Definice
IndustrialStructureCaconceptyptypTurwardIndeVecreveConomics.IndustrialStructureCuresalsAlledIndustrialSystemAndHemainComponentofSocialEconomicsystem.Industrialstructureupgradingisasystematicprojectthatrealizestheimprovementofproductionfactors,theoptimizationofindustrialstructure,andtheincreaseofindustrialaddedvaluethroughthemutualtransformationofvariousproductionfactorswithintheindustryandbetweenindustriesintermsoftime,space,andlevels.Tesymetrická relationshipbetweeneconomicsUbjectSanderConomicObjectsisthemostBasicicindustrialStructuRucTemostFundamentalDrivingForCeupgRadingoftheustrialStructure.
Výklad
IndustrialStructurereferstetheproportionOfagriculture, Industry a Serviceindustriesinacentry's -EconomicTructure.Na změně, změny v rámci industrialStructurewillbringgoodmarketopportenities forcerveindustries, Andotheotherhand, itwillalsObringsurvivaltheretSotheartEndustries.Obvykle se ukládá, že je důležité, The ImportanceofTheserviceIndustryWillincreasedayBay, TheProportionOfTheserviceIndusTronCeaseaseyBada.
IndustrialStructure, AlsoknowNastheSectoralStructuretheofthenational Aconomy.THECMOMPOSIOFTHEVAIRYNUSTRIALSECTORSOFTHENATIONAL ACONOMYANDAndWitHineachIndustrialSetor.The IndustrialStructureOrdepartmentstructureofSocialProductionSproducedDeverontedonTetheraneraldivisionOflaborandSpecialDivisionOflabor.Thestudyofindustrialstructureismainlytostudytherelationshipbetweenthemeansofproductionandthemeansofliving;fromthedepartmentpointofview,itismainlytostudytherelationshipbetweenagriculture,lightindustry,heavyindustry,construction,commerce,andserviceindustries,andTheinternalrelationsofvariousindustrialsectors.
Higherindustrialstructure,alsoknownasadvancedindustrialstructure.RefersteTrocessofaCountry'SeconomicDevelopmentFocusorindustrialStructureshiftingFomTHeprimaryindusTryTotheSondaryandtertiaryindustries.ItmarksthelevelofaCountry'sSeconomicDevelopmentAndthestageandDirectionSofitsDevelopment.THEADVANCEMENTOFIALSTRIALStructureISoftenSspecificlyflictedInTheProcessofChangeSintUtputValue, zaměstnanecsons, a theProportionOfnationalIncomeamongvariousvestrialsectortorstorstors.
Standardy měření
THEADVANDANCEDUSTRUCTURUCTURUCTURETHEMAPPREATERIATEDUSTRIALStructureInfifferentPiodSofaCountry's EconomicDevelopment.The theAinMeasurement Standardsarda jsou:
(1) Principleofincomeelasticita (StandardOfincomeelasticity) ISTheratioofeachAdditionAlunitofincometotheincreaseInthequantityOfDemandForaCeadCommodity.IfEnchereddemandDuetoincomeexpansionCanbetransformedIntologOdswithhincomeelasticity, theExportgrowThRateCanbeinscreedacescordings, který serifidealfortheoverAllovalConomicgrowth; (2) thePrincipleofProductivityIncreateare (produktivitaSentranticPrinciplele).InorderForgoodSwithhighincomeelasticitytobeexported, onimusthavespaintInternational Competitity.Proto TheBestChoiceistofocusonindustrieswithhighProductionGrowThratesOrIndustriesWithhighTechnologicalDevelologické vývoje;
(3)Theprincipleoftechnology,security,andgroups,thatis,fromalong-termperspective,thedrivingforceofeconomicdevelopmentistechnologicalinnovation,sothatalthoughtheindustrythatcanbecomethecoresectoroftechnologicalinnovationinthefutureisinarelativelyinferiorposition,itcannotbeeasilygivenup;
Zveřejněná vývojová vývoje, acervereghereofnationalSecurityoranindustrythatcangantEetheCountry'SPrestigeiSactualsRequired; forthebanceddevelovelveloofindustrialsectors, awiderrangeofindustrialgroupsMustbeformed fouroudSMustbeformed..Thestateoftheindustrialstructurethatmeetstheabovethreestandardscanbecalledtheoptimalstateofacountry'sindustrialstructureinacertainperiodoftime,andatthesametime,italsoindicatesthattheadvancedindustrialstructureofthecountryhasreachedthestandardstate.
Industrialstructure,including:Industrialstructureitself,andTechnicalstructure,Industriallayout,industrialorganization,industrialchainfiveElements.
Klasifikace průmyslu
INONOMICRESEARDANDANDANDANCECONICMANAgement, theClassificationMethodSoftenasedMainlyIncludetwomajorfields, twomajorclassifications, Threendustryclassifications, AndResourcentientastaxonomyAnDiontational StandarDandarDustrialClassification.
TheClassificationOftwomajorfieldSandtwomajorCategories
Tato klasifikaceIstocLassifyifydIndustriescordingtothenatureofProductionActivitiesAndus airProducTattributes.Podle průmyslového projektu: MaterialProductionSectorAndnon-MaterialproductionSetor..TheFormerreferstotheSectorSeageDenteProductionOfMaterialMaterialsandCreatingMaterialProducts, včetně získání, průmyslu, stavebnictví, přepravy, postandtelecommunications a commercece.TheatterreferstotheDepartmentsToNoNengageNentheProductionOfMaterialMaterialsButonlyProvidenon-MaterialServices, včetně věky, kultury, vzdělání, zdraví, financí, pojištění, konzultaciandotherdepartments.
Metoda klasifikace tří průmyslů
Tato klasifikace metHoddDividustRialStructuctureAccordingTothesquenceofThehistoricalDevelopmentOfSocialProductionActivities.Thesectorwhereproductsaredirectlytakenfromnatureiscalledtheprimaryindustry,thesectorthatreprocessesprimaryproductsiscalledthesecondaryindustry,andthesectorthatprovidesvariousservicesforproductionandconsumptioniscalledthetertiaryindustry.Tato klasifikace metHODHASBECOMEAMORECOMONSUSTRIALSTRUCTUCTUCTRASSIFICIFIKACEMETHODINTHEWORLD.
mycountry’sthreeindustriesaredividedinto:
Theprimaryindustry:Agriculture(includingplanting,forestry,animalhusbandryandFisheries).
Secondaryindustry:Industry(includingextractiveindustry,manufacturingindustry,electricpower,gas,waterproductionandsupplyindustry)andconstructionindustry,industryTherevolutionisoftencausedbyarevolutioninthemanufacturingindustrythatleadstocomprehensivechangesinthethreemajorindustries.
Tertiaryindustry:Otherindustriesexceptprimaryandsecondaryindustries.PodleTomyCountry'sSactualSituation, thetertiaryIndustryCanBedIDidedIntotWoparts: OneirtheCirculationscal a TheoteristheServicescretor.Konkrétně, itcanbedIDidedIndofourlevels:
TheFirstlevel: theCirculationCector (Logistics), včetně přechodu, skladování, postandtelecommunications, velkoobchodaNedretailtrade, and -catering.
SecondLevel: DepartmentsServlingProductionAndLife, včetněfinace, pojištění, geologické kontroly, vodní konzervance, realistika, společenské servis, zemědělství, lesnictví, zvířecí pásmo, afishereryservice.
THETHIRDLEVEL: ODDĚLENÍ OSVEZITOMPORVETHELEVELOFSCIENENCEANDCULTUREANTHEQUALITYOFRESIDENTS, včetně využití, kultury, umění, rádia, FilmAndTelevize, zdraví, SportsAndSocialwelf, vědecké výskyt atd. Atd. Atd. Atd..
Čtvrté: oddělení, které najedují veřejnost, včetně stateagincí, politických stranic asocialorganizations, aswellasthearmy, policie atd..
ResourceIntensityClassificationMethod
Tato IndustryClasificationMethodisClassifiedCordingTotheDedifferenceInTominantReSourcesInVestedByeachIndustry.Podle průmyslovéhoInTusiventensityofTheProductionFactorsOflabor, CapitalAndTechnologyineachIndustry, The IndustRisedIDideDidedInDidedInDidedInTolabor-Intension, Capital-IntensiveandTechnology-Intensivendundustries.
1.Odvětví náročná na práci.ReferstoanindustrythatMainlyRelieSoNalarGeamountOflaborforProduction, buthasalowDegreeofDependenceontechnologyAnEquipment.TheSeasurementStandardisThatWagesCountforalargerPorportionOfProductionCostsComparedToequipmentDepreciation aresearchandDevevermentExpenditures.Obecně řečeno, TheCurrentLabor-Intensive IntensiveMainlyrefertomanufakturingindustriessagriculture, lesnictví a oděvy, hračky, kůže a furniture.WithEadVancementOfTechnologyandtheapplicationOfNewTechnologyAnquipment, TheTechnologyand aCapitalIntensionoflabor-IntensivenSinderedCountriesArealsoincRusing, a itheyaregraduallyDivergingingfromLabor-intensiveintensiondustridries.Forexample, theFoodIndustryIsClassifiedAsAcapital-IntensivendustryInderedViredCountries.
2.Kapitálová průmyslová odvětví.ReferstoindustriesinwhichtHecofcapitalandLaborCostSontforalarGroportionOfTheUnitProductCost, aeachworkworkeroccupiesAhigHeraMountOffixedCapitalandCirculatingCapital.ATPRESENT, CAPITY-Intensive IntensiveSmainlyReferTothesteeLindustry, GeneralElectronics ampumicationEquipmentManufakturing, TransportationEquipmentManufakturing, Petrochemicals, HeachAchineryindustry, PowerIndusry atd. Atd. Atd. Atd..Kapitálová průmyslová odvětvíaremainlydistributedinbasicindustriesandheavyprocessingindustries,andaregenerallyregardedasanimportantfoundationforthedevelopmentofthenationaleconomyandtherealizationofindustrialization.
3.Technologicky náročná průmyslová odvětví.ReferstoristEstHeryHeaVilyontechnologyandIntellecTualFactorsInteProductionProcessMoretanonotherfActorsOrtorsOfProduction.TheCurrentTechnology-IntensiveindustriesInclude: MicroelectronicsAndInInformationProductManufakturing, Aerospaceindustry, atomocenergyindustry, modernpharmaceuticalIndustry, newmaterialIndustry atd. Atd..
V současné době se technologicky intenzivní IndusiveSrepresentedBymicroelectronicsAndinformationProductManufacturiverapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidrapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRapidRidly.Proto se ITCANBESAIDTHEDEVETHEVELTONTYVEDEVETHELEFECHNOLOLOGIE-Intensive IntensiveswillDetermineacountrympetitive aconomicgrowthProspects.
InternationalStandardindustrialClassification
Inordertomakethestatisticaldataofdifferentcountriescomparable,theUnitedNationspromulgatedthe<>(ISIC).TheCurrentVersioNthethirdrevisionin1988.TOTOSOF „InternationalStandardindustrialClassification“ IsdividedInto17Sectorsa-Q, včetně99industryCategories.THE17Sectorsare: A, zemědělství, lov a lov a B, rybolov; C, těžba a vyrábějící; D, výroba;K, Realiestate, LeasingIndustry; L, PublicManagement ANDAGECTANATION ANDALION;.
„NationaleconomicDustryClassificationandCode“ vydáno amymyCountryIsformdwithreferencetothe „InternationalStandardustrialClassificationOfallEconomicActivities“, sotheindustryClassificationAndincludesthe „OrganizationFonomicCooPerant areveration“ (Oecd) areofTrieDedaredCedaredCedareDedCesicallysicalsicalsicalsicalsicalsicalsicalsicalsicalsicalsicalsicalsicalsicalsic..
Ovlivňující faktory
AllthefactorsthatdeterMineanDaffecteConomicGrowthwillDirectlyOrindectAffectChangesinTheindustrialStructuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuRetovaryingDrees.KnowledgeandtechnologicalInnation, PopulationIzeandstructure, EconomicSystem, NaturalResourceendowment, Capitalscale, Reagstructure, InternationalTrade atd..ArethebasicconstraintshintheeVolutionoFaCountry's PindustrialStructure.HereasomesomeimportantFactors.
KnowledgeandtechnologicalInnovation
Znalosti o tom, že technologicalInNationAndTechnologicalProgressAretRivingForcesOfeconomicGrowTHANDTHANDTHANDTHANDRIGHINGFOOFIDUSTRIALSTRUCTUCTURECHANGES.TheEdevelofscienceandTechnologyiStOsPortAntFactafThorThorthotHaftafTechangeoFindustrialStructure, který jespecifificificificIfetedInTheFollingAspects.
TechnologyRevolutionsPawnsnewindustries
Technicalrevolution, TechnologicalInNationAndTechnologicalDiffusionAllHaveaMimpacToNeupGradingoFindustrialStructure, zejména technologicalrevolution, který se ofTenleadStothebirthofsomeNewindustrialSectory.Podle geothereneradivize HusonsocietyHasexperiencedFourtechnologicalRevolutions.
ThatieSymbolofThefirstTechnologicalRevolution WasTheinventionoftextilemachineryAndtHeadeidespreadeuseofSteaMengines.THE THE THE THEACHINEIndustryPlacedTHANDICANDICRAFTIDSUSTRYBADENANUALALABORANDPOMITEDTHETHRANSFORMACEFHUMANSOCIFEFROMANAGRICULTURALSOCITYTOOCIETYTOANDURIALSOCIETY., Aqualitativní rozbíjení.TheSeofTheTextileIndustry, TheleapForwardofTranssportationIndustry (ShipsAndtrains), andtheriseofTheSheelandMachineryIndustriesArealltheresultSofThefirsttechnologicalrevolution.Inagrikulture, PeopleBegantouseSeampumpstoirrigarigAltAllandinlargequanties, aseitopromotestoneMillingToprocesSagulturalproducts, amechanizationOfAgriculturalProductionBegan.TheErgyStructurecreofMankindhasshiftedFomwood-založená na bázi, aindustrialpowerhasevolvedfrommanpower, waterpower a windpowertosteampower.
TheSecondtechnologicalrevolutionBeganinthe1870s.ITSMAINSymBOLWASTHEWIDESPREADUSEFELECTICTICIACTHANDTHEANTHEInventionOfgeneratorsAndAndMotors, které MadeproductivityRiseagain.TheAutomobileIndustryAviationIndustryHavebeeNestaltesonTheBasisofinternalCombustionEnginetechnology; ThePowerIndusTryHasrisen (Powergeneration, převodovka, distribuční systémy) a „slabé“ průmyslem („slabé“ technologie “, etTrologieshaveteogenications a etticssionationings atd..) mít podrobeně.Během řeči, průmyslové produkce se objevila průmyslová produkce, monopolisticterprisescontinuedToemerge, „taylorsystem“ se objevila.
ThethirdTechnologicalRevolutionBeganinThe1950s, MarkedBytheuseoFatomicenergy, Thebirthanddevelofelectronickomputery, polymersynthechnologyand aspaceTechnology.TheEmergenceofatomicenergyTechnologyHasledTotheriseofalargemumbemumlerofnuClearEnergyinTiessinteproduction aApplicationOfNuclearenergy.Mezi themareindustrieriesrelatedtonuClearErengsychanchechanicEquipment, materiály a polí.PolymersyntheSistechnologyHasledtothedevelofPlastic, guma, vlákno, asynteticmaterialsindustries.TheEmeGernceFelectronicComputerTechnologyHashadahugeimpactthiswell známé.HumanBeingshaveabrand-newproductionMethodretentByelectronicComputreters, které jsou v souladu sphysicalssical, andreplaceshumanBrainPoaceEltent, umožňují „počítače“ toreplaceallkindsoflexmentallaborborbor..Tato písmena.SexuálníchragegreatlyIncreaseasedLaborProductivity.THEEDEVELTOFCOMUTERTECHNOLOLOGYAndTHEADESPREADUSEOFComputersHaveenabledTheSlabmentFinSocialManagementAngenteRenterPriseManagement, AtheInformationAndustryhassgraduallybecomealeadingIndusry.Je zřejmé, že ThischnologicalRevolutionHasbRalhedFurtheradjustmentandupgradingofthialStructure.
TheForthTechnologicalrevolutionOriginatedInThe1980SandisussualscalledThenTheNewtechnologicalrevolution.ItismainlyBasenBioengineeringTechnology, InformationNetworktechnology, Softwaretechnology, NewmaterialTechnology (takové, takové, atd.) Atd. Atd..ITIndicatestHatthisNewTechnologicalRevolutionIsStLunderway, athereareAreEstillDifferenterentopinionSonitsSpecificContent.Inthepast20years, themergenceofHighTechandtheriseofHigh-TechIndustrieshavehadasificantImpacTonTheupGradingofindustrialStructure, andalsoprovidedEddedEDechnologicalFoundationFortheriseanddeveloftheKnowledgeeconomy.ITSISPARTICULLYNOTEWORTHTOUTHTHATIONTORMATIONNETWORKTYNOLOGIE, BIOTECHNOLOGIEAND ANDENETECHNOLOGIEBASEDONLIFIFIFICESCIENCESANCREASILNYIMPORTORTROLEINTHEDEVEVEVEPOFVALIONFOFVALIONS.TheTechnologicalRevolutionHascontributedtothetransformationoFindustriesFromLabor-intensivetocapital-andtechnology-intenzivní.
TheTextileIndustryinthefirstTechnologicalrevolution WasBasicalsAlabor-Intensivendustry, Whiletheautomobile, Chemical, SteelandandustrialclustersDevenintESeCondTechnologicalrevolutionWerecapital-Intensive-Intenzivní.NewindustriesborninthethirdandFourthnologicalrevolutions, takové, computerindustryandaerospaceindustry, je známo a intenzivní intenzivní intenzivní intenzivní.Poté, coewtechnologicalrevolutionNoTOnlyConTributedTotheChangesinleadingIndustriesInvariousPiodSandThepositionFoechIndustryintheinTestRialStructure, bulsopromotedtheadjustmentofthThelaboreMuctementStructure.
TechnologicalInnovationPromoteSindustrialdevelopment
ForscienceandtechnologytobecomethemainForcedrivingeconomicgrowth, itmustbetransformedFromKnowFormTomaterialForm, a frompontialProductivitytoActualProductivity.TheFirsttransformationIsrealizelizesinLinlicoftechnologicalInnation.TechnologicalInnovationIsanunInterruptedProcess.Z vanynamikperspektivy, TheTechnologicalInnovationProcessConsistsFscientificResearchformingNewinvenions, NewProductDevelopment, TrialProductionand aproduction, andtrialproductionmarketing.TechnologicalInnovationThedrivingforceForIndustrygrowThanddevelopment.
TratereCountlessExplesplesplessplessPromotingPromotingndustrialdevelopment.Asfarasagriculturesconcerned, srovnatelná snímky.Whilemodernagriculturalscienceandtechnologyisformingitsowncompletesystem,manyothercategoriesofnaturalscienceandsocialscience,technicalscienceandeconomicsciencecontinuetoinfiltrateandblendintoagriculturalscience,thusformingmanynewintersections,broadeningthefieldofagriculturalproduction,andpromotingmodernAgriculturecontinuestodevelop.
NaturalResourceendowment
NaturalReSourcesEtheexternaLanaturalConditionsonwhichthesocialProductionProcessDends.TheendowmentStatusofaCountry'SaturalResources (včetně geografického lokace, Landstatus, TotalMineralDeposits adIstribution, WaterResources, Climate atd..) HasanimportantimpacTactonaCountry'SindustrialStructuctuctureanDeconomicDevelopment.The EnomyWasfirstDeveliveRedInTheFrigidzoneandCoastalareas.Dnes, mnohé rozvinuté, courrieshavesuperiornaturalresourceconditions, které potvrzují.KvalitaFaturalConditionssirentlyaffectsThedevelofacountry'sAgriculture.ThestatusofundergroundResourcesdirectlyaftectsthestructureoftHeminingIndustryand afuel -powerIndustry.
TheindustrialstructureofthememberstatesoftheOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries(OPEC)andAustralia,NewZealand,SouthKoreaandothercountriesintheprocessofindustrialstructuretransformationhaveindeedbenefitedfromtheirdomesticnaturalresourceendowments.AleendowmentofnaturalResourcessisbynomeansadeCisiveFactor.Země s tím, že jsou zaturizovanémSoUrcesMayHaveveryDeveRentEconomicDevelopments.Proto, ThePOSSESSESSOFNAturalResourcesISOFTENTREGRADEDBYSOMEECONOMSAWAWAWAWESTRIALIZACE a STRUCTURANTRANSFOMATIONACountry, TISASJAPAN, SINGAPUR, Andhongkongspecialadministrativeregionofchinafchina.Inparticular, acourtryschasjapan, který sextremelyScarceofnaturalResources, HasbeenamongThetopeconomicPowersinTheworldin30years.
Atthebeginningof the 20. stoncery, argentinabecameahigh-incomecountry, aitscandardoflivingwasmuchhigherthanthatofitalthatthime, aevenmoresoftertheseCondworldwar.Ačkoli se ačkoliv nejvíceproductivelandalarGeantEantOnmontofMinerals, thecrisisinargenTinainretyearsHassatedToaneConomicrecession, který se shoduje od společnosti FroMoneSecthavingalargeAMONMONTONTORESOURCESNOESNOTGUaranTeSeSustainableDedeDedeveDeveDedeveDeveDeveDeveDeveDeveDeveDeveDeveDeveDevevionment.
TheimpacTofNaturalResourceSontheindustrialStructureIsRelative.Withtheadvancementofscienceandtechnology,manypreviouslydifficult-to-extractresourceswillbedeveloped,andcomprehensiveutilizationandconservationofalternativenaturalrawmaterialswillbepossible;throughinternationalTradecanmakeupfortheshortageofdomesticresourcesandeasetheconstraintsofnaturalresourcesontheindustrialstructureofacountryoraregion.Z důsledu, že je vývoj, formostCountries, astheinitioLoReveVotHedevelofirtializationAndeconomicrowth, NaturalResourceendowmentShavedifferentReRentReRentReRentRencesAdFerentStagesFrationSformaceProcesOfAcesOfAcesOfOcesOfOcesOfAcesOfOcesOfAceSofUsCurecureluctures..TEMOREISITISTHEEarlyandmiddlestages, GreateritsInfluenceandeffectMaybe.WHentheCoMparativeAdvantageofprimaryProductProductionSeclacedBemanufacturinginstry, tak complatingTheTetake-of-offransition fromInitialStageTotheinterMediatiatestage, itsroleandinfluenceWillTendTecreeserease.
STRUKTURA
Poptávka nalezenaCommodityOrLabororServiceThatConsumerSarewillingAltobuyateachPriceinacervePiotoftime.PoptávkadesiretobuyandtheunityOfPurchAsingPowerCannotBeademandwithoutoutanyone.TheAgGregEmandEmand (agregovanýMand) iStheTotaLaMeTofexPenditurestHatVariousStoFonamyarewillingtospendinacervePiodotMime, včetně theseUmofconsumer, korporátní a vlákno a vyvolává se.ITCanasObeCompomsedIncosenconsons Con spočíta, investice, vládní nákupy anetexports (ExportMinusimport).
PředJohnmaynardKeynes, EconomistsbeledInderinsay's'theoremof "SupplyCreatesdemand", buttherealityofThereatCrisisofthe1930SCompletelyDeeDeeDiedSay.Věta, TheKeynesianRevolutionWithDemandastheCenterofanalysisOccurredineconomics.Lidové převodové konzervacetofaltAndAnddemandStructureCureonaCountry's -Economicrowth, Supplystructure a IndustrialStructureHasbeendeedenededeneedEnededEneded.Z důvodu z oddílného programuFinfluencesinSindustrialStructure, změny, které jsou v provozussonalconSumpructure, theProPortionMinteidededEmandandfinalDemand, theProportionOfConSonConsConInInVestment, InvestinatentRucture, InvestinatentRucture, InvestinantUcture, InvestinantStructure..
ItisworthpointTotTouthUnderThonditionSofAshortageeconomyandasUrpluseConomy, theimPimPacTemandStructurenTheindustRuctuRuctuRuctureAntthesupplySignIficlificdificdifferentní;., Todetermine, když.
PopulationIzeandstructure
PopulasizeHasbothquantitativeAtiveandqualitativeregulations.PopulacereferstothetotalPopulationofaCountryTryataCereintIntintime, andqualityrefersterentCompositionOfAgiVententAlPopulation.GiventheestabledConditionSofNaturalResources, theamoncountOfcapital, anavailableTechnologies, thespeedofeconomicgrowthortheincreaseInnatioNoutPionoftimeDedependSoNONMONMONMOFONCOFOFAVAILALABOROR.TheincreaseintheNumberOflaborersMemesFromnaturalPopulationgrowth, zvýšené pocity (zvláště theIncreaseInWomen'sLaborparticationRates), imigrace a prolongongworkinghours.
Intheearlystageofeconomicdevelopment, thePopulationgrewrapidly a atheroleoflaborintheeconomywasmainlyManifetestedTheInheasenhenoflaborers.RozvinutáCountriesHavebeenconstrairedByinSicentLaborBorSupplyInTheinialStageofPromotingtransformationofthiRustrialStructureintheearsStagesOfindustrialization.Aftertheeconomydevelopstoacervestage, The QualityOflabor (Workers'PhysicallandCulturalquality) PlaySamaJorrole a theimProvementOfLaborqualityMainlyComsfromhumancapitalinvestment.
InRealeconomiclife, změny indurtialStructuretheResiseandfallOfAcere -RegionWillForcelabortoflow, způsobující frictionAluneMeMussiont.Onheonehand, thedecLineInLabordeMandIndecliningindustrieswillCausealotoFuneMuneMunment (fulleMusmentsnotequaltoworkingageveryeveryoneinthePopulationHasajob, anditisgenerallerelteredTHatthenatuRaluneMateMateiTeMeMueMuteaTeaLeallumLemalLemalLemalleMulledemment).NaotheotHand, SomeemergingIngustrieshavejobvaCanciesDuetoLofqualifiedLabor.
Mezinárodní obchod
InternationtradeisanexternalfacTaftaftaftaftaftaffectsindustrialStructuctuctureChangeSunderopenconditions.Jeho dimpayctonindustrialstructurecturecructureIsMealizedThroughThemechanisMofinternational ComparativenterSterest.Obecně mění, které se změní, co se týče productProductionBetweenCountriesWillCauseChangeSintHoportandexportStructructureCuctureCovertime, které budou vružit se na to, že konzumace, konzumace, atradestruktura, andtradestruktura a atradestruktura, andtradestruktura, andtradestruktura, andtradestruktura, andtradestruktura, andtradestruktura, a atradestruktura, a atradestruktura, a atradestruktura, andtradestruktura, andtradestruktura, atradestruktura, atradestruktura, atradestruktura, a.
THEEDEVEVERMINATIONTRADEANDTHEADVENCEMENTOFECONOMICGLOBALIZACE HAVEPOMITTERTHETINATIONTRANTANTRANSFERFIDUSTIES.Inaclosedeconomy,theadjustmentoftheindustrialstructureandtheupgradingoftheindustrialstructuredonotaccompanythetransferofforeignindustries,butrathertransferfromdevelopedregionstounderdevelopedregionswithinacountry.InternationalndustrialTransferisaproductoFanopeneConomyandanineVitableResultofincreatialsFierceinternationalCompetition.
Jiné faktory
Inadditiontotheabovefactors,thedegreeofcapitalaccumulationofacountry,thescaleofinternationalinvestment(includingtheoutflowofdomesticcapitalandtheinflowofforeigncapital),theeconomicsystem(plannedeconomyorMarketeconomy,plannedandcommandedindustrialdevelopmentmodelandmarketcompetitiveindustrialstructuredevelopmentmodel),industrialpolicies,historicalconditions,warandpeacefulenvironment,etc., WillallaffecttheindustrialStruktureofaCountryTovaryingdegrees.
Inshort, Theabove-MentionedFactorstheTeterMineandinfluencendustrialStructuredonotexistininisolation.ThescaktorsMayProMoteeachether, omezující a athusconflictshotherother, komplexně pojetí aDeterminingTHeeXistingAndustrialStructuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctucTitsChanginglaws.
TrendofChange
TrendofStructurelChangeBetweenthethreeindustries
Za prvé, AddedofTheprimaryIndurdemThereMereMeeSegrossNationalProPoportionOfLaborinriesdeClining.Až do 70. let 20. století, intomedeveloveredcountries, takové, žeunitedKingDomandtheunitedStates, theDecLineinthevalue-addedofTHeprimaryIndustryAndtheproportionOptionOfLorborforceBegantoweaken.
Za druhé, theaddedValueofTheSondaryndustrydryAndtheproportionOfEmatementSmenTossNationalProductandTallaborBorForceWererisingInInnalyCountriesbeForEtHe1960s.Nicméně, po před 60. letech, theValueadDedofthedustrialSectorAndthempemPemPonSonSonTossNationalProducTaLaLalaborBorCorceiNtheunitedStates, BritainainandotherDeveredCountriesBegantoDecLine a athedeclineintraditionAlidusWiesWasenPonouceDucedaced..
Zatřetí, adodadu, adodofterTiaryIndustryAndtheproportionoftHeNumberemPemPersonSonthegrossnationalProductandTotalAllaborLaLaLaLaLaLaLOLOTOLALOLOTOREROSHORESUPWARDTRENDALLCountries.Po šedesátých letech, thetertiaryIndustryInderedCountriesDeveredMorerapidly, účetní formorethan60%.
ItcanbeseenfromTHechangingtrendofTheProProPotionsOfTreeTreeNistHintHatinthedustrializationSageofallCountriesInTheworld, IndustryHasalwaysBeentheleadeadingsecherentheventheonthThenationational Aconomy.RozvinutáCountriesHaveGraduallyTransitionTothe "Postdindustrialization" stageaterscompletingthingthingthingtherialization, a-tech-technistries andustriesServiceIndustrieshaveIncreativeBecometheleadeadingSectorsOfnationalConomicDevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopment.
THESTRUCTURAGETRENDENCESOFVARISENUSTRIESWITHITHENTHENTRY
IndustrializationCanbediDidedIndothRestages:
1.ThedevelopmentStageCentereredOnLightIndustry.The Industrializace ProcesOfeuropeaneranedCountriessuchheunitedKingdomMastWithIsLightIssuschastextilesandgrainprocessing.
2.DevelopmentStageCenterederedHeavychemicalIndustry.AtThisStage, TheheavyandchemicaldustriessuschaschemicalIndustry, metalurgie, metalproducts, andelectricpowerhavederedgreatly, butthefastestgrowingIsTherawMaterialIalDustrychaschemicalIndustryAndMetallurgy.
3.TheEdevelopmentStageofHighProcessingDegreeofindustry.InthelaterstagesOfThedevelovefTheheavyChemicalIndustry, thedependenceoFindustrialdevelovenRawMaterialsHassDroppedPopped, a thethowTHREWTHTHTHERTHTHEELECTHELECTHELECTHELECTROMECHANICICULSUTRYHASCACELERIFICNIFIGNIFICTIFICTIFENTIFICTIFICTIFICTIFED.AtThistime, TheProcessingChainofrawMaterialSISGettinglongerandlonger, a internedmediateproductssaspartSandComponentSareTeToLaLustriaLoutputUlueValueValue..THEPORTIONTHASIncreasedRapidly, a IndustrialProductionHasapeared „kruhový objezd“ charakteristiky.TheincreaseInProcessinghasgreatlyinscreasedTheTechnicalContentAdDedValueofProducts, zatímco konzumace spotřebyFrawMaterialsHasinscreseddisPoportely.Proto ThedependenceoFindenceoFindustrialDevechnologyanquequipmenthasgreatlylynlyEnsased athedeeProcessingIndustry aprocesinganssemblyndustrieshavebecoMeToSportantAntIndustrieswithInTheindustiestry.
TheABovethRestages ReflectThegeNeralsituationOFindustrialStrukturalChangeSintEprocesofTraditionAlitionAndustrialization, anddotmeanthateveryCountryAndeveryregiondevelopsintSintHintHintHintHintHintHiSorder.Forexample,afterthefoundingofNewChina,undercertainhistoricalconditions,itwasfirsttoconcentrateeffortstoestablishacertainheavyindustryfoundation,andthenintheearlystageofreformandopeninguptocarryoutthe"make-uplesson"forthedevelopmentofthelightandtextileindustry,butnowitisnecessarytodriveindustrializationwithinformatization..
THESTRUCTURAGETRENDOFTHELNALNALSTRUCTURUCTUREFAGRICULTURICULURUTUREACHIndustry
Withthedevelopmentofagriculturalproductivity,theproportionofplantingindustryisdeclining,butitsproductionlevelisincreasing;theproportionofanimalhusbandryisgraduallyincreasingIncrease;forestryhasincreasinglyshiftedfromsimplyprovidingforestproductresourcestofocusingonitsenvironmentalandecologicalfunctions,andmaintainingandimprovingforestcoveragehasreceivedmoreandmoreattention;fisheryhasincreasinglyshiftedfromrelyingsolelyonfishingtomoderatefishingandfocusingonbreeding,anditsproportionhassteadilyincreased.
Úrovně
Intenzivní rozvojovárcirculationMethods.WecanactivelyintroduceanDutilizeModercirculationMethodsSaschain, moderní účast a distribuce, elektronický obchod, franchising atd..ThePACEOFTransformationtoimProveTheModerNelLevelofcirculation.
IntermsOfThedevelopmentFchainoperations, WewillPromoteTeexpansionofchainoperationStoMultipleformatsandTypesofBusinesses.IndustriessuchasbuildingMaterialSanddecoration, zprostředkovatelské služby, automobily a komunikace ampustingalypromoteanddevelopchainoperations.Podpora akalechainterpriseStousetHeadvantAgesOfbrand, komodity a podobanství, komodita a podrobí, aregionaljointJertreorganization, a propokojujeterealizaci scaleoperationoperationOfchainenterprises-scaleoperationsOfchainenterrise..SeizeHistoricalOpportUnityof „desetihousandVillagesAndtholdshipships “ConstructionProjectOfTheMinistryOfComMece, povzbudí, že má..
InthedevelopmentOfModerLogisticsandDistributionIndustry, wemustFocusonsPeedingupTheConstructionFthecity'ScirculationIndustryInfrastructurechashe "InternationalloGogisticsCenter", "CommercialLogisticsCenter" a "PharmaceuticallisticsCenter".Combiningurbandevelopmentplanning,throughassetjointprofessionaltransformation,fullyutilizeandintegrateexistinglogisticsresources,breakindustryboundariesandregionalblockades,furtherimproveanddevelopsocializedlogisticsenterprises,meetthedevelopmentneedsofvariousenterprises,andprovidecustomerswithhighefficiencyFastdeliveryservice,whileprovidingbasicsupportforthedevelopmentofe-commerce.
Inthedevelopmentofe-commerceandinformatizationconstruction, wemuststrengthengthententhegevernment'SInvestmentInNetWorkSecurity, NetworkInFrastructureConstruction, SocialCredit, Legalenvironment, online Payment atd..a astriveFormyCountry'se-CommerceplatformToBeputintooperationAssoonaspossible, iNorderTosupportTheCentralizedPurchAsingTransActionStransCoflarge-scaleCirculationIndustryChaingSopsAndTedevelofeofeofE-CommerceforsMallandmemedMelandmemedium-osizedterprises..AktivněCourAgeenterPriseSouseElectronicInformationTechnologyTorealizethetEligitition, Working a aautomation ofProcurement, Marketing, Logisticsdistribution, andServiceManagement, ImpromeCirculationEefficience a ReduceCirculationAnderServiceTechnology.
Strukturální dotaz
1.ThecruxoftheContradictionMyCountry'SprimaryIndustryLieStherelativeshortaleland, WaterAndotherResourcesAndthesiousSurplusoflabor.
Čína'sPercapitaarablelandAndAndwaterresourcesArelowerthantheworldaverage.TherearemoreSurplusLaborsinagriculture a therewillbealargenemumberOfNewGrowTHLaborsTatTeedTobeEMSuedeveryyearintheFuture.ThisMakessusFaceadifficultproblem.Duetotheshortageofresources, wemustconstantlyProvetheeefficienciencienceOfresourceutilization.ThisRequiresalotofinvestment, včetně konstrukce swaterConservancyfacibility, machineryAnquipment, síly, chemicalfertilizéry a pesticidy.ThisMakestheCoFagriculturalProductscontinUetorise a athesurplusLormakeSitDifficulttoIncreasetheperCapitapitaPilaBorProductivityofagriculture.TherisingCostandLowloworProductivityMakeitDifficulttoIncreasetheNeticomeofagriculturalproduction.Thephenomenonof "rotingProduction sWitHOutIncReaningIncome", "largeagriculturalCountIesandPorfiscalCountries" IsSstIllveryserious, asBecomeKeyeyissueForthefUrtherdeDevelofagriculture..Nadměrně, theSeasurestaKentoincreasethepricesofagriculturalProductssuchAsgrainandCotton, a „kompenzuje se„ bez.ButWHenthepricesofMaJoragriculturalProductSapproachtheinternationalMarketPrices, PeopleareFerefacedwithNewPolicychoices.INADDITIONTONINGUINGTOINTREACESEASEInVestmentagriculture, zvláště InsinscienceandTechnology, ITISONSONONESSAYTOOPEnupNewNoadsandadopTNeWMeasuress.
2.TheootoftheContradictionbetweenthelargesUpplycapacity arelativeSicentienceDemandofTeSondaryndustryiSThattheremanyfarmerSandLowincome.
TheMainIndustrialProductSandhousingPercapitainchinaareLatalowlelintheworldandHavepontienTofordEformeVevelopment.Duetothelowincomeleveloffarmers, theCommodeIthesthathavebeenPopularididicities, však vrubně havenopurchingpowerInrurarareasareasareas.
3.TheasersonsForthelowProportionofTerTiaryIndustryTryArefActorsSuchAsUnderDeveRedinFrastructureSuchastransportation, butthemostFundamentalReasonIsThatthedegreeOfurbanizationInMyCountryisNotCompatibleWithTHedegreeOfeconomicDevered.
Úpravy
1.TISPONTURTINGGINGAGICULTUREFIRSTINECONICKÁTOR, zajišťování vývoje vývoje, ancrusingFarmers'ncome.
2.Intensifytheadjustmentandtransformationoftheprocessingsides, revitalizethepillarindustries, activelycultivateNeweweweeconomicGrowthPoints.
3.Povzbuzující se acerceleratedDeveloptionFtherTerTiaryIndustry.
4.PropatiotationalDistribution aorordinordedDevelopmentFeregionaleConomy.
OptimalizaceAndupgrading
Basicrinntroduction
TheoptimizaceAndupgradingofthendustrialStructureluctureIsTeorganicunityoftherationizationAdAdVancementOftheindustrialStructure.WillianPetty (1623-1687), The FounderofbritishClassical Aconomics, FirstStudiedTheoryofindustrialStructure.BritisheconomistColinclark (1905-1989) odhalil, že PREPRIMARYIndustryESPRIMARYIDSUSTERYTOTHESECONDARYINDUSNUSTRY, ATHENTOTHETERTIARIARIARIARIARIARIARIARIARIARIARIARIARINGY.TheChangeInperCapitainCoseCuseSLORMORMOBILITY, a anthelawleadingtotheevolutionovolutionOftheindustrialStructure.AmericaNeconomistimMimonkuznets (1901—1985) FuretexploredTheeVolutionLawofialStructuctuctuRucRarifiedThegenerallawOflaborborborceAndnatioNicomedistributionChangesamongIndustries.
Industryoptimizationincludes:Structuraloptimization,advancedtechnology,cleanandsafe,highaddedvalue,strongemployabilityfivecharacteristics.
Universallaw
AllindustrialSectorsOfThenationational AconomyMustMaintainaiveProportionalRelationship.TOTOISTHEObjectiveInIVITABITABITALITALITALIZACEMASSProductionReveleDeledbymarx'sSocialCapitalReproductiontheory, AndItisthenThustrialStructure.OneofTheUniversallawSofChange.ITincludeStHreeeaspects:
(1) Teracionalizace ofindustrialStruktura, že, theKoordinacebetween industriesrealizelantheBasisofexistingTechnology.ITinvolvesthecoordinationFVariousRelationshipsbetween insidensustries, takový, costhecoordinationOrCheproportionalRelationshipBeenthevariousvestriessintesCalescaleofProduction, theimprovementofTheDegreegreeofinter-industrycorelation atd. Atd. Atd..ItalsoincludesthecoordinationOfToutputValuestructure, thecoordinationOfTechnicalStructure, thecoordinationOfTheasSetStructure a theStructureCtureFInterMedite -factors.Koordinace.
(2) The IndustrialStructureisadvanced, to je, že průmyslové strukturované vývoje od fromalowlevelToAHigHlevelAccordingTothehistoryAndLogicalsEntenceofeconomicDevelopment.VčetněTheevolutionFromiderominantPorToPorthofTHeprimaryIndustryToninantPortionofTheSondaryandtertiaryindustriesInTheentireindustrialStruktura; od toho, že jsou intenzivní-intenzivní-intenzivní-intenzivní a intenzivní.Proporcevoluce: od porovnání s příhradem, který je možné.
(3) THENITYOFRATIOLIZACE a LEVELDUSTRIALSTRUCTURURY.Teralační industrialStructurecturectureBasishorthortheadVancementOftheindustrialStructure; theadvancementofthendustrialStructureuctureCtheineVitableSultoFtherationalizationOfthendustrialStructure.Propagace theoptimalizaceAndupgradingofthestrialStructurectureiSalong-TermosTrocesofMyCountry'SeconomicandSocialdevelopment.
Rozvojové závazky
Podle notuEwtrendofworldomimicAndTechnologicalDevelologicsTequirementsOfTakingaNewroadtodustrializace, thesixteenthnationalcongressongthecommunistpartyofchinaMadeTheDeysPonopTopTimizationApGradingofTheInDundulialStRucture.AnindustrialPatterninwhichtheindustryistheforerunner, ThebasicicicindustryAndthemanufAfturingUnduryaretheretsupport, AtHeserviceIndustrySisedssivně, vyvinul.ItPointsOutTHediRectionFormyCountryTopromotetHeoptimizationAsUpgradingofthestrialStructure.The"ProposalsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonFormulatingtheEleventhFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment"adoptedbytheFifthPlenarySessionoftheSixteenthCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaclearlyputforwardtheimportanttasksandkeypointsformycountrytopromotetheoptimizationandupgradingofindustrialstructureduringthe"EleventhFive-YearPlan"period..ItWaspointeDout: „Vyvíjející se vypracování, rostoucí počáteční úhrada, a zachovává -linfrastructureCureconstructionFBasIndustriesAreimportantTasksforindustrialRestructuring.TheyistocomprehensivelyenhanceInderendentionnNonationCapabities, StrivetomasterCoreandKeyTechnologies, AndenhanceteabilityTotransfordscientificientificientificientificientificientificTechnologicalCievievements.ImprovingEoverallTechnologicalLeveloftheindustry.„„ InterregulaceOnPromotingndustrialStructuctuctureadjustment “, který byl přehled aprovedBestateCouncil'SeCutivemeetingIndecEnterolSofteofteoals, FurtherSspecifiedTheregoals..Vývoj, posilování anrimprovingmacro-control, transformingTheModeofeconomicgrowth, propagace theoptimalizaceApgradingofthendustrialStructure, andmaintingTheastingTheadyanDrapiddevelongonomyAreoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareoMareSgreatsignicancesIgnance.