Úvod
WhetheryouuseyoursmartphoneorPCtosurftheInternet,yourmobilephoneorPCwillbeassignedanIPaddress,andthemobilephoneorPCwillusethisIPaddresstocommunicatewiththeInternetCommunicateandexchangeinformationwithothernetworksontheInternet.Therearetwomajorpesofipaddresses, ipv4andipv6 a nejmodernější.
Funkce
Ipv4istheabbreviationOfInternetProtocolversion4, která má angethefourthversionofTheroTocol.TheVastmaJorityOfCommunicationtrafficontheinternetisenCapsuladInTheformatoFipv4Datapackets.IPv4IsDescriptedInTetailietfPublicationrfc791.
IPv4USES32-bitbinaryAddresses, SothereAreononlyAbout4.3 milionydresses.Zpočátku, EveryuserConlectedtotheinternetHastobeasSigneDanipv4Address.Proto, therefewerandfeWerunassigneDipv4Adsresses, výsledné.INORDERTOFUNDAMENTALLYSOLVETHOBLEFOFIPV4ADDRESSEXHAUSTION, IPv6Cameintobeing.
IPv4IsusUsUsUsUswittenIntentottedDecimalNotation, takové192.168.0.1, WherethenumbersArealldecimallumbers, separatedBySoliddots.
ANIPV4ADDRESSCANBEDIDIDIDIDEDIDETOTWOPARTS: Networkdresshostaddress.TheEtWorkAddressCanbedeScribotEnteFollowingform: 192.168.0.0/16, WheretherethemberAftertheSlashindicatestHatthelGnghThTheNetworkdresspartis16bit, thiscoresponsporedsto2bytes, to je, tenatworkddresspartis1922222222222222222.168.0.0.
Klasifikace
INorderTofacilitateTemanagementFipadsresses, podle tothefirstbyteoftheipv4Address, ipv4addressEsCanbedIDidedIndotheFollingFiveCategories.
Typ: 0 ~ 127
Typeb: 128 ~ 191
Klasika: 192 ~ 223
Třída: 224 ~ 239, vícesměrová adresa
Classe: 240 ~ 254, rezervovanou společností
ThereresomeaddresssegmentsInTheipv4AddresshaveSpecialus.TheDEScriptionOfTheEADDRESSSEGmentsAndtheSissississhownable1.
Stůl 1
Rozsah | Popis |
10.0.0.0/8 172.16.0.0/12 192.168.0.0/16 | PrivatenetworkIpv4Address, který je možné.TheoriginalintentionofDesigningPrivateNetworkIpv4AddresseSistoalleviateProblofipv4AddressExhaustion. |
169.254.0.0/16 | Link-local, LinklocaladdressisonlyaningFinaCiredNetworkSegment, TherouterWillNotForwarwwarwwarwwarwAcketstheaddressOflink-local. |
127.0.0.0/8 | Loopback, použitá forlloopbacktest |
224.0.0.0/4 | IpMulticastaddress |
240.0.0.0/4 | RezervaceforresearchTestUse |
255.255.255.255 | Broadcacaddress |
Související difference
TheDifferencebetweenTipv4AddressandipaddresshespecificdifferenceAreasFollows:
1.Ipv4isaversion, andpisabigconcept, a toaresessiallydifferentní.
2.Theipv4AdsresstisTHeranetipoftheradioandTelevisionNetwork.
3.Thedifferencebetweenclassa, classb aclasscAddressesinipadsress.TheLengngthOftheipaddressdeterminestheipv4AddressspaceanddeterMesthelimiteddress.
4.IpincludesprivateNetworkIp, PublicNetworkIp, IPv4, IPv6.