Základní vzdělání
Základní škola (7 fotografií)
Inadditiontothecharacteristicsofeducation,elementaryeducationhasuniquebasiccharacteristics:First,itisuniversal;Thesecondisobligatory;thethirdiscomprehensive.ElementaryeducationInTitutionsWereFirstborningerManyinthesixteenthCentury, sponzoredByCities awntowns, andTaughtPracticalznalostdgeandProtestantTeachings.
ATTHEGINNINGFTHTHESENTENTHURY, SOMSCHOOLSGRADULYSKRESSADED a BECAMEInTitutions, které jsou vedeny Compulsoryeducation.Afterthebourgeoisrevolution, EuropeanCountriesAndJaponskoWerealSoestableMoneafranoranother.
„Primární škola“ THEACHESCHILDRENITERACYISALSOCALED „MENGXUE“ INANCIENTTIMES.ITincludestWomeanings: EducageStageanDeducationplace.TheMainContentofeducationInliteracy, psaní adfeudalmoraloducation.THETEXTBOOKSAregenerálně "Mengqiu", "ThreecharacterClassics", "StofAmilylySurnames", "ThousandCaractersWen", "Fourbooks" atd..ThisNofixEdNumberOfyears.Použijte sidividualTeaching, payAttentiontorecitationand -practice.StudentsInschoolarealsocalled "Mengsheng".
ModernschoolSandedanducationsystemswereintroducedIntochinabywesternmissionaries.Attheendofthe19ThurUryandTheBeginnof20..UnderthepressureofThesituation, theqingGovernmenthadnochoicebuttoopenthedoortheedotheeducationInNationNetwork.ATTheendof1905, ITPromulgodanewschoolsystem, AbolidheimperiaLexAminationSystem, a PromotedNewschoolsnation po celém.INTHIRSTYEAROFXUANTONG (1909), AfterthelocalimperialexaminationsReaseased, Westernlearninggraduallybecamethemainformofschooleducation.
Venkolementární škola
TATIONATIONGOvernmentreformededelementaryschoolsin1915THESCHOOLISANATIONSKOOL, „TOTOTHTHETHEFONTACEOFNATIONMALSALSTEGENALKNOWNELALKNOWLEDGENDEndSKILDSKILLSKYSKYRALNALALALALIFE“.„PrimaryschoolClass“ IsDividedIntolementaryschoolClassandvysokýerschoolclass.EnrollatTheageofSix, astudyforfouryears.Po ukončení studia YouCanenteraPrimaryschool (ThreeyearsOfStudy) v závislosti na.ThisLsoapReparatoryschool, ParalLelenTothenationalschoolandelelamentaryschool, „toprovideelementarygeneralereducation aprepareforthepromotionTomidDlesschooloschoolo.„NationalschoolSaredividedIndeidedntoearly (Fouryary) Andlate (tři roky).V roce 1922, TATHERACESchoolwaschedToelamelaryschoolandtheparatoryschoolwasabolid.In1940,theNationalGovernmentimplementedtheso-called"integrationofmanagement,education,care,andsanitation",stipulatingthateachtownshipshouldestablishacentralnationalschool(equivalenttoacentralprimaryschool),withthetownshipchiefservingasthecaptainandprincipalofthetownship’syoungandmiddle-agedcadresconcurrently,andtheestablishmentofnationalschools(equivalenttoVillageprimaryschool),theprincipalisconcurrentlyservedbythesecuritychief.
PonortefoundingofThepeople'srepublicChina, acentralementaryschoolwassetupatthetownship (People'Scomune), a VillagePrimaryschoolsWereseTupineachVillage (ProductionBrigade).S tím, že se vyskytuje, TheProportionOfyoungChildrenhasdeclined, ThesourceofprimaryschoolStoolStasDecresed, aVillageshavebeguntomerge, andmanyplacesonlyretaintingontingCentralPrimaryschools, který semakesitelyinCoNventElfaveshotoStoSchools, které jedexitElvenientFoTravelElfEnEngesChotoStoStoSotoStoStoStoStoStoSotoschools..
Newchina'sprimaryschoolschoolSetabolidsTistinctionBetween JuniorandSeniorPrimaryschoolsinterepublicOfchina, amplementedEdEdEdEdEMeranConsistentSystemOfPrimaryschools, s obouročními ročními ročními ročními morálkamischoolssuccessessessessivelylyssessessivelysssessivelyslyslyssivelyslyssively.
DuetotheimplementationOfnine-ročníkompulsoryeducation, zkoušky arenolongerimplementedforthomotionofelementaryschooltojuniorvysokýschool.
Nabídka
Základní učebnice základní školy „Common Sense“ (2 fotografie)
Chinese,mathematics,English,moralityandruleoflaw,science,informationTechnology(computerbasics),sports,music,art.StageClassification
Juniorprimaryschool
JuniorPrimaryschooliscalled "Juniorprimaryschool", který referstothestageofeducation fromthefirstGradeTotheFourthgradeofprimaryschool.ThosewHoHavessatedThefourthgradewillhavea "juniorelementaryschool" titul.Itwasinthe1970sTatementPrimaryschoolsweregenerallySestabledInchina'sSurnderedRurarareas.Ruralschoolsinmanyareasare "OneChool, Oneacher, Oneclassroom, OneClass" ElementaryPrimaryschoolComPoundClasses.OneTeachertookCareofallCoursesin4Grades.ElementaryAndelamentaryeducationISofGreatSignificanceTotheeradicationFilliteracy.
Vyšší PRIMARYSCHOOL
Vyšší PRIMARYSCHOOLiscalled"seniorprimaryschool",whichmeansthatthefifthandsixthgradesofelementaryschoolarecalled"seniorgrades".ThosewHoHavePassedTheHighschoolandPrimaryschoolwillobtaighschooldIploma.Před rokem 1949, SeniorPrimaryschoolsinchinawerenotcommon.
Endelementaryschool
Venkovská základní škola (8 fotografií)
TheschoolwithelementaryelementaryschoolandadvancedelementaryschooliscalledItisa"completeelementaryschool",referredtoas"completeelementaryschool".AfterChinaimplemented"universalnine-yearcompulsoryeducation",theestablishmentofruralprimaryschoolshasbecomeabasicstandard.Primaryschoolsincountytownsandcitiesabovearegenerallycompleteprimaryschools,sotheywillnolongerbemarkedafterthe1960s,whileprimaryprimaryschoolsinruralareasarestillasignofthedegreeofeducationpopularization.BurdenreductionMeasures
Podle toho, co se týče, je to, že se jedná o to, aby se séristaofeducationsontaressComSoolsinthefallSemesteres.
Inordertoeffectivelyreducetheexaminationpressureofstudents,theMinistryofEducationhasissuedthe"NoticeonStrengtheningExaminationManagementinCompulsoryEducationSchools",whichproposestoaccuratelygraspexaminationfunctions,significantlyreducethenumberofexaminations,rationallyuseexaminationresults,andimprovelearningProcessevaluationandotherrequirements.ExexaminationsInTheCompulsoryEDucationStagemainlyExerttheFunctionsOfDiagnosingademicSentiment, zlepšováním a avalungautingTeaningquality.Kromě forthejuniorvysokýschoollevexaminations, otherexaminationsdoNoNothavetheFefunctionOfSelectionAndSelection.
„Oznámení“ ClarifiestHatpaper-založené exexaminace budou sjednoceny
SoučasnýStatusoftheschoolSystem
Domesticschoolsystem
Pevninská Čína
Šestiletý systém
PrimaryschooleDeducationIsgenerallySix Roční systém, dividedInTothRestages: FirstgradeandSeCondgradeTeheCalledLowerGrades, ThirddAndFourthGradeMemidgrades, a na prvním místě.ATTheBeginningof1970, inline s výukou „EducationShaldberevolutionAlizedSchoolsystemsHoused“, thesix-rokprimaryschoolsystém WaschedTofive-YearSystém.V roce 1979 byl pětiletý systémový systém šestiletý systém.
Pětiletý systém
ATTHEGINNINGOFTHE21STURY, someareasconductedexperimentStoimplementFive-YearPrimaryschooladucation.Například v roce 2006 Ningbo, Shandongandotherplacesported „May4thschoolsystem“ PilotProgramoffive YearPrimaryschoolandfour roční juniorvysokýschoolinsomeschools.JiningandotherplacessTilluSethe "Mayfourthschoolsystem" dnes.
Tchaj -wan
Tchaj -wan’sprimaryschoolcurriculummainlyincludeslanguagelearningareas(includingMandarin,English,Hokkien,HakkaandIndigenouslanguages,MandariniscalledMandarininelementaryschools,andMandariniscalledMandarininmiddleschools),lifecourses(subjectsinthefirstandsecondgradesofelementaryschool,acombinedsubjectofnatureandlifetechnologyandsociety),mathematics,society,natureandlifetechnology,artandhumanities,Theuseoftextbooksforhealthandsports,flexibility,comprehensiveactivities,andmajortopics(informationeducation,environmentaleducation,genderequalityeducation,humanrightseducation,careerdevelopment,homeeconomicseducation)variesfromschooltoschool.
AbrieFintroductionToeachfield
Mandarinlanguage: ChineselangageageabilityIshefoundationOfLearningandSonstructingnowledge.ChineselinganguagelearningCultivatesthebasicabilityOfStudententStouseneSeseflexibible.Laythefoundationforlifelongearning.
Životní místo: kultivatetePolitenessOfdailelifeandtheprecautionsInlife.
Matematika: kultivatestudents'LogicalRasoningabiliabilityInMathematics.
Společnost: Coversdifferentfieldssuchashistory, geografie, občanství atd.., SothatStudentsCanunderstandtheenVironmentamentandSociety.
NatureandLifescienceandtechnology: Inclumingscience, Astronomy, NatureObservation atd.., toimprovestudents'attitudeTowardeMpiricalResearch.
Angličtina: BecausetheministryofeducationAtachesgreaToportancetoenglish, EnglishSubjectdeaddedin2003.
Hudba: LearnMusictoimproveStants'Artistictemperament.
VisualArt (dříve známý): LetStudentSexperienceartinitially, hlavně vyříznutí, obrazy, obrazy, origami.
Počítač: LetStudentsGetApReliminaryAnderStandingOfComputeRoperationsInOrderTokeepUpwithThetimes.
HealthAndSports: viceoralcommunication, dynamicteaching atd., LetStudentsDevelopexerciseHaBitsApsapPreciateTeimportanceofHealth.
Flexibilita: ThislessonistoincreasethEnEmberOfSesionsOfCivesSubjects, které jsou uvedeny.
Komplexní: TheCourSemainlyFocuseSeronlearningVocabularyandwatchingMovies.IthasawiderangeandsersesasaneducationalCourseforTeaningTheprinciplesoflife.
Cizincim
U.S.
MASTELKERSAYSchoolsintheunitedStateSimplementsIx Roční roční assiomeimplementfour-roční roční roční roční období.Roční roční letcelementaryschoolusAllyLinkthelementaryschooldectlywiththejuniorvysokýschoolorvysokýschool.AmericalementarysCoolSaregerallysSmallinsize (obecně noomorethan25studentssineachclass), withoneacheanineachclass, a theteacherMerMustCompleTeeachingTaskSofeachSubjedguideStants'extraculactivities.
ThePrimaryschoolCurriculumintheunitedStateSisextremeLyflexible; thereereneitherwell-definedsubjectsnorfixeaninghours.ElementaryschoolSineachstaterenerelyofferCoursesinenglish, matematika, Naturalsciences, Society, Sport, Art, Music a ForeignLanguages.
EnglishAccountsforthelgestProportionOfAmericAnelementaryschoolCurricula.AmericalementaryschoollanganguageusIsFurtherDideDidedInderoreading, gramatika, psaní a konverze, mezi nimiž lze mezi nimi..
MathematicSthesubjectTamericAmericStudensShaveStudiedTheLongeStExcepceForchineSinelementaryschool.Soudě v soudí, které jsou uvedeny v případě, žeactualSituationAmericanschools, AmericanelementaryschoolsgenerallyLackstrictTraininganingRequirementsFormathematics, a theCurriculumLayowAslowaspossiblessiblessiblessiblessiblessiblessiblessibles.TheentirelementaryschoolhaslessinvolvemenTinabstractalgeBraormoreresificifitMathematicathematicToncepts, andmainlyFocusesonaddition, odčítání, multiplikace addivisionsionsion.Fournaithmeticfuss.
NaturalscienceClassesgenerallyIncludescientientifickNowledgedgeandprinciples, environmenleducation, scienceandtechnology agenerallAllSnowledgeofhysics.SocialClassSoverAwiderangeoftopics, obecně includinghistory, geografie, politika, ekonomika ageneralKnowledgeofresourceprotection.
SociallessonsonSareusedStoteachStudentsGerallAllCowledgeofSocialLifeinalife-orientedway, takové, že se vyskytují, shromažďování, které jsou uvedeny na etd, atd. Atd. Atd.., Povolení stupnintstocceptrelevantCoursecontentThroughTherownpersonExperienceRatherthanroteMemorization.MnohopeoplethickthattheeducationalMethodsofamericansansocialClassarenotacademic však.Proto SinCethe1980s, které jsou uvedeny v přípravku ,MandforrereformsinelementaryschoolSClasseSandTurningsOcialClassesIntosystematichistory, geografie, orothertraditionosocialsUbject -KnowledgeDeducation..vysoký.
Cizí jazyk (cizí jazyk (cizí jazyk, který je uveden., cizí jazyk, který jedelementaryschoolsareoptionalOrInterestcourses, andstudentsVoluntlyDecideWhetherTostudyornotacordingTotheirownterests.EverychoolchoosesWhichforeignLanguageagetochooseacdingtothecharacteristicsOflocalhumangeography.Forexample, ElementaryschoolswithBilingualClassuschaschinegenerallyHaveToreGisterSeralyearsinAdvance.IfThEnMumberOfregisteredStudentSistoolarge, onikanasOUSELotTerytHodstodeterMeTetHoice.)
SomeschoolsalsoofferHealthcarecLassesandhomeeconomicsClass, asomeschoolsoolsferindigensClasSestoteachthelangangageageangangofLultureofLocAlindigenUspeoples.
Přestože se jedná o tokurrikulumConTofamericAnelementaryschoolshasbeenExpanded astrenthanenedInRedyears, igeneral, TheentireElementaryschoollangageIsstillthecoreintemindsofschoolteachersStudents a atrotherotHebjectsoftenTacTacTagTagTantenced, někdy, někdy iSesesevenCencered, někdy, ženToatTagTagTagTagTagHenaghentAntenced..
Kanada
(1) TheCloseConnectionbetweencurriculumandLife
CanadianelementaryschoolStachgreatimportancetotheCloseConnectionbetwecurriculumandLife.TrytoSetupContentrelatedtoreallifeandactualWorkIntheCoursecontent.Forexample, SomeelamentaryschoolSallowLegirlstodohousekeepingandsforboyswhentheyReachtheuppersgrades, WhileruralelelamentaryschoolSemphasizelearningofgardeningNening.ManyElementaryschoolSofferCoursesinwoodworking, vaření, malba, otáčení, keramika a kompenzace.TheTeachingMethodsOfTheSourseSainlyIMitationGameSintheLowerGrades, takový, že StudingStudententstoplayrolegamesassaless, lékaři, reportéři, policejníci atd. Atd.., orsentinguppolicEateachInschoolStoNableStStstolearnaboutpoliceoCcupationsAndRelevantlawsfirsthand.znalost.Intheuppersgrades, pravidelné narušení.StudentiearnNotonlysomesmpletheories a principles, bulasosomeSimpleoperationTechniques.PrimaryschoolswithGoodConditionSoftenHaveVocationalAndtechnicalworkshops, tayswoodworkshops, počítačové místnosti, kavárny atd..Therearebasicequipmentintheworkshops, andstudentscanusespecialtimetoCuctuctpracticalperationsInThem.
Inshort, afhecontententofcanadianianelementaryeducationCurriculumComesDirectlyFromLife, atheorganizationofTheCurriculumaLoiMititesReallife.TheTeachingByCloSelyLinkingCourseSandlifeisconduciveTostudents'UnderstandingofsocieandLife.IthasthenatureofprofessionAlenLightenment apreparesstudentsfortheirfuturelife.
(2) intenzivněpeningofinformationtechnologyCourses
InKanada,informationtechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,andithaspenetratedintovariousfieldsofsociallifeandschoollife.Inthecontextoftherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology,allprovincesinKanadahavefullyrealizedtheimportanceofopeninginformationtechnologycourses.Tothisend, tematické ,feducationOfvariousProvinshaSissuedDocuments requestingTheSestableSofinformationTechnologyCoursesinelementaryschools.Forexample, inthesyllabusIssuedbytheministryofeducationOfB · cprovincein2000, specificRequirementsforeningInformationTechnologyCoursesfromKinderGargenTosenthgradewereformulated.TheschooloffersinformationTologyNologyCourseSeNableStUndentStanStandinformationTechnologyToolsfromanearlylyage, postupně semastersheuseofTheSetools, a ChultivateTheirawarenessAntabilitastooBtaininformation FromanearyageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageagerageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageageA.Učitelé budou nalezeny.SOMEAMEASMeTeachingContentintheformOfCourseware, ahentudentslearnlanguage, geografie, matematika, grafika atd..skrz computerToSelectTheapProPRiateContentAntAndSpeed.TheWidesPreaduseofinformationtechnologyToolSinothercousensincanadianianelementaryschoolshassAsproducedgoodresults.
(3) ExtensiveSettingOfComSensiveCurriculum
TheintegrationofelementaryschoolCurriculumisamajortrenDenthedevelofelementaryeducationInvariousCountrieSintheworld.TheCurriculuMofcanadianelementaryschoolSully reflectsthecomprehensivita.Funkce.TeachersdonothaveObviousDivisionOfTeachingInclass a thereisnofixedTimeTable.AclassIsoftencomprehyense, IntegratingLanguage, aritmetika, společnost, věda, umění, hudba atd.., Oritcanbeunitary, withonlyoNeclass.ItemContent, atopic.
Forexample, Ecolemarlborough (Ecolemarlborough) InbonaparteschooldIstrict, b.C.,Kanadateachesstudentsthe"CanadianSocietyandCulture"inthefirstgradesocialclassofelementaryschool.InthespecialClass, theteacherfirstTellStheStudentsSomestoriesboutcAnadianSocietyand accultureintheclass, atheateachesthestudentstosing, choreographdancesAndotherformStomaketHestentsgraduallyunstanadiansAniansietyand aculture..Theschoolalsoinvitessomelocalstorytellers,dancers,writersandpoetstotheschooltotellorperformtheirworkstothestudents,andtheseworksmorespecificallyexpressthelocalsocietyandcultureofKanada.StudentscanfurtherdeentheirunderScandingoftHountry's acculture.
TheTeacheralsoallowTheStEntStouseschool, domov a socialresourcestokollektinformationanadiansociety aClulture.Poté, TheTeacherhelpStheStudents CompiletherePresentativeInformationTheyHaveCosMall Book.TheBooklet, a anthestudents bude uveden.Inaddition,inthistopic,inorderforthestudentstorecognizeanddistinguishthesymbolsofKanada,suchasnationalflags,coins,mapleleaves,totempoles,etc., oni si budou samy o sobě ahentivetHemtotheacherstodeentheStSentStIsTisTisTintHisTintHintHisTentSentSentSentSentSentSentSentSenty.ASSENSEOFIDENTITYWITHSOCIETY.AfterkompletingThistopic, studenti budou mít najevoamorecomprehensiveaddpreliminaryAnderStandingofcanadiansadiansOcietyand aClulture.Inthisclass,itnotonlyincludessocialznalostandculturalznalost,butalsoincludeslanguage,music,artandmanyotherznalost.
Canadianelementaryschoolsallowstudentstolearnavarietyofznalosttogether,whichnotonlyenablesstudentstolearnawealthofznalost,butmoreimportantly,cultivatesstudents'connectionwiththingsfromanearlyage.
Japonsko
Vzdělávací systém
ThebasicstructureofeducationmanagementinJaponskoincludesthecentralandprefecturalgovernmentsDifferentlevelssuchascounties,cities,townsandvillages,andschools.FromtheMeijiRestorationtoafterWorldWarII,itseducationaladministrationsystemwasvysokýlycentralized.Afterlldwarii, fundamentalreformswerecarriedOut, pomocí theUnitedStatesasamodel, implementaciSystemOfdecentralization, založeníLocAleducationCommittees, amplementingtheprincipleofinterentlocAleducationAdMiningationS.Od roku 1952, AhybridedaucationalAdministrationSystemCombiningLocAleducationadMinistrationIndependenceAndCentralizationhasgraduallyformed.
1.TheCentraleducationAdMinistrativeAgeaGenceStheMinistryofeducation.
IMESISTISTERISEFofeducationHasthePoweradResponsibilityToformulatePoliciesAndregulaceForedationReforManddevelovenCludingelementaryeducation.Atthenationallevel,theprimaryandsecondaryeducationbureausareresponsibleforprimaryeducation:directingtheworkoflocaleducationalinstitutions,planningprimaryandsecondaryeducation,managingeducators,assistinglocaleducationcommitteesintheirwork,guidingtheworkofteachersinprimaryandsecondaryschools,andformulatingeducationstandards,Approvedtextbooks,etc.
Inaddition,theMinistryofEducationalsomanagestheNationalInstituteofEducation,theNationalChildren’sCenter,andtheNationalCommissionforUNESCOinJaponsko,allofwhichprovidemacroguidanceandassistancetoelementaryeducationfromdifferentaspects.
2.LocalElementaryeducationAdministration
Podtrincipleoflocal-realf-government, elementaryeducationIsAinlyCarriedOutUnderShiphiphiphoftHeloCaleducationAdMinistrativeRization, zvláště směrně utrpělá dotazAducationCommittee.Rozvíjející se areární organizace.Takové hodnocenípaprimaryschool; přípravné třídy; vydávání aselectingTextBook;.
3.SocialEducationAdministration
SocialEducationAdministrationrelatedtoelementaryeducationformulatessocialeducationpoliciesandplansatthenationallevel,andattheprefecturallevelitisalibraryandcitizenAtthemunicipallevel,thereareinstitutionssuchaslocallibraries,publichalls,museums,youthnaturehouses,youthhomes,andchildren’strainingsquares,aswellasfamilyeducationclasses,women’seducationactivities,audio-visualeducationandotheractivities.
4.SchoolManagement
TheprimaryschoolisthemaininstitutionofprimaryeducationinJaponsko.Herectví; ThereArealSoLifeGuidancedCertor, SchoolHealthCommittee, SchoonyEarmeeting, ResearchProMotionCommittee, PlannaperationCommittee, EvaluationCommittee, atd..
PublicAlementaryschoolsdonotChargetUition, PrivateschooLexpenSareself-finared, andstudentsPayTuition.
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