Úvod
ThemiLimeterWaveradarworkSintheMillimeterWaveband.Obvykle millimeterWaverefStothe30-300GHZFREQUENCYBAND (vlnové délky1-10 mm).TheWAVELDGELDOFMILLIMETERWAVEISBETWEENTENTIMETERWAVEANDDLIGHTWAVE, SOMILLIMETERWAVEHASTHEADVANTAGESOFMICROWAVEGUIDANCEANDPHOTOELECTICGUIDANCE.Ve srovnání sVetimeterWaveGuideSeeker, theIllimeterWaveGuidesEekerHasthecharacteristicsOfSmallsize, Lightweight aighspatialResolution.Ve srovnání s ní, laser, tvandotheropticalseekers, theIllimeterWaveGuidesEekerhasastrongabilitytopeNetrateFog, kouř a cíl, andhasthecharacteristicsOfall-počasí (exceptheavyrain).Nepřipravování, theanti-interferenceandanti-stealthcapabilityFtHemillimeterWaveideSeeseerareArealsosuperiortootermicrowaveseekers.
Výhody
HEATTENACEOFLIGHTWAVEPROPAGATIONITHEATMosphereisserious, a AprocesisingPrecisionOfThedeviceIsIsRequiredtobehigh.Ve srovnání s metrů, milimeterWaveSuseatmosphericwindows (když millimeterwavesandSubmillimeterwavespropagateentheatmosféra, někteří offtheattennuationDuetotheresonannceaborptionOnmorptionOfgasmoleCulesisAminimumValue)))).AtheheatradiationSourcehaslittleinInfluence.ForthisReson, oni jsou oni sjednocujícímsignificancencommunicanications, radar, pokyny, dálkové památky, radioastronomie aspectroskopie.Použití kMillimeterWavefRequencyofTheatMosphericWindowCanRealizelarge-kapacitysatelite-groundcommunikaceOrgroundRelaycommunication.TharrowBeamandLowsideLobeperformanceofTheMillimeterwaveantennacanbeusedTorealizelow-ElevationPrecisionTaradarandimagingradar.Když kdyral-rangemissileorspacecraftreturnstotheatMosphere, itisnentAsSaryTouseMillimeterwavesthatcansmoothlypeNeTreTeTeTePlasmatoachIevecommunication aGuidance.Vyjednává millimeterWaveradioMissuitableForremotesensingofmeteorologicalParameters.Použití millimetru-waveandsb-millimetru-wavadiotescopestodecttheradiationspectrumsspacecaninferthecompositionOnsitionOnCinterSinterstellarMatter.TheMainadvantAgesAreasFowlows:
(1)Smallantennaaperture,narrowbeam:hightrackingandguidanceaccuracy;easytotrackatlowelevationangles,resistinggroundmultipathandclutterinterference;Highlateralresolution;highangularresolutionforregionalimagingandtargetmonitoring;highanti-jammingperformancewithnarrowbeam;highantennagain;easytodetectsmalltargets,includingpowerlines,electricpoles,andprojectiles.
(2)Largebandwidth:withhighinformationrate,itiseasytousenarrowpulseorbroadbandFMsignaltoobtainthedetailedstructurecharacteristicsofthetarget;withwidespectrumspreadingability,reducemultipath,clutterandenhanceanti-interferenceAbility;Adjacentfrequencyradarormillimeterwaverecognizerwork,easytoovercomemutualinterference;highrangeresolution,easytoobtainaccuratetargettrackingandrecognitioncapabilities.
(3) HighDopplerfRequency: GoodDetection arecognitionCabibilityForSlowTargetSandVibratingTargets; easytousetargetDopplerfrequencyCracTisticsFortAlTeatureidentification;.
(4) Goodanti-StealthPerformance: theCurrentAbsorbingMaterialscoatedStracracraftAreaImeDencentimeterwaves.Podle výslechu, TheStaltharGetIlluminatedbytheMillimeterWaveradarCanformStromagneticsCatteringInManaParts, které GreatlyreducutesEsthesthealthealthealtheltHerformance..Proto themillimeterwaveradaralsohasthepontientivofanti-Stealth.
Nevýhody
Themainlimitationsoftheapplicationofmillimeterwavesinradarare:theattenuationofhighhumidityenvironmentssuchasrain,fog,andwetsnow,aswellasthereducedimpactofhigh-powerdevicesandinsertionlossThedetectiondistanceofmillimeterwaveradar;thepenetrationabilityoftreesispoor,comparedwithmicrowave,thepenetrationofdensetreesislower;thecostofcomponentsishigh,theprocessingaccuracyisrelativelyhigh,andthedevelopmentofmonolithictransceiverintegratedcircuitsisrelativelyslow.
DevelopmentProfile
TheEdevelopmentOfMillimeterWaveradarStartedinthe1940s.V 50. letech 20. století, milimetrové wavadars (pracovní vlnový délkaFoFofOut8mm) forairportrafficcontrolandmarinenavigacepared, vykazující theadvantagesfhighresolution, highAccuracy asmallantennaaperture.Nicméně, duetotechnicaldifficulties, theEdevelopmentOfmillimeterwaveradarwASoncerticed.TheSetechnicalDifficultiesAinlyly: AstheoperatingFrequencyInsaress, theoutputPowerAnficienticienticienToftHepowerSourceDecrease, andthereceivermixerandtransmissionLinelossincreasessincreases.SinCethemid-1970s, MillimeterWaveTechnologyHasmadeGreatProgress, andSomeBetterPerSourSeshavebeensusccessesDevered: solid-thermonicdevonsOnTonsOnConTonSonTons, theMiontOnTonTons, theMiontOnTonTons, themionicDeVeCubetOns, thermioNConTonSonTonSonTonSonTonSonTonSonTonSonTonSonTonsOnConCubeTons, thermionConTonSonTonsOnTonSonTonsOnTonSonTonSonConSonTonsOnConCubeTons..Pulseworkingolid-StatePowerSources nejvíce nanesení, a theIrpeakpowerCanRach5to15watts (95 GHz).TheMagNetronncanbeuseuseusesasaHigh-PowerPulse PowerSource, ThePeakpowerCanRach1to6 Kilowatts (95 GHz) OR1 Kilowatt (140 GHz), atheefficientiseSout10%.ThegyrotrotrotronisanewTypeofMicrowaveandmillimeterWaveoscillatoratoraMplifierthatcanProvidemegawatt-LEVELPEAKPOWERTHEMILMILMILMILIMILIMILIMILIMILIMILIMILIMILIMILTER.IntermsOflow-noisemixers, SchottkyDodes (Seecrystaldiodes, SchottkyJunctions) MixersHavebeeNapliedInTheMillimeterWaveband.InTherangeof100GHz, paketetemperatureoflow-noisemixerscanbeaslowas500k (neochlazený) OR100K (chlazený).Kromě toho technologie s vysokým ziskem, integrovaným obvodům a fin-linewaveguideshavealsodeodered.SinCetheLate1970, milimetrovi-waveradarhasbeenudeusedInmanyportantcivilandMilitarySystems, takové rozlišení, resolutionDefenseSystems, rakety, a atargetMurementsystemsystems..
Platné požadavky
Podle podle tothecharacteristicsOfmillimeterWaveradar, itcaneasilymeettheFollowingaplikaceRequirements:
(1) Vysoce přesné-dimenzidenciAlSearchMeasurement: HighPrecisionMeasurementAdSpositionSofDistance, azimut, frekvence aspatialPosition;
(2) TheradarinstalationPlatformhasstrictRequirementForvolume, váha, vibrace aterotherenvironments: theIllimeterwarantAnttennaissMallinsize, světelná váha a air-bornspatentsplatformssuchportportportas, air-bornspacenspacenspacenspacenspacenspacenspacenspacenspacenspacenspacenspace a bornspandspacenspacenspacenspacenspacenspacenspace, air-boornspacenspacenspacenspacenspacenspace,;
(3) TargetFeatureExtraction aclassificationRecognition: milimetrový waveradarhighResolution, wideworkingfrequencyband, marebaeduedueduedopplerfrequencyResponse, krátká vlnová délka, easytoObtainTargetDetailedFeaturessand aclearContourimaging, atd.., vhodné zaznamenané, courtiomentsfortArgetClassificationSognition;
(4) SmalltargetlandCloSerangeDection: ThesizeoftheopTopTicalZoneconecorDotheshortWavelgedLofTheMillimeterWaveissMall, atismissismoreSuitableForsMallTargetDectionThanthemicrowaveradar.Kromě formong-rangemillimeter-waveradarssuchassspecialspacetargetservations, obecně millimeter-waveradarSareSuible forshort-rangedectionbelow30km;
(5) StrongResistanceToelectronicWarfareInterference: WidebandSailableFormillimeter-WaveWindows, EasyToCarryoutBroadBandsPreadspectrumandFrequencyHoppingDesignSign.Atthesametime, ThereconnaissanceandjammingEquipmentformillimeter-waveradarsfacesInterferenceProblesssuchasBroadband, atmosférické atvorství, anrrowbeams.Milimetrová-waveradarshavebetteranti-interferencecapabiliitiesthanmicrowaveradars.
aplikace
①MissileGuidance: OneoftHemainuseSofmillimeterWaveradaristeterminalGuidanceofTacticalMissisles.TheIllimeterWaveGuideserHechthecharacteristicsOfSmallsize, lowvoltageandfullSolidstate, který CanmeetTequirementsFthebomb-BornEnvironmenment.WHentheoperatingFrequencyIsSelectectat35GHZOR94GHz, TheantennaaperTureisgerally10-20cm.Nepřijevo, milimetrová waveradarsarealSoseDeamGuidancesystemStoControlshort-rangemissiles.②TargetSurveIllanceAndinterception: MillimeterWaveradaRissuibleForshort-Range, s vysokým rozlišením, courvellanceanTargetInterception, andisusedtomonitorlow-altitudefingalytargets, GroundtargetSandouterspacetargets.③GunfireControlandTracking: MillimeterWaveradarcanbeusedForgunfireControlandTrackingoflow-Altitudetargets.IthasbeendereveredIntoa94GHZmonopulErackingradar.④RadarMareasurement: s vysokým rozlišením a předstižením-přepracováním-waveradarcanbeusedtomeasurethetargetandclutterchacteristics.ThisindofradargenerallyHasmultIpleoperatingFrequencies, multiplereceivingandtransmitingpolarizationforms, andvariablesignalwaveforms.Theradarcross-sectionalareaofthetargetismeasuredusingthefrequencyratiomethod.Usingmillimeter-waveradartomeasurethescaled-downtargetmodel,thecross-sectionalareaoftheradartargetatalowerfrequencycanbeobtained.Kromě toho, milimetrová waveradarsarealSosedInterraintracking, rakety a mořská navigace.