshiftthefocusoftheworkofthewholepartytosocialistmodernization.
2.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeisameetingtocreatethefuture.TheplenarysessionclearlypointedoutthatthehistoricaltaskofthepartyinthenewperiodistobuildChinaintoamodernsocialistcountry,whichopenedthepreludetosocialistreformandopeningup.
3.StartingfromtheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,theChinesepeoplehaveenteredanewperiodofreform,openingup,andsocialistmodernization.SincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,thePartyCentralCommitteewithDengXiaopingatthecorehasgraduallyopeneduparoadtobuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.For40years,theChinesepeoplehaveachievedworld-renownedconstructionachievementsalongthisroad.ThemeetingopenedthepreludetoChina'ssocialistreformandopeningup.InDecember1978,Chinabegantoembarkonthepathofreformandopeningup.
DengXiaopingsaid:"Anynation,acountry,mustlearnfromothernations,thestrengthsofothercountries,andtheiradvancedscienceandtechnology."SohefirstproposedtoimplementreformandopeningupinChina.HehasmadeanindeliblecontributiontoChina'sreformandopeningup,andisknownasthechiefdesignerofChina'ssocialistreform,openingupandmodernization!
Ekonomické pozadí
Ekonomicky, od roku 1978, ačkoliv čínský hrubý národní produkt dosáhl 362,4 miliard juanů, více než zdvojnásobil ze 171,6 miliard juanů v roce 1965. ČKS zažila určitý stupeň krize vládnutí a důvěry.
Inordertoaccelerateeconomicdevelopmentassoonaspossible,thesecondgenerationofleadershipledbyDengXiaopingbegantosolvetheseproblemsonebyone,andtriedtochangethepeople’sdeep-rootedimageoftheCommunistPartyandsocialism.ThepurposeofthisreformmovementisOnthepremiseofmaintainingthesocialistsystem,changethemanagementsystemandpoliciesthatarenotsuitableforproductiondevelopmentinproduction,andestablishamarketeconomicsystemundersocialism.Theeconomicaspectofthisreformmadethefirstbreakthroughinruralareas,andthereformswerequicklyimplementedinvariouseconomicfieldsacrossthecountry.
DengXiaopingcametopowerforthethirdtime,tryingtocarryoutacomprehensivereformofthedomesticeconomicsystematthattime,andtryingtotransferChina’seconomicsystemfromaplannedeconomicsystemtoamarketeconomy.DengXiaoping’seffortsandreformattemptsIthasbeenenthusiasticallysupportedbythepeople.
Theplannedeconomy
Theplannedeconomywasonceconsideredtobeoneoftheeconomicsymbolsofsocialismandcommunism.Sincethe1950s,China’splannedeconomywasonceanearlystageinChina.TheeconomicrecoveryandinitialdevelopmentofChinahavemadeahugecontribution,butastimeprogresses,itsdrawbackshavebecomeincreasinglyobvious:
Kanton (2 fotografie)
1.Thecontrolofthedomesticeconomyhasreachedanastonishingdegree.Thegovernmentandenterpriseshavenoseparationofresponsibilities,ignoringthelawofvalueandtheroleofmarketregulation;everythingisplannedastheoutline,unabletomeettheneedsofconsumergroups,restrictingthedevelopmentofthecommodityeconomy,andbecomingthelargestinChina’seconomicdevelopment.bottleneck.2.Thequantityofgoodsproducedisintheplan,andthepurchaseofgoodsalsorequirescorrespondingcommoditytickets(forexample,thepurchaseofgrainrequirescorrespondingfoodtickets),whichmakesitdifficultforconsumerstobuythegoodstheyneedeveniftheyhavemoney.
3.Bothindustrialandagriculturalproductionandcommoditymanagementarecompulsorypublicownershipofthemeansofproduction.Individualsarenotallowedtoholdprivateproperty,andalllaborachievementswillbedividedequally.Thisresultsinproducersnotinterestedinexpandingproductionandlargelylosingtheirenthusiasmforlabor.Onlyrelyingon"bigpotofrice"tolivealifehaslostthemotivationtodeveloptheeconomy.
Jediná cesta
I. Stav země je třeba v té době změnit
"Kulturní revoluce" zanechala na zemi vážný dopad. Situace: pomalý rozvoj produktivity, nevyřešené jídlo a oblečení pro lidi, zaostalá technologie a vzdělání atd. Tuto situaci nelze změnit beze změny. Jak se změnit? Pouze jedna odpověď: reforma.
Druhá, Čína potřebuje druhou revoluci
NewChinawasfoundedandthenewdemocraticrevolutionwascompleted.However,afterthefoundingofNewChina,thehighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemestablishedbytheSovietUnionhadseriouslyhinderedthedevelopmentofChina'sproductiveforces.Chinaneedsasecondrevolutiontoliberatetheproductiveforces.Thissituationcannotbechangedwithoutchanging.Howtochange?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
3.Socialistický systém potřebuje sebezdokonalování a rozvoj
Eachhistoricalstageofthesocialistsocietyneedstobekeptinatimelymannerinaccordancewiththerequirementsofeconomicdevelopment.Promotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystemandmakethesocialistsystemfullofvigorandvitality.Wheredoesthevitalityandvitalitycomefrom?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
4.K realizaci socialistické modernizace je zapotřebí v celé zemi
Thenewideasaretoestablishandcontinuouslyimprovethesocialistmarketeconomicsystem,andactivelyandsteadilyadvancethepoliticalsystemReform,developsocialistdemocracy,buildsocialistpoliticalcivilization,andpromoteculturalsystemreform.Whereisthenewidea?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
Proces formace
Reforma začala
DengXiaoping(3fotografie)
FengyangCounty,AnhuiProvincebefore1978XiaogangVillageisawell-known"three-reliantvillage"inthecountywhere"fooddependsonresale,moneydependsonrelief,andproductiondependsonloans".Almosteveryfamilygoesouttobegforfoodaftertheautumnharvesteveryyear.OnNovember24,1978,18farmersinXiaogangVillage,withthecouragetobethefirstintheworld,pressed18handprintsandsetupaproductionresponsibilitysystem,whichopenedthepreludetoChina'sruralreform.Perhapsitisacoincidenceofhistory-shortlyafterthesefarmerspressedtheirfingerprints,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasgrandlyopenedintheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing.Ataseverehistoricaljunctureconcerningthecountry’sdestinyandfuture,China’stoppoliticiansandfarmersatthebottom,representedbyDengXiaoping,jointlyopenedanewpageinhistory.XiaogangVillagethusbecamethebirthplaceofChina'sruralreforms.EmancipatingtheMind
OnMay11,1978,thefrontpageof"GuangmingDaily"publishedaspecialcommentator'sarticle"PracticeistheOnlyStandardforTestingTruth",whichtriggeredanationwideeventabouttruth.Bigdiscussionofstandardsissues.UndertheleadershipandsupportoftheoldergenerationofproletarianrevolutionariessuchasDengXiaoping,andrelyingontheclosecooperationoftheoreticalcircles,thepress,andcomradesengagedinpracticalwork,thisdiscussionfinallybrokethroughtheshacklesofthe"twowhatevers"andbecamethethirdpartyofthe11thParty.TheCentralPlenarySessionre-establishedtheMarxistideologicallineandmadetheoreticalandpublicopinionpreparations,whichhadamajorandfar-reachinginfluenceinthehistoricalprocessofthepartyandthecountry.
TospeedupChina'seconomicdevelopment,wemustfurtheremancipateourminds,acceleratethepaceofreformandopeningup,andnotbeconstrainedbysomeabstractdisputesabout"society"and"capital".Inorderforsocialismtogaintheadvantagescomparedwithcapitalism,itmustboldlyabsorbandlearnfromalltheadvancedmanagementmethodsandmanagementmethodsthatreflectthegenerallawsofmodernsocializedproductionandcommodityeconomyfromallcountriesintheworld,includingdevelopedcapitalistcountries.Foreigncapital,resources,technology,talents,andtheprivateeconomyasausefulsupplementshouldandcanbeusedbysocialism.Thegovernmentisinthehandsofthepeopleandthereisastrongpubliceconomy.Thiswillnotharmsocialism,butwillonlybenefitthedevelopmentofsocialism.
DengXiaopingandthesuccessorsofhisideasandotherreformistshavewithstoodtheattacksfromdomesticconservativesandsuccessfullysetreformandopeningupasoneofthecornerstonesofthePeople’sRepublicofChina’spolicy,irreversiblyBringChinaintotheworldeconomyandcloselyintegratewiththeworldeconomy.From1978to2000,thePeople’sRepublicofChinawentfromacountrywith200millionpeoplelivingbelowthepovertylineandisolatedfromtherestoftheworldtoaprosperousandpowerfuleconomywithanactivemarket.1/5ofthepoorpopulation.Chinaisalsoadvancingrapidlyontheroadtoindustrialization,becomingthenewworldfactory.Chinahassuccessfullyrealizedthetransformationfromaplannedeconomytoamarketeconomy.Theoutputvalueoftheprivateeconomyhassurpassedthestate-ownedeconomyintotal,andhasbecomeanimportantdrivingforceforChina'seconomicgrowth.TheintroductionofforeigninvestmenthasalsobecomeanimportantwayforChina'seconomicgrowth.Chinahasattractedthelargestamountofforeigninvestmentintheworld(theintroductionoffundsfromHongKong,MacaoandTaiwanisalsocountedasforeigninvestment).
TheideologyofChinesesocietyhasalsobeguntochange.People’sviewshavegraduallydiversified,andthephenomenonof"Internetpublicopinion"hasemergedinlargenumbers.MostChinesepeoplepreferpeaceful,stableandrapideconomicdevelopment,ratherthanwillingToomanycommentsonideologyandpartypolitics.Regardingfreedomofspeech,exceptforincitingtooverthrowstatepower,underminingsocialstability,leakingstatesecrets,instigatingethniccontradictions,spreadingsecession,propagatingcults,andfeudalsuperstitions,otherspeechesarestillprohibited.Twogenerationsofleaders,JiangZeminandHuJintao,inheritedDengXiaoping'slineofreformandopeningup.JiangZemin's"ThreeRepresents"andHuJintao's"HarmoniousSociety"and"ScientificOutlookonDevelopment"furtherinterpret"SocialismwithChineseCharacteristics."
Formování zásad
V roce 1978 přijalo třetí plenární zasedání Jedenáctého Ústředního výboru strany zásadní rozhodnutí o provedení reformy a otevření.
In1979,thePartyCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilapprovedGuangdongandFujiantoimplement"specialpoliciesandflexiblemeasures"inforeigneconomicactivities,anddecidedtopilotspecialeconomiczonesinShenzhen,Zhuhai,Xiamen,andShantou.GuangdongProvincebecameoneofthefirstprovincesinthecountrytoopentotheoutsideworld.OnApril13,1988,theSeventhNationalPeople'sCongresspassedaresolutionontheestablishmentoftheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,establishingtheHainanSpecialEconomicZone.ThesuccessfulestablishmentofspecialeconomiczonessuchasShenzhenhasaccumulatedexperienceforfurtheropeningupandhasstronglypromotedtheprocessofChina'sreform,openingupandmodernization.
AftertheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteein1978,thenationaleconomyenteredaperiodofadjustment.InSeptember1979,theFourthPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteepassedthe"DecisiononSeveralIssuesConcerningAcceleratingAgriculturalDevelopment",allowingfarmerstoensuretheiroperationalautonomyandgivefullplaytotheirproductionenthusiasmundertheguidanceofthenationalunifiedplan,adaptingmeasurestotimeandlocalconditions.
OnAugust18,1980,DengXiaopingdeliveredaspeechentitled"ReformofthePartyandStateLeadershipSystem"attheenlargedmeetingofthePoliticalBureauoftheCentralCommittee,whichpointedoutthedirectionforthereformofChina'spoliticalsysteminthenewera.
InSeptember1980,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaissued"SeveralIssuesRegardingFurtherStrengtheningandImprovingtheAgriculturalProductionResponsibilitySystem",whichaffirmedthesocialistnatureofcontractingproductiontohouseholds.
Bythebeginningof1983,theruralhouseholdcontractresponsibilitysystemwithjointoutputwaspromotednationwide.
InApril1984,theCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncildecidedtofurtheropenupthe14citiesofDalian,Qinhuangdao,Tianjin,Yantai,Qingdao,Lianyungang,Nantong,Shanghai,Ningbo,Wenzhou,Fuzhou,Guangzhou,Zhanjiang,andBeihai.Portcity.Graduallyestablisheconomicandtechnologicaldevelopmentzones.
InOctober1984,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheTwelfthCentralCommitteeofthePartysystematicallyproposedandclarifiedaseriesofmajortheoreticalandpracticalissuesinthereformoftheeconomicsystem,confirmingthatChina’ssocialisteconomyisbasedonpublicownership.Theplannedcommodityeconomyisaprogrammaticdocumentforcomprehensiveeconomicsystemreform.Thereformofthepoliticalsystemandthereformoftheeconomicsystemarebasicallycarriedoutsimultaneously.
V polovině 80. let také začaly reformy v různých oblastech včetně vědy a technologie, vzdělávání a kultury.
Since1985,economicopenzoneshavebeenopenedupintheYangtzeRiverDelta,thePearlRiverDelta,SoutheasternFujianandtheBohaiRim.
TheHainanSpecialEconomicZonewasaddedin1988,makingHainanthelargestspecialeconomiczoneinChina.
V roce 1990 se Ústřední výbor strany a Státní rada rozhodli rozvinout a otevřít oblast Pudong NewAreain Shanghai na základě dlouhodobé strategie ekonomického rozvoje Číny. Nová situace se objevila, když se Čína otevřela vnějšímu světu.
Otevřeníuppattern
I.Otevřenívzoru Číny
Otevírání Číny se rozvinulo od pobřeží k vnitrozemí a vytvořilo zvláštní ekonomickou zónu – pobřežní otevřená města – pobřežní ekonomické otevřené oblasti – vnitrozemí, jako jevšestranný, víceúrovňový, širokývzor otevírání.
Za druhé, 6 čínských speciálních ekonomických zón
Shenzhen (327,5 čtverečních kilometrů)
ZhuhaiCity (121 čtverečních kilometrů)
XiamenCity (131 čtverečních kilometrů)
ShantouCity (2064 čtverečních kilometrů)
Ostrov Hainan (33920 čtverečních kilometrů)
Kashgar
Shenzhenhasbuiltamodernandprosperouscityinjustafewyearsafteritwasopenedasaspecialeconomiczone.IthasbecomearepresentativeofChina'sspecialeconomiczoneandisknownasthe"window"ofChina'sopeningtotheoutsideworld.
TheHainanSpecialEconomicZoneistheonlyprovincial-levelspecialeconomiczoneinthecountryandthelargestspecialeconomiczoneinChina.OnApril13,1988,thefirstsessionoftheSeventhNationalPeople’sCongresspassedaresolutionontheestablishmentoftheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,delineatingHainanIslandastheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,implementingamoreopenandflexiblesystemandpoliciesthanotherspecialeconomiczonesinChina,andauthorizingtheHainangovernmenttochangeGreatautonomy.
3. China'sopenports
Přístavy jsou přístavy, letiště, stanice, průchody atd. pro lidi, zboží a vozidla při vstupu a výstupu ze země. Přístavy jsou rozděleny na přístavy první třídy a přístavy druhé třídy.
1.ClassIports:
ClassIportsrefertoportsapprovedtoopenbytheStateCouncil(includingcentrallymanagedportsandsomeportsmanagedbyprovinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment);ClassIIPortsrefertoportsapprovedtobeopenedandmanagedbytheprovincialpeople'sgovernment;
2.ClassIIports:
1.Relyingonotherportstosendpeopletotheloadingandunloadingpoints,startingpoints,anddeliverypointsofforeigntradetransportationofnationalvesselsforentryandexitinspectionprocedures;
2.Portsforbordersmall-scaletradeandpersonnelexchangeswithlocalgovernmentsofneighboringcountries;
3.Vstupní a výstupní porty jsou omezeny na obyvatele hranic.
Existují tři hlavní typy přístavů, které se Čína otevírá vnějšímu světu, a to vodní (námořní) přístavy, pozemní (železniční, veřejné) přístavy, letecké (letištní) přístavy.
Letiště:
Lhasa,Tianjin,Dalian,Shenyang,Changchun,Mudanjiang,Hangzhou,Fuzhou,Qingdao
Wuhan,Shenzhen,Meizhou,Sanya,Hailar,Nanchang,Guiyang,Shantou,HarbinWuyiMountain,Luoyang,Hohhot,Hefei,Changsha,Zhangjiajie,Guangzhou,Zhanjiang
Haikou,Nanning,Chengdu,Kunming,Shijiazhuang,Xi’an,Lanzhou,Wenzhou,Guilin,Beihai,Chongqing,Xishuangbanna,Urumqi,Qiqihar,Jiamusi,Jinan,Yantai
KashgarYanji,Shanghai,Ningbo,Huangshan,Xiamen,Weihai,Yichang,Yinchuan,Beijing,Nanjing
Železniční přístav:
Tumen,Dongguan,Guangzhou,Hekou,Dandong,Suifenhe,Pingxiang,Alashankou,Manzhouli,Shenzhen,Foshan,Zhaoqing,Hunchun,Ji’an,Erenhot,Harbin,Zhengzhou
HighwayPort:
QuanheHuanggangDongningWenjinduHengqinYouyiguanShuikouRuiliwandingGanqimaoRoadLinjiangNanpingMishanJilongTurgateShatoujiaoGongbeiRiverSourceDongxingJinshuiRiverCamphorTreePulanHongqiLapuHorgosMazongMountainSanheHunchunMohanTianbaotaKeshikenArihasatKaishantunMengdingTengchongYierkeshitanmuzhaltDuratabaktujimuNaiaheitubek,Hongshanzui,WulastaiLaoyeTemple,CekezhuengadabuqisuifenheLongbangAlashankou
TenCombinations
Sincethereformandopeningup,ourpartyandthecountryWhileachievingworld-renownedachievementsinsocialistmodernization,ithascreatedandaccumulatedawealthofpracticalexperience.Basedonthesummaryoftheexperienceofreformandopeningupatthe13thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyHowcanalargedevelopingcountrywithmorethanonebillionpeoplegetridofpoverty,acceleratetherealizationofmodernization,consolidateanddevelopsocialism,sumupthevaluableexperienceofthe"tencombinations"inanall-roundandvigorousmanner.
ThefirstcombinationisthatChina’sreformandopeningupcansucceed,thekeyisnottolosethe"oldancestors",butalsotodevelopthe"oldancestors";notonlycontinuetocreatenewprospectsforcareerdevelopment,butalsocontinuetoopenupThenewrealmofMarxisttheory.Thiscombinationhaspromotedtheliberationofpeople'sideasandsocialproductiveforces.
ThesecondcombinationisthatChinesesocialismcanshowvigorandvitalityinthenewerabecauseitisasocialismthatimplementsreformandopeningup;thereasonwhyChina’sreformandopeningupcandevelophealthilyliesinItisconducivetotheconsolidationanddevelopmentofsocialistreformandopeningup.Thiscombinationhascreatedatrulyactivesocialismandcreatedasocialismthatwillfurtherbenefitthepeople.
Thethirdcombinationisthatinthereformandopeningup,wenotonlyrelyonthestrongleadershipofthepartyandthegovernment,butalsorespectthegrassrootspeople,especiallythelocalreforminitiative.SuchacombinationenablesChinatoeffectivelymaintaintheharmonyandunityofthecountryandtheintegrationofsocietyunderthecircumstanceofdiversifiedinterestscausedbyreformandopeningup.
Thefourthcombinationisthatthenewsystemofsocialistmarketeconomy,asanunprecedentedinitiative,iscloselyconnectedwiththebasicsystemofsocialism.Thiscombinationmakesthesocialistmarketeconomyasystemmodelthatnotonlyconformstothegeneralrequirementsofthemarketeconomy,butalsoconformstothenatureanddirectionofsocialism.
Thefifthcombinationisthatweattachimportancetobotheconomicsystemreformandthesuperstructurereformincludingpoliticalsystemreform;andinadvancingthepoliticalsystemreform,theexpansionofdemocracyiscombinedwiththeimprovementofthelegalsystem.Combined.Thiscombinationhascreatedapoliticalsystemmodelthathasboththeadvantagesofdemocracyandcentralism.
Thesixthcombinationisthat,intheprocessofreform,openingupandmodernization,Chinanotonlyattachesimportancetothedevelopmentof"materials",thatis,thedevelopmentofsocialproductivity,butalsoattachesimportancetothedevelopmentof"people",thatis,theimprovementofthecivilizedqualityofthewholepeople..Suchacombinationunitestheoveralldevelopmentofhumanbeingswiththeoverallprogressofsocietyinthepracticeofmodernization.
Theseventhcombinationsaysthat,intheleadershipofreform,openingupandmodernization,thepartytimelycombinesthepromotionofdevelopmentandefficiencywiththeemphasisonsocialfairnessandthepromotionofsocialharmony.SuchacombinationnotonlykeepsChinesesocietyfullofcreativevitality,butalsohelpstoavoidpolarizationandachievecommonprosperity.
TheeighthcombinationsaysthatChina,alargedevelopingcountrywithapopulationofmorethanonebillion,cannotdevelopwithoutparticipatingineconomicglobalization,letaloneindependence.Thiscombinationenablesustomakegooduseofbothdomesticandinternationalmarketsandresourcesatthesametime,andachievemutualbenefit,inclusiveness,andwin-winresultsinequalcompetitionthatseeksadvantagesandavoidsdisadvantages.
Theninthcombinationisthat,inthecourseofreformandopeningup,Chinapaysattentiontothecoordinationoftherelationshipbetweenreformintensity,developmentspeedandsocialaffordability,andtheimprovementofpeople’slivesisanimportantintegrationpointfordealingwiththerelationshipbetweenthesethree..Suchacombinationnotonlyavoidsthesevereeconomicrecessionandviolentsocialshocksthathaveoccurredinmanytransitionalcountries,butalsoenablestheresultsofreformanddevelopmenttotrulybenefitallpeople.
Thetenthcombinationsaysthatourpartycombinesthetransformationoftheobjectiveworldwiththetransformationofthesubjectiveworldtoprovideastrongpoliticalandorganizationalguaranteeforreform,openingup,andmodernization.ThiscombinationnotonlypromotesthegreatcauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,butalsoadvancesthegreatnewprojectofpartybuilding,therebycontinuouslyimprovingtheparty'sleadership,governance,andabilitytoresistcorruptionandpreventdegeneration.
Statistiky
Seznam HDP v Číně od roku 1980 do roku 2010 (převedený na americké dolary na mezinárodních směnárnách), převzat z databáze Světové banky
(Poznámka: Vzhledem k tomu, že Čína, pevnina, Čína zavedla kontroly směnných kurzů. V polovině 80. let minulého století, v roce 1976, kdy byl HDP převeden na americké dolary, se hodnota RMB prudce odepisovala)
1973 | 7,8 % | ||
1974 | 2,3 % | ||
1975 | 8,7 % | ||
1976 | -1,6 % | ||
1977 | 7,6 % | ||
1978 | 365 miliard | > 11,7 % | > 17 % |
1979 | 4068 miliard | > 7,6 % | > 18 % |
1980 | 184 516 266 711 | > 7,8 % | > 20 % |
1981 | 194 111 112 580 | > 5,2 % | > 21 % |
1982 | 203 183 214 982 | > 8,9 % | > 22 % | tr>
1983 | 228 455 947 880 | > 10,8 % | > 22 % |
1984 | 257 432 147 241 | > 15,1 % | > 23 % |
1985 | 306 666 660 698 | > 13,4 % | > 24 % |
1986 | 297 831 879 942 | > 8,9 % | > 25 % | tr>
1987 | 270 372 194 997 | > 11,7 % | > 26 % |
1988 | 309 522 625 242 | > 11,2 % | > 27 % |
1989 | 343 973 680 226 | > 4,2 % | > 27 % |
1990 | 356 936 901 184 | > 3,9 % | > 28 % |
1991 | 379 468 656 246 | > 9,3 % | > 29 % |
1992 | 422 660 918 111 | > 14,2 % | > 30 % |
1993 | 440 500 898 965 | > 13,9 % | > 30 % |
1994 | 559 224 707 281 | > 13,1 % | > 31 % |
1995 | 728 007 199 936 | > 10,9 % | > 32 % | tr>
1996 | 856 084 729 312 | > 9,9 % | > 33 % |
1997 | 952 652 693 079 | > 9,2 % | > 34 % |
1998 | 1 019 458 585 326 | > 7,8 % | > 35 % |
1999 | 1 083 277 930 360 | > 7,7 % | > 36 % |
2000 | 1 198 474 934 199 | > 8,5 % | > 37 % |
2001 | 1 324 806 914 358 | > 8,3 % | > 38 % |
2002 | 1 453 827 554 714 | > 9,1 % | > 39 % |
2003 | 1 640 958 732 775 | > 10,0 % | > 39 % |
2004 | 1 931 644 331 142 | > 10,1 % | > 40 % |
2005 | 2 256 902 590 825 | > 11,4 % | > 41 % |
2006 | 2 712 950 886 698 | > 12,7 % | > 42 % |
2007 | 3 494 055 944 791 | > 14,2 % | > 43 % |
2008 | 4 521 827 288 304 | > 9,7 % | > 44 % |
2009 | 4 991 256 406 735 | > 9,4 % | > 45 % |
2010 | 5 926 612 009 750 | > 10,6 % | > 50 % |
2011 | 484124 miliard | > 9,5 % | > 51 % |
2012 | 534123 miliard | > 7,9 % | > 52 % |
2013 | 588019 miliard | > 7,8 % | > 53 % |
2014 | 635910 miliard | > 7,3 % | > 54 % |
2015 | 676708 miliard | > 6,9 % | > 56 % |
2016 | 74 bilionů | > 6,7 % | > 57 % |
2017 | 82 bilionů | > 6,9 % | > 57 % |
Stávající problémy
Za posledních 40 let dosáhla čínská reforma a otevírání se velkých úspěchů. Současně však dochází k nedostatku designu na nejvyšší úrovni, nedostatku lepšího designu na nejvyšší úrovni a nejednotnosti mezi národními problémy a nedostatky Forma a otevírací opatření ve všech aspektech. Podpora reformy otevřením základní zkušenosti s reformou mé země a otevřením. .Za posledních 40 let však ani makrostřední, ani mikroúrovňový externí dohled vytvořený reformou, je ve skutečnosti externí. není pouze obecným programem otevírání mé země vnějšímu světu, ale také obecným klíčem ke komplexnímu prohlubování reforem. Zabránit tomu, aby byla správa sama o sobě rozptýlena „krátkozrakým“ trhem, a dodržujte „čtyři základní principy“. Hospodářská správa, národní správa a sociální správa mé země dále zavedly orgány dohledu mimosoučást systému řízení, aby vytvořila účinný a nový efektivní systém vize s, je naléhavě nutné posílit výstavbu nového otevřeného ekonomického systému vedeného strategií „BeltandRoad“ a komplexně podporovat další formy a rozvoj různých oblastí v Číně, zejména boční reformy nabídky.
State-ownedenterprisereform
Inthestate-ownedenterprisereform,alargenumberofenterprisebankruptciesandmanagerialpersonnelembezzlementofstate-ownedassetshaveoccurred.Somestate-ownedenterpriseshavebeenacquiredbymanagers,resultinginalargenumberofworkersbeinglaidoff.
Educationreform
Aftertheuniversity’sexpansionin1998,becauseChinaisinthesecondaryindustryandlabor-intensiveindustries,themarketdemandedalargenumberofworkersinsteadofcollegestudentsandskilledworkers.Alargenumberofuniversitygraduatesareunemployed.Inaddition,afterthereformandopeningup,duetotheweakeconomicstrengthofthecentralandwesternregions,alargenumberofexcellentteachersflowedtotheeasterncoastalareas.
HousingReform
Theabolitionofwelfarehousingallocationinthemid-1990s,China'scommercialhousingmarketbegantodeveloprapidly.Withthetaxreformin1993,thecentralgovernmentcollected70%oflocaltaxes,butexpendituresforcompulsoryeducation,infrastructure,andmedicalcarewerestilllocal,andthelocalgovernmentscouldonlyrelyonalargenumberofauctionsoflandtomakeupfortheirfinancialshortfalls.Duetotheinfluxoflandfinanceandbankfunds,housingpriceshaveskyrocketed.
Thegapbetweentherichandthepoor
AccordingtotheBritishReutersreport,theNationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaannouncedthatChina’sGinicoefficientreached0.474in2012and0.491in2008.Sincethereformandopeningup,China’sGDPhasexperiencedexplosivegrowth,buttheproportionofwagesinGDPhasbeendeclining,from56.18%in1985to43.12%in2007,adeclinefor22consecutiveyears.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorledtomanymassincidents,suchastheWeng'anincidentinGuizhouandtheZhiliincidentinHuzhou.
>Memorabilia
Od roku 1978 do roku 2018, celkem 40 let.
Memorabilia (7 fotografií)
1.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteewasheldin1978December18,1978Onthe22nd,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeofthePartywasheldinBeijing.Themeetingmadethedecisiontoshiftthefocusofworktosocialistmodernizationandimplementreformandopeningup;re-establishtheMarxistideological,political,andorganizationalline,andourcountryhasenteredaneweraofsocialistmodernization.
2. Založení zvláštních ekonomických zón v roce 1979
OnJuly15,1979,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilapprovedtheThereportontheimplementationofspecialpoliciesandflexiblemeasuresforeconomicactivitiesdecidedtosetuppilotspecialzonesinShenzhen,Zhuhai,ShantouandXiamen.OnAugust13,theStateCouncilissuedthe"RegulationsonSeveralIssuesConcerningVigorouslyDevelopingForeignTradeandIncreasingForeignExchangeIncome".Themaincontentistoexpandtheforeigntradeauthorityoflocalitiesandenterprises,encourageincreasedexports,andsetupexportspecialzones.OnMay16,1980,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilapprovedthe"MinutesoftheMeetingofGuangdongandFujianProvinces"andnamedthem"SpecialEconomicZones."
3. Zavedení systému odpovědnosti za smlouvy o domácnostech v roce 1982
OnJanuary1,1982,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaapprovedandapprovedthe"MinutesoftheNationalRuralWorkConference",Pointedoutthatthevariousresponsibilitysystemsimplementedinruralareas,includingfixed-rateremunerationforsmall-scalecontracting,professionalcontractingandco-productionremuneration,co-productiontolabor,contractingtohouseholds,andgroups,etc.,aretheproductionresponsibilitysystemofthesocialistcollectiveeconomy;1983ThecentralgovernmentissuedadocumentstatingthatthejointproductioncontractsystemisagreatcreationofChinesefarmersundertheleadershipoftheparty,andanewdevelopmentoftheMarxistagriculturalco-operativetheoryinChina'spractice.
4.Proposedplannedcommodityeconomyin1984
OnOctober20,1984,theThirdPlenarySessionofthe12thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldinBeijing.Themeetingunanimouslyadoptedthe"DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonEconomicSystemReform",whichclearlystatedthatthefurtherimplementationofthepolicyofinvigoratingtheeconomyinternallyandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,andacceleratingthepaceoftheentireeconomicsystemreformfocusingoncitiesisthedevelopmentofthecurrentsituationinChina.urgentneed.ThebasictaskofreformistoestablishasocialisteconomicsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,fullofvigorandvitality,andtopromotethedevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces.
5.1986Podniky vlastněné všemi lidmiReforma zahájena
December5,1986,TheStateCouncilissuedthe"RegulationsonDeepeningEnterpriseReformandEnhancingEnterpriseVitality."The"Regulations"proposethatsmallenterprisesownedbythewholepeoplecanactivelytryoutleasingandcontractingoperations.Largeandmedium-sizedenterprisesownedbythewholepeoplemustimplementvariousformsofoperatingresponsibilitysystems.Localitiescanchooseafewqualifiedlargeandmedium-sizedenterprisesownedbythewholepeopletoconductjoint-stockpilotprojects.
6. V roce 1987 byla navržena základní cesta „jedno centrum, dva základní body“
October25th-November1st,1987,ChinaThe13thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartywasheld.ZhaoZiyangmadeareporton"AlongtheRoadofSocialismwithChineseCharacteristics".Thereportelaboratedonthetheoryoftheprimarystageofsocialismandproposedtheparty’sbasiclineof"onecenterandtwobasicpoints"intheprimarystageofsocialism:economicconstructionasthecenter,fourbasicprinciplesasthefoundationofthecountry,andreformandopeningupasthefoundation.Theroadtoastrongcountry.Ithasformulatedathree-stepdevelopmentstrategytoachievemodernizationbythemiddleofthenextcentury,andputforwardthetaskofreformingthepoliticalsystem.
7. V roce 1988 bylo navrženo „Věda a technologie jsou primární produktivní síly“
DengXiaopingmetwithCzechoslovakPresidentHusakonSeptember5,1988,Putforwardthefamousthesisthat"scienceandtechnologyaretheprimaryproductiveforces".OnMarch13,1985,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinamadethe"DecisionontheReformoftheScienceandTechnologySystem."The"Decision"pointedoutthatmodernscienceandtechnologyarethemostactiveanddecisivefactorinthenewsocialproductiveforces,andthewholepartymustattachgreatimportancetoandgivefullplaytothetremendousroleofscienceandtechnology.Atthesametime,themaintasksofthecurrentscientificandtechnologicalsystemreformarestipulated.
8. Reforma socialistického tržního ekonomického systému v roce 1992
October12-18,1992,the14thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaThecongresswasheldinBeijing.JiangZeminmadeareporton"Acceleratingthepaceofreform,openingup,andmodernization,andwinninggreatervictoriesinthecauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics."Thereportsummarized14yearsofpracticalexperiencesincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,anddecidedtoseizetheopportunitytoacceleratedevelopment;determinedthatthegoalofChina’seconomicsystemreformwastoestablishasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;andproposedusingComradeDengXiaopingtobuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Armthewholeparty.TheCongresspassedthe"ConstitutionoftheCommunistPartyofChina(Amendment)",whichincludedthetheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandtheparty'sbasiclineintothepartyconstitution.Forthefirsttimeintheparty'shistory,thegoalmodelforestablishingasocialistmarketeconomicsystemwasclearlyputforward.
9.Založeno v roce 1993Moderní podnikový systém
FromNovember11toNovember14,1993,theThirdPlenarySessionofthe14thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheld.Theplenumpassedthe"DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonSeveralIssuesConcerningtheEstablishmentofaSocialistMarketEconomicSystem."Theplenumpointedoutthatthesocialistmarketeconomicsystemisintegratedwiththebasicsocialistsystem.
10. Reforma daňového a daňového systému v roce 1993
Dne 15. prosince 1993 rozhodla Státní rada o zavedení systému fiskálního řízení se sdílením daní. 25. prosince 1993 přijala Státní rada "Rozhodnutí o reformě finančního systému."
11. 1994Komplexní reforma systému zahraničního obchodu
OnJanuary11,1994,theStateCouncilmadethe"DecisiononFurtherDeepeningtheReformoftheForeignTradeSystem",PutsforwardthatthegoalsofChina’sforeigntradesystemreformare:unifiedpolicies,openoperations,equalcompetition,self-financing,integrationofindustryandtrade,theimplementationofanagencysystem,andtheestablishmentofanoperatingmechanismthatadaptstotheprevailingrulesoftheinternationaleconomy.
12. V letech 1992 a 1994 byly implementovány trhově orientované reformy lékařského bydlení
In1985,underthebackgroundofChina’sreformandopeningup,themedicalandhealthsystemAlsostartedtheprocessofreform.Thecoreideaofthemedicalreformistodecentralizepowerandtransferprofitsandexpandtheautonomyofhospitals.Thegovernment'sattitudetowardsthehealthcarereformis:givenomoneytothepolicy.Itspolicyisthatthepriceofmedicinescanbeincreasedby15%tomakeupforthelackofgovernmentinput.Inthe1990s,medicalreformmadewavesagain.InSeptember1992,theMinistryofHealth,basedontheopinionoftheStateCouncil,proposedthathospitalsshould"helpdoctorswithwork"and"subsidizethechiefwithdeputy."In2000,thereformgraduallydevelopedindepth,touchingondeep-seatedissuessuchassystem,mechanism,andstructure.InMarch2000,theGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilforwardedthe"GuidingOpinionsontheReformoftheUrbanMedicalandHealthSystem"oftheeightministriesandcommissions,commonlyknownasthe"14Articles"ofthemedicalreform;inMay2001,theGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilforwardedthe"RegulationsontheRuralMedicalandHealthSystemGuidingOpinionsonReform.
13. Reforma marketingu bydlení
OnJuly18,1994,theStateCouncilmadethe"DecisiononDeepeningtheReformoftheUrbanHousingSystem",clarifyingthebasiccontentofthereformoftheurbanhousingsystem,includingtheThemethodofdistributionwaschangedtoamonetarywagedistributionbasedondistributionaccordingtowork,theestablishmentofahousingprovidentfundsystem,andsoon.Thepromulgationofthe"Decision"openedthedoortothecommercializationofurbanhousing,markingtheestablishmentofChina'scomprehensivehousingmarketizationreform.Itsgreatestsignificanceistosteadilypromotethesaleofpublichousing.Throughthesaleoforiginalpublichousingtourbanemployees,ithasgraduallycompletedTheprocessofprivatizationofhousinginChina.OnJuly3,1998,theStateCouncilissuedthe"NoticeoftheStateCouncilonFurtherDeepeningtheReformoftheUrbanHousingSystemandSpeedingupHousingConstruction."Itispreciselybecausethisdocumentabolishedthesystemofphysicaldistributionofhousingandclearedout"competitors"forthedevelopmentofcommercialhousing,therebyestablishingthemarket'sdominantpositionofcommercialhousing.
14. V roce 1995 byl navržen cíl „dvou zásadních změn“
September25-28,1995,theFifthMiddleSchoolofthe14thCCPTheplenarymeetingwasheld.Theplenumpassedthe"RecommendationsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonFormulatingtheNinthFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentandLong-TermGoalsfor2010."The"Proposal"putsforwardthatthekeytoachievingtheNinthFive-YearPlanandthe2010long-termgoalsistoimplementtwofundamentalchangesofoverallsignificance.Oneisthetransformationoftheeconomicsystemfromatraditionalplannedeconomicsystemtoasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;Themodeofeconomicgrowthhaschangedfromextensivetointensive.
15. V roce 1996 bylo dosaženo významného pokroku v systému řízení zahraničních směn
OnDecember1,1996,ChinabegantoacceptArticle8oftheInternationalMonetaryFundAgreement,ImplementtheconvertibilityofRMBunderthecurrentaccount.
16.V roce 1997 navrhl 15. národní kongres Komunistické strany Číny základní program strany v primární fázi socialismu
9,1997From12thto18th,the15thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldinBeijing.ItsystematicallyandcompletelyputforwardanddiscussedtheParty’sbasicprogramintheprimarystageofsocialism:buildingasocialisteconomywithChinesecharacteristicsistobuildasocialisteconomy.Undertheconditionsofsocialism,developamarketeconomyandcontinuouslyliberateanddevelopproductiveforces;tobuildasocialistpoliticswithChinesecharacteristicsistogovernthecountrybylawanddevelopsocialistdemocraticpoliticsundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandonthebasisofthepeoplebeingthemastersofthecountry;buildingasocialistdemocraticpoliticswithChinesecharacteristicsThesocialistcultureisguidedbyMarxism,withthegoalofcultivatingideal,ethical,educated,anddisciplinedcitizens,anddevelopingasocialistcultureofthemassesthatismodernized,world-oriented,andfuture-oriented,nationalandscientific..ThismeetingincorporatedDengXiaopingTheoryastheparty'sguidingideologyintothepartyconstitution.
17. V roce 1999 bylo jasnéže neveřejný sektor ekonomiky je důležitou součástí socialistického tržního hospodářství
Thereportofthe"15thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina"wasfirstproposedin1997"Thenon-publicownershipeconomyisanimportantpartofthesocialistmarketeconomy."
March5-15,1999,theSecondSessionoftheNinthNationalPeople'sCongresswasheldinBeijing.ThemeetingpassedanamendmenttotheConstitutionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,clarifyingthatthenon-publicownershipeconomyisanimportantpartofChina'ssocialistmarketeconomyandhasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces.
18. Navrženo v roce 1999Strategie pro západní rozvoj
22. března 1999 předložila Státní rada několik stanovisek k rozvoji ve velkém měřítku, aby dále podpořila rozvoj západního regionu ve velkém měřítku.
19. V roce 2001 se Čína oficiálně stala členem WTO
OnNovember11,2001,theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)washeldinDoha,Qatar.TheFourthMinisterialConferencepassedthelegaldocumentofChina'saccessiontotheWTO,whichmarkedthatafter15yearsofhardwork,ChinafinallybecameanewmemberoftheWTO.ItmarksthatChina'sopeningtotheoutsideworldhasenteredanewstage.
20. V roce 2002 16. národní kongres Komunistické strany Číny potvrdil komplexní výstavbuAwell-offsocietyCíl boje společnosti
The16thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaisbasedonthefoundationthatChinahassolvedtheproblemoffoodandclothingandthatthepeople’slivingstandardshavereachedawell-offlevel.Itfurtherputforwardtheconceptofbuildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Awell-offsocietywithahigherlevelofpopulationwillmaketheeconomymoredeveloped,democracymoresound,scienceandeducationmoreadvanced,culturemoreprosperous,societymoreharmonious,andpeople'slivesmoresubstantial.Atthismeeting,theimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents"waswrittenintothepartyconstitutionastheparty'sguidingideology.
21. V roce 2003 revitalizujte ostatní staré oblasti na severuIndustrialBaseNavrhovaná strategie
2003OnSeptember10,theexecutivemeetingoftheStateCouncilstudiedandimplementedthestrategyforrevitalizingthenortheastandotheroldindustrialbases,andputforwardtheguidingideology,principles,tasks,andpolicymeasuresforrevitalizingthenortheast.
22.V roce 2004 bylo vyhlášeno "Devět článků státu" na podporu rozvoje kapitálového trhu
OnJanuary31,2004,the"StateCouncil’sRegardingPromotingtheReformandOpeningofCapitalMarketSeveralOpinionsonEconomicandStableDevelopmentwereissued,clearlystatingthatvigorouslydevelopingthecapitalmarketisofgreatsignificancetoChina’sstrategicgoalofquadruplingthenationaleconomyinthefirst20yearsofthe21stcentury.
23. V roce 2004 provedly státní komerční banky reformy společných akcií
BankofChinaCo.,Ltd.a ChinaConstructionBankCo.,Ltd.byly založeny 26. srpna 2004. Den a 21. září byly zřízeny.
24. Ochrana soukromého majetku byla začleněna do Ústavy v roce 2004
OnMarch14,2004,thefourthsessionoftheSecondSessionoftheTenthNationalPeople’sCongresswasdeliberatedandapprovedTheconstitutionalamendment,"citizens'lawfulprivatepropertyshallnotbeviolated","thestaterespectsandprotectshumanrights"andothercontentsarewrittenintotheconstitution.Itmeetstheobjectiveneedsofprotectingprivateproperty,expandsthescopeofprotectionofprivateproperty,andfurtherimprovestheprivatepropertyprotectionsystem.Strengtheningtheprotectionofcitizens’legalprivatepropertyisconducivetoupholdingandimprovingthebasiceconomicsystem,andpromotingthedevelopmentofnon-publicownershipoftheeconomy;conducivetoguaranteeingtherealizationofcitizens’rightsandadvancingtheruleoflaw;conducivetomobilizingtheenthusiasmandcreativityofthebroadmassesofpeopleinacomprehensivemannerBuildawell-offsociety.
25. Zemědělská daňová nařízení z roku 2005 zrušena
OnDecember29,2005,theNineteenthMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheTenthNationalPeople’sCongresspassedthe"RegardingtheRepeal"DecisionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonAgriculturalTaxRegulations",thenewChina'sagriculturaltaxregulationsthathavebeenimplementedfornearly50yearshavebeenabolishedinaccordancewiththelaw,andataxthathaslastedformorethantwothousandyearsinChinahascometoanend.
26.V roce 2005 byla navržena výstavba nového socialistického venkova.Nový socialistický venkovDůležitý historický úkol
2005OnOctober11,2005,theFifthPlenarySessionofthe16thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinapassedthe"ProposalsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonFormulatingtheEleventhFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment",whichclarifiedthegoalsandactionsforChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopmentinthenextfiveyears.Theprogramputsforwardthemajorhistoricaltaskofbuildinganewsocialistcountryside,andpointsoutthedirectionfordoingthe"threerural"workwellatpresentandforaperiodoftimeinthefuture.
27. V roce 2005Reforma obchodování s akciemiPilot zahájen
ApprovedbytheStateCouncil,ChinaOnApril29,2005,theChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommissionissuedthe"NoticeonIssuesConcerningthePilotReformoftheEquityDivisionReformofListedCompanies",announcingthelaunchofthepilotprogramforthenon-tradableequityreform.
28. Madein2006Budování socialistické harmonické společnostiZásadní rozhodnutí
October2006TheSixthPlenarySessionofthe16thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaheldfrom8to11passedthe"DecisionsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonSeveralMajorIssuesinBuildingaHarmoniousSocialistSociety."Forthefirsttimeinthehistoryofourparty,"improvingtheabilitytobuildaharmonioussocialistsociety"isclearlyproposedasanimportantaspectoftheparty'sabilitytogovern.ThepropositionofthisimportantconclusionisanimportantenrichmentanddevelopmentofMarxisttheory,anditisanothertheoreticalsublimationofourpartyonwhatissocialismandhowtobuildsocialism.
29.V roce 2007 byl vyhlášenzákon o vlastnictví"
Zákon o majetku Čínské lidové republiky byl zveřejněn v roce Byl přijat na pátém zasedání desátého národního lidového kongresu 16. března 2007 a vstoupil v platnost 1. října 2007.
30. The ScientificOutlookonDevelopment byl zapsán do Ústavy strany v roce 2007
Thescientificoutlookondevelopment,itsconnotationisacomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentoutlook,whichisrightTheinheritanceanddevelopmentoftheimportantthoughtsondevelopmentofthethreegenerationsofthecentralleadershipcollectiveofthepartyisaconcentratedexpressionoftheMarxistworldviewandmethodologyondevelopment,andisinthesamelineasMarxism-Leninism,MaoZedongThought,DengXiaopingTheoryandtheimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents"ScientifictheoriesthatkeeppacewiththetimesareanimportantguidingprincipleforChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopment,andamajorstrategicideathatmustbeadheredtoandimplementedtodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Incorporatingthescientificoutlookondevelopmentintothepartyconstitutionisthescientificpositioningofthescientificoutlookondevelopmentmadebythe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina,anditisalsoanimportanthistoricalcontributionofthe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina.
Historický uzel
Návštěva DengXiaopinga ve Spojených státech
OnJanuary1,1979,ChinaandtheUnitedStatesformallyestablisheddiplomaticrelations,28Afterdays,DengXiaopingwasinvitedtovisittheUnitedStates.ThisisthefirstvisitbyaChineseleadertotheUnitedStatesafterthefoundingofNewChina.
SpecialZoneShenzhen
InAugust1980,the18thmeetingoftheFifthNationalPeople’sCongressdecidedtoapprovetheestablishmentofShenzhen,Zhuhai,ShantouandXiamenproposedbytheStateCouncil.Specialeconomiczoneshavethusbegunaneweraofreformandopeningupincoastalcities.
14coastalopencity
V roce 1984 se Ústřední výbor CPCC rozhodl dále otevřít 14 pobřežních přístavních měst:Dalian,Qinhuangdao,Tianjin,Yantai,Qingdao,Lianyungang,Nantong,Shanghai,Ningbo,Wenzhou,Fuzhou,GuangtotheuiZhani,Shanji. od severu k jihu a stát se hranicí otevření Číny vnějšímu světu.
Základní národní zásady pro plánování rodiny
Asearlyas1957,ProfessorMaYinchu,thefirstpresidentofPekingUniversityinNewChina,recognizedChina’spopulationproblemandproposedInthenewpopulationtheory,hescreamed,"Controllingthepopulationisanurgentmatter."However,atthetime,someleadersofthecountrybelievedthat"Manypeoplemakethingseasier."Asaresult,"thewrongbatchofapersongavebirthtoseveralhundredmillionmore."In1980,thestateofficiallyestablished"familyplanning"asabasicnationalpolicy.
Dobrý den, soudruhu Xiaopingu
AttheNationalDayCeremonyin1984,peoplemayforgetthegrandmilitaryparadeorthesplendidfireworksshow,butpeoplewillnotforgettheparadeTheaspirationsoftheChinesepeoplefromthestudentsofPekingUniversity:"Hello,ComradeXiaoping."
OneMillionOdzbrojení
1985isChina's"disarmamentyear."TheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmyhaslaidoff1millionemployeesandhasmaintainedworldpeacewithitsownpracticalactions.
ShanghaiPudong
TheShanghaiPudongEconomicDevelopmentZone,establishedin1990,hasdevelopedveryrapidly.Afterashortperiodof10years,ShanghaiPudonghasbecomeanothermajoreconomicandfinancialcenterofChina.
Jižní cesta do Xiaopingu
Jižní cesta DengXiaopinga v Šanghaji je „jižní řeč“ (také známá jako jižní řeč)
AfterComradeXiaoping’ssoutherntour,ChinachangedInthepast,theformulationoftheestablishmentofaplannedcommodityeconomyformallyproposedtheestablishmentanddevelopmentofasocialistmarketeconomy,bringingthereformtoanewroundofclimax.
50thAnniversaryoftheVictoryoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan
ChineseandJapaneseyouthsattheMemorialHalloftheChinesePeople'sWarofResistanceAgainstJapan
1995isthe50thanniversaryofthevictoryoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan.ProgressiveyouthsfromJapanbroughtthousandsofpapercranesthatsymbolizedpeacetotheWarMemorialoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression.Theydisplayedthebannerof"ChinaandJapanhavebeenfriendlyforgenerationsandwillneverfightagain"toexpresstheircommonyearningforpeace.
Projekt Three Gorges
Projekt ThreeGorges-RiverClosure
14. prosince 1994 byl oficiálně zahájen projekt Tři soutěsky. Od té doby byl projekt Tři soutěsky komplexního vodního hospodářství, který má za sebou téměř 40 let průzkumu, návrhu a výzkumu, v plném proudu a projekt potrvá 8. 9. 9. roku.
Beijing-KowloonRailway
OnNovember16,1995,theBeijing-KowloonRailwaywithatotallengthofmorethan2,500kilometerswasopenedtotraffic.DajingjiustartsfromBeijinginthenorth,andrunsthrough9provincesandcitiesinthesouthtoKowloon,creatingthefivehighestrailwayconstructionsinChina:thelongestroadconstructionatatime,themostinvestment,theshortestconstructionperiod,thelatesttechnologyandequipment,andthegeologyandtopographyoftheroute.Theconditionsarethemostcomplicated.
Obnovte systém vstupních zkoušek na vysokou školu
In1977,therestorationofthecollegeentranceexaminationsysteminterruptedbytheCulturalRevolutionmadeChineseyoungpeoplewhohadbeendeprivedoftheiryouthfor10yearsrejoiced.Thisyear'scollegeentranceexaminationisheldinwinter.Itissaidthatbetween5.7millionand10millionpeoplesignedup.Intheend,273,000peoplewereadmittedacrossthecountry.The"GangofFour"theorythat"Iwouldratherhaveanuneducatedlaborerthananeducatedspiritualaristocrat"hasbecomealaughingstockinChinesehistory.
Zahraniční přátelé se učí čínskou kulturu
Afterthereformandopeningup,foreignfriendshavedevelopedakeeninterestinChineseculture.SomeofthempersonallycametoChinatotakeawalkandtakealook;somelearnedaboutChinathroughChinesebooksandfilms,andtheremarkableprogressofChina'stourismindustrybegantomovetowardsanewclimax.
Země úcty ke starším
Sofar,China’sagingpopulationhasreachedmorethan100million.Whethertheagingproblemcanbedealtwithwellisrelatedtothewell-beingofeveryfamily.EspeciallyaftertheimplementationofthefamilyplaninChina,eachcouplewillhaveonlyonechild,whichmeansthatafterafewyears,thenextgenerationofonlychildrenwhogrowupwillbearfourelderlypeopleineachfamily.Thiswillbecomeaserioussocialproblem.
SichuanNizhongBuddhistCollege
TheSichuanNizhongBuddhistCollege,whichwasbornintheautumnof1984,isthefirstinstitutionofhigherlearninginChinatotrainchildrentolearnmonks.AftertheCulturalRevolution,theChinesegovernmentimplementedthe"FreedomofReligiousBelief"stipulatedintheConstitution,andreligiousundertakingshavebeenextensivelyprotectedanddevelopedrapidly.
ProjectHope
Děti, které chtějí číst
15. dubna 1991 byl realizován „Projekt Naděje-stovka„Akce Deset tisíc lásky“ a všechny sektory společnosti věnovaly peníze a materiály projektu Hope a charita přitahovaly nebývalou pozornost.
Čtvrtá světová konference o ženách
TheUnitedNationsFourthWorldConferenceonWomenwasheldinBeijinginthefallof1995.Inordertoachievethegoalofequalitybetweenmenandwomen,womenrepresentativesfromallcountriesfromthefivecontinentsoftheworldgatheredtogetherandpassedthe"BeijingDeclaration"and"PlatformofAction."
Z povídání o "sex" změně barvy za olejomalbu na výstavě těla
Lidské olejomalby
ForChinesepeoplewhohavealwaysbeentaboototalkabout"sex",The"OilPaintingBodyArtExhibition"heldattheNationalArtMuseumofChinainBeijingin1988wasastrongpsychologicalshock.Thenumberofvisitorsin18daysexceeded200,000,whichwasthehighestnumberofvisitorsinthehistoryofthemuseum.
PekingPekingOperaTheatrewenttoTaiwantoperform
AgroupphotoofMeiBaojiu,ShiHongtu,YangShaochunandMr.ZhangXueliang.
TheperformancetroupetoTaiwanformedbytheBeijingPekingOperaTheaterperformed14performancesinTaipeifromApril12toMay1,1993,whichcausedahugesensation.Mr.ZhangXueliang,whoisinhis90s,watchedthedramathreetimesandtookagroupphotowiththeactors.
Čínský ženský volejbalový tým poprvé vyhrál mistrovství
InNovember1981,theChineseWomen’sVolleyballTeamwonthethirdWomen’sVolleyballWorldCupwithaseven-matchvictory.champion.ThisisthefirsttimethatChinahaswontheworldchampionshipinthethreemajorworldbasketball,volleyballandfootballgames.Sincethen,theChinesewomen'svolleyballteamhaswonrepeatedlyandwonthe"fiveconsecutivechampionships".
„Nulový průlom“ na olympijských hrách
23. olympijské hry
Atthe23rdOlympicGamesheldinLosAngeles,USAin1984,theChinesedelegationwon15goldmedals,eightsilvermedals,andninebronzemedals.ThisachievementbrokethesituationwhereChinahadneverwonagoldmedalintheOlympics,andwashailedasthe"zerobreakthrough"inthehistoryoftheChineseOlympics.
The11thAsianGames
The11thAsianGamesisthefirstcomprehensiveinternationalsportscompetitionheldbyChina.ItwasheldinBeijingbetweenSeptemberandOctober1990.TheChinesesportsdelegationtoppedthelistwithatotalof341medals.
11th PanchenLama
OnJanuary12,1996,PresidentJiangZeminacceptedthegreetingsfromthe11thPanchenLamaandtheTashiLunpoMonasteryAppreciationGroup.The11thPanchenLamapresentedaHadatoChairmanJiang.Afterthedeathofthe10thPanchenLama,accordingtothecustomsofTibetanBuddhism,thecentralgovernmentestablishedaPanchenLama'sreincarnationgrouptosearchforthe11thPanchenLama.OnthemorningofNovember29,1995,infrontofthestatueofSakyamuniattheJokhangTemple,alotterywasheldforthegoldenvase,anditwasdeterminedthatGyaltsenNorbuwasthe11thPanchenErdeni.Inthemorning,theceremonywasheld.OnDecember8,asittingceremonywasheldatTashilhunpoMonasteryinXigaze.
Internetová klíčová slova
Tři revoluce a charakterizující socialismus s Čínou, harmonická společnost a olympijské hry v Pekingu
Commemorativeactivities
Collectivelearning
The18thPolitburooftheCPCCentralCommitteeDecember31,2012afternoonCarryoutthesecondcollectivestudyonunswervinglyadvancingreformandopeningup.Whenpresidingoverthestudy,XiJinping,thegeneralsecretaryoftheCPCCentralCommittee,emphasizedthatreformandopeningupisalong-term,arduous,andarduousundertakingthatmustbecarriedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Wemustadheretothereformdirectionofthesocialistmarketeconomy,adheretothebasicnationalpolicyofopeningtotheoutsideworld,usegreaterpoliticalcourageandwisdom,misstheopportunitytodeepenreformsinimportantareas,andmoveforwardcourageouslyinthedirectionofreformandopeningguidedbythe18thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina.
XiJinpingemphasizedthatwemustconscientiouslysumupandusethesuccessfulexperienceofreformandopeningup.Hemadefivecommentsonthis.
First,reformandopeningupisaprofoundrevolution,andwemuststicktotherightdirectionandproceedalongtherightpath.Ontheissueofdirection,wemustbeveryclear-headed,continuetopromotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystem,andunswervinglyfollowthepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.
Secondly,reformandopeningupisanunprecedentedbrand-newundertaking.Wemustadheretothecorrectmethodologyandadvanceitthroughcontinuouspracticeandexploration.CrossingtheriverbyfeelingthestonesisareformmethodwithChinesecharacteristicsandinlinewithChina'snationalconditions.Tocrosstheriverbyfeelingthestonesistofeelthelawsandgaintrueknowledgefrompractice.Crossingtheriverbyfeelingthestonesandstrengtheningthetop-leveldesignaredialecticalandunified.Thepromotionofpartialphasedreformandopeningupmustbecarriedoutunderthepremiseofstrengtheningthetop-leveldesign,andthestrengtheningofthetop-leveldesignmustbeplannedonthebasisofpromotingpartialphasedreformandopeningup.Itisnecessarytostrengthenmacro-thinkingandtop-leveldesign,paymoreattentiontothesystem,integrity,andcoordinationofreforms.Atthesametime,wemustcontinuetoencourageboldexperimentsandbreakthroughs,andcontinuetodeepenreformandopeningup.
Third,reformandopeningupisasystematicproject,andcomprehensivereformsmustbeadheredtoandpromotedinthecoordinationandcooperationofvariousreforms.Reformandopeningupisaprofoundandcomprehensivesocialchange.Eachreformwillhaveanimportantimpactonotherreforms,andeachreformrequiresthecoordinationofotherreforms.Itisnecessarytopaymoreattentiontothemutualpromotionandbenigninteractionofvariousreforms,toadvanceasawhole,tomakebreakthroughsinkeypoints,andtoformastrongjointforcetopromotereformandopeningup.
Fourth,stabilityistheprerequisiteforreformanddevelopment,andtheunityofreform,development,andstabilitymustbeadheredto.Onlywithsocialstabilitycanreformanddevelopmentcontinuetoadvance;onlywithcontinuousadvancementofreformanddevelopmentcansocialstabilityhaveasolidfoundation.Itisnecessarytopersistinunifyingtheintensityofreform,thespeedofdevelopment,andthedegreetowhichsocietycanbearit,andtheimprovementofpeople'slivesshouldberegardedastheintegrationpointforcorrectlyhandlingtherelationshipbetweenreform,developmentandstability.
Fifth,reformandopeningupisthecauseofhundredsofmillionsofpeople.Wemustadheretorespectforthepeople’spioneeringspiritandinsistonadvancingundertheleadershipoftheparty.Everybreakthroughanddevelopmentintheunderstandingandpracticeofreformandopeningup,theemergenceanddevelopmentofeverynewthinginreformandopeningup,andthecreationandaccumulationofexperienceineveryaspectofreformandopeningup,allcomefromthepracticeandwisdomofhundredsofmillionsofpeople.Themoreonerousthetaskofreform,developmentandstability,themorewemuststrengthenandimprovetheleadershipoftheparty,themorewemustmaintaintheflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthepartyandthemasses,begoodatleadingthepeopleforwardbyproposingandimplementingcorrectlines,principlesandpolicies,andbegoodatcreatinganddevelopingfromthepeople’spractice.Chinaisrequiredtoimproveitspolicypropositions,sothattheresultsofreformanddevelopmentwillbenefitallthepeoplemoreandmoreequitably,andcontinuetoconsolidatethemassfoundationfordeepeningreformandopeningup.
XiJinpingemphasizedthatreformandopeningupcanonlybecarriedoutwhilenotbeingcompleted.Withoutreformandopeningup,therewouldbenoChinatodayandnoChinatomorrow.Thecontradictionsinreformandopeningupcanonlyberesolvedbyreformandopeningup.WemustfullyimplementthespiritoftheEighteenthNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina,adheretoDengXiaopingTheory,theimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents",andthescientificdevelopmentconceptastheguidance,activelyrespondtothestrongcallsandardentexpectationsofthebroadmassesofpeoplefordeepeningreformandopeningup,andbuildsocialconsensus.Coordinateandpromotereformsinallfieldsandlinks,andstrivetoadvancereformandopeningup.
Slavnostní setkání
Hlavní téma:Oslava 40. výročí reformy a otevření
Související položky:40. výročí Reformy a otevření、Velké změny – výstava ve velkém měřítku oslavující 40. výročí reformy a otevření
Historicalexperience
XiJinpingdeliveredanimportantspeechatthecelebrationofthe40thanniversaryofreformandopeningup,expoundingthevaluableexperienceaccumulatedinthepast40yearsofreformandopeningup,andemphasizingthatwemustcherishit,sticktoitforalongtime,andcontinuetoenrichanddevelopinpractice.Hesaidthatwemustupholdtheparty’sleadershipoverallworkandcontinuouslystrengthenandimprovetheparty’sleadership;wemustadheretothepeople-centeredapproachandcontinuetorealizethepeople’syearningforabetterlife;wemustupholdtheguidingpositionofMarxismandcontinuetopromotetheoriesbasedonpractice.Innovation;wemustadheretothepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andcontinuetoadheretoanddevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics;wemustcontinuetoimproveanddevelopthesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,andcontinuetoplayandenhancetheadvantagesofChina’ssystem;wemustadheretodevelopmentasthefirstpriorityandcontinuetostrengthenChina'scomprehensivenationalstrength;wemustpersistinexpandingopeningupandcontinuouslypromotethebuildingofacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind;wemustpersistinadministeringthepartystrictlyinanall-roundway,andconstantlyimprovetheparty’screativity,cohesion,andcombateffectiveness;wemustadheretodialecticalmaterialismandhistoricalmaterialismworldoutlookandmethodology,correctDealwiththerelationshipbetweenreform,developmentandstability.
Historicalsignificance
ReformandopeninguparethekeychoiceforthedestinyofcontemporaryChina.ItistheonlywaytodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.OnlythroughreformandopeningupcanChinadevelopInordertodevelopsocialismandMarxism.Thesetwopassagesgiveahigh-levelsummaryofwhywewanttoreform.Weshoulddeeplyunderstandthehigh-leveltheoreticalsummaryputforwardbytheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee.
Thereformhastwoobviouscharacteristics.First,thereformsundertheleadershipofthepartyareaimedatperfectingsocialism.Everymajorreformdecisionisadecisionmadebythecentralgovernmentthroughadecision,whichshowsthatthepartyisactivelypromotingreform.Second,ourreformisgradual,ratherthanaone-stepimplementationlikeinsomecountries.
Theessenceofreformandopeningupistoliberateanddevelopsocialproductiveforces,improveoverallnationalstrength,furtherliberatepeople’sminds,andbuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.ReformandopeningupareanimportantpartofDengXiaopingTheoryandafundamentalpolicyofChina'ssocialistconstruction.Reformincludeseconomicsystemreform,thatis,thereformofahighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemintoasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;politicalsystemreformincludesthedevelopmentofdemocracy,strengtheningthelegalsystem,separatinggovernmentfromenterprise,streamlininginstitutions,improvingthedemocraticsupervisionsystem,andmaintainingstabilityandunity.Openingupmainlyreferstoopeninguptotheoutsideworld,butalsoincludesopeninguptotheinsideinabroadsense.ReformandopeningupisoneofthebasicpointsofthebasiclineoftheCommunistPartyofChinaintheinitialstageofsocialism,anditistheonlywayforChinatobecomeprosperousandstrong.IthasahugeimpactonChina'seconomicdevelopment.
SincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,undertheguidanceofComradeDengXiaoping’stheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,theCommunistPartyofChinaandthepeoplehavebeendeterminedtoreformandstrivehard,andthewholecountryhasbeenfullofvitality,andthelandofChinahastakenplace.Greathistoricalchanges.Socialproductiveforceshavegainednewliberation.Thepoliticalsituationofstabilityandunityhasbeencontinuouslyconsolidated.Theproblemoffoodandclothingfor1.1billionpeoplehasbasicallybeensolved,andthepopulationismovingtowardsawell-offsociety.China'seconomicconstructionhasreachedabigstage,thepeople'slivelihoodhasreachedabigstage,andtheoverallnationalstrengthhasreachedabigstage.Inthecontextofrapidchangesintheworld,China'ssocialistsystemhaswithstoodseveretestsandhasshowngreatvitality.
Čínská reforma a otevření přineslo pozoruhodné úspěchy. Prostřednictvím této velké reformy a otevření se podařilo dosáhnout tří velkých přechodů:
ThefirstgreattransitionisthetransitionfromahighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemtoThetransformationofthesocialistmarketeconomysystemfullofvigorandvitality;
Thesecondgreatturningpointisthetransformationfromaclosedandsemi-closedsocietytoafullyopensociety;
ThethirdgreatturningpointItisthetransformationofpeople'slivesfromsubsistencetoabasicwell-offsociety.Withoutreformandopeningup,itisimpossibletoachievethreegreatchanges.
So,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeproposedthatreformandopeninguparethekeychoiceforcontemporaryChina’sdestiny.
Whenourcountry’sdevelopmentstandsatanewhistoricalstartingpoint,wemustadapttotheprofoundchangesintheeconomicsystem,theprofoundchangesinthesocialstructure,theprofoundadjustmentofthepatternofinterests,theprofoundchangesinideology,andtheunprecedentedopportunitiesthepartyfaces.Thechallengeswearefacingarealsounprecedentednewsituationsandnewsituations.Wewillfurtherbuildconsensusonreforms,strengthenthedirectionofreforms,andimprovereformmeasures.Historyhasproventhatreformandopeningupistheinevitablerequirementandfundamentaldrivingforcefortheliberationanddevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces,andthecontinuousinnovationofvibrantsystemsandmechanisms.ItistheonlywaytodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandrealizethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.OnlysocialismcansaveChina,andonlyreformandopeningupcandevelopChina,developsocialism,anddevelopMarxism.
Thereportofthe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinapointedoutthatreformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionledbythepeopleundertheconditionsofthenewera.TobecomeprosperousandrejuvenatethegreatChinesenation;topromotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentoftheChinesesocialistsystem,togivenewvigortosocialism,tobuildanddevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics;tostrengthenandimprovethepartywhileleadingthedevelopmentandprogressofcontemporaryChinaTomaintainanddeveloptheparty’sadvancednature,ensurethatthepartyisalwaysintheforefrontofthetimes,andenablethepartyandthecountrytodeveloprapidly.
Atthemeetingcelebratingthe40thanniversaryofreformandopeningup,XiJinpingsaidthatreformandopeningupisagreatawakeningofourparty,anditisthisgreatawakeningthatgavebirthtoourparty’sgreatcreationfromtheorytopractice.ReformandopeningupisagreatrevolutioninthehistoryofthedevelopmentoftheChinesepeopleandtheChinesenation.ItisthisgreatrevolutionthathaspromotedthegreatleapofthecauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics!