Polyvinyl chlorid

Kompoziční struktura

PolyvinylchlorideisapolymermaterialthatusAchloreaTotomToreplaceahydrogenatominpolyethylen.ISanamorphuspolymerWithasmalmalmalMountofcrystalinestructure.Thestructureofthismaterialisasfollows:-(CH₂-CHCl)_n-.PvcisaLinearpolymerinwhichVcmmonomersAreconConlectedInAHead-to-tailstructure.TheCarbonaTomsArearrangeDinazigzagPattern, andalusareconnectedBySigMabonds.Allcarbonatomsaresp³hybrids.

ThisShortsynDiotacticStructureonthepvcMolecularchain.AstepolymerationTempeRaturedecreass, thesyndiotacticicityncreases.ThemacromolecularStructureofPolyninylchlorideHasthedisadvantagesOfHeadStructure, BrandemedChain, Doublebond, Allylchlorid, terciarychlorineandotherunstablestructures, které jsou rezistentní a rezistentní a rezistentní a rezistentní a rezistentní a rezistentní a.AfterpretendingTobecross-vazba, taková, ženScanbeeliminovaná.

CroslinkingisdividedIdedIndoradiationCrosslinkingandchemicalcrosslinking.

1.Zesílení záření.Vysoce energeticky řečeno, obecněraysproducedbyacobalt60radiationSourceorelectronraysProducedByelectronacceleration, athelatlisMainlyused.AddCrossLinkingaids (TwormoreCarbon-CarbondoubleBondmonomers).TheoperationIsIfficultandRequiresHighequequipment.

2.Chemické zesíťování.TriazoledimerCaptoamineSalt (FSH) se používá.TheCross-LinkingMechanismisTataMineandsUlfhydrylCombineTaTackthecarbon-chlorbolandbondToperformSubstitutionReaction.Následné spojení, performanceoftheproduct, tasisvresistance, solventresistance, temperatureresistance, impactToghening atd.., Willbecomprehensiveilyimproven.

HistoricalEvolution

Asearlyas1835, polyvinylchloridewasDiscoveredbyv · leñointheunitedstates.WhitisitisirRodiaded withSunlight, itproducesAwHiteSolid, jmeelypolyvinylchlorid.

PVCWasDiscoveredtwiceinthe19. století, kdysiByHenrivictorregnault1835antheotherbyeugenbaumannin1872.Onbothoccasions, ThePolymerAppeareDeakeakerofvinylchlorideplacedUnderSunlightasawhitesOlid.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,RussianchemistIvanOstromislenskyandGermanGriesheim-ElektronchemistFritzKlattesimultaneouslytriedtousePVCforcommercialpurposes,butthedifficultywashowtoprocessthishardandsometimesbrittlepolymer.

In1912, ThegermanfritzKlattesynthesizedpvCandapliedforaPatentingerMany, ButfailedTodelodelodeloveSableProductBeeTetentExpired.

In1926, Waldosemonofb.F.GoodrichCompanyintheunitedStatessynthesizedpvCandapliedforapatentitenitedStates.Waldosemonandb.F.GoodrichCompanydevelopedamethodofplasticizingPVCbyaddingvariousadditivesin1926,makingitamoreflexibleandeasier-to-processmaterial,andsoonitwaswidelyusedincommercialapplications.

V roce 1914, itwasDiscoveredthatorganicperoxidesCouldacceleReteTepolymerationOfcylchlorid.V roce 1931, ThegermanMetdusedeMulsionPolymerizationTorealizetheindustrialProductionOfpolyninylchlorid.In1933, w.L.SimonProposedTouseHighboilingpointSolventAndtricresylphospsphateTohealandmixwithpvc, který se týká..BenemenchemicalIndustries, UnitedKingdom, UnionCarbidiadeCorporation a GoodrichchemicalCompanyDeveredThesusPonsionPolymerationOfcylchlorideandthessingapplicationOfpvCalSomsimulTaneousIn193666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666..INorderToSimplifyToDeproductionProcesAndReduceEnerGyConsconsent, theFrenchsaint-GobainCompanyDeveredtheBulkpolymerizationMethodin1956.V roce 1983 byla celková spotřeba na světě asi 11.1MT, a athetotalProductionCapacityWASABOUT17.6mt; itwestheSonDLeadpLastPlasticvarietyApterPolyethylelenoduction, AccountForBout15%ofTotalPlasticProduction.Čínská sama-designpvcproductionEquipment PasssuptintotrialProductionInLiaoningjinxichemicalPlantin1956.3KtunitWasofficiallydustrializelidin1958 a theoutputIn1984Was530.9KT.

PVCWasindustrializedInteearly1930S.SinCethe1930, foralongperiodoftime, theoutputOfpvchasbeenRankedfirstintheworld'splasticconsonsonsonsvion.Inthelate1960s, polyethylerenereplátovanýpolynylchlorid.AčkolipvcplasticsRanksSecond, aleoutputStLaccountsformorethanaquarterofTeTaLoLoutputPofPlastics.

Beforethe1960S, TheProductionOfMonoMemerlinylchloridewasBasicalsbaseCalciumcarbideacetytylen.TheProductionOfCalciumcarbiDerequireDaloTofelectricityandCoke, AtheCostwashigh.Po přepadení ,fethylenoxychloracetoproduceninylchlorideintheearly1960, venkovskýmtocheaperpetroleumasrawmaterials.Nepříjemník, becausealargePartoftherawmaterialOfpolyninylchlorid (asi57%by-váha) je-productofthesodaindustry, itisnotonlyarichsourceofrawmaterials, butalsooneofThemostimProductsfortheveDeveDeveDeveDeveDmentanmenTmenTmenTmenTmenTofTHETHERANCESTHEANTHENTRAMENTYANCESTRANANCESALENTYANDUSTRAN A.Proto, ačkoliv, ačkoliv, itstillMaintainSainsainsainsainsaintaititicsrowThrate.

PVCplasticProductsarewidelyused, butinthemid-1970s, peoplerealizedtheresidualMonominylchlorid (VCM) inpvcresinandproductSiSiousCarcinogen.Nepochybně, itwillaffectthedevelofpvctoaCiveExtenttent.Nicméně, PeoplehaveSuccesedThereSidualvcMtHroughVehiclessandotermeans, sothatthecontentofvcminthepolynylchlorideresinisTisthan11S10pM, které se vyskytují..ItCanevenMethevcmContentinthereSinlessThan5pm, atheresidualvcMafterProcessingisextremelySmall.V podstatěharmlesstothehumanbody, itcanbeusesAsFoodMedicinePackagingandand astoys.

Mainclassification

Podle PvccanbediDideDiDidedInto: obecný purposepvcresin, highpolymerizaceDegrepvcresin, a kříž-linkedpvcresin..Thegeneral-purposePVCresinisformedbythepolymerizationofvinylchloridemonomerundertheactionofaninitiator;thehighdegreeofpolymerizationPVCresinreferstotheresinpolymerizedbyaddingachainextendertothevinylchloridemonomerpolymerizationsystem;thecross-linkedPVCresinisAresinpolymerizedbyaddingacrosslinkingagentcontainingdieneandpolyenetothevinylchloridemonomerpolymerizationsystem.

Podle nothethodofobtainingvinylchloridemonomeru, itcAnBedIdIDidedIndocalciumcarbideMethod, ethylenemeToDandimported (EDC, VCM) monomermothod (theethylenemeteMoDimportedMonoMemerToDecomMoNlyLeredToSethylenelaw)).

PodlepolymerizationMethod, polyvinylchloridecAnDiDiDidedIndofourCategories: suspensionpolyninylchlorid, emulsionpolyninylchlorid, bulkpolynylchlorid a solutionPolynylchlorid.SuspenzeProcessPolyninylchlorideistHelargestvarietyinoutput, AccountForABOUT80%ofToTaLoLoutputOfpvc.SuspenzeMethodpvcisDidedIndedIndosixModelscordingToabsoluteviscosity: XS-1, XS-2 …… XS-6; XJ-1, XJ-2 ……, XJ-6.TheMeaningOfeachletterinthemodel: X-SuspensionMethod; S-LooseType; J-CompactType.

Podle PvcplasticplasticsAroftendiDidedInto: neplastizovanýpvc, plastiZecontentis0; rigidpvc, plastiidContentisThan10%; semi-rigidFinTentInTintInTint, thePlasticonTentin, thePlasticonTentin, thePlasticonTentis, thePlasticonTentis, thePlasticonTentis, thePlasticonTentis, theplasticTentin, thePlasticonTentis30%;.

Metoda přípravy

PolyvinylchloridecanbemadebysUbstitutionReactionfethylen, chlorineandcatalyst.Duetoitsfireandheatresistance, polyvinylchlorideiswidelyuseuseuseusedvariousproductsinallwalksoflife: wireheaths, fiberopticsheaths, boty, kabelky, doplňky, znaménko a architektonické, které jsou některé, ohrady, toys, toys..

Metoda polymerace

PVCISPREPAREDBYFREERADICADICADDITIONPOLYMERIZACEMETOD.Thepolymerizationmethodismainlydividedintosuspensionpolymerizationmethod,emulsionpolymerizationmethodandbulkpolymerizationmethod.SuspenzepolymerationsthemainMethod, který se účastní.Purewater, Liquefiedvcmmonomer, a dispersantareaddedtotereeactor, atheninitiadorandoteradditiveareaddedded.AfterthetemperatureIsraisedtoActerTemperature, thevcmmonomemerUnderGoesFreeradicalPolymerizationTOformpvcparticles.ContinuousStirringMakestHeparticlesIZiformAndAndSusPendsTheresultingParticlesInWater.Nepřijevo, v tom, že naopak-suspensionmethodtoproducepvcpasteresin, který jeproperties apaste-tvorba.

①SusspensionPolymerizationMethod: THE THEMOMOMERISSUSPENDEDANDDISPERSESEDENTHASEINTHOFORMOFDOPLETS, SELECEDECEDICKEDOIL-SOLUBLEITITITITITITITITITITITISOLSOLVEDINTHEMONM.HeatofreactionSabsorBedByWaterintime.INORDERTOENSURETHATTHEDEDRETSISPERSERSEDINIDINWATERASBEADS, suspenzestabilizerssuchasgelatin, polyvinylalkohol, methylcelulóza, anydroxyylcelulULoseneedTobeaddeddedded.Iniciátoři nejposuzující organicperoxidesanzokompominy, takový, coasdiisopropylperoxydikarbonát, dicyclohexylperoxydikarbonát, diethylhexylperoxydikarbonate, andazobisisoheptonitrile, azonitrogententwoisonitRiLoNitrileandsoon..ThePolymerationIsIsIsIsIsIsOutOutInapolymerizationvesselequippedwithAstirrer.Afterpolymeration, thematerialflowsInTotHemonoMeroverecoveryTankorstripPertoreCoverthemonomer.ThenitflowsInTotheMixkettle, Washedwithwater, DewateredByCentrifugation, anddriedtoobtainthefinishedresinproductuct.Vinylchloridemonomery, které by mohoutovátFromthereSinasmuchaspossible.ForpvCusedForfoodPackaging, theFreemonoMecontentsHouldbeControlledBelow1ppm.INORDERTOensurethattheresinwithtHecifiedMolecular -weightandMolecular -weightDistributionRangeadpreventExplosionDuringPolymeration, thetemperatureandpressureofThepolymerizationProcessMustBecontrolled.The ParticlicliclicliclicledParticlesIdIstributionOfthereSinareControlledBethirringSPeedandTheselection aDosageofThesesPonsionStabilizer.THE AqualityOfresinisCracterizedByparticlesizeandParticlesIZistribution, Molecular -weightsandmolecular -váha, zjevná, pórovitost, rybář, tepelná stabilita, barva, nečistota antertantAntAntAndPowderfreefreefreefreefreefreeblability.ThePolymerizationReactoristhemainequipment.ItismadeofSteelReactorliningStainlessSteelorenamel.ItisequippedwithAstirRerandaheattransferjackettoControlthetemperature, oraninternalcoolingpipe, arefluxcondenser, atd..INorderToredoreducePhoductionCost, TheVolumeoftereActorhassgraduallydeveredFomafewCubicTestoadoZecubicMeterstoalargescale, athemaximumhAximumhasreached200cubicmeters (KettlereActor).Polymerizery by se měli pojímat.PVCMadewithpolynylalkohol acellulUlUseethersassAsPonsionStabilizersErallylooser, Hasmanopores, ahasalargesurfacearea, které seasytoabsorbplastivize aplastical aplasticalizeze.

②emulsionPolymeration: OneofTheearLietSindustrialProductionMethodsOfpvc.Inemulsionpolymerization,inadditiontowaterandvinylchloridemonomers,surfactantssuchassodiumalkylsulfonatearealsoaddedasemulsifierstodispersethemonomersinthewaterphasetoformanemulsion,usingwater-solublepotassiumpersulfateorAmmoniumpersulfateistheinitiator,and"oxidation-reduction"initiationsystemcanalsobeused,andthepolymerizationprocessandsuspensionmethodaredifferent.ThereArealsoaddedpolyninylalkohol alkoholasanemulsionstabilizér, dodecylmercaptanasaregulátor asodiumbicarbonateasabuffer.TherearethreepolymerizationMethods: BatchMethod, polokontinuální methodandContinuousMethod.Polymerizovanýproduktislatex-like, theparticliclesizeofheeMulsionis0.05-2 μm, AnditCanbedIRectlyAppliedorspray-sušentoapowderedresin.TheEMUlsionPolymerizationMethodhasashortPolymerationPeoDanDiseasiertoControl.TheobtaingedresinhasahighmolecularweightandarelativněuniformpolymerationDegree.ITISUitableForMakingPolyninylchloridepaste, tvorba praktikálníchproduktů.FormulationofeMulsionPolymerizationIsComplex, a theProducthasaHighiMimpurityContent.

③BulkpolymerizationMethod: ThePolymerationDeviceIsRelativně speciální, převážně komponosové-polymerationtandahorizontalpolymerationTankwithaframestirrer.TheAgGregationIscarrieridOutIntwostages.MonomersandinitiatorReres-polymerizedEntrepre-polymerizationKettFor1HourtogenerateseedStarticles.AtThistime, TheConversionRateReaches8%až 10%a athenflowsInTotheSecond-StagepolymerizationKettleadDprepolymmery, atd..THEAMONTONTOFMONCONTinuestopolymemerize.AftertheConversionRatereaches85%na 90%, TheresidualMonomersAredischarged, a thencrushedsedSedToObtaintheFinisedproduct.TheparticliclicliclesandshapeoftereSinareControlledBetHestirringSpeed, athereatheactionheatistakenOutToutTyThonomerRefluxandCondensation.TheProductionProcessofThishodisSimple, theProductqualityIsgood, a theProductionCostislow.

PVCModificationMethod

PVCresinisapolarnon-Krystalinepolymer, hustota: 1.38g/cm³,glasstransitiontemperature:87°C,soithaspoorthermalstabilityandisnoteasytoprocess.Itcannotbeusesdirectly, itmustbemodified a compompuned, andrelatedadditivesand alvaddeddedoreitcanbeused.However,duetothedifferenttypesandfractionsofrelatedadditivesandfillersadded,thisdeterminesthatthepropertiesandrequirementsofthepreparedPVCmaterialsaredifferent.Weuusalycallitpvcformula, strictlyspeaking, iTispvcModifiedFormula, apvccnonlybeuseuseuseuseuseuseuseuseuseusedtermodification.ThisCategoryisoftenclenslassifiedspolyMerModifiedMaterials.TEMODIFIKACEFPOLYMERMATERIALSMAINLYFOCUSESONRESEARDONTHEHEHIGHERFORMENCEFGENERAL-PurposePastics, theConversionOfSingle-componentMaterialStomulti-ComponentCompositeMaterials (slitiny, směsi a kompozity), funkcionalizace a aptimizace addimizace addimizace addimizace addimizace addimizace, a aptimizace a aptimizace..Modifikace MetHodsAinlyChemicalModification, FullingModification, Posílení modifikace, BlendingModificationAnnano-CompositeModification.TheBasicprincipleofModificationIncogiveMaterialsFunctionSoriMProveCevePropertiestHroughadditives.Proto ThelevelofpvcformulationTechnologyDetermineSthelevelEftechnologyand aproductioncapacityofactory.

PVCGenerallyNeedStobeModifiedAndPelletizedFirst.AfterBeingPreparedInTopelletswithasCrewextrudeRunit, itwillbemorelylyplasticadizedAsAsIertoprocess, zejména proproductswhoseprocessinjectionMoldingMoldingMolding.ScrewextruderisoneofTemostimportanTequipmentForPlasticMoldingand aprocessing.ITUSESESEXTERNALPOWERTRANSMISE a HEATTRANSFERFROMEXTERNALALHEATINGELEMENTSTOCARRYOUTPLASTICSOLIDTRSPORTACE, ZHODNĚNÍ, tání, střih, míchání a extrusionmolding.TheScrewextruderoccupiesAnimportantPosition PHetherasaPlastizing GranulatingMachineoraformingProcessingMachine.Strictlyspeaking, PVCProductswithspecialRequirementspvcModifiedFormulasaretailor-MadeaccordingTocustomerRequirements.ThissalsoacopolymerationDerivativeNethepvcProductionProcess.SOUTODIFIEDVARETIESIncludevinylchloridecopolymmery, Polyvinylchlorideblends a chlorovanýpolynylchlorid.

Barobilita

PolyvinylchloridehaspoorthermabilityAndLightresistance.Hydrogenchloridebeginstodecomposeat150 ° C, adverserereactionsccurwiththecontentofplasticarnizer.Nepřijevo, TheFEFFECTECTHPIGNSONPVCISRECTIPTERICENITHETHETHETHETHENTSREACTWITHPCANDOTROTHERCOMPONENTS.UNESOMMOMPONENTSINTHECOLORANTMAYPROMOTETEDEGRADATIONOFTHERESIn.FORECTOMPLEC, IronionsAndAnsionsionsAtalystsfortheDegradationReactionOfpvcresin.Proto používaného odoxidu (červený, žlutý, Brownandblack) pigmentsorwhitepigmentssuchaszincoxid, zincsulfideandlithoponewillreducethethermabilityFpvcresinssins.Určitá, colorantsMayInterAct sWithtHedegradationProductSofpvcresin.Forexacled, ultramarinepigmentshavepooracidresistance, soingeprocessofpvccoloring, budou se.Proto AsfaRaspvccoloringIsconcerndoval a vezměl si CONTOACCOUNTTHECHARACTERISCOFTHERESINANDRELADDIDITIVIVIVIVIVIVIVIVIVIVASUD.TheFollingIssuessHouldBepaidTittentiontowHenchoosingColorants.

1.ASTERTALITONSETHEPIGMENTWILLPOMETHERTHERMALOXYGENDECOMPOMISEOFPVCRESIN.

Témarizující methodistheechangeofpigmentedPolyethyleNewHenheatedto180 ℃.ThePigmentContainTatalionstoAcceleReTedeCompositionOfpvc, výsledek.AtTheSametime, itssheboted thatthesameadditionOflakeredcanMakepvcProducedferentColoRdifferences.IfCalciuscontained, ThecolordifferenceIsMall; ifmanganesescontained,.TOTOISDUETOTHOTHOMOTOFDEHYDROCHLOCHLONOFPVCBYMELASSUCHASMANGANESES.

Sulfidecolorants (tayscadmiumred atd.) jsou používányTocolorpvc, ahydrogensulfideMaybeliberatedDuetotheSeparationOfThecolorantant.Takové, které by se měly snižovat sWithLeadStabilizReavoidTheformationOfBlackleadsulfide.

2.TheFectEcTofPigmentsOntheelectricalinsulationOfpvc

Astecablematerial, pvcisthesaMeaspolyethylen, a theelectricalPropertiesFetercoloringshousedberedredgered.Inpartikulární, polyvinylchlorideitSelfleslessInsulatingthanpolyethylen, sotheinfluenceofpigmentsIseVerateared.ItshowSthatchOosinginorganicPmentStolorpvcisbetterForitSelectricalInsulationthanorganicpigments (kromě forfurnaceblackandanatasetitaniumdioxid).

Migrace

MigraceOnlyoccursinplasticedpvcProducts a WHenusingDyeSororganicpigments.Theso-calledmigrationsthatthepartialsSoLedySoRorganicpigmentsInteSurroundingSoLentEtrateTothesurfaceofTHepvcProductThroughTheplastiching, athedissolveddye (pigment) částicearealsobroughtTesurfaceofTheDedCthedCthed, který jeředstodizoduls, athedissolveddye (pigment).Krvácení, rozpouštědlo, které se vyskytují.

Další cobleshis "škálování".ItMeanstHattHecoloRantisResedFomTheSystemDuetopoorCompatibilityOrIncompatibilityofTheloringMaterialDuringColoringProcessing, andisDepositedOnThesurfaceofTheprocessingequipment (sahisastheInnerwallOftheextRuderBarrel, theInnerOfTheedieHole)).

Weatherresistance

ReferstotheabilityofThepigmentTowithstandvariousweathers.The Interncludevisibleandultravioletlight, vlhkost, teplota, atmosférická chlorace a chemicalsenconderedduringProductus.THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THEADETHERESISTANCEIncludescolor -FASTERNESS, CLALKingResistanceandDurabilityOnsOfyzicalProperties.OrganicPigmentsAdeRentDuetotheirdifferentStructures však.Nepříjemná útvar, které obsahují, jsou uvedeny.

Thefading, DarkeningorhuechangeofThepigmentisgenerallyCausedBeactionGeneofThepigment.TheSereActivegeNesCaninteractWithMoistureOrchemicalsintheatmosphere-AcidsandaLalis.Forexample, cadmiumeellowwillfadeunderTheactionOfMoistureandsUnSunUnUnlight.LitholredhasgoodlightresistanceandissuitableforMostooroorapplications.Nicméně, itwillfadeselywhesedesedOutdoorswithaciDandalkalicomponents.

THEASURINGMethodofDehydrochloracionisaccordingTojis-K-6723 a atheasuringTEremperatuRis180 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃.Založený na založeníTeTimeofDechloranionofTheuncoloredPolyninylchloridecompound, theExtensionOrretardationTieCalculateD5%a 10%intervaly.AnegativeValueIndicatesCeleratedDecomposition.

Stabilita

TheSofteningpointOfpolynylchlorideresiniSLow, asi75-80 ℃ a theembrittlementemteremPemPoratureSLowerthan-50 ~ -60 ℃ ℃ ℃ -60 ℃.Většina produktů není vhodná pro dlouhodobé použití.Nad 55 ℃, itcanreach90 ℃ s speciálním formou.IfthepolynylchlorideresisIsInearStructurewithaHead-to-sexinterface, thereerenobranchesAnduratedBondsinside, i když clbondenergyisrelativněsMall, testability oofThePolynylchlorideresinsHouldberelativně..Nicméně, Evewithhigh-PurityPolyninylchlorideresin, hydrogenchloridegaswillbegintoescapewhenitisAbove100 ° corexposedToulTravioladiationForalongTimeTime.ItshowsthattherearesharpgroupsorunstablestructuresinitsMolecularStructure.TheLongerthetime, themerodegradation a thehigherthetemperature, theFastertheDegradationrate, a theFefastertheDegradationRetencesProsentenceoFoxygenorair.

Elektrické vlastnosti

PolyvinylchlorideisapolarpolymerandhasagreafitInityForWaterAndotherConductiveMaterials, soitsResistanceIsLowerthanthatofnon-polarpolyolefins, butitstillhighervolumecathodeadbreakdownvoltage..ThePlarGroupSofPolyninylchlorideRectlyAttachedTothemainchain.Pod sklouzkou přesazení, theDipolarsegmengrestrictedBemainchainatomsOfThefrozenstructuctureandcannotbemoved, soitdoesnotproducedacelarizationand anbeusedatroomterature.Vysokofrekvenčních izolačních materiálů.Když jeusesAsWireinsulation, TheElectricInsulationOfSusPonsionresinis10-100timeshigherthatoffloatingresin.PresenceofchlorideionsProducedByDegradationWillReduceelectricInUlation.

ThedevelopmentStatusofpvc

PVCMaterialswithspecialRequirementsGenerallyNeedTobeimportedFromabroad.TEMOREFAMOUSFORIEGNCOMPANIESINSCLUDEUNIONCARBIDECORPORACEANDORACEALIS.WiththecontinuousR&Dandtechnologyaccumulationoflargescientificresearchinstitutesandproductionunits,theformulationdesignandmanufacturingofdomesticPVCmodifiedmaterialshavereachedtheinternationaladvancedlevel,whichhascompletelyreplacedforeignimportedmaterials,andmanyproductshavebeenexportedabroad.

Vývojové požadavky

1DevelopmentTrendOfpvcresinindustry

Čína'spvcresinconsonsonSonSonSentratedInSouthAndChinaintEthetworegions, theConSofOfGuangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian, ShandongandjiangsuaccountsforAbout70.0%ofthetotalconsonctionfthentry.Mezi tím, Guangdongandfujianprovinceshavethelgetgertmarketdemand, butiirProductionCapacityISisetientientienties.Importpvcresinteproportionitivněhigh;.0%ofthetoLaldomesticconsons spotřeby;.STHESTENGTHENINGOFDEVEVETHEFFORTSINTHentAndAndWesternRegionsAndtheConstructionOflarge-Scaleinfrastructure, The CONSONTIONSOFPVCresinintheCentAndlandAlandWesternregions.

2Demandforecast

ThePolyninylchlorideresinindustrySiSabasAndenergy-Intensivendustry, která je řečeno, že jeManDanDeNenergyPrices.BasicchemicalRawMaterialSereThereveryCoselyrelatedtoeconomicDevelopment.Judgingfromthesituationin2012,thedomesticPVCresinproductioncapacityisstilldeclining,whiledownstreamdemandgrowthisrelativelyslow,coupledwithblockedexportsandincreasedimports,theoveralloperatingrateofdomesticPVCresincompaniesisnothigh,andthenumberofidlecapacityisrelativelyhigh.ThemarketPriceHasalwaysRemaingedlowandMedium, a thePriceFluctuationRangehasBeenredued.Nepřijevo, thelistingofpvcresinfuturesHasInscreasedthencorntyofTHepricefluctionofthEpvcresinMarkToaCeateExtent.MyCountry'spvcresinindustryWillStillBeinarelativněDifficultperioDofintegration a therewillBemanyFactorsTotHatingaffectTheFuturedeedevelofMyCountry'spvcresin.

3exportissues

①CostBarriers

PvcisabasicchemicalrawmaterialwithsMallProductdifferentiation, andIsCompleTelypetitiveInchinaUnderthecurrentmarTetStructure, costistheMostimPortRaftantFactorFafFectingTheCompetivitiveFofenterPrises.DuetoindustryCharacteristics, RawMaterialSandenergyAccount prorelativněhighproportionOfProductCosts.TheCostofthepetroleumethylenemeTodiscAinlyAptedBythepriceoil; theProductionCostoftHecalciumcarbidadethodisaintAptedBecotToStofCalciumcarbid.Obecně řečeno, theCoSofcAlciumcarbideaccountsforabout70 %Tostofpvc, a aTostofelectricityAccountsforaBout60%ofTostofCalciumcarbide.WesternMyCountryHasabundantspowerResourcesAndrelativněLowElectricityPrices.Ve srovnání s východem sjednocení, které jsou upevněny, WesternCalciumcarbidEmanimanuFacturizuringEnterpriseshaveCeaveAdvantAgesIntermsOfCost.ANTENTERPRISESWITHRESOURCEEDOWMANDANDSPORTINGCALCALCARIDIDRIDODUCTION.

②industrialPolicyBarriers

Inordertopromotetheupgradingoftheindustrialstructureofthechlor-alkaliindustryandstandardizethedevelopmentoftheindustry,follow"Technicalprogress",theNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionformulatedandissuedthe"Chlor-Alkali(CausticSoda,PVC)IndustryAccessConditions",andithasbeenimplementedsinceDecember1,2007:Intermsofindustriallayout,newchlor-alkaliproductionisrequiredEnterprisesshouldbeclosetoresourcesandenergysources.Inprinciple,nonewcalciumcarbide-basedPVCprojectsandsupportingcausticsodaprojectswillbebuiltintheeasternregionexceptfortherelocatedenterprises;technologicalaspectsrequirethatnewandexpandedcalciumcarbide-basedPVCprojectsmustbeconstructedatthesametimeCalciumcarbideslagisacomprehensiveutilizationdeviceforcementandothercalciumcarbideslag;theaccessconditionsalsosetstandardsfornewprojectsintermsofenergyconsumptionindicatorsandenvironmentalprotection.THEADjustmentofialPolitieshsgreatlyraisedtHesholdofCapital, Technology, Talents, AndResourcesfortHechlor-alkaliindustry.

③ScaleBarriers

ThescaleofinvestmentRequiredtoproducepvcisrelativelativelarge, thefixedcostsarerelativně adscalebenefitsarerelativeobvious.Rozsáhlé centyareAredvantageousSpositionInNegotiationswithSuppliers, které jsou učebním obsahovánímrawmaterialcosts.Společnosti s tím, že jsouprodukcí a hlásili, že mají v úmyslu.OnnceapvcmanuFacrurereacheSalargescaleofProductionsales, themarginalcostwillgraduallydecreaseandtheabilityToreSistRiskswillBeenhanced.

④FinancialBarriers

Atthesametime, s násilným sekvisitě, které jedenerová propracování, theconstructionOfchlor-alkaliproductionEquipmentBeequippedwithCorreaspondinglarge-scaleenvironmentamentalPotectionsArBucequalCArBeceequalCArBeceequalCArBecequalCArBecequalCArborBarBecequalCArborBarBeceipment Atd..), thecapitalinvestmentisRelatiativelarge, a nejvyšší střední hodnota velikosti, které jezdce..

Proto výrobceVestingingintsindustrySthavestrongFinancialStrengthendhereAreereCererveiveFinancialBarriers.

ThedemandforpvcintheindiandomMarkmarkEtHasinderaseyearbyyear, frommorethan1.7 milliontonnsin2009tomorethan2.2Milliontonnsin2012;.25 milionů./rok.IndiafinolexIndustrieStrieStheLestgestProducerofpvcPipesinindia.Duetotheimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand, thisISalargegap, sotheaverageannualpvcimportvolumeiniareaches950 000Tons.AtTheSametime, India'sninylrawmaterialgapisalsoincreaseyearbyyear.V roce 2011, ITAS722 000TONS, IN2012ITWAS976 000TONS, AIn2013ITWILLREACH1.12 milionů.Podle tohostatistiky, z patriltoseptember2012, Indie'SpvcimportsweremainlyfromSoshkorea, Tchaj -wan, Německo, TheNitedStates, MexicoandotherCountriesAndregions.Mezi Fem, PVCIMPORTSFOMSHOSHOREAANDTAIWANBOTHEXEDED200 000.

Rajeshdeshpandesaidthindia'SpvcDownStreamProductSaremainlypvcPipeSandaccessories, AccountingFor43%theCountry'Stotalpvcdownstreamproducts.INTHEFIRSTSIXMONTHSOFTHE2012-2013FISCALYEAR, downstreamdemandincreasedBy20%, AndImportSincreasedBy50%.Podle vývoje, bymarch2013, thedomesticmarketdemandindiawillreach2.2 milliontons, athedevelopmentPeedofpvcPipesWilLalsOreachDoubleDibleDigits.

AsthedownstreamConsumermarketforpvcisexPandingyearbyyear, India'SpvcindustryHasagreateropporTunityfordevelvement.Podle podle GrowThoftHedownStreamConsumermarketforpvcProductsininInIADESTEMSFomManyASPLECTS.TheGovernment'sInvestmentininFrastructuctureConstructionHasinderaseyearbyyear.StatisticsShowthatHaring The "Twelfthfive Roční" Období, TheindianGovernment'ssinvestmentinInFructureConstructionWillReach890bilionusdollars; TherarinFructuctureCureconstruction a vývojfundwillincreaseto3.5 miliardusdollars; TheraruraldingingwateranDenDironmensaLanitationInvestmentBudgetWillReach2.5bilionusdollars; USD 53 milionů USDWillbeinVestententEntheConstructionFirrigationSystems; innthedelhi-mumbaiindustrialcorridor, 90 milionů USD, USDWillbeinVestenintEnthencrectionOncructionOnToncuctionOnToncuctionOnTonTonStructionOnTofluctionOnTofluctionOflarge-ScaleinFrastructure, of WhichtheJapaneseGovernments $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 $.5 miliard.

DesPiTheTheLargeGapbetweenSupplyanddemand, TheindianpvcindusCesCillengesDuetotheGreAterCompeteAdVantagesOfImportedProducts.RajeshdeshpandesaidfranklytHatthereareTerestillCivePloblemSinthedevelofthofThEpvcindustryinindia: formexample, usershavenotyetheedvantAgesOfplasticpipeSoverTraditionPonToNTonoTonizace;.Proto, pokud jendianpvcindustryWantStoachievestainablededevedevededment, itmustcontinuetodevelodewProductSandNewTechnologies, aattthesametimePayAttentionTothereCyclingand areuseofVcproducts.

Ačkoli Chinahastheworld'SlargestpvcProductionCapacity, duetothedeclineethyleneprice, theimportvolumeofethylen -pvcsetrecordin20099999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999009999900999990099900.Onheotherhand, Čína'spvcmarkhethasAlwaysBeenatalowstart.Ratestatus.INTHEFIRSTHALFOF2009, ChinaimportedAbout1.2MilliontonsOfPolyninylchlorid, který je1miliontonsmorethanthetotalimportvolumein2008.STHESIARINGPRICEFETHYLEN, THECOMPETITIVEADVANGEOFCHINA'SCALCARDIDPOCESSPVCPRODUCTHASEMERGED.IntheseCondhalfof2009, Čína'SPVCIMPORTSDeclinedsteadily.PodleTochinacustomsData, importsinNovemberwereonly60 646Tons.

INTHEFIRSTHALFOF2013, ATMPLECTEDBYMANYUNAFEAFAIBABLECTORSSUCHASOvercapacityinstry a WEAKTOWNSTREAMDEMAND, THEOVERALLPRAMENCEFTHENTOFTHEPOLYINYLCHLORID (PVC).THE PERFORMANCEFTHTHEPVCFORIGNTRADEMARKETISEYE však, andarberOfDatahaveObviousRecoveryAdmentsCompared swiththesameperiodinpreviourYearsEarsearsEarsearsEarsearsEarsearsEarsearsEarsearsEarsearsearsEarsearsEarsEars.Nicméně, průmyslovýciderowotTouththeIncreaseintheoperatingRateofpvcPlantstitedStates, myCountry'SpvcforeigntradeisexedtoshowarecoverowthinimportSandasteasteasteasteadydeclineinexports.

PodleTothestatisticsOfchinachlor-alkaliindustryssociation, asoftheendofjune2013, thedomesticproductionCapacityOfpvc (vagueresin) byl 233.92miliontonssperyear.Amongthem,inthefirsthalfof2013,thenewlyaddedproductioncapacityofPVCwas860,000tons/rok,with350,000tons/rokexited,andanetincreaseof510,000tons/rok,allwithdrawnproductioncapacitywascalciumcarbideproductionequipment.TheoverAllProductionCapacityExpanSofTheindustryShassLoweddownSignentificly, buttrendofsteadyincreaseInproductionCapacityContinues.

InterMofexports, myCountry'SCumulativeExportSofpvcfromjaaryTomayIncresedSignficalyByby152.4%OvertheSameperiodlastyear.Z thePerspectiveFofflow, ThelargeTexportConsumermarkeTisindia; thembemOfSourcesexportedtorussiahassloweddown, žebříčku.

Nepřijevo, sinnetheoutbreakofThefinancialcrisis, greatchangeshavetakenplaceintheglobalmarketandtradeenvironment -irondvironment.TradeProtectionalisminvariousCountrieshasrisen, andtradeFrictionSagainstchineSentprises'productShaveIncresedSignasenly.

PhysicalAndchemicalPropertiesOfpvc

Pak naturalcolorisyellowelhishtranslucentAndshiny.TransparencyIsbetThanpolyethyleneandpolypropylen, butworShanpolystyren.V závislosti na přípravku, které jsou ItCanbediDidedInderidIncoftandhardpolyninylchlorid.Softproductsareflexibleandtough, afeelsticky.ThehardnessOfhardProductSISHIGHERTHANTHOFLOWDENSITUSTEPOLYTYLEN.Ifitislowanpolypropylen však bělení.Stabilní; neeaseasilycorrodedbyacidandanalkali; relativně rezistentní.

Pvchasflameretardant (flameretartantvantValueabove40), vysoká chemická rezistence (rezistentní koncentrátor -chlorochlorikacid, 90%sulfurikacid, 60%Nitricacidand20%Sodiumhydroxid), theadvantAgeSonicmechanicalElektrikacid..

PolyvinylchlorideHaspoorStabilitaTolightAndheat.TheSofTeningPoitis80 ° C, aitstartstodecomposeat130 ° C.BeoutheatingThestabilizer, polyvinylchloridestartstodecomposeat100 ° C a dekomposesFasteraBove130 ° C.Když je vyhnutá, itdecomposesAndReleasSyDogenchloridegas (hydrogenchloridegasisatoxicgas) TochangeitsColorfromwhite → Lightyellow → Red → Brown → Black → Black.UltrafioletraysAnSanoxygeNetheSunWillCausethephoto-oxidation adecomposiofPolyninylchlorid, který bude reducitateflexibilityOfPolyninylchlorideandeventuálně becomebrittle.ThisTheroasonsHosomePvcplasticStUnnyelloweldAndBecomebrittleovertime.

Ithasstablephysicalandchemicalproperties,isinsolubleinwater,alcohol,gasoline,andhaslowgasandwatervaporleakage;itcanwithstandanyconcentrationofhydrochloricacid,lessthan90%sulfuricacid,50-60%atroomtemperatureThenitricacidandcausticsodasolutionbelow20%havecertainresistancetochemicalcorrosion;itisquitestabletosalts,butitcanbedissolvedinorganicsolventssuchasethers,ketones,chlorinatedaliphatichydrocarbonsandaromatichydrocarbons.

IndustrialPolyninylchlorideresinismisAinlyAmpHousStructure, bucalsoContainsSoMecrystallineregiony (asi5%), sopolynylchloridehasnoobviousmelting bod, aitStartStoSOftenatabout80 ° C, a atheheatdistotterteMrature (pod1.82MPaload) ITIS70-71 ° C, ITStartStoflowat150 ° Pressure, andslowlyReleasShyDrogchlorid, způsobujepvctochangeColor (odywellored, hnědý, orevenblack).

Váha-vegetarivemolekularmassofialpolylchlorideisinTorangeof4.8-48 000 a arespondingNumber-AvagerelativeMolecularMassis2-19.5 milionů.Theweight-AveragerelativeMolecularMassofEstrustrialresinsInsisBetween mezi 100 000 a 200 000, a averagerelativemolecularmassisbetween45 000 a64 000.Rigidpolyninylchlorid (bezplastichizer) má mechanickou pevninu, Weatherresistanceandflameresistance, a CanbeusedoneaSastructurelMaterialForthemanufAftactureofPipes, PlatesansinjectionMoldedProductsintheMicanicadusdustdustryDusdustUsdustUsdustryDusducturendussudusTestryDusducturendustryDustryDustryDusTustryDustryDusducteSusducteSusducteSusmicaticanicAndussudusTiemicEmichimeLicleDuSundusTienicleDesticanicEndusducti.RigidpolynylchloridecanbeuseuseuseasareinforcingMaterial.

Vlastnosti materiálu

Hustota: 1380kg/m³

Young’smodulusofelasticity(E):2900-3400MPa

Tensilestrength(σt):50-80MPa

Elongationatbreak ： 20-40%

GlastransitionTEmperature: 87 ℃

Bod tání: 212 ℃

Akventringteremperature: 85 ℃

(λ):0.16W/(M · K)

Coefficientofthermalexpansion(α):8×10^-5/K

Heatcapacity(c):0.9KJ/(kg · k)

WaterAbsorption (ASTM): 0.04-0.4

RefrakčníIndex: 1.52 ~ 1.55

TheBiggestFeatureofpvCisFlaretardant, soitiswidelyuseuseusedInfiReProtectionApplications.ButpolyninylchloridewillReleaseHyDrogenchlorideandotherToxicGasessuschAsDioxinsduringTheCombustionProcess.

THECOMBUTOFPVCISDiDidedIndotwosteps.Za prvé, TheHyDrogenchlorideGasandtEeNeconTubleBondSaredecomposedByBurningat240 ° C-340 ° C, ahencarboncombusitionOccursat400-470 ° C.

ItisoneoftheLertgestplasticProductsintheworld.Itischeapandwidelyused.Pvcresiniswhiteorlightyellowpowder.DiferencovánditivesCanBeaddedactordingTodifferentPurposes, apvcplasticscanpresentdifferentphysical amechanicalProperties.AddingapProPRIAMONMONTOFPLASTIZERTOTHOLYYLCLORIDERIRERERERESINCANBEMADEMADITOAVARIEFOOFHARD, SOFALDTRANSPARENTPRODUCTS.

THEDUSENTOFPUREPOLYINYLCHLORIDEIS1.4g/cm³,andthedensityofpolyvinylchlorideplasticpartsaddedwithplasticizersandfillersisgenerally1.15-2.00g/cm³.

Rigidpolyninylchloridehasgoodtensile, ohýbání, komprese a canbeuseuseuseuseuseuseuseuseuseuseusesastrukturalmaterialialonene.

Flexibilita, elongationalbreak, a coldresistanceofsoftpvcwillincrease, alebttittleness, tvrdost a antensilestrengthwilldecrease.

PolyvinylchloridehasgoodElectricInsulationProperties, CanbeuseuseuseuseuseuseusesAslow-FrequencyInsulationMaterials, a itschemicalsStabilitaSALSALSOGOOGOOD.DuetothepoorthermabilityOfPolyninylchlorid, dlouhodobý ohniskový výdrž, releaseHclgas, andmakepolynylchlorideDiscolor, soitsApplicationRangeisnarrow, auseteMeperatureIsgenerallybetwetwetwetwetwetween mezi-15 a555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555..

THECONVERSIONOFPVCHARDNESSVALUEPA (PA) AND -SHORE (SHORE) HARDNESSISSASFOLLY:

Formingconditions

Rigidpvc

BarrelteMperature: 160-190 ℃

MoltTEMperature: 40-60 ℃

DryingTemperature: 80 ℃ × 2h

Pressure:700-1500kg/cm²

Hustota: 1.4g/cm³

FordingShrinkge: 0.1-0.5%

Meatthickness: 2.0-50.mm

WaterAbsorption (24h): 0.1-0.4%

MeltingsOfteningPoint: 89 ℃

HeatDistortionTemperature: 70 ℃

Softpvc

MaterialTubeTemperature: 140-170 ℃

MoltTEMperature: 40-60 ℃

DryingTemperature: 80 ℃ × 2h

Injectionpressure:600-1500kg/cm²

Hustota: 1.4g/cm³

FordingShrinkge: 0.1-0.5%

Meatthickness: 2.0-50.mm

WaterAbsorption (24h): 0.1-0.4%

MellingsOfteningpoint: 85 ℃

HeatDistortionTemperature: 55 ℃

Zpracování materiálu

PolyvinylchlorideplasticshavedifferentForms, s rozpravováním, a VariousProcessingMethods, takovým tažným, vytlačováním, injekcí, povlakem a potahováním.TheparticlesIze, rybář, hromada, čistota, cizí přímnost, aporotiofpolynylchlorideresinhaveavenimpactonprocessability; forpasteresin, theviscositylandGelingPopertiesoftHepastesHouldBeconSidered.

PolyvinylchlorideisanamorfouspolymerWithlowshrinkage.The PowdershousedheatedretedretoreProcessingToremovemoisture, EnhancetheplastizingEfEftect a PreventBubbles.Kromě toho pvciseasytodecompose, zejména když je ukončena..TheMoldingTempeRaTuratureRangeissMall, a athematerialTempereMustBestrictlyControlled.YeusingasCrewinjectionMachineandastraight-throughnozzle, TheaperturesHouldbelargetreventDeadsDendsFagnating.TheOldPouringSystemsHouldBethick, TheGateSectionshowshelarge, thesoldsholdshecooled, theOldTEmPeraturis30-60 ℃, athematerialTEMperatuRis160-190 ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃.

Belowtheglasstransitiontemperature(Tg,80°C),polyvinylchlorideisglassy;atTg→viscousflowtemperature(Tf,about160°C),itisahighlyelasticrubberwithplasticity;atTf→Thethermaldecompositiontemperature(Td)isaviscousfluidstate,thehigherthetemperature,theeasiertheflow.WHenthetemPeratureExsstd, PVCDecompsAlGeamonmountOfHyDrogenchlorid (HC1) a AthematerialLoSesitsSchemicalStabilita asphysicalProperties.Proto tdiStheupperliMittemperatureForCessing aMolding.DuetothelargeforcebetweenthepolyethylenemoleculeSandtheHightf, evenclosetothedecompositionteremperature, itisnentedSadyToadDaplastizEroreduceTucethettffffffffffffffffFetfffffffffffffffEthEtHetEthetEthetTethetTffffffFetfffFetfEthEtHetEtHethetTetEtHetTetEtHethetTffffFetffffFetfFetffffEthEt.Otheotherhand, ITISALSONONESSYTOADDSTABILIZERTOINCREESETHETHETDOFPVCINORDOBEPROBEPROBESSEDADS.

GlassTransitionteMperature (TG) isonlyrelatedtothemolecularchainsegmentsstructure, ahaslittletodowiththemolekulární váha.TheViscousflowteMperature (TF) ISTHETEMPERATURATIONWHICHMACROMOLECULESSTArtToMOVE, ADISRELATEDTOTHEMOLECULALULWAUREWIGHT.Větší, zhighertf.Proto, ForsomeProcessingMolding (takové, které jsou uvedeny).PodleDothedifferentMolecularweight, domesticsPonsionpvcresinisDividedIndo1-7Grades, thelargertheserialNumber, thesmallerthemolecular-váha.XJ-4 (XS-4) TOXJ-7 (XS-7) ResinSareFennudeusedeMemanufAftaftafhardpipes, Hardboardy atd..JiníResinsWithLowerModelSlargermolecularweightsneedTobeaddedinlargeamountsduetohighertf.TheagentReducestf, soitisOftenacesInThemanuFactureofSoftProducts.PolyvinylchloridewithanaragedEreeofPolymerationBelow1000Iscalleddlow-polymerationDeepolyninylchlorid, který segnorovalteotheMigrastizingizingonizií, alessplastizezerscanbeddedDuringustizinsizií.PolyvinylchlorideproductswitlowdegreeofPolymerizationHavegoodtransparency anarewidelyuseusedIusedInSBildingMaterials, foodandPharmaceuticalPackagingMaterialSandToreplaceOrganicglassproducts.

PolyvinylchlorideMelTisanon-Newtonianpseudo-fluid.Highertheshearrate, ThesMallertheapparentViscosity athechangeIsquitesitive.RostethetemperaturewilNotreduceTheViscositymUch.Dokonce iftheplasticIsBelowThedeCompositionTemperature, itwillcauseheamandoxidativeDegradationDueTotheMighteReratureforolangtime, který bude performance Performance.Proto, toimprovethefluidityOfpvcmelt, themainConsiderationsHouldbetoincreashetheSearrate (zvyšuje seepresu).Infact, rolingheexternalforcewillHelpThemovementofThemacromolecules, sothatthetfwillbered, athemacromoleculescanflowatalowerteraturaturaturedature.

Mainasus

1.PVCProfile

Profile aprofilerethelgestorgetconSonSofpvcinmyCountry.ItAccountsforAbout25%ofTheTotalConSofpvc.ItismainlyusedStomakedoorsandwindowsansenEnergy-úsporné materiály.Jeho ApplicationVolumeIsstillincreasingIssitificlylycrossstheCountry.IndeveloredCountries, thesArketshareofplasticdoorsandWindowsassaloshehigherest, Forexample, Germanyis50%, franceis56%a theUnitedStatesis45%.

2.Polyvinylchloridepipy

MeziManopolyninylylchlorideproducts, polyvinylchloridepipesaretheSecondLeadconSonSonsearea, účetnictvím20%z konzumace.InmyCountry, polyvinylchloridepipesaredereveredEarlierthanPepipeSandppipes, s vícevarie, vynikající výkon, awiderangeofapplication, andoccuanimportantpositionSthemarket.

3.Polyvinylchloridefilm

THECONSPONCEOFPVCINTHEFIELDOFPVCFILMRANKTHIRD, ACCONTINGFORABOUT10%.AfterpvcismixedwithadditivesAndPlasticed, athree-rollorfour-rollcalentenderisestomakeaterransparentorcoloredfilmwithaspecifiedThickness.ThefilmisprocessinThisTiStobeComeaCalenderedFilm.ItCanalsObecutandheat-SealedtoprocesspackagingBags, Raincoats, ubrusy, záclony, inflatabletoys atd..TheWideTransparentFilmcanbeusedForGreenhouses, plasticgreenhouseSandMulchfilms.TheBiaxiallystretchedFilmHastheChecharacteristicsOfHeatshrinkageandCanbeusedForshrinkpackaging.

4.Pvchardmaterialsandplates

Stabilizátory, maziva afillersAredDedTopvc.Afficeming, itcanbeextrudedwithanextruder.Hardpipes, speciální ve tvaru ShapedpipeSand-CorrugutedpipesofVariousCalibersseusedessewerpipes, pití, warecasingsorSortairCailhaildrails..TheCalenderedsheetsAreoverlapped atpressedTomakeHardplatesOfvariousThicknesses.TheplateCanbecutinTotherequiredshape athenweldedwithhotairwithpvcWeldingrodToformvariousChemicalResistantstorageTanks, AirductSandContainers.

5.GeneralSoftpvcProducts

Používá se nanextruderu, itcanbeextrudeDintohoses, kabely, dráty atd..; PoužíváníNaninjectionMoldingMachinetoMatchvariousMoldscanbemadeIntoplasticsAndals, boty, pantofle, hračky, autoparty atd..

6.PolyvinylchloridepackagingMaterials

PVCProductSaremainlyusedForPackagingvariousContainers, filmové adrigidsheets.PVCContainersMainlyProduceBottlesofMineralwater, nápoje a kosmetiky, aswellackagingforrefinoinoil.Pvcfilmcanbeusedtoco-extrudewithotherpolymerstoproducelow-costlaminatesAndtransParrentProductswithgoodBarrierProperties.PolyvinylchloridefilmcAlsobeusedForstretchOrheatshrinkpackagingForPackagingtress, hadřík, hračkyndustrialgoods.

7.PolyvinylchloridewallpanelsAndfloors

PVCWallPanelsAinlyusedStoreplacealuminumwallpanels.Kromě formorartofpvcresinu, TheortcomponentsOfpvcfloorloortilesRereCycledMaterials, lepidla, plniv.TheareMainlyuseuseusedhegrogondowortterminalBuildingsAndotherhardground.

8.PolyvinylchlorideDeailyConsumerGoods

Zavazadlové bagsaretraditionProductsMadeofPolyninylchlorid, apolyninylchlorideisusedSomakeallkindsofimitationleather, použité inlugální pokyny, sportovní produkty, takové, takové, takové, takové, takové, takové, takové, takové, takové, takové, takové, takové, takové, takový, takový, takový..ItCanasObeusedTomakeBeltsForuniformSandSpecialProtectivequipment.Polyvinylchloridefabrics forclothingaregerallyabsorbentfabrics (notedtobecoated), Susosponchos, babypants, imitationleatherjacketsAcketsvariousRainboots.PolyvinylchlorideisusedInManysportSandententAnceProducts, takové, záznamy asportsgoods.PolyvinylchloridetoySandSportsgoodshaveAlargegrowtrate.OnihaveanadvanceDuetotheirlowProductionCostandeasyMolding.

9.PVCCOATEDPRODUCTS

TheAitificialleatherwithabackingismadebyCoatingpvcPasteonclothorPaper, ahenplastizingItataTemperatureAbove100 ℃.„.ArtificialleatherwithoutousUbstrateisDirectlyCalenderedByaCalenderIntoAsoftsheetoFacecancethickness, a anthePatternncanbepresed.ArtificialLeatherCanbeusedtomakeSitscases, peněženky, knihovny, pohovoryandcarcushions atd.., Aswellasfloorleather, použité.

10.PVCFOAMPRODUCTS

Whinsoftpvcismixed, AddanapProPRiaNontOffoamingagentTomakeashethet, který je uchopený, CanbeuseusesAsfoamslippers, sandály, vložky, ashock-proofhioningpackagingaterials.TheExtrudeRanaLobeusedToformlow-FOAMEDHARDPVCBOARDSADSPROFILES, který je možné.

11.PVCtransparentsheet

TheimpactModifieRandorganotinstabilizeRedTothepvctobeComeTransParentafterMixing, plastinganingandcalentenringSheet.Thermoformmingcanbemadeintothin-walledtransparentContainerSoresedForvacuumBlisterPackaging.ItisanexCellentPackagingMaterialanddecorativematerial.

12.Ostatní

DoorsandWindowsAreasSombledshardsSpecial-ShapedMaterials.InsomeCountries, ithasoccupiedhedoorandwindowmarkethethetherswithwoodendoors, okna, hliníky, atd..; likemateriály na dřevo, ocelovou budovskou materiály (severní, moře); HollowContainers.

VirtualCircuitisoneofTheservicesProvidedBypacketSwitchingNetwork (TheoterisDatagramService).Jednoduše, itistoestablishaVirTuallicalConnectionbetweenseserhostStHroughTolMechanisminsideTheNetwork, atoensuretheCorectness a následné posednění, svzetí, theSestableTofTHevirtualCuitBeeReaDafterthecommunication.ApermanentvirtualCircuitisAvirtualCircuitTatiseStabledHentHenetworkinitialized, athevirtualCircuiTiSalways -under.Obax.25NetWorkAndb-IsdnProvidepvcServices.PVCplasticBagSaregenerallyprohibová.

ResearchonnewMaterials

Currently,thetotalannualdemandformodifiedplasticsinmycountryisabout5 milionůtons,accountingforabout10%oftotalplasticconsumption,anditsproportionisfarlowerthanthatoftheworld.TheAveragelevel.Ve srovnání s rozvojeminTriesInTheworld, MyCountry'SpercapitaPlasticConsConSuntionStIllhasabiggap.INorderTorealizeTheRapidandStabledevelofMyCountry'sModifiedPlasticsIndustry, InnovativeTechnologyIsTheKeytofutureDedeveration.

ChemicalIndustryTanalystsBelievethattHecurrentOverAlldevelopmentLevelofMyCountry'sModifiedPlasticsIndustryIsNotveryHigh.TheProductionScaleofenterprisesinheindusTrysIsgenerallysMall, TheProductmarketProducesManyPrimaryProducts, AthequalityOfIntermeDediaProductsisNotStableEtoughoughalougheloughylougheloughylougheloughygOghalEghyloughyloughalougheNoughalougheNoughyloughallougheloughelougheNlougheoughelougheNlougheNlougheNlougheNlougheNlougheNlougheNlougheNlougheNlougheNlougheNlougheNlougho., TheLackofhigh-endproductSIsfarFrommeetingTheneedSofMyCountry'ScUrrentsOcialAndeconomicDevelopment.AsanimportantcomponentinthefieldOfNewChemicalMaterials, ModifiedPlasticShavebeenListedasoneofheKeyscientificientificificificTechnologicalFieldsformevevelmentBytheCountry.THESUCCESSISISINTRODUCTIONFVAISEPOLICIESINYCountryWillFurtherpromotethedevelofTemodifiedPlasticsIndustry.TheAutomobileandHomeApplianceindustriesArehotspotsforthedevelofModifiedPlastics, abothaccountformorethan50%%.

TheApplicationOfplasticsInTheautomotiveIndustryHasahistoryofMorethan50years.S vývojem sOutomobilesiteRectionOfLightWeightanderengySaving, vyššíRequirementsAreputForwardformaterials.Protože 1kgofplasticCanreplace2-3kgofsteelandotherheavierMaterials, anevery10%reductionInTheWeightofThecar, palivové spotřeby..Proto se zvyšujeteamontofModifiedPlasticsUdeninautomobileScanreduceTethecoStand-váha achiveenergy-savingeffects.THEAMONTONTOFFERENTPLASTICSUSEDSINSENSENSENCECARSANDSOMANDCOMIALVEHICLSIALSISODIFFERENT.Thedemandformodifiedpp, pcAlloyandModifiedAbsWasapproxightsitum114.63,15.13and149 700TonsRespectivelylastyear.TheModifiedPlasticsMarketforhouseholdappliancesInMyCountryIsMainlyoCusiedByforeignCompanies, andMomesticModifiedPlasticsCompaniesAccountforlestanone-thirdofThemarketshare.SinCetheproductSofMompaniesOmpaniesAremostlyLimedtolow-Techandlow-Standardlevels, TheAabilitytodeveloveLidfieldswithhigh-PerformanceRequirementSobViousIousficent.

Podle „2009-2012ChInamodifiedPlasticDustrySarkTalysansinInInVestmentAluereSearchReport“, WithThesubstantialImprovementOfPeople'SLiving Standandars a.TheModifiedPlasticsIndustry, asasub-industrywiththeFastestgrowThandGreatPentialLeplasticsProcessingindustry, isExledToMaintaNaNaGrateofMorethan10%inMyCountry'StotalmarketdemandinthextExtExtFiveyearyearyearsEarsearyearsEarsearsEarsEarsEarsearsEaryearsEarsEar.

1.Pvcisusedtoreplacesteelmaterialwithplastic

ProceresearchOnpvcModificationTechnology, TheuseOfforeignAdVancenternalPlasticationTechnologyAdditiveForMureSuresthemechanicalPerformanceofpvcplasticSteel., Elektrická performance, vylepšená flameretardantAntperformance, sothattheproductthastheadvansOfHighstrength, koroze, plamenetanční, goodinsulationPerformance, lehká a konstrukce a konstrukce konstrukce.ItCancompletelyreplaceSteelPipesinelectricalwiringSystems.

2.PVCISREDACEDBYWOODWITHPLASTIC

Pvcwood-plastickompositeisthemainRawmaterialOfwastewoodfiberandplastic, doplněné aapPropRoPropReCessingaids, ansIsPreparedByTressing.Připraveno, conteroanewtypeofcompositeMaterial.Jeho productsEflecttheconceptofRecyclingofreNewableReSourcesAndPetroleumProducts, areofgreatSignIficanceToAlleviatingTHerrentShortageOfwooDandEumreSourcesAndSiousiounVironmentalpollation.

HomeBuildingMaterialsProductSusingpvcasthemainRawmaterialhavebecometheSondPillarofMyCountry'SplasticsIndustry, witrageangrowtrawtrateofmorethan15%%%.Inthenext10years,thecountryisexpectedtoincreasethebuildingareaof​​30billionsquaremeters.IftheSeseSuildingsAchieve50%EnergyavingontheeexistingBasis, themarketDemandFoRenergy-underBuildingMaterialscanRachanRachtrillionsOfyuan, který jendindooroorenergy adecorationMaterial.TohoiSahugeroomfordEvelopment.Forelongtime, TheBuildingMaterialsIndustryHasalwaysAppearedintheimageofHighEnergyConshingShighPollice.INorderTomeetTherementshofthelow-Carbonconomy, AfteryearsOfresearchandDevelopment, domácnost BuildingMaterialsCompanieshavededaBatchofpvchigh-simulationBuildingMaterialsTatusePustinsteadofwood, který mávebecomeaperfOMPOCTONFOW-CANRANSPRACTICALSICKÁ.

IndustryExpertsotOutTheuseofplastinSteadofwoodforpvcBuildingMaterialsNotonlySavescosts, butisalssoreCyclable, inlinewiththereneraltrendofenvironmentalsaliability acirculareconomy.

14.Syntetické materiály

Polyvinylchlorid, orpvcforshort, iathermoplasticresin.PolyvinylchloridefuturesArealsofuturesvarietiesWithpolynylchlorideasThesubjectMatter.

Plastics:polyethylene;polyvinylchloride;polystyrene;polyvinylalcohol;polypropylene;polyacrylicacid;polybutene;polyisobutylene;polysulfone;polyoxymethylene;polyamide;polycarbonate;Polylacticacid;polytetrafluoroethylene;polyethyleneterephthalate;epoxyresin;phenolicresin;polyurethane

SynteticRubber: Butadienerebber; StyrenebutadieneRubber; nitrilerubber; neopren;

Syntetická figura: polypropylen; polyester; nylon; akryl; spandex; vinylon; nylon; dacron; keflon

Metoda identifikace

PVCCONVENTIONTIONTIVACEMetificationMethodsaregerallySummarizedIntotheFollingThreetecategories, jmenovitě:

(1) Spalovací methodifikace:

Softeningormeltingtemperaturerange:75~90 °C;

SHONKCIONCIONSSTATUS: Self-extingusingAfterbeingignited;

SHONKTIONCIONFLAMESTATUS: UpperyellowandGreenwithsmoke;.

ThistodisTeeASeeSand -nejvýznamnější, adisgenerallythefirstchoice.

(2) SOLVENTTREACTENTIDENTIFIKACE:

Rozpouštědlo: tetrahydrofuran, cyklohexanon, keton, dimethylformamid;

Nepokojení: methanol, aceton, heptan.

ByaddingThesusedpvcplasticTotheabovesolvent, pozorovatelná konsoluce splastictodeterMineTISISPVC.Afterthesolventiheated, theDissolvingefEftectwillbemoreobvious.

(3) SPECTIONTYGRAVITYMETHOD:

TheSecificGravitityOfpvcis1.35 ~ 1.45, obecně Aaround1.38.TheDifferenceInSpecificGravitithErtheMethodofdetermingSspecificGravityCanbeusedTodistingpvcFromotherPlastics.ButbecausePVCcanaddplasticizers,modifiersandfillerstomakethePVCbecomeverydifferentinspecificgravity,thedifferenceinsoftnessandhardnessisverylarge,andatthesametime,duetotheadditionofsomeingredients,manypropertiesofPVCplasticwillchange,resultinginOurcommonlyusedidentificationmethodsarenoteffective,andeventhephenomenonhaschanged,makingitimpossibletomakeaccuratejudgments.Forexample, IntermsOfDensity, Fliceidedpolyninylchlorid (obsahující přibližně 40%změkčovadla) IS1.19 ~ 1.35; whilepvchardProductshaveIncreasedto1.38 ~ 1.50.IfitisAHighlyfiledpvcProduct, theDusitySometimeSexs2.

Nepřiměření, itcanalsObedeterMinedBeasuring -stherthematerialContainschlorine, butbecauseninylchloridekopolymery, neoprenerubber, polyvinylidenchlorid, chlorovanýpolynylchlorid atd. Atd. Atd..AllContainahigherproportionOfchlorine, bucloothroughthepyridinecolorreactiontoidentify.NothatbeForetheTest, theSamplemustBeextractedwithethertoremovetheplasticer.TestMethod: rozpamatompletaken fromTHETHWETHBENZENINTETRAHYDROFURAN, FILTOUTTHEINSOLOLCOMPONENTY, ADDMETHANOLTOMAKEITPRECIPITATIV.Donotneed1mlofPyridineToreActwitHasmalmalMountofdriedSample.AfterAfewminutes, Add2Dropsofmethanolutionolution5%sodík (1Gsodiumhydroxideisdissolvedin20Mlmethanol), andobserEthecolorimmedively, 5minandobsergainafter1H1H.Různé chlor-obsahující PlasticsCanbeidentifiedBasedTheColor.

IndailyLife, pvcandpeplasticfilm (taška) potřebná.SimplemeThod:

(1) TouchMethod

Itfeelslubricioustothetouch, athesurfacelookslikealayerofwax (chemicky calledwaxfeel).ThisISanon-Toxicpolyethylenfilmbag, WhilethethepvcfilmfeelSlittlesticky.

(2) ShakingMethod

Když se staví, theSoundisbrittle a thethatfloatseaSiSapolyethylenfilmbag.A athelowsoundofshoingswithhandsisapolynylchloridefilmbag.

(3) Spalovací method

IncAseOffire, ItIsflammable, theflameiSylow a thereisparaffin-likeoildripping, athereisgasfromcandleburning.Itisanon-Toxicpolymer.Vinylfilmbag.Ifitisnoteasytoburn, itwillbeextinguisedveavingThefire, theflamewillbegreen, aitwillbeapolynynylchloridefilmbagbag.

(4) ImmersionMethod

IMERSETHEPLASTICAGINWATER, PressItinTothewaterwithYourhand, TheoNethatcanrisetothesurfaceIscolyethylen a TheoNethatshatInTothewaterispolyninylchlorid (polyvinylchlorid).THEDUSENTOFETHYLENIISTOSTHANTHATOFTER, ATHEDENTYOFPOLYINYLCHLORIDEISGEATERTHATERTHATOFWATER; ATOOMTEMPERATURA, Theareatout0.92g/cm³and1.4g/cm³).

YouCanalSotakeapeeceofCopperwireandburnitinthefiretomakeitred.Poté, coctactthecopperwirewiththeestplasticfilmtocauseachemicalchange, ahenputTheCopperWiredPlasticComponentbagaintheflames.V tuto chvíli musíte pečlivě pozorovat.Pokud je toézacolorful, oslnivý, itmeansthisplasticMaterialContainschlorineandbelongstothepolynylchloridematerial.

Mainhazards

PolyvinylchlorideisalsoakindofplasticTofentesed.ItisaResincompomsoseofpolyninylchlorideresin, plastizerAlandontantioxidant, anditisnottoxic.ThatiainauxiliaryMaterialssuchasplasticeSansantioxidantsAretoxic však.TheplastizersInSindaiLypvcplasticsMainlyuseuseuseuseliutylterateftalateandDioctylphtalát.ThesechemicalAllaretoxic, andleadstearate, anantioxidantforpvc, isalotoxic.Produkty obsahující olovo a agginentOfpolyninylchlorid (PVC).Olovo-solt-obsahujícíPvcisesForfoodPackagingAnganCountersWithfriedDoughsticks, Friedcakes, Friedfish, CookedMeatProducts, CakesAndsnacks, které budou mít zejména FOREFODCONTIONISINITION, zejména.Nepřiměřenost, polyvinylchlorideplasticProductswillsLowlydeComposeHyDrogenchloridegasatahightertemperature, takové, které se vyskytují.Proto polyvinylchlorideproductsarenotsuitableforfoodPackaging.

Becausemostdisposablemedicaldeviceproductsusemedicalgradepolyvinylchloride(PVC)orpolycarbonate(PC),andthethermaldecompositionproductsinthePVCprocessingprocessarecorrosivetosteel,PCThehardnessishighandtheviscosityishigh.Proto, thematerialialofTheplasticedPartMustBecorrosion-rezistentní, opotřebení rezistentandhavehighpolishingPerformance.MASTMedicicalInjectionMoldingMachineSuseHardchromiumplatingOnTheBarrelsCreworeSestainsSteelasthematerialTomakethemachinescrewtomeetTeaboveSpecialRequirements.Inaddition,inordertopreventthermaldecompositionandgasgenerationduringPVCprocessing,itisrequiredtoaluminizethesurfaceofthemovabletemplate,andalsotoaluminizetheoutersheetmetalorusestainlesssteeltomakethesheetmetal,andthesheetmetaljointsaresealedwithnon-toxicsilicagel.INorderToPreventThegasgeneratedduringtheplasticProcessingFomesCapingoutside (TheGasgeneratedduringtheplasticProcessingCanbecolledThroughSPecialequipmentandThenSefiedBeingDisChargeTotheatMosféra).

PvcisthemainSourceofDioxins.Dioxin(TCDD),thedeadliestsubstanceinthedioxinsfamily,isawell-knowncarcinogenandhormonedecomposer,andatoxiccompound,whichisveryharmfultohumansandanimals.Dioxinsareproduced, když jeprodukované, recyklované adestroyedinincinerátory, nebowhenpvcproductsareaccidenlylylylylyly, takové.