Základní informace
ExciteelectronsormoleculestogenerateConntratedAdphase-IdenticallightBeamsduringTheConversionIntoenergy.LasercomesFromTheFirstletterofLightmplificationBystimuladeMissionRadiation.složení.
ItisComposedofanopticalsCillatorAdamediumplacedbetweenthemirrorsatbothendshofTheCavitityofTheoFtheofThesOfThesOfThesCtheltor.Whenthemediumisexcitedtoahigh-energystate,itstartstogeneratelightwavesofthesamephaseandreflectbackandforthbetweenthemirrorsatbothends,formingaphotoelectricstringjunctioneffect,amplifyingthelightwaves,andobtainingsufficientenergytostartemittinglaserlight.Lasercanalsobeinterpretedasadevicethatconvertsprimitiveenergysuchaselectricenergy,chemicalenergy,heat,lightornuclearenergyintocertainspecificlightfrequencies(electromagneticradiationbeamsofultravioletlight,visiblelightorinfraredlight.) TheConversionformisinSomeisitisEasyTocarryOutInsinSolid, likvidorgaseousmedia.WHenthemeMediaaeRexCiteDetheformoFoMomSormolecules, oniproducecelightbeamswithAlthethepHamephasephasandNearlyAsInglewavelth - Laser.Protože od té doby, co jemepHaseandsninglewavelth, theDiferenceangleIsverysMall, a thedistancethatcanbetransMitedIsquitelongbeforeBeingHighlyConcentratedtoprovideFunctionsSwelding, řezání, aheattreatment, aheattreatment.
Thefirstlaserbeamintheworldwasproducedbyusingaflashbulbtoexciterubycrystalgrainsin1960.Duetothethermapacityofthecrystal, itcanonlyproduceaveryshortpulsebeamwithaverylowfrequency.Přestože jenstantAnenePulsepeakenergycanbeashighas10^6watts, itisstilLalowenergyOutputput.TheuseOfneodymium (ND) atheexcitationElementofyttriumAluminumgarNetCrystalrods (ND: YAG).YAG laser s vlnovou délkou 1.06um, CanbeconlectedtothelaserProcessingheadthroughAflexibleopticalfiber, theequipmentlayoutIflexleable, andthesuitableWeldingThicknessis0.5-6mm.Používání CO2LASER (vlnová délka10.6um) withco2astheexciter, theoutputeRenergycanRach25kw, aditcanmake2mmplatetHicknesssinglepassfullpenetrationWeldinging.IthasbeenwidelyuseuseusedNentrytrytryformalProcessing.
Mostoftheearlylaserweldingresearchexperimentsusedrubypulsedlasers.AčkolivhigherpulSeenergyCouldbeobtaingeattHattime, divadelní powerPowerofTheselasers Wasquitelow, který WasmainlyCausedBeveryLowworkofthelasersersersersersers.RozhodnutotheefficienciencienTexCitabilityofTheluminescentmaterial.LaserweldingMainlyusesco2laserSandyaglasers.YaglasershavebecomethereferredEquipmentforLaSerSpotWeldinganDlaserSeraSeamweldingBecauseofTheirhigHavelpower.TheSignIficantDifferencebetweenlaserweldingAndelectronBeamWeldingiSthatlaserRadiationCannotProducePerforationWelding.Infact, whenshelaserpulSeenergyDentensionDeaches10Tothe6thPowerw/cm2, aweldholewillbeformedonteweldingInterfaceofThewEdMaterial, a theformationconditionsMallHoLewIllBemet, sothatthelaserbeambeusedfordeepeeneng.Fusionwelding.
Beforethe1970s, protože vysoká powercontinuouswaveformlasershadnotyetbeendeed, výzkumfocusedonPulseDedlaserwelding.Mostearlylaserweldingresearchexperimentsusedrubypulsedlasers.TheWeldingProcessofyagLaSerSISCarriedOutByweldingJoints.AfterthebirthofContinuouspowerWaveformlaSersAbove1kw, ThereallaSerSeamWeldingCanberealized.
WiththesuccessofTheKeKilowatt-LevelContinuousco2laserweldingtest, LaserweldingTechnologyMadeabloghTheearly1970s.Co2laserweldingwascarriedoutonalargethicknessStainlessSteelspecimen, aapenetrationweldwasformed, který řečeno, formovalteformationofsmallholes, athedeeppenetrationWeldDroducedbylaserWassiMilartoelectronBeamWelding.TeidearlyworkUsingCo2lasersforvalWeldingProvedThereatPeatPeatOfHigh-PowerContinuouslaserwelding.Intheaerospaceindustryandmanyotherapplications,laserweldingcanrealizetheconnectionofmanytypesofmaterials,andlaserweldingusuallyhasmanyadvantagesthatotherfusionweldingprocessescannotmatch,especiallylaserweldingcanconnectthemoredifficulttoweldintheaviationandautomotiveindustriesThin-platealloymaterials,suchasaluminumalloy,etc., aThedeformationofTheComponentsissMall, a theJointqualityIshigh.Další actactiveaplikaceOflaserProcessingIsTheuseofLaSerstoachievelocalandsmall-ScaleheatingCaracteristics.ThishotSpotoflasersMakestHeryverySiableforWeldingelectronicDeviceschAsPrintedCircuitboards.LaserscanbeuseusedeNectronicDevices.AverysMallareaonthedeviceProducesaHighaveragetetemperature, přičemž se přičemž došlo k tomu.
ItBelongStoFusionWelding, který seseserserbeamasenergysourcetoimpacTontheweldmentJoint.TheLaserbeamcanBeguiDedEdByaflatopticalElement (takový, asamirror) a atherareflectFocusingElementorlenSisesToProjecttheBeanthetheweldD.Laserweldingisnon-ContactWelding.NopressureIsRequiredduringtheoperation, butinertgasisRequiredtopreventoxidationofTheMoltenpool.FillerMeTalisoccasionally používané.LaserweldingcanbecombinedwithmigweldingToformlaser-MighybridweldingToachielargepenetrationWelding, andatthesametime, aheatinputisgreatlyredaced-comparedwithmigweldinging.
FunsesOflaserwelding
Firstofall, LaserweldingCanreduceTheamonTofHeatinputtotheMinimum, theTalographicChangerargeoftheheat-postitedzoneissmall, athedeFormationCausedByheatConductionSalsoloWestest.V nichž seNoneedTouseElectrods athereisnoconCernaboutElectrodeCtaminaminaDordamage.AbecauseitisnotaContactWeldingProcess, ThewearddeformationoftHeequipmentCanbeminimized.Thelaserbeamiseasytofocus, AlignandBeguiDidedByopticalInstruments.ItcanbeplaceDatanApProrediancefromThoworkpiece, anBegueguiDedBeenToolsoroBstaclesAroundThorkpiece.OtherWeldingMethodsCannnotBeusedDuetotheabove-mentionedspacelimitace..Za druhé, TheWorkpieceCanbepedaceDinaclosedspace (vakuumedortheinternalgasenvironmentisundercontrol)).TheLaserbeamcanbeFocusedasmallarea, CanweldsmallandcloselyscadedParts, CanweldawiderangeofMaterials, andcanalsojoinvariousheterogeneousmaterials.Nehospodárná, itiseasytoautomatehigh-speedwelding, anditcAnalsObeControlledbydigitaLoRoMomputer.Když WeldingThinmaterialsorthin-Diameterwires, itisNotaseasytoBetroubleDasarcwelding.
VýhodyFlaserwelding
(1)Theheatinputcanbereducedtotheminimumrequiredamount,themetallographicchangerangeoftheheat-affectedzoneissmall,andthedeformationcausedbyheatconductionisalsothelowest.
(2) TheWeldingProcessParametersOf32MMpLetHicknessSningWassWeldingHaveEnverifiedAndQualified, který sereduceTetheTeRevieReviredForthickplateWeldingAnDenSavesEuseoffillermataltal.
(3)V nichž seNoneedTouseElectrods athereisnoconCernaboutElectrodeCtaminaminaDordamage.AbecauseitisnotaContactWeldingProcess, ThewearddeformationoftHeequipmentCanbeminimized.
(4)Thelaserbeamiseasytofocus, AlignandBeguiDidedByopticalInstruments,canbeplacedatanappropriatedistancefromtheworkpiece,andcanbere-guidedbetweentoolsorobstaclesaroundtheworkpiece,otherweldingThelawcannotbeexertedduetotheabove-mentionedspaceconstraints.
(5) TheWorkpieceCanBepedaceDinaclosedspace (UndervacuumorinternalgasenvironmentUnderControl).
(6) ThelaserbeamcanbeFocusedasmallareaandCanweldsMallandcloselyspacedParts.
(7) TherageofWeldableMaterialSiss AwEadide, a.AllkindsofheterogenUneousMaterials.
(8) ITISEASYTOAUTOMATEHIGH-Speedwelding, AnditCanalsObeControlledbydigitaLotorComputer.
(9) Když WeldingThinmaterialsorthin-Diameterwires, itwiltnotbeasytobetroublesomeasArcweldinging.
(10) ItisNotafitchedBemagneticfield (ArcWeldingandelectronBeamweldingareasy), a značně uplatedheweldment.
(11) TwometalsWithdifferentphysicalProperties (takové, které jsou podoben) Canbewelded
(12) Novacuumorx-rayprotectionIsIsIred.
(13) Sperforationwelding, thedepth-to-widtrratiooftheweldbeadcanranch10: 1
(14) ThedeviceCanbeswitchedTotransmitthelaserBeamToMultworkStations.
ProcessParameters
ProcessParametersOfContinuousco2laserwelding
Tloušťka/mm | WeldingSpeed/(cm/s) | Šavowidth/mm | Poměr stran | Power/KW | |
Buttweld | |||||
321StainlessSteel (1Cr18ni9ti) | 0.13 | 3.81 | 0.45 | Fullpenetrace | 5 |
0.25 | 1.48 | 0.71 | Fullpenetrace | 5 | |
0.42 | 0.47 | 0.76 | Částečná penetrace | 55 | |
17-7StainlessSteel (0CR7NI7A1) | 0.13 | 4.65 | 0.45 | Fullpenetrace | 5 |
302StainlessSteel (1CR18NI9) | 0.13 | 2.12 | 0.50 | Fullpenetrace | 5 |
0.20 | 1.27 | 0.50 | Fullpenetrace | 5 | |
0.25 | 0.42 | 1.00 | Fullpenetrace | 5 | |
6.35 | 2.14 | 0.80 | 7 | 3.5 | |
8.9 | 1.27 | 1.00 | 3 | 8 | |
12.7 | 0.42 | 1.00 | 5 | 20 | |
20.3 | 21.1 | 1.00 | 5 | 20 | |
6.35 | 8.47 | —— | 3.5 | 16 | |
InsineLalloy600 | 0.10 | 6.35 | 0.25 | Fullpenetrace | 5 |
0.25 | 1.69 | 0.45 | Fullpenetrace | 5 | |
Nickelalloy200 | 0.13 | 1.48 | 0.45 | Fullpenetrace | 5 td> |
Monel 400 | 0.25 td> | 0.60 | 0.60 | Fullpenetrace | p>5 |
IndustrialPuretitanium | 0.13 | 5.92 | 0.38 | Fullpenetrace | 5 td> |
0.25 | 2.12 | 0.55 | Fullpenetrace | 5 | |
Mírná ocel | 1.19 | 0.32 | —— | 0.63 | 0.65 |
Lapweld | |||||
Ocelová ocel | 0.30 | 0.85 | 0.76 | Fullpenetrace | 5 |
302StainlessSteel (1CR18NI9) | 0.40 | 7.45 | 0.76 | Částečná penetrace | 5 |
0.76 | 1.27 | 0.60 | Částečná penetrace | 5 | |
0.25 | 0.60 | 0.60 | Fullpenetrace | 5 | |
Filetesheamwelding | |||||
321StainlessSteel (1Cr18ni9ti) | 0.25 | 0.85 | —— | —— | 5 |
Terminalweld | |||||
321StainlessSteel (1Cr18ni9ti) | 0.13 | 3.60 | —— | —— | 5 |
0.25 | 1.06 | —— | —— | 5 | |
0.42 | 1.90 | —— | —— | 5 | |
17-7StainlessSteel (0CR17NI7A1) | 0.13 | 3.60 | —— | —— | 5 |
Inconel 600 | 0.10 | 1.06 | —— | p>—— | 5 |
0.25 | 0.60 | —— | —— | 5 | |
0.42 | 0.76 | —— | —— | 5 | |
Nickelalloy200 | 0.18 | 1.06 | —— | —— | 5 |
Monel 400 | 0.25 |
TheMainProcessParametersOflaserdeeppenetrationWelding
Laserpower
ThisAlaseRenergyDentensionThresholdInLaserwelding.Pod tím, že hodnota, thePenetrationDepthisveryshallow.OnCethisValueIsReacheDorexed, thePenetrationDepthwillbereatlylyIncresed.OnlywhenthelaserPowerDentensionOntheworkpieceexledsthethshold (Coffeyttothematerial), Plasmawillbegenerated, který označil.IfTHelaserpowerIsLowerthanthshold, OnlySurfacemeltingofThorkpieceoccurs, to, že, svařovací síťováthermabhermalMalmalmalmalmalmalmalmalmalmalmalmalConductivityType.WhenthelaserPowerDensitasNearThecriticalConditionfortheformationofsMallholes, deeppenetration anductionsWeldingalternatelybecomeanunStableWeldingProcess, což vystupuje v položce..Během LASERDEEPPETRATIONWELDING, TheLaserpowerControlsthepeNetrationDephandweldingSpeeDatthesametime.TheWeldingPeNetrationIsIrectlyrelatedtotheBeAmPowerDusity, andisafunctionFeidentBeamPowerAndtheBeamFocalSpot.Obecně řečeno, foralaserbeamwithAcervediameter, thePenetrationDepthincreasesAsTheBeamPowerIncreases.
BeamFocalspot
BeamSpotSizeISoneofTemostimportantVariablesinLaserWelding, protože jedeterminesthepowerDensity.Butforhigh-Powerlasers, ItsEasurementIsIfficultproblem, i když HetherereanyIndectMeasurementTechniques.
TheDiffraction-limitedSpotSizezeofThebeamfocuscanbecalculatedCordingTotheoreoryoflightDfraction, butduetotheaberrationofTheFocusinglens, divadelníspotiSLarGerGethantheCalculateValueValue..ThesimplestactualMeasurementMethodisTheisotermalprofilemeThod, který je uveden na základě čistotyPotandPerForationAliameterAfterscorchingThickThickPareAndPenatingThePolyPolyPylenplate.Tento metHodsHousedPracticedThroughMeasurementTomasterthesizeofThelaserPowerAndthetimeofBeamaction.
MaterialAbsorptionValue
TheabsorptionOflaserlightbyaTaterialDepenSsomeRopertantPropertiesofThematerial, takové, takové, odrazivosti, tepelné kondukce, taveninovápetura, odpařování, atd. Atd.., mezi nimiž jsou důkazní thistheabsorptionrate.
The FactorsAffictingTHeabsorptivitivityoftHelaserbeamincludetWoaSpects: theFirstiStheresististivitivityofThematerial.AftermeauringTheabsorptivityofThepolisedSurfaceofThematerial, itifoundtHattHeabsorptivitivityofThematerialisproportionAlTotheSquarootherofteresistiativity.A atheresistivityChangeswithtemperature; zadruhé, thesurfacestate (orsmoothness) ofthematerialhasamoreimportantinfluenceontheabsorptionrate, který segnificifictefeftonthewEldingefEftect.
The OutputputWavengLofCo2laserisusUsUsUSULY1010.6 μm.Theabsorptionrateofceramics, sklo, guma, plasticsandothernon-metalssisveryHighatTemperature, WhiletheabsorptionofMemateMaterialsveryPooratTemperaturaturature., Až dothematerialmeltsAndevenvaporizes, itsabsorptionIncreasesHarply.THEETHODODOFUSISSURCECOAINGORENERATIONITOXIDEFILMONTORFEURFICESVEYFECTIVECTIVETIMIMPROVINGTHEABSOrptionofThelightBeamThematerial.
WeldingSpeed
WeldingSpeedhasagreatInfluenceonpenetration.RostethesPeedWillMakethepeNetrationshallower, butifThespeeDistoolow, itwillcauseexcessivemeltingofThematerialandWeldpeNetrationofThoworkpiceeceeceeceecepiece.Proto je tedy uvedeno, jak se vyskytuje.
SHIELDINGGAS
TheLaserweldingProcessoftenuseSinertGastoProtectThemoltenpool.Whensomematerialsarewelded,thesurfaceoxidationmaynotbeconsidered,buttheprotectionmaynotbeconsidered,butformostapplicationsGasessuchashelium,argon,andnitrogenareoftenusedforprotectiontopreventtheworkpiecefrombeingoxidizedduringtheweldingprocess.
Heliusnoteasytoionize (HighonizationENERGY), kteréhodowthelaserTopasssmoothly, a ThebeamenergyReachEasheStheSeSeSurfaceofThorkpiecewithouthindrancedrance.ThisTheMosteFectiveSHIELDINGGASusedInlaserwelding, butitismoreexpensive.
Argonischeaperanddenser, SotheprotectionEfctisbetter.Nicméně, itissusceptIbleTohigh-temperemetalplasMaionizace, která SHIELDSPARTofTheBeamFromReachingThorkpiece, reductestheeffectiveLaserPowerForWelding, anlodamagestheweldingspeedandpenetrace.ThesurfaceofTheweldmentProtectedByargonissMoOtherthanWhenprotectedByhelium.
Dusíkhecheapestshieldinggas, butitisnotsuible forWeldingCiveSofStainssteel, převážně dokázně, takovébsorpce, která jezněná promarteatereSintheoverlaparea.
TheSecondfunctionSonusingShieldingGasistoprotecttheFocusinglensFomtalvaPorContinaminationanliquiquIdDropletsplashing.Obzvláště vřed-powerlaserwelding, Becausetheejectionbecomesveryverypowerful, itisMoreneceSadytoprotecTthelensatthistime.
THETHIRD FUNCTIONFTHESHIELINGGASISTODISSISISIPATHEPLASMASHIELINGPRODUTEDBYHEHIGH-Powerlaserwelding.TEMETALVAPORABSORBSHELASERBEAMANDORIZACESIZPOZITOSTITORKOUSIZALIZACE, ATHESHIESHIELINGGASOUNDTHEMALVAPORISALSOIONIZACE.Iftereistoochplazma, ThelaserbeamisConSedBytheplasMosomeExtent.PlasmaexistsstheSecondKindofenergyonThoworkingingurface, která máakesthepenetrationDepthBecomeshallowerAndtheweldpoolSurfaceBecomesWider.Zvyšuje seelectronrecombinateByIncRuesingThethree-BodycollisionofelectronsWithionSandNeutratomStoreduceTeelectonduntivePlasma.TheLightertheneutraton, Thehighterthecollisionfrequency, andthehighertherekombinaterát.Onheotherhand, OnythesHieldinggaswithhionizationENergyWillNinCreEtheelectontensityDueTotheionizationofThegasitself.
Atomová (molekulární) váhovarsionizaceEnergyofCommonlyuseusedgasedsand -metaly
Materiální helium, argon, dusík, hliník, hořčík, železo
Atomová (molekulární) hmotnost44028272456
Ionizační energie (EV) 24.4615.6814.55.967.617.83
Z toho, co je možné, theSizeofTlasscloudvaries withtheproCtivectivegasused.HeliusthesMallestandNitrogensCond, TheLergestWhenusingargon.Thelargertheplazmasize, theshallowerthepenetrationDepth.ThereasovenforthisDifferenciIsFirstlyDueTothedifferenceInteregreeFionizationOfGasmolecules, andalsuetothedifferenceInMatalvaPordifFusionDuetotherentdentensityofTheproCtheproctivectivegas.
HeliumhasthesmallestionizationAndthesMallestDensity.ItcanquicklydriveoutThingTisingMetalvaporgeneratedFromTheMoltenMetalpool.Proto, použití HeheliumAsashieldinggascansuppressheplanTothegreatEthextent, tímto seknaringthepenetrationDeptancResingThewEldingspeed; protože ofitlightweight, itcanescape, anditisnoteasytocausepores.Samozřejmě, soudě od FromouractualWeldingEffect, theEffectOfargonProtectionSnotbadadadadadadadadadadadadadad.
TheinfluenceofplasmCoudonpenetrationIsmostobviousTethelowweldingSpeedarea.WhenntheweldingSpeeDincreases, jeho ITSfluencewillbeweakened.
TheshieldinggasisejedThroughTHezlezleeningataCevepressureToreachThesurfaceofThorkpiece.ThehydrodynamicshapeofthThenozZleaMediateMeterOfTheoutleTareveryimportant.ItmustBelargeEndodRivethesprayedShieldingGastoCoverThewEldingsUrface, butinordertoeffectiveptionProtectThelensPreventMatalvaporcontaminationOrMantAlTaminaminationsplashFashFomdamagingThelens, thesizeofTezlemStalSobelitelited.TheflowrateshouldalsObeControlled, jinak.
INORDERTOIMPROVETHETHECTIONEFECTHECT, AnadditionalsideplowingMetCanbeused, to, že, theshieldinggasirectlyIndeCedeTotheeePenetrationWeldingHaleataCeangleThroughsmallerdiaMaleterNlezzlezle.Theshieldinggasnotonlysuppressestheplasmacloudonthesurfaceoftheworkpiece,butalsoexertsaninfluenceontheformationofplasmaandsmallholesinthehole,andthepenetrationdepthisfurtherincreased,andaweldwithanidealdepthandwidthisobtained.Nicméně, tento metHodRequiresPreciseControlOfTheSizeanddirectionofTheairflow, jinakiiSiiSeasytoproduceTulenturentflowandDestroytheMoltenpool, tvorba, která je uvedena.
LensFocallth
Když přivádí, FocusSusUsUsUsUseusedToConverGethelaser.Obecně platí, že AlenswithAfocallGendOf63 ~ 254 mm (2.Používá se 5 ”~ 10”).TheFocalSpotSizeIsProportionTotheFocallth, theshorterthefocallth, thesmallerthespot.However,thefocallengthalsoaffectsthefocaldepth,thatis,thefocaldepthincreasessynchronouslywiththefocallength,soashortfocallengthcanincreasethepowerdensity,butbecausethefocaldepthissmall,thedistancebetweenthelensandtheworkpiecemustbeaccuratelymaintained,andthepenetrationdepthisnotlarge.DuetotheinfluenceofSterandlaSerModeduringWelding, theshortestFaldepThudeNactualWeldingIsmishostlyFocallGth126mm (5 ").WHESHESEAMISLARGEORTHESPOTSIZEEDStobeincreasedtoIncreashetheweldsEAM, ChoosealensWithAfoCallGendOf254mm (10 ").Inthiscase, iNorderToaCHIEVETHEDEEPETRATIONPINHOLEEFFECT, AHIGHERLASEOutputpower (PowerDensity) IsRequired.
WHEnthelaserPoWerexcesS2KW, zejména forthorthe10.6 μmCO2laserbeam,duetotheuseofspecialopticalmaterialstoformtheopticalsystem,inordertoavoidtheriskofopticaldamagetothefocusinglens,thereflectivefocusingmethodisoftenused.ApolishCoppermirRiRiSusesAsAreflector.Protože sefitseffectiveCooling, itisofTrecompendedForhigh-PowerlaserbeamFocusing.
Zaostření
Když se blíží, inorderToMaintainsAintAuntientientwerDensitys.TheChangeoftherelativePositionOfTheFocusAndthesurfaceofThoworKeCeCeCectlyafTSthewHandDeptHoftHeweld.
Interlaserweldingapplications, theFocalPointIsUsUsUssualssetatabout1/4ofTorequiredPeNetrationDepthBelowThesurfaceoftheworkpiece.
LaserBeamposition
Když se vyskytli, thelaserbeampositioncontrolsthefinalqualityoftheweld, zvláště písmenaseofbuttjointsthanlapjointsmoresensitivetothis.FORMACE, WHIPHARDENDEDSTEELGEARISWELDEDTOALOW-CARBONSTEELDRUM, TheCorectControllofthelaserBeamPositionWillhelptoproduceaweldmainlyCompondosedoflow-Carboncomponents, který sebettercrackresistances.InsomeAplikace, TheGeometryoftheweldworkFieCequiresthelaserBeamTobedeflectEctByanangle.WhenthedeflectionanglebetweentheamaxisandtheJointPlaneiswithin100Drees, theworkpice'sAbsorptionOflaseRenergyWillNotBeaffected.
PowerControl
TheLaserPowerTheStartandPointSoftHewEldingIsgraduallynsAsed aDecredared.
Během LASERDEEPPENETRATIONWELDING, NOMATHERTHEDEPTHOFTHEWELD, SMALLTHEHOLEPHENONEMONALWAYSEXISTS.WhendheweldingProcesSisterMinedTowerswitchisturneDoff, pitswillappearatheendoftheweld.Inadition, WhenthelaserweldingLayercoversTheoRiginalweld, excessiveAbsorptionoffthelaserBeamwilloccur, způsobuje, že se má.
INorderToPreventtheoccurrenceofTheaBovephenomenon, The PowerStartandPointsCanBeprogrammethePerStarDendTimeadJustable, to je, thestartpowerrisesfromzerotozeronoinashortperiodonTimeusingelectronicMethods..SetthePowerValueandadjusttHeweldingTime.Nakonec, WhensheweldingisterMined, thePowerIsgraduallyredacedFromthesetPowertozero.
Výhody a nevýhody
(1) ThePositionOfTheweldmentMustBeveryPreciseandMustbewithinthefocusrangeofthelaserbeam.
(2)Whentheweldmentneedstouseajig,itmustbeensuredthatthefinalpositionoftheweldmentisalignedwiththeweldingpointthatthelaserbeamwillimpact.
(3) TheMaximumweldabLetHicknessisRestrictTopeNeTreTeTheworkpieceWithatHicknessFarex19mm, andlaserweldingisnotsuitablefortheproductionLineLineLine.
(4) FormaterialswithHighReflectivityandhighthermalconductivity, Susaaluminum, CopperandtheIralloys, TheWeldability WillbeChangedBylaser.
(5) Ať už se provádímediumTohigHenergyLaserBeamwelding, aplasmaControlleRMeUseuseuseusedRiveouttheionizedGasarounTemoltentoolToEnsureEappearanceofTheWeldbead.
(6) TheenergyConversionEfticidentienticientiencistoolow, obvykle bez.
(7) TheWeldBeadSolidifiesrapidly a atheremaybeconcernsaboutpositanMbrittlement.
(8) The EquipmentisexPension.
Inordertoeliminateorreducethedefectsoflaserweldingandmakebetteruseofthisexcellentweldingmethod,someotherheatsourceandlaserhybridweldingprocesseshavebeenproposed,mainlylaserandarc,laserandplasmaArc,laserandinductionheatsourcehybridwelding,duallaserbeamweldingandmulti-beamlaserwelding,etc.Nenapsaní, diseticAuxiliaryProcesMeasureshavebeenProposed, tayaslaserfillerwirewelding (který CanBeSubDividedIndoColdwireweldingandhotwirewelding), extermagneticfieldsistensenhancedlaserwelding, a a a andlalinggascontroltenPooltenswelding a a andlanginggasntrolledmoltenpooltending a a a andlagngastrolledmoltenpooltending..
(1) PowerDensity.PowerDentensisoneofthemostCriticalParametersinSinLaserProcessing.WithIgherwerpowerDensity, thesurfacelayercanbeheatedtotheboilingpointwithInamicroseCondTimerange, výsledek.Proto je vysoká síla agentsialsBeneficialforMaterialRemovalprocessing, tahaspunching, řezání a.ForlowerpowerDensities, ittakesEsMeramLiseCondsfortheSurfacetemperaturetoreachtheBoilingpoint.Beforethesurfacelayervaporizes, TheBottomlayerreachesthemeltingpoint, který.Proto, nekonstrukci, thePowerDentensitisesinTorangeof10^4 ~ 10^6W/cm^2.
(2) LaserpulseWaveform.TheLaserpulseWaveForsisanimportantissueinlaserwelding, zejména pro list.WhaHigh-IntensitylaserBeamhitshesurfaceofThematerial, 60 ~ 98%OfThelaseRenergyWillberefletedAndLostoNtheMetalSurface, a thereflectivityChangeswithtHerurfaceteMperaturature.Během balaserpulse je zde řečeno.
(3) LaserpulseWidth.PulseWidThisoneofTheRortAntAmetersOfPulserserWelding.ItisNotonlyanimportantParentdifferentFomMaterialRemovallandMaterialmelting, butsoakeakeyparameterthatDeterMinestheCoStandVolumeofProcessingequipment.
(4) TheFEFFECTOFDEFOCUSINGAMONTONWELDINGQUITA.LaserweldingusEusEurquireSacerveDegreeofseparation, BecausethePhowerDentensiontentEfThespotThelaserFocalFocalPointAighanditisEasyToevaporationToahole.OneachPlaneawayFromthelaserFocus, ThePowerDusityDistributionIsRelatitivněuniform.TherearetWodeFocusingMethods: PositiveDefocuSandNegativeDefocus.Ifthefocalplaneisabovethorkpiece, iTisapositiveDefocus, jinakiisanegativedefocus.Podle podél, whenshedistancebetweenthepositiveandnegativedodefocusplaneSandthewEldingPlaneisequal, thePowerDententeSontherespondingPlanesisproxiturelSoxThesame, buttheshapemoltenpooLineDianiedIsaidainesaidainesainesacallydifferentAntéz.WHEndHedefocusisnegative, AgreaterPenetrationDepthcanbeobtained, který serelatedtotheformationProcesOfThemoltenpool.ExperimentsShowtHattHematerialStartStomeltWHenthelaseRisheatedFor50 ~ 200US, ForliquidMetalandvorizací, FormingCesPressureSteam, který jeprayedaTaveryHspeedMighSspeedAndItsDazZlightwhitelight.AtThesametime, ThehighconcentrationOfvaporcausestheliquiquIdMatalToMetotheetgeofTheMoltenpool, formovánímEpresiventrefThemoltenpoolooloolo.WHEntheDefocusisnegative, The InternternalPowerDensitunessofThematerialishigHerthanthatofThesurface, andisitiseasytoformstrongermeltingand avaporization, sothatthelightEnGenergycanbetransMittedTotheedPartHematerial.Proto se nepracují, whenshepenetrationDepthisRequiredTobelarge, pakegativedefocusisus;.
aplikace
LaserweldingMachineTechnologyisIsIsEuseuseuseuseusedInHigh-PrecisionManufacturingfieldssuchasautomobiles, lodě, letadla, vysokorychlostní nalevo atd. Atd.., které HasbroughTSignIficTimProvementStopeople'squalityOflife, a ahasledTheHomeApplianceindustryHaseteredteeraofseiko.
Obzvláště poté, co 42222-metreamlessWeldingTechnologyCreatedbyvolkswagen, který se také velmi vyskytl, se stavilostí, haiergroup, AleadinghomeapplianCecompany, grandlylauntedthefirstswashingMachineproducedbylasserswesweldingTechnology., ThehomeapplianCecherishestHeadVancementOfScienceandTechnologyforthepeople, a advancedLaSerTechnologyCanbringHugeChangeStopeople'Slives.S kontinuousconsolidationOftheglobalBrandstatusofashingMachines, jeho leadershiphintheindustryhasbeguntobebedlysentents.Nicméně, s tím, copportoflaserweldingMachineTechnology, itwillalsohaveadeeapformthehomeapplianceindustrydrydry.AccordingtoHaier'sR&Dpersonnel,mostofthemanufacturingtechnologyoftheinnertuboffullyautomaticwashingmachinesonthemarketadopts"snap-and-loop"technology.Zatím se bude vyskytovat výsledek, který má za následek, že má výsledek.Inordertofurtherimprovethereliabilityandrefinementoftheinnertub,Haierwashingmachinetakestheautomobileandshipbuildingindustriesasthereferencebase,andappliesthelaserseamlessweldingtechnologytothenewuniformpowerwashingmachine,avoidingthegapandunevennessoftheinnertub,andimprovingtheoverallperformance.ImpleroethereliabilityOfTHeproductWhileTakingCareoftheclothes.DuetotheincreaseinthestrengtheftheinnerTub, themaximumSPeedofTheiformwashingMachineruridTheDehydrationProcesSislassoincreasedBy25%ve srovnání s porovnaně, žeordinálně.
Inaddition,Ialsolearnedthatthe"high-powerlaserweldingmachinetechnology"jointlydevelopedbytheSino-Germanshipbuildingindustryensuresthesafetyofshipsandfurtherstrengthensthehullstructure;intheaviationfield,laserseamlessWeldingtechnologyhasalsobeenwidelyusedinthemanufactureofaircraftengines.AtThesametime, ThelasersEamlessWeldingTechnologyofaluminumalloyfuselagecanreplaceRivets, a tím redukuje, že má;.Technologie, i když improvingafetyPerformance, alsogreatlyreducusnoise, přinášející se.
Withtheall-RounddevelofScienceandtechnology, theCONTinuousConsoLidationaplikaceOflaserWeldingMachineTechnologyHassalsoledtheglobalhomeapplianceInTusTryintoanewera.Poté seProcessisNotonlyanupgradeofProducts, bulalysoretechnologyDisplayaplikace.
1.Výroba, která je možné vypracovat BlandlaserWeldingTechnologyHasbeenWidelyuseuseuseuseuseusedSronorigncarmanufacturing.Podle ní, in2000, tam Wheremorethan100LasertailoredWeldingProductionLinesforcuttingBlanksworld po celém světě, withonanualualuoutputthereare70milliontailor-weldedblanksforcarcomponents a aitContinuestoGrowatarelalatitatitatitatitatitatitatitatitatitatitatitative.ThedomesticallyproducedImportedModelspassat, Buick, Audi atd.AlsussesomecutBlankstructures.JapanUsesCo2laserweldingInsteadofflashbuttweldingfortheConnectionOfrolledSteelcoilsinthesteeLindustry.Intheresearchofultra-thinplatewelding, takový, cosfoilswhiathicknessOfleshthan100Mrons, onicannotbewelded, butteyhavespecialeoutputwowerformsssssssssssss.ThesuccessofyaglaserweldingsHowSthebrightFutureoflaserwelding.Japanhassalsosuccessesslydered theuseofyaglaserweldingforthemaintenanceOfsteamgeneratorThintubesinnuclearreaktořiforthefirsttimeintheworld.Inchina, SubaorongandotshavealsocarriedOutLaserweldingTechnologyforgears.
2.ThefieldOfPowdermetallurgywiththeContinuousdevelofScienceandtechnology, Mnoho IndustrialTechnologieshavespecialRequirementsformaterials, amaterialsmadebyltingantingastingMetScannolongermeetEedeeds.BecausepowdermetallurgymaterialshavespecialPropertiesAndManufactururiturinurituringanages, thearereplacingTraditionMeltingMaterialSiredfieldssuchasautomobiles, letadla a atoolandcuttingtoolmanufakture.S vývojem vývojeFPOWDERMALLURGURGYMaterials, therereProblemswiththeConnectionBeentheMandotherparts.Zdá se, že se zdá, že je v souladu s SothattheapplicationOfPowdermetallurgyMaterialSisRestricted.Intheearly1980s,laserweldingenteredthefieldofpowdermetallurgymaterialprocessingwithitsuniqueadvantages,openingupnewprospectsfortheapplicationofpowdermetallurgymaterials,suchastheuseofbrazingmethodscommonlyusedinpowdermetallurgyLowstrength,wideheat-affectedzone,especiallyincapableofadaptingtohightemperatureandhighstrengthrequirements,causingthesoldertomeltandfalloff.TheuseoflaserweldingCanimprovethethewEldingStrengthend ahighTemperatureresistance.
3.AutomobileIndustryinthelate1980s, Kilowatt-LevellasersWeresuscessplidtoIndustrialProduction.V dnešní době laserweldingProductionLisHaveeMeregedFomderAutomobileManuFacturingonalargesCaleaNaNeComeoneofTheverSaivementsFautoMobileManufActuring.EuropeanautomobileManufacturerssuchasaudi, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, andvolvoofswedentooktheleadinadoptinglaserweldingforroof, tělo, postranní rámečky Sheetmetalweldingasearlyashe1980s..V 90. letech, GM, FordandchrySleRCompeteDenitedStates.TheintroductionOflaserweldingIntoautomobileManufActuring, navzdory tomu.ItalianfiateSeSLaserWeldinginthewEldingandAssemblyofSteelPlateComponents.Japonsko'snissan, Honda, andtoyotamotorcorporationselaserWeldingandCuttingProcessinThemanufAfaktureofbodyPanels.Vysoce pevná belseelweldingSessembLypartsareduetotherexCellentPerformance.ItisusedmoreandmoreinautomobileBodyManufActuring.Podle toho, coendof2002, The CONSONCEFOFLASELDEDSTEELSTRUCTURURURES 70 000TONS, které setHreeTimesmorethanin1998..Podle níthecharacteristicsOflargeBatcheSandhighDegreeofautomationTeautomotiveIndustry, laserweldingEquipmentisdeveliveRectionOfHigh-PowerAndmulti-Chanel.IntermSofTechnology, SandianationAlaboratoratoryOfTheUnitedStatesAsPartwitneyHaveJointlycondedResearchOnaddingPowderMalandMetalwireThelaserWeldingProcess.TheinstituteoFappliedBeamTechnologyinbremen, NěmeckohasconcuctEdalotofresearchOnTheuseoflaserWeldingofaluminumalloybodyframes.ItisbelidedThaddingFillerresidueSintheweldwillhelpeliminateHotcracks, zvednutí asolvetoleranceproblems.ThedeveloptedProductionLinehasBeenputInTinToproductionatthemercedes-benzFactory.
4.ElectronicsIndustryLaserweldinghasbeenwidelyuseuseuseusedheelectronicsIndustry, zvláště firtémicroelectronicsIndustry.DuetothesMallheat-postitedzoneoflaserwelding, TheheatingConcentrationIsrapidandthermalsressressressIslow.Proto itisshowinguniqueadvantagesventAckaginGintEgroenterCircuitsAndSemiconductordeRectShellshells.InnthevevelopmentofvaCuumdevices, laserweldinghassalobeeenApplied, sasismolybdenumfocusingelectrodeandStainlessSteelSupportring, fasthotcathodefilamentassembly atd..THETHICHNESSOFTHEELASTYTHIN-WALLEDSCORRUGATEDSHEETITHESSORORTHERMIS0.05-0.1 mm, který jeDifficultTOSOLLyTraditionWeldingMethods.Tigweldingiseasytoweldthrough, theLASMASTABILIBAITASISPOOR a THEREAEREMANYINFLUENCOVÁNÍ FAKTORY.ThelaserWeldingEfEfctisVectisGood, AndItiswidelyused.Aplikace.
5.LaserweldingofbiomedicalbiologicaltisSuesbeganinthe1970s.Klinketal.andJain[13]usedlaserweldingtoweldfallopiantubesandbloodvesselssuccessfullyanddemonstratedsuperiority,whichledtomoreresearchTheauthorstrytoweldvariousbiologicaltissuesandpromotetheweldingofothertissues.TheresearchOnLaserWeldingNerveatHomeandabAbroadmainlyFocuseSonthelaserwavelth, doseanditsfunctionRecovelTheselectionOflaSersolder.ONTHEBASISOFBASICRESEARDONLASERWELSKOFSMALLBLOODSESSANDSADSADS ANDALDBIDECOMONCOMOFTOFTHERATWASWELDED.Ve srovnání s porovnáním, laserweldinghastheadvantagesoffastanastomóza, noforeigndyreactionDuringThehealingProcess, údržba naechanicalPopertiesoftheweldedpart, a thegrowtHofTherepairedtisSueacdingToitSoitSoIGiNoIGiNoIGiNoIGiNoIGiNeSiLeSoLiginalBiiniginalBioniGiNoIGiNoIGiNeSelingIsTienTiesTiSeliginSoTiesTienTiesTiNeSoLiToSoitSoIGiNSOLISTISTISTIS.ItwillbeuseusedInFuturebiomedicin.GetAwiderRangeoFapplications.
6.Otherfields.Inoteraindustries, laserweldingisalsOgraduallyinssing, zejména inspecialmaterialswelding.ManyMoMesticResearchshaveBeencarridOut, tayaslaserweldingofbt20 titanium slitiny, Hel30alloy, li-ion baterie atd.., GermanglassmachineryManufacturerglamacocoswigandifwjointTechnologyandMaterialSexPerimentalResearchInstituteHavededaneWaserweldingTechnologyforflatglass.
VýhodyFhybridwelding
LaserhybridweldingTechnologyHasSsignifictadvantvantages.Forlasermixing,theadvantagesaremainlyreflectedintoday's:largerpenetration/largergapweldingability;bettertoughnessoftheweld,theadditionofauxiliarymaterialscanaffecttheweldlatticestructure;thebackoftheweldwithoutburn-throughThephenomenonofsagging;thescopeofapplicationiswider;withthehelpoflaserreplacementtechnology,theinvestmentisless.Forthehybridlasermiginertgasshieldedwelding, theadvantagesainlyreflectIntednToday's: HigherWeldingSpeed; LargeFusionWeldingDepth; snisWeldingHeatgenerated; Highweldstrength;.Thereby,theproductionprocessofthewholesystemisstableandtheequipmentavailabilityisgood;theworkloadofweldingseampreparationandweldingseamprocessingafterweldingissmall;theweldingproductiontimeisshort,thecostislow,andtheproductionefficiencyishigh;ithasgoodopticalequipmentconfigurationperformance.
Nicméně, investmentcoflaserhybridweldingInPowerequipmentisRelativněhigh.STHEFURTHEREXPANSIONOFTHEmarket, ThepriceofPowerequipmentWillalsrop, andlaserhybridweldingTechnology se zapojí.AteastthelaserhybridweldingTechnologyIsAverySeverableWeldingProcessintEweldingofaluminumalloyMaterials, a bude BILLBECOMETHETHEMETHEMETHEMETHEMETHEMETHEMETHEMEMETHEMETHEMEMETHEMEMEMEMEMEMETHEMAINWELDINGPRODUCTTOOLoLoNoNIDOOFIOFIME.
DevelopmentStatus
Cizí, žetchnologie amanufakturistairativně se rozvinuli.OniheavealreadyBegunTOstudyHowToapplyModernLaSerTechnologytotRaditionManufacturingAsearlyAsthe1980s.WesterncountriessuchastheEuropeanUnion,theUnitedStates,andJapaninAsiarelyontheirowndevelopedscientificandtechnologicalstrengthandagoodmanufacturingfoundation,underthereasonableguidanceandfinancialsupportofthegovernment,thedevelopmentoflaserweldingtechnologyisveryrapid,especiallyafterenteringthenewcentury.TheaplikaceOflaserWeldingTechnologyCanbeseenmanymanufacturingandotherndustries, včetně TheelectronicsIndustry, lodi BuildingIndustry, automobileindustry atd.., a theapplicationOfModernlaserWeldingTechnologycanbeseen.A IndundustryStandardofWeldingTechnologyhasbeenpreliminalyformed, sothatitcanBeaplieDaneaMableableandControlLarange.Atthesametime,inordertofurtherimproveweldingefficiencyandenablelaserweldingtechnologytobebetterappliedtomodernlarge-scaleproduction,especiallylarge-scalemanufacturingandconstructionindustries,Westerndevelopedcountrieshavebeenactivelystudyinghowtoimprovetheefficiencyoflaserweldinginrecentyears.TheresearchOfPowerlaSersFurterPromoteSandRealizeShealizationOfHigh-PowerlaserWeldingTechnology, thustrulyAppilyTilyTitItTolarge-ScalemanufActuring, Construction, a BeingmilitaryfieldsForthemanuFacturingofSubMarines awarswarshipships.
V roce 2016, TheharbinweldingResearchInTituteWastheleadeRinLaserWeldingTechnologyResearchinchina.Inrecentyears, inadditiontofurthertroaninganddevelingNewTypeSoflaserWeldinganSaquipment, itisActivelyiMating areferfingTotheLetestTrendTrendSignSeignResearch, and-constantly beadingBreathEbroughsandDevevermentsIgh-powerlaserweldingTechnology.Thelatestresearchresultsshowthattheysuccessfullyovercometheweldingproblemsofdomesticlarge-scalecomponents,whichundoubtedlymarksamajorbreakthroughinthefieldoflaserweldingtechnologyinmycountry,andalsolaysthefoundationformajorapplicationsinlarge-scaleprojectsinthefuture.INADDITICE, thedomesticlaserweldingTechnologyResearchin2016 WasalsoconCentratedEnthefieldsOflaserHotwirewelding, dissimilarMetalwelding atd.., WHORETHETHELESTTOPICSOFMODERCANLASERWELDIGHTECHNOLOGYRESEARD.AreignCountrieshavemadebreakthroughsinReatedResearchFields, zejména GermanyhasinitiallyMasteredTheTechniqueSandSofDissiMililarMalWelding.Inthefuture,ourcountrymustbetrulyproficientintheapplicationandmasteryoflaserweldingtechnology,andapplyittomorefieldsandIntheindustry,itisundoubtedlynecessarytoovercometheabove-mentionedissuesandtofurtherimproveandoptimizethelaserweldingtechnology.
Vyhlídky
LaserweldingISombinationOfModerntechnologyandTraditionTechnology.Ve srovnání svrttraditionalweldingtechnology, laserweldingiseSesialuniqueanDitsaplikaceFieldsapplicapplicationLevelSareMoreExtensive., Cangreatlyimprovetheeefficience aAccuracyofWelding.ItshighpowerDensityandSastEnerGyReleaseCanBetterimproveworkefficience.Atthesametime, ITSOWNFOCUSPointsissmaller, který se uskutečnil..TheEmergenceoflaserweldingTechnologyhrealizedThofieldsThatTraditionWeldingTechnologyCannotapply.Itcansimplyachievevariousweldingrequirementsofdifferentmaterials,metalsandnon-metals,andbecauseofthepenetrationandrefractionofthelaseritself,itcanbebasedonThetrajectoryofthespeedoflightitselfcanachieverandomfocuswithin360degrees,whichisundoubtedlyunimaginableunderthedevelopmentoftraditionalweldingtechnology.Nepříjemná, becauselaserweldingcanreleasealargeamountofheatinortperiotiofietoachieverapidwelding, ithaslowerenvironmentAlVequirementsand anbeperForeDereneraneraToReconditions, bez toho, aby bylo možné, žeumorgasprotelection..Poté, co se týká vývoje, lidemhavethehEshestleveloFundonstandingandRecognitionOflaSerTechnology, anithassgraduallyexpanded fromtheinitialMilitaryfieldTotheModerCivilianfield, andtheemergenceoflaserWeldingTechnologyHasfurtherexpandedTeapplicationSerTechNology.Inthefuture, LaserweldingTechnologyCannotonlybeuseuseusedInfieldssuchasautomobiles, ocel, andinstrumentManufacturing, butlusoinmilitační, lékařské, atherfields, zvláště vstřícný polí, s thehehelpofitshownhigheandhightemematerature.THECHARACTERISCISTISCITEGRATIONANDYGIENECANBETETRAPLIEDINCILICICALSICAGNOSASAndTmentsUSUCHNEROMIDICIDICIDINEANDRODUctivemedicin.AndStownPrecisionAdVantAgesWilLalsobeapliedInmorePrecisionInStrumentManufacturingindustries, který bude mít vývojový vývoj.
