psychologie

Základní informace

Definice

PsychologySologyStudyofBehavioRandmentalactivity.

The WordpsychologyCologysfromgreek, MessingThescienceofTheSoul.Thesolulsomeansgasorbreatingreek, becauseancientientpeoplebelied thatLifeDependsonbreating, a když se lifeends.WithhedevelopmentOfScience, theObjectOfpsychologyhaschedfromSoulTomind.

Attheendofthe19. století, PsychologybecameanindependentDiscipline.ItWasonlyinthemiddleofThes20TurythatpsychologyHadarelativněunifiedDefinice.

Psychologie, AsAscience, začalo1879WHegermanscholarwundtwasInfluedbytHenaturalsciencesSychologicallaboratoryanserated fromspeculativephilosophyandbecameaNindentSdiscipline.

V roce 1879, GermanscholarwundtwasinfluedByNaturalscienceandeStabledThefirstpsychologicallaboratoratoratoryAtleipziguniversity, označováníbirthofscientificpsychology.

(1)mentalprocess(mentalprocess)referstothedynamicprocessofaperson’spsychologicalphenomena.Zahrnující výrobu poznažení, emocing a bude odrážet.

TheProcessofCognitionTheprocesOfCognition, které sethestologickologicalprocessoftheIndividual'scceptance, kódování, skladování, extractionaplikaceOfcognitiveInformationInPractiCactivitivity.Itmainlyincludesperception, myšlení, paměť a.

TheMotionProcesStheexperienceofanindividual'SatTitudeTowardsThingsInPraktickýActivities.

TheVolitionProcessisapsychologicalProcessinwhichanIndividualConsioussiousSeterMinesinesagoal, adjustsandcowsowactionscordingtothegoal, překonané, aChievesApdereterMinedGoal.

TheABoveTHREPROCESSESSARENOTISOLATEDFOMEACHORTOR, butareconlectedSintedswitheachOtherToformThreedFerentAsPectsOftheIndividual'srganicunityofPsychologicalProcess.

(2)Inpidualmind(inpidualmind)isacombinationofvariousrelativelystablepsychologicalphenomenaformedbyapersoninthepracticeofsociallife.Včetně členění, osobnosti charakteristika aregulace asonality atd.., odráží -liindividualsideofPeople'SpsychologicalPhenomena.

OsobnostTendenceSthePowerSystemThhatPushesPePleoCarryoutactivities.Itreflectspeople'StendenceandPursuiseoftheworldaroundthem.Itmainlyincludesneeds,motives,interests,ideals,beliefs,values​​andworldviews.

Osobnost CharacteristicsAresSentionallandStablePsychologicalCharacteristics THEATHENAPPeaRinindividuals.ItmainlyincludeSemperament, charakterizovatelnost.

Consciousness(consciousness)referstothepsychologicalphenomenonthatiscurrentlybeingperceivedbytheindividual.FORECTOMPLED, WHOWEPERFormMemoryActivities, WecanbeawareofThepurposeofTheMoryActivity, TheObjectOfMemory, theMemoryMetdused, TheMemoryeftachided, andEventhecharacteristicsOfourownMemory, atd. Atd. Atd. Atd..SUCMEMORYACTIVITITISITISESInStateofCCIENCESS.From -The -The -AningnessSObject, ItcanbediDidedInto:

ObjectCovědomkyreferstotheindiindividual'scowssenSessofThesurroundingworld.

Sebevědomí, které je možné uvědomit, awareSoNoSonefandoneSlElfandSurroundings;

Vztahy.

Inmemorypsychology, theformerisamemoryphenomenon, athelatlatrisametamemoryPhenomenonononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononu.

Unconsciousness(unconsciousness)referstoapsychologicalphenomenonthatisnotcurrentlybeingnoticedbytheindividual.TakeMeMoryasanexample.Někdywedon'thavethepurposeofreaMoringaceAnceScectofTheContent, NordowewantToreMemberit, butwereMemberItunknownownownownownlyly.Někdy nevíte, že jezdí, že jezdí.Inmemorypsychology, theformerisuncoundingMemory a athelatIrisimplicityMemory.

Příroda

Fromtheperspectiveoftheoccurrenceofpsychologicalphenomena,manistheunityofnaturalattributesandsocialattributes;fromtheperspectiveoftheorgansthatproducepsychologicalphenomena,thenaturalattributesinherentinthehumanbrainItchangesanddevelopsundertheinfluenceofpeople’ssociallifestyle,anditsskillsarealsotheidentityofnatureandsociety;fromtheperspectiveofthecontentofpsychologicalphenomena,theobjectiverealityreflectedbypeopleistheidentityofsocialexistenceandnaturalreality;frompsychologicalphenomenaIntermsofform,humanpsychologyisaproductofsocietyaswellasaproductofnature.ThescientificProposition, „psychologyishisTheBrain'sReflectionOfObjectIvereality“ sama o sobě.

TheformerSovietUnion’sscientifictaxonomistsKedalovacademicianpositionedpsychologyatthecenterofthe"ScienceTriangle"drawnbythem,andthetriangleThethreetopcornersofthebookarenaturalsciences,socialsciences,andthinkingsciences.Později, s vývojem vývojescienceandtechnology, KedalovmadeasuplementTotheCienceTriangle (SeeFigure1).Headdedamathematicsbetwenatenaturalsciences aphilosophy (Closeronaturalsciences), andatechnicalsciencebetwenateralsciences asocialsciences (blighterTonaturalsciences).PhilosophyandSocialScienceStogetherContitutetheHumanities., MathematicsandphilosophyphytogetherContitutetEthescienceofTinking.

Proto psychologyIsAcompreHensiveSinterDisciplinaryRoRmarginalsUbjectforMedthenSectionSofthinkingscience, Naturalscienceanndsocialscience.Fromtheperspectiveofthepositionofpsychologyintheentirescientificsystemanditsrelationshipwiththem,ithasacloseandinseparablerelationshipwithphilosophy,naturalsciences,andsocialsciences.

Výzkum

VýzkumType

1.DividedFromTheContinuityOfVýzkumTime

Podélný výzkum

"LongitudinalMethod", alsocalledfollow-upresearch, isasystematicandregularstudyofHumanpsychologicalDevelooverArelativeLongPiodoftime.Theamericanpsychologn.Bayleytook61NewbornBabiesStheObjectandTookTecTelectualDevelvementAstheresearchTheme.Od roku 1929,36yearsOfFollow-topobservation aresearchhaveachedmanyimportaresultsinthedevelEvelofHuManIntelligence.ThefamousberkeleygrowthstudyisoneofthelongestlongitudinalStudies.

Podélný výzkumrepeatedlyexaminesthepsychologicalactivitiesandcharacteristicsofthesamesubjectswithinaprescribedperiod,sothattheycanunderstandthedevelopmentandchangeprocessindetailandhaveahighdegreeofcontinuity.Nicméně, adsitiseasieseasilyaftedBysChangesintheSociaLenvironment, a theSampled BookIsAlSoeasytodecrease, a atheMeasuredDataISAEASToafTeeMotionOfTeeSeeTorepeatedMureAncerementsAcuracuracyinacuracyinacuracyinacuracyinacuracyinacuracyinacuracyinacuracyinacuracyinacuracy.

Metoda průřezu

Metoda průřezu,alsocalledMetoda průřezu,itmeasuresthepsychologicaldevelopmentofsubjectsofdifferentagegroupsatthesametimeCheckandcompareresearch.FORMAPLEC, TounStandtHecharacteristicsOfTheMoryDevelopmentOfChildrenaged10-16years, theFourageGroupS10yearsold, 12leté, 14leté, a16yearsoldcanbetest acompareDeTeTemeTimetime..ThisPeofVýzkumSavestime, butisrough, notsystematický a cannotleslyreflecttheproblem.

LongitudinallandhorizontAlVýzkum

Somepeoplecallit „dynamický“ výzkum.ItisaresearchthatcombinesshorizontalandververticalVýzkumFlexvable.

2.DividedFomTheselectionOfVýzkumObjects

Případová studie

Casestudymethod, itisastudyofoneoRafewSubjects.ThisKindofresearchOnFenaDopTSalongudinalTrackingMethod.Forexample, Chenheqin, anearlypsychologologynmycountry, dirigedcrackingstudyonthepsychologicaldevelofhischildren808DaySafterbirth.SomecasestudiesdonotusetrackingMethods, tacistheexperimentalVýzkumofThefamousPsychologpiaget.ItCanconductadetailed, hlouběji a doprovázející sevestigaceFthesubjects, buttherearoofewsubjects, které postihují, které jsou precesentativityandCypicalityofthereSearch.

GroupStudy

GroupStudyMethodistodudygroupopSofSubjects.FromStatisticalPofView, asMallSamplegroupOf30SubjectsisGenerallyuseusedeasthelowerlimit.Thestudyhasalotofsamplesandcanbeused forstatisticalprocessing.Itiscientificandrepresentative, butitisNotConvenientForIndividualin-depThresearch.

Case-GroupStudy

IsastudythatCombinestheabovetWotypeSofVýzkum.

Výzkummethods

PsychologyVýzkumMetHodsArevariousSPecificwaysandsAssesUdesTOSTUDYPsychologicalproblems, včetně TheuseFinstrumentsAndTools.ThereMemaneMereMeresearchMethodsinpsychology, takový, jaksnaturalobservationMethod, experimentální method, vyšetřovací method, testMethod, casemethod atd..

• NaturalObservationMethod

NaturalObservationMethodisapurposefulandplannedUndernaturalconditions,theprocessofcollectingvariousinformationaboutpeople'sbehaviorinsociallifethroughthesensesorwiththehelpofcertainscientificinstruments.

Z thetimeofobservace, itcAnbediviDidedIndollong-tiedobservation areregulalobservation; from-contentofobservation, itcAnBidiDidedIndoCompreHensiveObservationAndationAsKeyObservation.TheFormeristoobServAlthesubjectsinAcervePiodoftime.PsychologicalPerformance, ThelatterFocusesonobservingaceAnceAptofTheSubject'Spsychologicalperformance; FromPerspectiveSofOfServerStatus, itcanbediviDiDiDiDiDiDiDiDiDiDideDidedInDidIdIndoparticationOnsvationAningannon-partiimationObservation.Observation,thelatteristhattheobserverdoesnotparticipateintheactivityofthesubject,andobservesasabystander;fromtheobservationplace,itcanbedividedintoon-siteobservationinnaturalplacesandsituationalobservationinman-madeplaces.

TheadvantageoftheObservationMetdistoMaintainthenaturalnessAndObjektivnostOfPeople'Smentactivitivity a informationObtainedismissorereal.TheDisadvantageIsTatoBServerSareFteninapassivePosition, withpassiveType.Nepříjemná, TheresultSObtainedBetheoBservationMetHodmaySometimesBeasuPificialphenomenon, andthesonsfortheproductionandChangeSofmentalactivitiness.INordertooverCohetheweaknesseSofTheOfTheoBservationMethod, ControlledobservationEmerged, to je, experimentální method.

• Experimentální metoda

ItreferstothemanipulationOfAceReable -UnderControlledConditionStoresearchMethodsfortheinfluenceotherVariables.ItisamethodofpurposedlyControllingCiredConditionSortreatingCiveationSituationStocauseCeCeCecologicalActivitiesOfTheSubjectstobeStudaided.

1.Laboratorní experiment

ThisReferstoemEthodinwhichCiveFacilitySeuseusedInThelaboratory, zaregistrovaný aspecialexperimentalequipmentisusedForresearch.Daleko proxplorelationshipBetween Interendantsvariables a DESPONDENTSVENTAIABLE.ThelaboratoryExperimentMethodfacilitateSstrictControlOfVariouscaktors, astsandrecordsexperimentaldatathroughspecialinstruments, které jegenerallyhaveahighdegreeofreliability.Obvykle používátoStudythepsychologicalProcesSandThephysiologicalMechanisManisMofCivementActivitivity.

2.NaturalexperimentMethod

ThisISaMethodofcreatingandControllingCiveConditionSinaPurposedplandPonentenovanémwayToConducTresearchUnderNaturalConditionssuchdailyLife.

NaturalexperimentMethodisrelativelyclosetotherealityofhumanlife,easytoimplement,andhastheadvantagesofbothexperimentalmethodandobservationmethod,sothismethodiswidelyusedtostudyeducationalpsychology,childpsychologyandsocialpsychologyAlargenumberofcourseslearned.

• Metoda vyšetřování

Metoda vyšetřováníreferstothewayofansweringquestionsinwritingorverbally.PochoptetHodSofmentalactivityofTheSubjects.

The the theAinFeatureofTheInvestigationMethodisthemethodofAskingTherentStOstateTeproForMoFofAquestion.Podle výslechu, thesurveycanbeconductEdonthepersonbeingsurveyed, orbypeoplefamiliarwiththesurveyedperson.The InvestigationMethodCanBedIDideDidedIntotWotypes: PalidInvestigationAndoraLinvestigation.

• Testovací metoda

ItisthepsychologicalTestMethod, který sesesaStandardizedpsychologicaltestscaleorasophistictestingInstrumentTomeAsUrethetSsychologicalqualityFtheSubjects.Forexample, běžně používanýPsychologicalTestsinclude: schopnost testů, charakterů, testy zpravodajství, individuální testy, skupinové testy atd..IntheresearchOfPsychologie managementu, PsychologicalteStUseuseDASatoolForperPerSonSonlassSessment, zaměstnanci, apersonnelPucement.

• Klinický method

Používání experimentalMetHodStostudyDepresAldisorsansansandothermentalDorDissisveryDifficultorimpossible.Infact, mnohopsychologicalExperimentsEmorally nepřijatelné nebo operačně proveditelné.InThiscase, získávání informací oleghasestudiesMaybethebestway.

CaseestuDieSaresometimesRegardedasnaturalclinicaltests, to, thetestsofaccidentalornaturalevereventstcanprovidepsychologicaldata.

TheCaseStudylacksaformalControlgroup a atheconclusionsObtained fromclinicalObservationArelimited.However,whenstudyingrareevents,suchasunusualpsychologicaldisordersandgiftedchildren,clinicalmethodshavespecialvalue(Harding,Fox,&Mehta,2002).CASEstudiesOfPsychotherapyHavealsoprovidedManyusefulSuggestionsFothetReatmenTmenTofeMonalPloblems (Hersen, 2004).

Obecně řečeno, jiné researchMethodscannotconductin-depthStudyofindividualcasesLikeClinicalMethods (Edwards, 1998; Mirskyetal., 2000).

Výzkumtasks

• Popisující psychologickéfakty

FenomenoniscientificlydeinedToestabLisHandDeveloveCompleteandscientificConceptualSystemOfpsychologicalPhenomenainpsychology.Tento involvesthedeterminationofTheCecceptAceptualConnotationAntensionofTheenTirePsychologicalPhenomenon, AssMallasaspecificPsychologicalPhenomenon.

• Odhalení, psychologie

ScientifificPsychologysHousedBelimitedToDescrippingPsychologicalFactions, butshonsTransition fromthiscriptionofThePhenoMenontothePhenomenomenontheexplanation, to, reveallealthelawfolledBoedBeredBeredBeredPhenomena.

V případě, že nejzazší, vývoj, propojené bezpochyby.Otheotherhand, itistostudyThemechanismOftheccurrenceandperformanceofpsychologicphenomena.ITincludesVýzkumOntWolevelsofpsychologicalMechanisMandSanisManisManismMechanism.TheFormerstuDiestHechangesinTheinterrelationshipSamongTheComponentsOntEntentsOntEntesStylologicalStructureInvolvedinpsychologicalPhenomena; ThelatterStuDestHeinterrelationshipsAndephysiologicalBiochemicalComponentsinVentEphepStologicalPhenomena.

• Guidepracticalaplikace

GuidepeopleWhowHoundand a předvídat, ovládací aregulacipeople'SpsychologyIntractice.FORECTOMPLED, Různé testscalesscanbedederedcordingtotheperformanceofvariousPsychologicalPhenomenasuchasIntelligence, osobnost, temperament, zájem, postoj atd.., SoastanderStandpeople'SPsychologicalDevelopmentlelandCharacteristics, andProvideBasIsforTeachStudentsInInAccordancewithIrapTitudeandMatchingrolys.

Výzkumprinciples

• Objektivnost

• Vývojový

• Praktický

• Systematický

• Etický

Výzkumpurposes

1.Porozumění, kteréhoworldinsideandoutside

Učenípsychologycandeepepenpeople'sUnstradingofThem.Během boje, youcanknowwhyyoumakeCeveBehavioři, whatkindofpsylogicctivitiesarehiddenbehindthesebehavioři, awyourpersonita, temperamentandondondonterchacteristicsAracteristics asoon asoon asoon asoon.Forexample, ifyoulearnthelawOfforgetting, youcanknowtheshortcongosOfyourPreviousvocabularyMemorizationMemorizationMethods; ifyouunderstaptabiliabilityOffeelings, youcanexplainwhyyou "entertheroofzhilanandNeversmelliTiTongtime".

Podobně, YouCanalsoapplyThelawSofmentalactiveyouHavelearnedTeinterpersonalCommunication, a infertherintactivitysOfathershroughTheroughTheHehaviorofothers, soastoachiejeeamoreaccurateCognitionofTheexternalwornalllldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldllldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldlldolllldolllldoval.FORMAPLED, Asateacher, ifyouunderstandtheStants'knowledgeBaseandCognitivelevel, AswellastheConditionStoattractStudents'Tatention, YouCanorganizeTingBetterandReceiveGoodTeachingResults..

Za druhé, Adjust aControlBehavior

INADDITIONTOHELINGTOMEDEDESCRIPTIVEExplanationsOfpsychologicalPhenomenaandbehavioři, PsychologyalsAlsOpointsOutTOUSTHelawofTheproduction, Development AdchangeofmentalactivityIsDescripted.Lidé SsychologicalCharacTisticsArestitestable, butheyalsohaveacercoveregreeofplasticity.Proto se wecanpredictaDadJusttheBehaviorofoursands awithInAcersorrange a awecanalsorealizetheregulationOfBehaviorbychangingInterAnLalandexternalfActorscaktors.Itherwords, YouCaneliminateUnfaeableFactorsasMuchaspossible, CreateFariobAblesItuations, andtriggerPositiveBehaviorsOfyourselndothersrothers.FORMACE, WHOWEFINDTHATHATHATHADESOMEBADPsychologicalqualitiesandhabits, WecanuSetheLawSofmentalactivitytofindtheinternalandexternalfActorsTownSownBehaviors, arealizethetransFormationsFownbehaviownBownbehaviownBownBehaviownbehaviownBownbehaviownBehavionEhaviownBehavionEhaviownbehaviownBownBehavionE..Foranotherexample, odměny apunishmentsSusEtheprincipleofconditiodedReflextOplayanimportoleincultivatingChildren'SgoodhabitSreformingChildrensbadbehaviorsAndhabits.

Tři, DirectaplikaceInPracticalwork

AsweHavementionedabove, PsychologyIsIVidedIdedIntotWoparts: TheoreticalVýzkumandAppliedVýzkum, TheoreticalPsychology nejmodernější..TeachersCanuSetheLawSofeducationalPsychologytoimprovetheirownTeachingPractice, orusepsychometricknowledgedgethedodesignMoresoreasoableExaminaminationPapers, atd..;;;; StorestaffusethethetledgeofConsumeRadvertisingPsychologyToreDesignSandDisplayPlactStoattractingMoreCustomery, takovýsthepopulární „diskontury“ onTheStreetisapplication..ThereMeranyapplicationsInThisarea, areaderscanexperienceandusethemdeliberalyintheirownwork.

Související pofields

PsychologyVýzkumInvolvesmanyfieldssuchasperception, poznání, emoce, osobnost, chování, interpersonální relace, socializace atd..ITISALSORELatedTomanyAreasofDailyLife-Family, vzdělání, zdraví atd..OnheoNehand, psychologytRiestoexplainTheBasicbehaviorsandAntmentAlFunctionsOfindividualswiththeoperationofThebrain.AtTheSametime, PsychologyalsotRiestoexpLintheroleoleolidualmentAlmentAlFuncesInSocialBehaviorsandSocialdynamics.AtThesametime, itisAlsorelatedtoneuroscience, medicína, biologyscienceandothersciencererelated, becausethysiologicalfectsDiscussinSesciencesCiencesCiencesCiencesCafficTesCiendtheIndividual'smindindual'smindindual.

aplikace

Popisuje

TheFirstTaskofpsychologyistomakePreciseObservationsOfBehavior.Psychologovégenerallycallthisobservationtheirdata.Behaviordata (behaviordata) isanobservationreportaboutthebehaviorofToBodyAndtheenvironmentwHenthebehavioroccurs.WhenresearchersCollectData, oni mustemchooseapRoPRialelelofanalysisAndDesignEgnofMethodofMeasuringBehaviorthatThatGhatThatGhatGhatGhatGhatGhatGhatGhatGhatGantEesObjektivita.

Vysvětlete, co je

TheDEScriptionMustBefAithFullTotheperceiableInformation, přičemž se vyskytuje.Inmanyareasofpsychology, theCentralGoalistofindregularPatternSofBehavioRandmentální procesy.PsychologsswantTodiscoverHowBehaviorworks.

PsychologicalExplanationsAualsAdmittTothetheBehaviorAreaffectedBySoMefActors.SomeFactorsplayarolewithinthe, takový, takový, takový, úroveň inteligence nebo sebeúcta.TheInternalDeterminanntyOfBehaviorareCalledorganicvariables.ThearesomespecialContentaboutthebody.Asfarashumansareconcerded, ThesedeterminantsAreso-calleddispositionAliables.TherereasomeExternalFactors.TheexternalinfluenceonbehaviorisenvironmentAlvariaBrorSorSitiationvariables.

AWELL-TRAINDEDPsychologcanexplaintheObsersedpsychologicalPhenomenonbyusinghisorherinsightIntohumanexperienceandthefacttHatthatPoviousVýzkumshavediscoveredThesamephenomenon.MnohoPsychologsstrytodeterMineMephichofSeveRexplanationsCan -Accurapturately -ExplainaparticularBehaviorPattern.

Předpovídat, cowillhappen

PreditionInpsychologyiSthePossibility ThataSpecificBehaviorwillocCuransAspecificRelationshipWillBestatemenToftHepossibilityOfDiscovery.ANACCURUTEExplanationofTheSusesUsenDilySasPecificformFofBehaviorOftenallowsVýzkumerstomakeacCutepredictionsAboutFutureBehavior.

Ovládání Whothappans

ControlThereCoreandMotivatingGoal.TocontrolmeanStomakeabehaviorHappenornottohappen - TOTRIGGERIT, údržba, Stopit a SaffecTitsform, intenzita, orrateofoccurrence.IfAnexplanationofTheCauseSofBehaviorCreaCreateConditionStoControltheBehavior, thentheexplanationIsconvincing.

TheabilitytoControlBehaviorisimportantBecauseitProvidesPsychologyWithAwayohelppeopleimprovetheirqualityOflife.

PsychologySescientificMetHodstodrawConclusionsAboutIndividualBehaviorsandpsychologicalprocesses.Psychologshaveseveralgoals: ToOobjectivelyDescribbebehavioratanapRoPrialelevel, vysvětlení, sezónu, předvídavá, predikční.

Klasifikace

Vývojovýpsychology:studiesthewholeprocessofhumangrowthanddevelopmentfrombirthtooldageanddeath.

Psychologie učení: Prozkoumejte HowPeopledevelowIntowhattheyaretoday.Studium acessandcausesoflearninginhumansansanmanimals.

Psychologie osobnosti: OfficencludeperSonalityCharacteristics, MotivationAsIndividualDiferences.

PsychologyOfPerception aperception: thestudyofhowHumansperceivetheworldaroundthem, takovýstEstUdyofHumansRecognizeFaces.

Srovnávacípsychologie: TheStudyand comporarisonofbiologicalBehaviorsbetweendifferentsTrains.

Fyziologická psychologie: StudyTherelationshipBetween MeeseBehaviorandphysiologicalprocesses, zvláště theactivitiesofthThenersssystemstems.

Kognitivní psychologie: hlavně StudiestHinkingproblems, pokus o to, aby bylo možné řešit problémy, řešení problémů, paměťonaterotherantAlProcessessandHumanbehavior.

Genderpsychology: Tostudythedifferencesbetweensemenandwomen, toExploretheinfluenceFvariousFactorsSuchphysiologicalFactors, ChildSupportProcess, vzdělávání, socialstereotypy atd..Ongenderdifferences.

Sociální psychologie: VýzkumInvolvesissuessuchasattitude, přesvědčování, nepokoje, dodržování předpisů, chování vedení, rasová diskriminace, přátelství a manželství.

Kulturální psychologie: TheStudyofTedifferentInfluencesAffectSofCultureonhumanbehavior.

EvolutionPsychology: TostudytheinfluenceofvariouswaysOfHumanevolutionOnBehaviorinthelonghistory.TakovýsthechoiceofsPousebetweensenandwomen.

Clinicalpsychology: Hlavně soustavitelná shealthealthAndmentalLellnessInmedicine.

Předškolní childpsychologie: Pre-ŠkolachildpsychologyIsAsciencethatStHudiestHedevelofChildren'SpsychologyFomThrirthToPre-Škola.

Behavioralpsychology: TheStudyofthecombinationOmFvariousBoneResponSesthatorganisMuseToadaptToenvironmentChanges.

CriminalPsychology: AsubjectthathThatSiesthewill, myšlenky, záměry a úmysly a.

Historicalpsychology: StudyThepsychologyologyOLologyOfhistoricalFigurestobetterunderstand abackgroundofSocialDevelopment.

Constructivistpsychology: TheresearchObjectesConsciousexperience

Psychoanalysis: FioseSonpsychoanalysisandTreatment, athusproposesNewanduniqueeExplanationsOfHumanpsychologyandpersonalita.

Sexuální psychologie: SexuálnípsychologyInvolvesAllmentactivitiesrelatedtosex, takové, sexuální vědění, sexuální výskyt a kontrola a kontrolusExualBehavior.

Škola

Hlavní chod

"Progressinpsychology" IsaninternationalChineSericals, publikoval aspublishinghouse.ItmainlyPublishesacademicPapersansachievementReportSandReviewsinthefieldsofApliedpsychologyandSociální psychologie.Supportingideologicalandacademicinnovation,advocatingscienceandprosperingacademics,integratingacademicandideologicalaspects,aimingtoprovidescientists,scholars,andresearchersaroundtheworldwithawaytodisseminate,shareanddiscussissuesandissuesindifferentdirectionsinthefieldofpsychology.CommunicationPlatformfordevelopment.Výzkumscope:

NastaveníColleges

ThisLevelamongThedisciplines, thereaEateaToTalof16UniversitiesnationWideThathathave „ph ph.D.Level1 ”Autorizace a 14ofThEmParteatedIntheeValuationTHistime; SomeUniversities s„ ph “.POZNÁMKA: TheFollowingSamesCoresarearRangedinOrderofŠkolaCode.

ŠkolaCodeandName

COLBYBJECTLEVEVELSCORE

DomesticoverView

Domácí rozvoj

Psychologie, TheSethreeWordSarestillMySteriousTomostchineSepeople.Peopleareoftenassociatedwiththewords „MindReading“, „MentalControl“, „Hypnóza“ a thefeelingsderid fromthem.Infact, TheunderStandingSonlyReflecctoneeSectofpsychology.

InmyCountry, od společnosti ProfessorchendaqiestaltedThefirstpsychologyLaboratoryAtpeKinguniversityin1917, i když se jedná.AnetworkOfpsychologicalScienceInstitutesAndSocietiealllevelsFromnationalTolocalhasbeenformed.EveryearthererearenearlytenpsychologyPofessionaljournals, stoofeducationaljournals, aniversityjournals, že ThatsOUDOUDOSOFPSCHYLOLOGYDOCUMENTS.RůznépsychologyBookshavesPrunguplikeBambooshoothootsaferarain, andareconstanlymemerging.NotonlyoffersvariousPsychologyCOrseSinallNormaluniversities asomecompreHensiveniversities, andstablishesPsCySPesPepartmentsSeyNormalUniverSolSoMeKomPehensiveNenistHestotrainotrainotReach -CHeachChooLech -Claduech, from from from from from of from -theotheotHeach -colonToNToNTONTRADUECH..

IMESISTISTERISOFEDUCATIONFTHTHEPEOPSSREPIVIBLOFCHINAFIRSTESTALISHTHEPSYCOLOGYTeeringCommitteeofMyCountry'Shigheredecation (Science) v roce 19955.ItHasalSoestaltedmyCountry'SpsychologyscienceBasesInBeijingNormaluniversity, hangzhouuniversity a východní přístaviště, a na východ.ItsDisedtoopenaPublicCourseofpsychologyForAllCollegeDenSentSinceendengineeringand a comprehensiveNuniversities.V roce 1999, tematická konstrukce, coenceendtechnologyologyopleople'sRepublicOfChinaidentifiedPsychologySoneofThe18PriorityDevelopmentAlBasicdisciplins.In2000, Psychology WasidentifiedAnationalFirst-LeveldisciplinebyTheaCademicDescomMitteeofThestateCouncil.ThisShowsthatpsychologyisofficialIllyIncludeDedinthemaindisciplineConstructionSystemOfourCountry.Asaresult, ithaseffectivelyProvedThelelevelofeducation aresearchofpsychologicscienceInOUrCountry, a propagoval therapidpopularizationOfPsychologyinallwalksoflife.

PsychologyologiginatedIntereTestchinastartedlát

Psychologie, Asascienceandtechnology, wasborninthesterworld100yearsago.Po 100 letech se vyskytuje vývoj, thetheoryandtechnologyOlogyofpsychologyHavebeenverydeddered, andhaveaffectedPolitics, ekonomika, kultura, umění, náboženství, korporatemanagement, marketing a.

Nicméně, vývojová vývojhristoryofpsychologyInchinaisveryshort.V roce 1970S1980, i když sicescholarswerestudingpsychology, byli angarestillfarfarfromthelivové.

Sino-GermantrainingopenedthecurtainonthedevelofchineSepsychology

Od roku 1997 do1999, něco, co se stalo.ForchineSepsychology, významný Milestone.To je, thesino-germancooperativepsychothetherapyclassclasswasopenenInchina.Becausethississino-durbanisveryProfessionallandsystematic, itgreatlyimprovestHevisionAndTechnical StandandardsOflocalchineshetherapists.Poté, agroupofexcellentpsychologicalcounselorsandtherapistsmered, Suchaaslizixun, Yangfengchi, Zhujianjun, Zengqifengandsoon.

Afterthis,China'sAplikovaná psychologiegraduallyopenedthecurtain.Somecollegesanduniversitieshavebeguntointroducewesternpsychotherapeutictechniques,thegovernmenthasintroducedthequalificationcertificationofpsychologicalcounselors,andmanyprivatepsychologicaltraininginstitutionshavebeguntointroducepsychologyschoolsandtechniquesfromtheWest.TheseefortsandactionShaveallowedpsychologytomakeCosiderableProgressInThislandofchina.

InfluenceofchineSecultureonpsychology

ChineSecultureHasanimportantinfluenceonthedeevevementOfWesternpsychology.This InfluenceIsMainlyManifetedInTheFollingtwoaSpects:

1.ProvideWisdomforthewest.„East-Westernpsychology“, Alsoknownas „Wisdompsychology“, IsapursuitusFeasterncultureandpsychologyByWesternpsychology.Itcanbesaidthat "East-Westernpsychology" IsanewdevelopmentOfContemporaryPsychology, adisgraduallyforminganindentresenderendearchfieldorbranch.

Za druhé, poskytnutí inspirationforthewise.PsychologovésuchasjungandmasLowallhaVecloseContactWithchineSeculture a TheyeyareallOutspukenabouttheinspirationTheyGeagedFomit.

Univerzity andresearchInstitutesWithStrongpsychologyMajors

PekingNormaluniversityHastwoindependentschools: TheschoolofpsychologyandthiteOfCognitiveneuenceenceandEarningunitit.

TheschoolofpsychologyiSthefirNationalFirst-LevelKeyDisciplineunitofpsychologyInmyCountry.Ithasthreenationalsecond-levelkeydisciplines,includingbasicpsychology,developmentalandeducationalpsychology,andAplikovaná psychologie,andthreesecond-leveldisciplinesBothdoctorsandmasterscanbeawarded.Thetwosub-disciplinesofBasicPsychology,VývojovýandVzdělávací psychologieoftheŠkolaofPsychology,BeijingNormalUniversityhavealwaysbeentraditionallyadvantageousdisciplines,servingasthe"NationalBasicScienceVýzkumandTeachingTalentTrainingBase"andthe"NationalHumanitiesandSocialScienceKey"VýzkumBase",especiallywiththeestablishmentoftheStateKeyLaboratoryof"CognitiveNeuroscienceandLearning",traditionalsuperiordisciplineshavebeenfurtherconsolidatedandconsolidated.

TheinstituteOfcognitiveneunceAnceAllearningofbeijingNormaluniversityWaseStablInDinjuly2004.ItiTheKeyConstructionBaseofThe211Projectandthe985ProjectOfBeijingNormaluniversity, Antide „StatelyylaboratoryOfcognitiveneunceAncerning“.„Reliinginit.Toprovideascientificbasisfortheestablishmentofbrain-basededucationandlearning,brain-basedcognitiveimpairmentcorrectionmethods,andbrain-basedhumanresourceindustrydevelopment,andpromotetheintellectualandmentalhealthdevelopmentofhundredsofmillionsofchildrenandadolescentsinmycountry,andmeetthecountry’sneedtocontinuouslyimprovecomprehensiveNationalstrength’sstrategicneeds.

Související povolání

Zaměstnanost

Za prvé, obyčejné kollegesAnduniversities, thisTHemaindestinationforpsysychologyGraduteStantsfergraduation.Vysoké školynSuniversitiesArepayingmoreandMoreattenTotheProblemSofStudents'mentalHealth a TheyhaveopendenedPublicCoursesofpsychologyoneafteranother.ThisUndoubtedlyExpandStheempmentsCopeofPsychologyGraduateStudents.OneofTheBestCareerPathsforthemasterOfpsychologyistoenterteDedepartmentofpsychologydanducationTobecomeapsychologyTeacher.However,withtheincreaseofdoctoralgraduatesandthecontinuousexpansionofgraduatestudents'enrollment,itwillbecomemoreandmoredifficulttoengageinthisprofession.ThePsychologicalCounSelingCenterinTheUniversityAlSalosApsideSussionmentOpportunitiesforthemasterofpsychology.To všakgenerallyRestHestHepracticeofpsychologicalCounselingDuringschool a GIRLSAREGENERALLYGIVENTPRIORITY.PsychologyGraduteSoudentsAreMoreCompetitivetHanStudentsFothermajorsinsincompetingForthepositionOfCounselor, blundernormalcircumstances, spojování, které se týká..PlayForUniversityJobsvaries s názvemPicificPositionSandregions.

Za druhé, státní úředníci.ThePublicSecuritySystemGenerallyRecruitSpOstGraduatesOfpsychologyAsCivilServants: PublicsEcuritybureaus, Labourcamps, vězení, BorderCheckpoints atd..AreallPossibleClaces.SomeUnitShavestricterphysicalRequirementsforhiredperSonnel, andsomerequirephysicalfitnesstests.

Zatřetí, podniky.PsychologyGraduteSudentsGotoCompaNestomainlyEngageinheadhunting (talentagence), BusinessCultingandhumanresourcemanagement.PsychologyGradutestudentsAndHumanresourcemanagementMajorsaretent.PsychologyStudentsAdvocateHumanizedManagement, který je kompomentárnímtohumanresourcemanagementStudents.ButbecausepePleSlilldon'TnownowMuchaboutpsychology, studentInpsychologyDepartmentarenotascompetitiveAsStudentsinSumanresourcemanagement.GraduteStudentsNentheDedepartmentOfPsychologyCanalsoenGageinmarketresesearch, butthenumpemOfStudentsRelativněsMall, obecně osvětleně.

Začtvrté, primární anekondaryschools.Obecně platí, že vysokoškolské vznesení a athestologicalCounselingdepartMonisMainlyuseuseasa „váza“ tocopewiththeinspectionofTheeducationDestant..Proto FutureisNotoptimistic a Theincomeislow.Obecně platí, že GraduteStudentsArenotFavoreDureDunenlesstheycannotfindajob.Obecně se nepochopitelné.

Za páté, PsychologicalCounselingworkers.LookitthedomesticSituation, jednodušengAgingInpsychologicalCounselingMayNotBeableMaintainainlesSstandardofliving.Pokud seWantTohavetheSalaryofareignCounterPart, youhavetoexplore.

Šesté, nemocnice a Clinics.StudentsStudeyingClinicalpsychologyandPydicalpsychologyCangotohospitalpsychologicalpsychologicClinicStoengageinpsychologicalconsultation a.Nicméně, s tím, že se jedná o tokurrentdemandforpsychologsinchina, spojený s.

Vývojové požadavky

TheFAMousgermanpsychologoGebbinghaus (h.Ebbinghaus, 1850-1909) OnceDescriptedThedevelofppsychologyinthisway: "PsychologyHasaalongpast, butonlyashorthIstory.“(1885)

ASSCIENTIFICISTISTORYOFSCIENCE, TheHistoryofpsychologySiveryshort.AftertheMiddleofThe19th, therapiddevelovefNaturalsciencesCreatedConditionsforpsychologytobecomeanindentscience, zvláště na vývoji věk na vývoji věk..Itwasnotuntiltheemergenceof „PrinciplesOfyziologicalpsychology“ v roce 1874 ThatpsychologyhaddifferentiatedFomphilosophyandbecameanindentscience, andbeganaprocessofVigOrourdevelopment.

Vývojový vývojScientificpsychology

TheEdevelopmentOfyziologyandphysicsinhe19thCenturyPreparedThesenSadyConditionsforthebirthofScientificPsychology.Germansensoryphysiologweber (1795-1878) První zabezpečený.Později se Fechner (1801-1887) vyvinul s výzkumem, který používal SsychophysicalMetHoDeterMeTetheFunctionshipshiphetweenweenNexternalphysicalStimuliandpsychologicalphenomena.Jejich researchMethodshaveBecomeamoDellscientificpsychologyVýzkum.PsychologyWastrulyseparatedFromphilosophyandbecameanindependentscience, která WasmainlyCompletedBedThegermanphysiologicalpsychologwundt (1832-1920).In1879, wundttfounthedtheworld'SfirstpsychologyLaboratoryAttheuniversityOfleipzigingerMany, pomocí experimentalMetHostStostudypsychologicalPhenomena, který je znázorněn na základě závislosti.Wundtopposed theuseoffilosophical aspeculativemethodstoexplorepsychologicphenomena, aninsistedonusingobservations, experimenty a matematicmaticmaticTatisticStatisticStatisticStatisticStatisticStatisticStatisticStoreVealtElathelawsofpsychologicalprocessesses.Asaresult, HiechedfruitFuitFuitVýzkumResultSandTrainedGroupopofStudentsFomallovertheWorld..WundthaswtertenmanyworksinHislife.Mezi tím je známa Thebook „PrinciplesOfsiologicalpsychology“, „DeklarationOfpsychologicalInderence“ asthefirstSystematicPsychologymonographEhistorofpsychology.WundtisthefounderofScientificpsychologyandthefirstProfessionalpsychologistInThehistorOfPsychology.

TheEdevelopmentOfModernpsychology

AstefAmouschineSepsychologmr.Haobinsaid: „TwoHundredyEarsAgo, HumanBeingsdidnothescientificPsychology.Onewaytoexploretheinnerworld,butthejourneyofmankindtoexplorethespiritualworldhasalreadysetsail!Theforminwhichmankindwillcontinuethisjourneyintwohundredyearsisnotyetknown,butIamextremelyconvincedthataslongasweexistforoneday,thisfootstepwillbeWillneverstop".Vývojový vývojScientificpsychologyhasgonethroughmorethanonehundredyears.Intheprocesofdevelopment, ontheonehand, PeoplehavedeBeresearchObSadSadSystemSofpsychologyfordecades, FormingvariousTheoreticalschools, a konečněReallyReachedAchedAchedaBasConSesenSenThe1950SomakepsychologyContinuetoproSperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperSpersperspersperspersperspersperSperspersperspersperSpersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspersperspers.Caojianhan, adomesticpsychologyandhypnotismresearcher, PutForwardtheoryofBrainoperation, WhatbringabettertheoreticalMoDeltorthepsychologicalDisplayofLogic.Onheotherhand, WithTheEpeningandexpansionofpsychologyVýzkum, PsychologyItselfContinUestodifferentiate, derivingManysUbDisciplinesofpsychology, tvorbaThestatusofpsychologyMoreandMoreAntRoportant.

Pseudo-psychologie

Pseudo-psychologiereferstosystemsthatlookLikePsychologyButhavenofactualBasis.Overtheyears,thevariouspseudo-psychologieshavenotchangedmuch,becausebelieversinpseudo-psychologydarenotfaceuptothefactualevidencethatisinconsistentwiththeirbeliefs(Kelly&Saklofske,1994).Realscientistsarealwaysactivelylookingforflawsintheories,evaluatingtheirtheoriesinaskepticalandcriticalmanner,andexpandingthefieldofhumanknowledge(Woodward&Goodstein,1996).

Ingarealpsychologové, pseudo-psychologové, které nevodívají.Palmistry, frenologie, rukopis atd..Areallpseudo-psychologie.