Historie vývoje
Theinventionanddevelopmentoftheprintingpressplayanimportantroleinthespreadofhumancivilizationandculture.
In1439,Gutenberg,Germany,producedawoodenletterpressprintingmachine.Althoughthisverticalspiralhand-panelprintingmachinehasasimplestructure,ithasbeenusedfor300years;in1812,theGermanKoenigmadethefirstcircularflatletterpressprintingpress;HoyintheUnitedStatesinventedtherotaryprintingpressin1847;in1900,thesix-colorrotaryprintingpresswasmade;in1904,RubelintheUnitedStatesinventedtheoffsetprintingpress.
Beforethe1950s,thetraditionalletterpressprintingprocessoccupiedadominantpositionintheprintingindustry,andthedevelopmentofprintingpresseswasalsodominatedbyletterpressprintingmachines.However,theleadalloyreliefprintingprocesshasthedisadvantagesofhighlaborintensity,longproductioncycleandenvironmentalpollution.Beginninginthe1960s,offsetoffsetprintingprocesseswithshortcycletimesandhighproductivitybegantoriseanddevelop,andleadalloyreliefprintingwasgraduallyreplacedbyoffsetoffsetprinting.Softreliefprinting,stencilprinting,electrostaticprinting,inkjetprinting,etc.,havealsodevelopedinpackagingprintingandadvertisingprinting.
Theprintingmachineryoftheworldhasmadegreatprogresssincethe1980s.Formorethan20years,thedevelopmentofprintingmachineryhasgonethroughthreestages:
Thefirststageisfromtheearly1980stotheearly1990s.Thisstageistheheydayofthedevelopmentofoffsetprintingtechnology.ThisperiodThemaximumprintingspeedofthesheet-fedoffsetpressis10,000prints/hour.Thepre-adjustmentpreparationtimeforafour-colorprintingmachinebeforeprintingisgenerallyabout2hours.Theautomaticcontroloftheprintingpressmainlyfocusesontheaspectsofautomaticpaper-bearing,automaticpaperdelivery,automaticcleaning,automaticdetectionofinkcolor,automaticadjustmentofinkvolume,andremotecontrolofregister.Inadditiontosingle-colorandtwo-colorpressesduringthisperiod,almosteverysingle-fedoffsetpressmanufactureralsohadthemanufacturingcapacityoffour-colorpresses,andmostmanufacturerswereabletomanufacturepaperturningmechanismsfordouble-sidedprinting.
Thesecondstageisfromtheearly1990stotheendofthe20thcentury.Inthe1990s,withthesheet-fedoffsetprintingpressasthesymbol,thedesignandmanufacturinglevelofprintingmachineryintheworldhastakenabigstepforward.Comparedwiththemodelsinthefirststage,thespeedofthenewgenerationmodelshasbeenfurtherimproved,from10,000prints/hourto15,000prints/hour,andthepre-pressadjustmenttimehasalsobeengreatlyshortenedfromabout2hoursinthefirststageto15minutes.about.Theautomationlevelandproductionefficiencyofthemachinehavealsobeengreatlyimproved.
Sincethebeginningofthe21stcentury,printingmachineryhasusheredinthethirdstageofdevelopment.Somemodelsofsheet-fedoffsetprintingpressescanreach17,000-18,000prints/hour,butmanufacturersdonotstrivetoincreasethemaximumprintingspeedoftheprintingpress,butthroughtheapplicationofinformationtechnologytofurthershortenthepre-presspreparationtimeandreplacementThetimeofthejobseekshigherproductionefficiency.
Inthefieldofprintingmachineryautomation,networking,productionintegration,digitalworkflow,andmanagementinformationsystem(MIS)linksandothertechnologieshavebecomethefocusofdevelopment.Heidelberg'sCP2000automaticcontrolsysteminadditiontotheentiremachinefrompaperfeeding,paperfeedingandguiding,inking,waterfeeding,platechange,register,cleaning,drying,coating,powdersprayingandpaperdelivery,etc.Inadditiontopre-setting,adjustmentandfaultdiagnosisoftheworklink,italsohasthefunctionsofrealizingthenetworkingofallproductionprocessesoftheprintingenterpriseandonlinetransmissionofprepressimageprocessingdata(CIP3/PPForCIP4/JDFdata).Inthenewcentury,mostoffsetprintingpressmanufacturershavedevelopedcorrespondingDIdigitalprintingpresses.
Inaddition,inordertomeetpeople'sdemandforhigh-endcolorprints,8-colororeven10-colormulti-colordouble-sidedprintingandadditionalin-linepost-pressprocessingfunctionshavebecomevarioussheet-fedoffsetpresses(Includingthedevelopmenttrendofsmalloffsetpresses,DIdirectplatemakingmachinesandlargeoffsetpresses),andthetechnologyisbecomingmoreandmoremature,thistypeofprintingpresshasbeguntosqueezeoutapartofthemarketthatwasoriginallyawebprintingpress.
Klasifikace
1.Klasifikace podle tiskové formy
Dividedintoletterpress,offset,intaglioandstencilprintingpresses;installationversionAndembossingstructureisdividedintoflatpress,roundpressandroundpress.
(1)Reliéfní tiskařský stroj
Reliéfní tiskařský stroj: reliéfní tisk. Stroj, který k dokončení procesu tisku používá letištní lis. Jako je stroj na vizitky (resinplate), typový tisk, zinkový tisk, sada čísel atd.
(2)Litografický tiskařský stroj
Litografický tiskařský stroj: planografický lis. Stroj, který k dokončení procesu tisku používá litografii. Jako je vícebarevný stroj, čtyřbarevný stroj, dvoubarevný stroj, jednobarevný stroj, rychlotiskový stroj atd.
(3)Hlubotiskový stroj
Intaglioprintingpress.Amachinethatusesgravuretocompletetheprintingprocess.Suchasglassbagprintingofinstantnoodles,aluminumfoilbagpackagingofbiscuits,etc.
(4)Sítotiskový stroj
Screenprintingmachine:screen-processprintingpressThemachinethatusesthescreentocompletetheprintingprocess.Perforatedprinting:suchasscreenprinting,circuitboardprinting,clothprinting,canprinting,inscriptionprinting,partialglazing,etc.
2.Klasifikace podle tiskového papíru
(1)Archový tiskový stroj
Archový tiskový stroj: archový tiskový lisPoužití jednolistového tiskového lisu.
(2)Webový tiskařský stroj
Webprintingmachine:roll-fedprintingpressPrintingmachineusingrollpaper.
3.Klasifikace podle metody tisku
(1) Plochý tiskařský stroj
Flat-bedprintingmachine:platenpressTheprintingplatesupportbodyandtheimprintingbodyarebothflatprintingmachines
(2)Kulatý plochý tiskařský stroj
Roundflatprintingmachine(flat-bedprintingmachine):flat-bedCylinderpressTheprintingplatesupportisflat,andtheimprintingbodyisacylindricalprintingpress.
(3)Zastavovací rotační tiskařský stroj
Stoptherotaryprintingmachine:stop-cylinderpressTheprintingplatecooperatestoreciprocate,whenadvancing,theimpressioncylinderrotatesonecircle,whenreturning,impressingThecylinderstopsrotatingandcompletestheprintingprocessofaprintingpress.
(4) Jednootáčkový tiskový stroj
One-revolutionprintingpress:single-revolutionprintingpressEachreciprocatingmovementoftheprintingplatetable,theimpressioncylindermakesonerevolutiontocompleteaprintingprocess.Printingmachine.
(5)Dvouotáčkový tiskařský stroj
Two-revolutionprintingpressTheprintingmachinethatcompletesaprintingprocesseverytimetheprintingplatemovesbackandforth.
(6) Pístový tiskařský stroj
Reversingprintingpress:reversibleprintingpressAprintingpressthatcompletesaprintingprocesseverytimetheimpressioncylinderrotatesbackandforth.
(7)Rotační tiskařský lis
Rotaryprintingpress:Theprintingplatesupportbodyandthetransferbodyarebothcylindrical.WhentheprintingprocessiscompletedAprintingpressthatisfullyrotating.
4.Klasifikace podle tiskové barvy
(1)Monochromatický tiskařský stroj
Monochromeprintingmachine:single-colourprintingpressInaprintingprocess,aprintingpressthatprintsoneinkcolorononesideofthepaper.
(2)Dvoubarevný tiskový stroj
Two-colourprintingpress:two-colourprintingpressAprintingpressthatprintstwoinkcolorsononesideofthepaperduringaprintingprocess.
(3) Vícebarevný tiskový stroj
Multi-colourprintingpress:multi-colourprintingpressAprintingpressthatprintstwoormoreinkcolorsononesideofthepaperduringaprintingprocess.
(4)Oboustranný monochromatický tiskařský stroj
Double-sidedmonochromeprintingmachine:perfectingpressAprintingmachinethatprintsonbothsidesofthepaperduringtheprintingprocess.
(5) Oboustranný vícebarevný tiskový stroj
Double-sidedmulti-colorprintingmachine:multi-colourperfectingpressInaprintingprocess,atleastonesideofthepaperisprintedwithtwoormoreinkcolorsDouble-sidedprintingmachine.
Pracovní princip
1,ScreenprintingmachinePracovní princip
Takethecommonlyusedhand-shapedflatscreenprintingmachineasanexample,theworkingprincipleofthescreenprintingmachinecanbedescribedasfollows:thepoweristransmittedthroughthetransmissionmechanism,sothatthesqueegeesqueezestheinkandthescreenprintingplateinmotion,sothatThescreenprintingplateandthesubstrateformanimpressionline.BecausethescreenhastensionsN1andN2,itgeneratesaforceF2onthesqueegee,andtheresiliencemakesthescreenprintingplatenotcontactthesubstrateexcepttheimpressionline.UndertheactionofthesqueezeforceF1ofthesqueegee,theinkpassesthroughthemeshandleaksfromthemovingimpressionlineontothesubstrate.
Duringtheprintingprocess,thescreenprintingplateandthesqueegeemoverelativetoeachother,andthesqueezingforceF1andtheresilienceF2alsomovesynchronously.Thesubstrateisoutofcontacttoavoidsmearingtheprint.Thatis,thescreenisconstantlydeformedandreboundedduringtheprintingprocess.
Aftertheone-wayprintingiscompleted,thesqueegeeisseparatedfromthesubstratetogetherwiththescreenprintingplate,andatthesametime,itreturnsinktocompleteaprintingcycle.Thedistancebetweentheuppersurfaceofthesubstrateandthereversesideofthescreenprintingplateaftertheinkisreturnediscalledthesame-pagedistanceorscreendistance,whichshouldgenerallybe2to5mm.Inmanualprinting,thetechniqueandproficiencyoftheoperatordirectlyaffectstheformationoftheimpressionline.Inpractice,screenprintingworkershaveaccumulatedalotofvaluableexperience,whichcanbesummarizedintosixpoints,namely,toensurethestraightness,uniformity,isometric,equalizing,centeringandverticaledgeinthemovementofthesqueegee.Inotherwords,whenprinting,thesqueegeeshouldmoveinastraightlinewithoutshakingfromsidetoside;itcannotbeslowinthefrontandfastintheback,slowinthefrontandslowinthebackorsuddenlyslowandfast;theinclinationangletotheinkboardshouldremainthesame,andspecialattentionshouldbepaidtoovercometheinclinationangleThecommonproblemofincreasinggradually;theprintingpressureshouldbekeptevenandconsistent;thedistancebetweenthesqueegeeandtheinnersidesofthescreenframeshouldbeequal;theinkplateshouldbeperpendiculartotheframe.
2.Pracovní principofflat-screencurvedscreenprintingmachine
Flat-screencurvedscreenprintingreferstotheuseofflatscreensoncylindricalorconicalsurfaces.Thenetisscreenprinted.Undercertainconditions,itcanalsoscreenprintellipse,drum,arcandothercurvedsurfaces.Thedry-netcurvedscreenprintingmachineisamachinethatusesaflatscreentoprinttheabove-mentionedcurvedsurface.
Theworkingprincipleoftheflatsurfacescreenprintingmachine:a-rollersupportb-shaftmeetingsupportc-inlaidsupport.Duringprinting,theflatscreenprintingplateandthesubstratemove,whilethesqueegeeisstationary.Theflatscreenprintingplateisclampedonthescreenframeandmovedbytheflatscreencurvedscreenprintingmachinetomoveataconstantspeed,andthesubstrateplacedonthesupportingdevicerotatesduetothefrictionofthescreen.Thelinearspeedofthecurvedsubstrateattheimpressionlineisthesameasthemovingspeedoftheflatscreenprintingplatetoachievescrapingprinting.
Theoretically,theembossinglineshouldbeatthehighestgeneratrixofthecurvedsubstratetoincreasetheoff-screenangleandensuretheprintingquality.Inordertofacilitateadjustment,thesqueegeegenerallyadoptsatopangleof60°±15°,anditisrequiredtobeabletoadjusttheverticalityandtheupperandlowerdimensions.Theadjustmenttoverticalistoensurethatthecuttingedgelinedoesnotshifthorizontallywhenadjustingupanddown,andisalwaysalignedwiththehighestbusbarA;thesqueegeewithatopangleof60°±15°isusedtoensurethatthesqueegeeinclinationisformedafterverticalinstallationα.Intheactualadjustment,inordertoensurethattheflatscreenprintingplateisseparatedfromthecurvedsubstrateintime,theimpressionlinecanbeslightlyadvanced,especiallywhenthediameterofthesubstrateislarge,theimpressionlinemustbeoffsetforward.ThesupportdeviceforcurvedprintingisVarioustypesofspecialdevicesaredesignedandmanufacturedbyusersaccordingtoproductrequirements.
Thecurvedsurfaceprintingofcylindricalorconicalcontainerscanusetwopairsofrollerbearings.Thelengthtodiameterratioislessthan1.5forcoverandcupbearingsleeves,softandhollow.Thecontainercanbesupportedbyaninflatabledevice.Theellipseisapproximatelyapartofacylindricalsurface,whichcanbesupportedbyacylindricalinlaymethod.
Theprincipleofprintingonthesurfaceofaconeisbasicallythesameasthatofprintingonthesurfaceofacylinder.Thedifferenceisthegraphicshapeofthescreenprintingplateandthemovementformofthescreenprintingplate.Whenmakingascreenprintingplateforprintingonthesurfaceofacone,firstdrawanexpandedviewoftheconesurface,andfindthecenterofthesectorbasedontheexpandedview,andthenselectanappropriatescreenframetomakethescreenprintingplate.
Ontheplateefghthatcancompletelycontainthefan-shapedabed,makeaprintingplatethatmatchesthefan-shaped.Fixtheright-anglerodontheplateefgh,andinstallitwithoastheaxistoformaplatethatcanberotatedinafanshape.Then,likeprintingonthesurfaceofacylinder,4rollersareusedtosupportthesubstrateundertheplate,thesqueegeeisinafixedshape,andtheplateframeismovedinafanshape,andthesqueegeeispressurizedtoprintonthesurfaceoftheconicalplate.Duringprinting,theconicalbearingisinlinecontactwiththescreenprintingplateunderacertainsqueegeepressure;whenthescreenprintingplatemovesinahorizontalfanshapearoundtheaxisofthefan-shapedunfoldingdrawing,thesubstraterotatessynchronouslyonthesupportingdeviceMovement;theinkissqueezedbythesqueegeeandleakstothesurfaceofthesubstratetocompletetheprinting.
3, Proces tiskového stroje:
(1)Workcycleprocedureofflatscreenflatscreenprintingmachine.Taketheflatscreenplatformtypemonochromesemi-automatichand-surfacescreenprintingmachineasanexample.Oneofitsworkingcyclesis:feeding→positioning→settingdown→loweringtotheinkplate,raisingbacktotheinkplate→squeegeestroke→raisingtotheinkPlate→lowertheinkreturnplate→lifttheplate→inkreturnstroke→releasepositioning→receive.
Inthecontinuousloopaction,aslongasthefunctioncanberealized,thetimeoccupiedbyeachactionshouldbeasshortaspossibletoshortenthecycleofeachworkcycleandimproveworkefficiency.
(2)Embossingline.Intheprintingprocess,theinkandthescreenprintingplatearesqueezedtotheinkplate,sothatthescreenprintingplateandthesubstrateformacontactline,whichiscalledtheimpressionline.Thislineisattheedgeofthesqueegee,andcountlessembossinglinesformtheprintingsurface.Realizingtheidealimpressionlineisverydifficult,becausetheprintingstrokeisadynamicprocess.
Opatření
1.Ensurethattheleaderisresponsibleforsupervisingthesafetyoftheequipmentandcrewoperators.
2.Beforetheoperation,theoperatormustwearuniforms,workhats,andworkshoesneatly,fastentheplacketandcuffs,anddonotputanysundriesinthepockets,anddonotwearwatchesandvariousaccessories.
3.Beforestartingthemachine,addtherequiredlubricatingoil(grease)toeachoilfillingpoint,lubricationpointandoiltankofthemachine.
4.Withoutapproval,non-crewpersonnelarenotallowedtostartandoperatethemachinewithoutauthorization.Assistantsandapprenticesshouldworkundertheguidanceofthepilot.
5.Beforestartingthemachine,checkwhethertherearesundriesinvariouspartsofthefuselage.Youmustfirstgiveasignal(pressthesafetybell),echobackandforth,andmakesurethatthemachineissafebeforeitcanbeturnedon.
6.Beforethemachineisrunning,countbackwardforafewweeks,andthencountforafewweekstoavoiddebrisbetweentherollersanddamagetheblanket,printingplate,etc.
7.Whenthemachineisrunning,itisstrictlyforbiddentotouchthemovingworkingsurfacewithyourhands,repairandwipethemachine,orcrosstherotatingpart,andkeepthemachineprotectiondevicecomplete.
8.Thecrewshouldstrictlyguardtheirpostsaccordingtothedivisionoflabor,alwayspayattentiontotheoperationofeachpartofthemachine,andimmediatelyshutdownthemachineifanyproblemsarefound.
9.Theworksiteshouldbekeptcleanandunobstructed,theground.Thereisnodebrisaroundtheworkbenchandthemachine,andthemaintenancetoolsandsparepartsshouldbeplacedinthespecifiedlocation.
10.Během práce se nikdo nesmí smát, bojovat ani vydávat hlasité zvuky kolem stroje. Prosím, nechte děti, aby se ke stroji přiblížily, aby spěchal.
11.Na konci práce vyčistěte stroj, chraňte tiskovou desku, otřete deku, otiskovací válec a válec, vypněte napájení a vyplňte pracovní deník.
12.Regularmaintenanceandrepairofthemachine,andfillinginthemaintenanceandrepairrecorddatacanextendtheservicelifeofthemachine,improveproductionqualityandsafeproduction.
13.Provoz je zakázán nezaměstnaným.
Odstraňování problémů
Intheprocessofusingtheprintingmachine,variousproblemsoftenoccur,suchasmechanicaldamageandfrequentelectricalfailures.Somepeoplesaythatthemachineistooold.Althoughtheoldmachineisanobjectivereason,doesthenewmachinenotfail?Insomeprintingfactories,newmachineshavemorefailuresthanoldmachines.Objectivelyspeaking,theusageandfailurerateofthemachineincludethefollowingfactors:themanufacturingqualityofthemachine,installationandcommissioning,maintenance,reasonableoperation,andmostimportantly,thequalityofmaintenance.Thequalityofthemachineobjectivelyexistswhenitleavesthefactory.Whetheritisanewmachineoranoldmachine,installationanddebuggingarethefirsthurdles.
Generally,newmachinesareinstalledanddebuggedwhentheyleavethefactory,afterqualityinspection,andthentransportedinseparatepackaging.Itisnotonlyaproblemoflevelandreasonableinstallation,butalsoaproblemofinspectionandcalibration.Thisshouldbethecaseforoldmachines.Asformaintenanceanduse,Iwon’tsaymuch.Ijustwanttotalkaboutthequalityofmaintenance:
Údržbaisnotasimpledisassemblyandassembly.Itisnotonlynecessarytofindthecauseofthefailure,butalsotofindoutthereason.Incidentalotherquestions.
Theprintingmachinehasastricttimecoordinationrelationship,aswellasassemblytolerancesandadjustmentvalues.Busydisassemblyandexcessiveadjustmentarethemainreasonsforacceleratedwearandrecurrenceofthemachine.
Theprocurementandprocessingqualityofpartsandaccessoriesdoesnotnecessarilyrequiretheuseoforiginalpartsforallpartsandelectricalcomponents.Thecostoforiginalpartsishighandtheprocurementcycleislong.Unlessspecialorcriticalparts,mostofotherpartsBothpartsandelectricalcomponentscanbesubstituted,aslongasyouunderstandtheprocessingtechnologyofthepartsandthecharacteristicsofthecomponents.
Inadditiontothenaturaldamageofthemachine,thecircuitfaultismainlythehiddenfaultderivedfromthecarelessdisassemblyandinstallationorthefailuretofindthemachineandhumanfactorsthatcausedthecircuitfault.
Odstraňování problémů se dřezovou kapalinou
Exploringcommonproblemsofprintingpresssinkfluid—Theconcentrationoftheappropriatesinkfluidisbasedontheconductivityvalue.WhentheconductivityistoohighTheinkwillnotbeeasytodrywhenitistoolow,anditwillbeeasytostainoraccumulateink.Soyoumusttrytofindtheappropriateconductivityvalue.Afterfindingtheconcentrationvalue,multiplythetotaltankvolumebythepercentagetobethefirstaddition.Inaddition,whentheconductivityvaluechangesmorethan±50~100,youneedtomakecorrectionsbeforeyoucancontinuetouseit.Atthesametime,youneedtopayattentiontothetemperatureinthewatertank,becausethetemperaturewillaffectthemeasuredvalueoftheconductivity.
Itisgenerallyrecommendedthattheidealprintingwaterconditionsare:
(1)Kvalita vody musí být měkká;
(2)Hodnota vodivosti je 700~1300 (musí být odečtena hodnota vodivosti);
(3)hodnota PH4,0~5,5;
(4) Teplota vody 5 ℃ ~ 15 ℃;
(5) Stupeň emulgace je pod 35 %;
(6) Podíl alkoholu IPA je 5 %~15 %;
(7) Podíl koncentrace vody v nádrži na kapalinu je 1,5 %~2,5 %.
Thefollowingaretheactualtestresultsofthecenterintheprintinglaboratory:
Sinkfluid: Magic150
Conductivitymeter:DeltaOHMConductivityMeterModel:HD8706
PHmetr:HANNAPHMeterModel:HI8521
Accordingtotheaboveexample,thetotalwatertankoftheprintingmachineinthecentralprintinglaboratoryis80,000cc*2%=1,600ccwatertankLiquid,theconductivityvalueismaintainedat1,000(1,095-92.5)±100,andthepHvalueisabout5.0.Inaddition,wefoundthatthepHvaluedoesnotchangesignificantlyaftertheconcentrationofthetanksolutionis3%,soitisnoteasytodetectwhethertheamountisappropriate,andsomeEuropeantanksolutionshavemorebuffersadded,andtheirfunctionistomaintainthestabilityofthetanksolution.TheacidityandthereductionofthecorrosionofthelayoutwillcauseproblemswhenusingthepHvaluetomeasuretheconcentrationofthebathsolution.
Údržba
Theprintingpressisoneofthemostutilizedequipmentamongallequipmentintheprintingplant.Toensurethenormaloperationoftheprintingpress,dailymaintenanceandmaintenanceareindispensableandverynecessary.Let'sbrieflytalkaboutthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceofthemachinefromthefollowingaspects.
Statická údržba
Statická údržbaoftheprintingmachinereferstothemaintenanceofthemachinewhenthemachineisinastaticstate.
1.Establishrulesandregulationsformachinemaintenance.Offsetprintingmachinemaintenanceshouldbebasedonthemachine'sinstructions.Suchasregularoilchange,filtercleaning,regularinspectionofmachineaccuracy,etc.
2.Strengthenthemaintenanceofimportantparts.Gears,cams,sprockets,rollers,andbearingsarethemostimportantpartsoftheprintingpress.Theirmaintenanceshouldbedifferentfromotherparts,becausechangesintheiraccuracywillaffectthefinal.Springsarethemostcommonlyusedpartsforforcebalancingmechanismsonmachines.Theirworkingqualitydirectlydeterminestheaccuracyofthematchingofmovingparts.Thespringsmustbesensitiveandelastic,andtheaeroelasticityandirreversibleplasticdeformationarecriticaltotheworkofthesprings.Extremelyunfavorable.Iftheaboveproblemsarefound,thespringneedstobereplacedimmediately.Thehazardsofsolventresiduesintheprintingprocess
3.Carryouttechnicalreformsandstrengthenmachinemaintenance.Machinemaintenancerequirestheconvenienceofmachinemaintenanceinthedesignofthemachine.However,duetothecomplexityoftheprintingpress,itisobviouslyimpossibletotakeeveryfactorintoaccount,andthecontentofmachinemaintenancewillalsochangeastheenvironmentchanges.Therefore,thosestructuresthatarenotconducivetomachinemaintenanceshouldbeimprovedwithoutaffectingnormalwork.
Dynamická údržba
Dynamická údržbaoftheprintingpressreferstothemaintenanceofthemachinewhentheprintingpressisinadynamicstate.Staticmachinemaintenanceistheprerequisiteformachinedynamicmaintenance,andthedynamicoperationofthemachinecaninturndetectthelevelofmachinestaticmaintenance.Thedynamicmaintenanceofthemachineisveryimportant.Themaincontentthatshouldbemaintainedunderthemachinedynamicsisanalyzedfromseveralaspectsbelow.
1.Machinepreparationstatusdetection.Thepreparationstatusofthemachinecanbedetectedbyjogorcranking.Iftoolsandotheritemsarestuckinthemachine;whethertheprintingplateisinstalledproperly,ifitisnotsuitable,itmaydamagetheprintingplateormakeitdifficulttofindtherules;whethertheblanketisinstalledproperly,ifitisnotsuitable,itmaybepossibleCauseprintingfailure,ordamagethemachineinseverecases.
2.Thelubricationstatusofthemachine.Firstofall,youcanobservewhethertheoilcircuitofthemachineisunblockedthroughtheoilstandard.Ifthereisnooilintheoilstandardortheoilstandardisnotclearlyobserved,youshouldstopemergencyandcarefullycheckwhetherthereisoilleakageintheoilcircuit.Althoughtheoilleakageofthemachineiseasytoobserve,itisdifficulttofindthecause.Formachinesusingslidingbearings,lowspeedisnotconducivetoitslubrication,especiallyjogorlow-speedoperationhasagreaterimpactonitslubrication.Therefore,beforecarryingoutsuchoperations,itisbesttorunthemachineidlingandlubricate.Thisisalsoaprimarytaskthatshouldbedonebeforegoingtoworkeveryday.Theoilpumpofsomemachinesisdrivenbythemainengine,sowhenitisreversed,theoilcircuitwillnotonlyfailtorefuel,butwillsucktheoilfromtheoilcircuitbacktothetank.Thisisverydangerous,sothereverseshouldbeavoided.Thelubricationofsomeimportantpartscanalsobedetectedbythetemperatureofthemetalnearby.Ifthetemperatureistoohigh,itindicatesthatthereisaproblemwiththelubrication.Commonfaultsandtroubleshootingmethodsofgravuregoldandsilverinks
3.Impactduringmachineoperation.Thesmallertheimpactduringtheoperationofthemachine,thebetteritisforprinting,anditalsoprolongstheservicelifeofthemachine.Reducingtheprintingpressure(pressureinabroadsense)isanimportantconditiontoensurethesmoothoperationofthemachine.Underthepremiseofensuringthequalityofprinting,thesmallertheprintingpressure,thebetter.Reducingthespeedofthemachineisanotherimportantconditionforreducingthemomentofinertiaofthemachine.Thelowerthespeedofthemachine,thesmallerthemomentofinertia.Therefore,themachineshouldnotalwaysberunningathighspeed.
Theaboveaspectsareonlypartofthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceoftheprintingpress.Thequalityofthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceoftheprintingpressdirectlyaffectstheservicelifeandproductqualityoftheprintingpress,soitcannotbetakenlightly.
Nová koncepce údržby
Thedevelopmentoftheprintingindustryhasgraduallychangedfromrelativelysimpleletterpressprintingtothecommonlyusedoffsetprintingandtheincreasinglyrobustdigitalprintingmode.Thebeliefbehindthisdevelopmentmodelisofcoursebasedonmanufacturers’demandsforcontinuousimprovementofproductionefficiencyandenhancementofproductcompetitivenessandqualityinthemarket.
Therefore,printingandotherprocessingmachineryandequipmentofvariouspracticalmanufacturers'productionindicatorsareconstantlyemerginginthemarketatarapidpace,cooperatingwithandexceedingtheexpectationsofmanufacturers.However,whentheseadvancedmachineryaremovingtowardsproductiongoalsdayandnight,manyoperationalrelated"smallproblems"willalsoarise,suchasmaintenance.
Monochromatický sítotiskový stroj (2 listy)
Whenthemachineisdamaged,themanufacturergenerallythinksthatitiscausedbynormaloperationandwear.However,today'smachineryismadeofhigh-qualityalloysteelandshouldbeabletobeusedforalongtime.Later,afterthemanufacturerspaidhugemaintenancefeesandthepainfullessonsofdelayingproduction,theygraduallybegantodiscovertheimportantroleplayedbythemaintenancematerialteaminmaintainingthenormaloperationoftheprintingmachinery.Amongthemanymaintenancematerials,lubricantsandtheirRelatedchemicalproductsarerelativelyneglected.Probablybecauseofthecorrectselectionofthesematerials,itwillnotcauseimmediatebadeffectsonthefinishedproductsproducedbythemanufacturer.Mechanicalequipmentisoftenusedforalongperiodoftimebeforeitisdiscoveredthatthereisaproblem.1,Supplierswhoprovidemaintenancematerials,makesure:
1.Itsproductscanreducethenumberofmechanicaldamagesandprolongtheservicelifeofthemachinery;
2.Provideamulti-functionaldesignproductline,inadditiontoadaptingtomoremechanicalrequirements,itcanalsoreduceunnecessaryexcessinventoryofcustomers;
3.TeachcustomersAvoidincorrectuseofmaintenancematerials;
4.Letcustomerssimplifypurchasingprocedures,therebystreamliningmanagementproceduresandsavingvaluablehumanresources;
5.MaintainsufficientproductinventoryfrequentlytosaveManufacturerstaketimewhenorderinggoodsandavoidtheriskofdowntimecausedbycasuallyusinggeneral"temporarysubstitutes";
6.Providealong-termandstablenetworkthroughareputablesuppliernetworkSupplychannelstomeettheneedsofcustomersfromallovertheworldforhigh-qualityproductsandservices.
2,Údržbamaterialsforprintingpressesandrelatedequipmentinclude:
1. Mazací olej - jako je sněhový olej, řetězový olej, olej do tlakové převodovky atd.
2. Čistič – jako postčistič, čistič inkoustových válců, olejové trubky a olejové linky atd.
3.Anti-rustagent—usedtopreventrustandlubricatethetableandcutterofthepapercutter.
3,Characteristicsandusesofgrease
V tomto vydání zavedu "mastnotu" (sněhový olej). Typ maziva lze velmi těžko klasifikovat podle tvrdosti, podávatelnosti v tlaku, bodu odkapávání, voděodolnosti a stability.
3.1 Tvrdost
Hardness,orpenetration,isameasurablecharacteristicthatmustbeconsideredwhenselectinganappropriategrease.Thehardnessofthegreaseisdeterminedbythenumber.No.0isthesoftest,andthenincreasestoNo.6alongwithNo.1andNo.2.ThehardnessofNo.6isthesameasthatofsoapbars.Themudinthegardeniseasiertoshovelandharder,andthehardnessofthegreaseisthesame.Itisgradedaccordingtothepenetrationdepthofthegreasedroppedfromacertainheightbytheconegauge.Printingmachinerymustbeaddedwithlubricatinggreaseofappropriatehardnessinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheprintingpressmanufacturer,otherwiseitmaycauseinsufficientlubricationorincreasedresistancetothemachineparts.
3.2Posouvatelnost pod tlakem
Anotherfeatureofgreaseisthedifficultyofpressuredelivery;inthecentralgreasesupplysystem,twotypesareequallyeasytopressuredeliveryatroomtemperature.Lubricatinggreasesoftenhaveverydifferentpressure-feedingpropertiesinlowertemperatureenvironments.
Thedifferencecomesfromthedifferenttypesandproportionsoflubricatingoilandsoapcontainedinthegrease.Someprintingmachineryandbindingequipmentuseacentralgreasesupplysystemtolubricateeachcomponentofthemachinery.Therefore,itisextremelyimportanttochooseagreasewithexcellentpressurefeedability.
3.3 Bod skápnutí
Becausethegreasecontainsdifferentsoapbaserelationships,differentgreaseswillmeltatdifferenttemperatures.Thedrippingpointisthetemperatureatwhichthegreasechangesfromsemi-solidtoliquid;mostcalciumsoapgreasemeltsat160-210°F,sodiumsoapgreaseis350-350°F,lithiumsoapgreaseis350-400°F,soathightemperaturesItisbettertousesodiumsoaporlithiumsoap.Nowadays,thespeedofmostprintingmachineryisquitehigh.Becausethebearingspeedinthemotorishigher,thebearingtemperaturealsoincreasesaccordingly.Choosingagreasewithahigherdroppointcanmakehigh-speedmotorbearingssuchas"carbonpumps"."Bearings,etc.havebetterprotection.
3.4 Voděodolnost
Regardlessofwhetheritisincontactwithwaterornot,somegreasesstillneedtoperformtheirlubricatingeffect,soitswaterresistanceisanimportantproperty.Calciumsoapandlithiumsoap-basedgreaseareinsolubleinwater,whilesodiumsoapgreaseissolubleinwater,soitcannotbeusedasalubricantthatmaycomeintocontactwithwater.Theprintingprocessneedstomixwater,sosomebearingsmustbeprotectedbygreasewithgoodwaterresistance,otherwise,theservicelifeofthebearingwillbegreatlyreduced.
3.5 Stabilita
Somegreasescanstillmaintaintheiroriginalhardnessafterbeingaddedtothebearing,whichmeansthatthestabilityisveryhigh;thiskindofgreasecanbeusedinanti-wearbearings.Itwillsoftenafterworkingforaperiodoftime,andwillflowoutofthebearingwithoutagoodseal.Duringtheprintingprocess,thepowdersprayingiscontinuousandhasgreatcoverage.Ifthestabilityofthegreaseusedispoor,itwillcausepollutantstoeasilyenterthebearingsandvariouscomponents,causinggreatdamagetotheprintingmachine.
Traditionally,thedesignandproductionofgreasehasonlyfocusedoncopingwiththeunityproblemfacedbymechanicalequipment.Suchashightemperature,highspeed,highpressureoranti-wear,etc.Sincethen,duetotherequirementsofmachinerymanufacturersandtheintensifiedmarketcompetition,theproductionofgreasegraduallytendstomoveinamulti-functionaldirection.However,ordinarypetroleumproductsalwayshavetheirlimitsinuse,andtheyhavenotbeenabletoeffectivelymeettherapiddevelopmentrequirementsofmodernproductionequipment.Althoughchoosingtherightlubricantisnoteasy,therearealsosomeprofessionallubricantsuppliersinthemarketthatcanprovideprofessionaldataandlong-termafter-salesservicetoreducecustomererrorsinuseandavoidwastingprecioustimeandmoney.Youmaywishtolistentotheopinionsoftheindustry,Ibelieveitwillhelpprotectthegoodperformanceoftheprintingpress.
Vyhlídky rozvoje
1.Vývojový stav
AccordingtostatisticsfromtheEuropeanFederationofPrintingandPaperProcessingMachineryManufacturersAssociation(EUMAPRINT),duetotheinfluenceoftheworldeconomyAsaresultoftherecession,thesalesofprintingmachineryandequipmentinsevencountriesincludingGermany,France,theUnitedStates,Italy,andSwitzerlanddecreasedby13.08%in2002comparedto2001.Fromtheanalysisofeconomicprosperityindex,among11countriesincludingEurope,America,China,Russia,andJapan,onlyChinaandRussiaareontherise,andtherestareonthedecline.Amongthem,Germany'ssalesin2002wereapproximatelyUS$6.8billion,whichwashigherthanthatin2001.Ayear-on -roční pokles o 12%;Tržby v USA byly přibližně 2,27 miliardy USD, 16% pokles oproti roku 2001;Tržby ve Spojeném království v roce 2002 klesly o 24% od roku 2001 na přibližně 1,064 miliardy USD;Tržby v Itálii klesly o 8%, asi 76 milionů
Thetopfivecountriesintermsofannualoutputvalueofprintingmachineryandequipmentin2001were:Germany7.73billionU.S.dollars,Japan3.918billionU.S.dollars,theUnitedStates2.702billionU.S.dollars,Britain1.4billionU.S.dollars,andItaly829millionU.S.dollars..In2001,thetop5countriesforexportingprintingmachineryandequipmentwere:Germany6.325billionU.S .dollars,Japan1.578billionU.S.dollars,theUnitedStates1.246billionU.S.dollars,Italy1.06billionU.S.dollars,andtheUnitedKingdom940millionU.S.dollars.Thetopsixprintingmachineryandequipmentimportsin2001were:US$2.2billionintheUnitedStates,US$1.3billioninChina,US$1.228billioninGermany,US$922millioninItaly 920 milionů USD ve Spojeném království a 798 milionů USD v Japonsku. V roce 2002 byl čínský trh s tiskařskými stroji skvěle proveden. Prodej tiskařských strojů a zařízení se zvýšil o 13,8 %, takže je třeba vidět pro světové výrobce a zařízení pro sprinty.