Wordconcepts
Základní informace
Název: Hotel
Pinyin:lǚguǎn
Foneticky:ㄌㄩˇㄍㄨㄢˇ
Čeština: Hotel
Vysvětlení citace
Hotel,alsoreferredtoas"hotel".Inancienttimes,itreferstoahousewheretravelerscanstay.Modernandmodernrefersspecificallytocommercialaccommodationfortourists.
Báseň The SouthDynasties a Song XieLingyun "YouNanting Pavilion": "Longdysfunction, hotel má výhled na předměstí."
TangIntheQingDynasty,TangYanqian's spoem"RedLeaves":"Noční vítr vytváří hotel a chlad u mnichova pokoje."
V dynastii Čching, Sun Zhiwei,"Novoroční večeřeHanguan" báseň:"YeheichengGate"Zavřeno, hotel se rozsvítí."
The Firstact of CaoYu's "Sunrise":"Toto je čajovna hotelu, která přichází - WangFusheng."
BaJin's "CapriceRecord·Talk": "Když jsme dorazili na břeh, vagón použitý hotelovým náborem hostů se přiklonil k hotelu na SiMaRoad."
Základní význam
Přehled
Sincethe19thcentury,thefacilitiesofhotelsinsomecountrieshavebeenquitecomplete.AftertheSecondWorldWar,duetotheincreasinglydevelopedtransportation,morefrequentinternationalexchanges,andtherapiddevelopmentoftourism,moreandmorehotelswerebuiltallovertheworld.Somelarge-scalehotelnetworksownedbymultinationalgroupshavespreadallovertheworld’smajorcitiesandtouristattractions.
Hotelsarecharacterizedby"safety,economy,andhealth".Hotelsarepricedbasedonbeds,andgenerallyonebedischargedlocally.Thepriceofbuyingafastfoodisaboutone-tenthofthepriceofathree-starhotel.Theindoorequipmentissimple,withhighandlowbeds,hardmattressesandbedding,personallockerswithlocks,anduseofcollectivebathroomsandtoilets.Thehardwarerequirementsaresturdy,beautiful,practical,convenient,clean,andself-service-oriented,equippedwithwashingmachines,cafeterias,etc ., stejně jako rekreační místnosti, místnosti pro veřejné aktivity atd. a různé kulturní a sportovní aktivity lze organizovat podle vlastních charakteristik.
Anotherfeatureofhotelsistheirwidedistributionandlargenumbers.
Historický vývoj
Hotel má dlouhou historii v Číně.
Accordingtohistoricalrecords,asearlyasintheShangDynasty,therewasa"poststation",whichwasaplacewhereofficialspasseddocumentsandlivedforguests.AtthebeginningoftheWesternZhouDynasty,inordertofacilitatetheprincestopaytributeandpilgrimage,theguesthouseswereextensivelybuiltontheroadtothecapital.Theofficialalso".Guestsreceivedifferentreceptionsaccordingtotheirtitles.Thisisactuallyakindof"officiallyrun"hotel.
DuringtheSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesPeriod,duetotheprosperityofcommerceandthedevelopmentoftransportation,"civil"hotelsgraduallyroseup.Thesehotelswereoriginallycalled"inns"or"inns",regardlessofboardandlodging,mainlyforbusinessmen.
V dynastii WesternHan byl rozsah hotelů rozšířen.Chang'an, hlavní město dynastie WesternHan, bylo poseto chodbami a domy. Nebyli zde veřejně „krajská sídla“, bývalí zpěváci z celého světa, a „barbarští rezidence“ pro zahraniční hosty.
Accordingtothe"BookofOldTang·TheBookofEmperorTaizong":AfterEmperorTaizongascendedthethrone,thesystemofpilgrimageforlandlordofficialswasrestored.Inordertofacilitatetheaccommodationofofficials,heorderedtheconstructionof"morethan300residences".Atthattime,landandwaterpostroadscrisscrossed,andtherewasapostevery30miles.Thereare1,639poststationsacrossthecountry,withthecapitalChang’anasthecenterpostroad,extendinginalldirections.
Later,another"ToweringKhanRoad"wasbuiltinethnicminorityareas,and68poststationswereaddedalongthewaytoprovidemealsandlodgingforthemessengers.Ienviedtheappearanceofaspecialcertificateforpostsmadeofsilvermedals.Atthattime,accordingtothenationalityorethnicityoftheguests,nationalhotelsweresetup,andtheDiankeOfficeunderHonghuTemplewasresponsibleforthereceptionanddelivery.
IntheYuanDynasty,hotelshavebecomeoneofthemostprosperousindustries,andevenroyalhotelshaveappeared.
DuringtheMingandQingDynasties,"post"wascalled"Huitongguan"inBeijing.IntheearlyyearsofGuangxu,Beijinghadatotalof367guildhalls.After1927,touristhotelsspecializinginreceivingforeigntouristsappearedinbigcitiessuchasShanghaiandBeijing.Atthesametime,alargenumberofpeoplewithwarmandthoughtfulservicealsoappeared.
In1909,aGermanteachernamedRichardSchmanledagroupofstudentsonahikingtrip.Inheavyrain,theycouldonlyusestrawasabedinaruralschool.Spentadifficultnight.Theteacherwhostayedupallnighthastheideaofestablishingahoteltoprovideaccommodationforyoungpeople.
RichardSchermanadvocatesthatyoungpeoplegooutofschoolandgetclosetonature.Hesaid:"Allboysandgirlsshouldgooutofschool,takepartinhiking,stayinyouthhotels."Helobbiedaroundwiththisidea,andwasfinallyacceptedbythepeople.
In1912,theworld’sfirstyouthhostelwasborninanabandonedcastleinGermany.Theequipmentissimple,withloftbeds,hardmattressesandbeddings,personallockerswithlocks,smalltablesandchairs,publicbathroomsandtoilets,andsomealsohavecafeteriasandpublicactivityrooms.Ithasbeenwidelywelcomedbyyoungpeople.Onlyoneyearlater,therewere83youthhostelswithatotalof21,000beds.By1997,theInternationalYouthHostelFederationhad65membercountriesaroundtheworld,with4,500youthhotels,32.82millionbedsand3.5millioninternationalmembers.Today,youthhostelshavebecometheworld’slargestaccommodationchainorganization,andthereare10millionyoungtouristsintheworldusingyouthhostels.
In1961,theUNESCOapprovedthebluetriangleinternationalroadsigncomposedoffirtreesandhousesspecificallytodesignatethewaytotheyouthhotel.Theoriginalimportedyouthhotelmembershipcard(HIcard)isabitshabbycomparedtothespecificationsweimagined.It'sjustahardpaperthesizeofabusinesscard,anditdoesn'tevenhaveaplasticfilmlikeanordinarycertificate.AndthisreflectsIYHF'senvironmentalprotectionconcept,aslongasthethingsthatarechangedeveryyearareguaranteednottobedamagedeveryyear.
"Therealyouthhotelguestswalkorridebicycles,cooktheirownmeals,giveuplargeandcomfortablehotels,andchoosesmallandsimpleyouthhotels.Thisisaromanticidealisticviewoftourism.Atthistime,youabsolutelyneedtodoeverythingyourself."
Cookingyourself:Everyyouthhotelhasalargekitchen,variouspots,bowls,ladles,pots,knives,Useforksandspoonsfreely,andthefaucetprovidesbothcoldwaterandhotwater.Thekitchenissurroundedbyvariousstovesandseverallarge-capacityrefrigeratorsforbackpackers.Youcanputthebread,milk,steak,meatandvariousvegetables,drinks,condiments,etc.youboughtinthesupermarket.Inordertopreventthefoodfrombeingtakenbymistakeorthefoodbeingleftforalongtimeaftertheguestsleave,youthhotelsgenerallyrequiregueststoputtheirownfoodinplasticbags,andputanoteinit,indicatingtheirname,roomnumberandthedateofpurchaseofthefood.Andcleantherefrigeratoronceaweek.Anoperatingplatforminthemiddleofthekitchencanbeusedbymultiplepeopleatthesametime.Inaddition,inacertainplaceinthekitchen,therearealsovariouscondimentsprovidedbyyouthhostelsforguestsfreeofcharge.Evenflourisalsoprovidedfreeofcharge.Ifyouarelucky,sometimestherewillbeafreesupplyofvegetables.
Doyourownlaundry:Everyyouthhotelhasalaundryroom,andthewashingmachineanddryerinthelaundryroomcanbeusedcasually.Whenwashingclothes,justthrowinaone-yuancoin.
Ownsheets:Mostbackpackerstravelwiththeirsleepingbagsontheirbacks,orbringtheirownsheets.Ifnot,youcanrentbedsheetsandblanketsprovidedbythehotel.
Findyourownway:Therearebluesignsontheroadtoguideyoualltheway.Someyouthhotelsareunmanaged.Whenevertheycome,theypickupabedandgotosleep,andgotothenearbypostofficetopaythemoneybeforeleavingthenextday.
China’sfirstinternationalyouthhostelwasbuiltinOctober1998anditslocationisGuangzhou.Injusttwoyears,19internationalyouthhostelshavebeenestablishedacrossChina.Thisisstillrelativelysmallcomparedtothe4,500intheworld,butourdevelopmentisfast.Someexpertsbelievethatwiththefurtherformationofyouthhostelnetworking,Withtheadditionofnewtouristgroupssuchasfamilytravelandseniortravel,Chinawillbecomethecountrywiththemostyouthhotels.
Složení
Thehoteliscomposedofaresidentialpart,apublicactivitypart,amanagementpartandapowerpart.Somelargehotelshaveseparatefoodandbeveragesections.
Obytná část
Includingguestrooms,toilets,bathroomsandservicefacilities,itisthemainbodyofthehotel.Thenumberofroomsandthenumberofbedsisthebasicunitofmeasurementinahotel.Thestandardoftheguestroomincludesthenetareaofeachroom,thenumberofbedsandthestandardofsanitaryequipment(bathroom,toilet).Thelowerstandardsaremulti-bedrooms(generallynotmorethan4beds)andsharedtoiletsandbathrooms;thehigherstandardsaremainly2beds,equippedwithadedicatedbathroomandtoilet;thehigherstandardsaresingle-bedroomswithalivingroombesidesthebedroom,Restaurantsandothersuites.
Část veřejná činnost
Prostor pro veřejnou činnost a zařízení pro cestující, jako je vstupní hala, vstupní hala, salonek, recepce, obchod, zasedací místnost, servisní pulty, pošty, banky, cestovní kanceláře, zařízení pro kulturní zábavu a sport, restaurace, bary, taneční sály atd.
Část řízení
Themanagementpartincludesbusiness,financialandadministrativeoffices,telephoneswitchboardsandvariouswelfareroomsforemployees,variouswarehouses,andlaundryrooms,Cargarage(dividedintohotelmanagementgarageandguestparkinggarage,thelatterisgenerallynotincludedinthehotelbuildingarea.
powerpart
powerThepartincludespowerequipmentanditscontrolroom.
Typ
Úvod
Hoteltypescanbedividedintofamilyhotels,holidayhotels,conferencehotels,motelsandguesthousesEtc..
Rodinná kategorie
Thefamilyhotelisbasedontheoriginalresidence.Inordertoimprovethescaleandgradeofthefamilyhotel,thefamilyhoteladoptsthemanagementof"company+farmer"Inthisway,thecompanywasregisteredandestablishedundertheleadershipofthecommunitylaborunion,andtheregulationsandstar-levelmanagementstandardsforfamilyhotelswereformulatedinaccordancewiththemodernenterprisesystem.Onthebasisofthestar-ratedfamilyhotels,thestandardsofcivilizedandhonestfamilyhotelswereformulated.Safety,priceandserviceareregulated,andunifiedmanagement,unifiedstandards,andunifiedidentificationareimplemented.Forexample,SanyaYejingzhuFamilyHotel,SanyaSummerStyleBoutiqueApartment,GulangyuTimeSeaInn,etc.,undertheImpressionSeaHotelManagementCompany,arein-houseIntermsofhardwareconstruction,itisrequiredtodoagoodjobininfrastructurefacilitiesandfinedecoration,toimproveenvironmentalsanitation,hardening,greeningandlighting,basicallytobeevergreeninallseasons,andthereareflowersinthreeseasons,creatingagoodtourismenvironment.
Familyhotelsmainlyservetouristsonholidaysorweekends,andmostofthemarebuiltinseasideandscenicareas.Thistypeofhotelhassimplerfacilities,fewerserviceitems,andstrongseasonality.
Meetingsh3>
Speciallyusedformeetings,therearelargeandsmallmeetingrooms,andsomearealsoequippedwithsimultaneousinterpretationandaudiovisualfacilitiesrequiredforinternationalmeetings.Conferencehotelsshouldhavefacilitiesthatmeettheneedsofmeetings,suchasexhibitions,Newsreports,audioandvideorecording,copyingandotherfacilities.
Automobily
Mostofthemarebuiltnearthemainhighwaysfortheaccommodationofpassengersdrivingtheircars.Themainfacilitiesareguestroomsandrestaurants.Theguestroomsareequippedwithaplacetoparkcars.Mostofthelocationsareclosetotheguestrooms.Guestsintheroomscanseetheircars.Therestaurantsprovidemealsforresidentsandalsoserveguestswhodonotstay.Thistypeofhotelismorepopularincountrieswithdevelopedroadtraffic.Many.
Penziony
Generally,theyarenon-profit,notopentotheoutsideworld,andaremostlyusedbyacertainorganizationforreception.Thenationaltaxationislessthanthatofordinaryhotels,thechargesarelower,andthestandardsareaverage.
"Kreativní" kategorie
¤GiraffeManor
Onasunnymorning,whenyousleepy-eyedsittingatthetableWhileenjoyingdeliciouscroissantsandfreshorangejuice,agiraffe’snecksuddenlycametoyouthroughthewindow.Itwouldbeshockedtosharetheorangejuicewithyou,butthisisnotafairytale.It’safamilyinKenya."GiraffeHotel",thissceneItcanhappen.
AtthefootofMountKilimanjaroinKenya,thereisahotelcalled"GiraffeManor".Atotalof8Rothschildgiraffesliveonthe57hectaresofthemanor.Thesebigguysare5metersawayandweighuptotwotons.Thisgiraffeisarareanimalandwasonceonthebrinkofextinction.
The"GiraffeManor"wasfoundedtohousetheseendangeredgiraffes.Byallowingtouriststofeedthem,itcanalsomakemorepeopleawareoftheimportanceoflivinginharmonywithnatureandprotectingwildanimals.
Therearenotmanyroomsin"GiraffeManor",butitcanprovidetouristswithafullrangeoffood,lodgingandtransportationservices.Ofcourse,thepricehereiscomparabletoafive-starhotel.
¤Vězeňský hotel
Thereisa"prisonhotel"inthecharmingcityofLucerneinSwitzerland.Thisisahotelconvertedfromaprison.Builtin1860,aftertwoexpansions,itwasconvertedintoahotelin1998andopenedforbusiness.
The"prisonhotel"hasmaintaineditsoriginallayoutinmanyplaces.Thedooroftheroomfollowsthestyleofaprisondoor:thethickwoodendoorhasasmallwoodenwindowforvisiting,butithasnowbeensealed.Iopenedthedoorandfoundtwosmalltallwindowsequippedwithironfences.Atnight,moonlightpenetratedthroughthesmallwindowsandsprinkledonthefloor.Itwasquietandcold,anditreallyfeltlikeanauthenticprison!
Cena tohoto hotelu je poměrně nízká, pouze 50 švýcarských franků (325 juanů) může zůstat ve „vězení“ jednu noc. Když se dostanete do Švýcarska, můžete zažít, jaké to je dostat se do vězení v cizí zemi.
¤CraneHotel
Thereisaunique"CraneHotel"intheworldneartheDutchtownofHarlingen,whichislocatedonthecoastoftheWaddenSea.Itwasconvertedfromaharbourcrane.Thehigh-altitudecabofthecraneistheonly"guestroom"ofthehotel.
Enteringthe"guestroom"isabittroublesome.Youneedtotakeanelevatorfromthegroundtothemid-airplatform,andthentransfertoanotherelevatortoreachtheroom.The"guestroom"hasadoublebed,twochairs,anopenkitchen,andabathroomwithashower.Thesound,lightingandsoundeffectsintheroomcanallbeoperatedthroughatouchscreen.
Thebiggesthighlightofthishotelisthatyoucanmanipulatethecontrollerbyhandtorotateacraneweighingdozensoftonsby360degrees.It’sapitythatthecrane’scabhaslimitedspace.Therefore,thishotelcanonlyaccommodatetwovisitorsatthesametime.Thepriceis319eurospernight,whichisreallyexpensive,butaccordingtovisitorswhohavestayed,the"CraneHotel"isdefinitelyworthatry..
Umístění
Thelocationofthehotelmainlyconsiderstheenvironmentandtraffic.
životní prostředí
Hotelslocatedincitiesshouldbeabletofacilitatetravelerstounderstandtheessenceofthecity,thecharacteristicsoftheregion,andtheuseofthecity’spublicfacilities.Touristhotelslocatedinscenicspotsshouldbeconvenientfortouriststowatchandvisit,butshouldpayattentiontoenvironmentalprotectionandmakethescenicspotsbetter.Inordertoavoiddamagingthelandscapeofthescenicarea,thesiteismainlylocatedoutsidethescenery.
Přeprava
Thelocationofthehotelshouldconsiderconvenienttransportation,anditshouldnotbetoofarawayfromthestation,terminalandairport.Thehotelisadistributioncenterforalargenumberofvehiclesandpeople,andtherearealargenumberofgoodsenteringandexiting,andalargenumberofvehiclesareparked.Thesesituationsshouldbeproperlyconsideredwhenselectingalocationtoavoidcongestioninthecity.Hotelsconsumealotofwater,electricity,fuel,foodanddailynecessities,sotheyshouldbepurchasedandsuppliedlocallyasmuchaspossible.
Návrhové body
Thehotelservespassengersandmustmakethemfeelcomfortable,convenientandsafe.Fromenteringthegate,goingthroughtheformalities,passingthroughtheaisles,elevatorstothelivingroom,aswellasrest,dining,etc.,thetransportationroutemustbesimpleandsmooth.Thedesignrequirescarefulconsiderationandcarefulconsiderationofallthedetailsthatareconvenientforpassengers.Forexample,makeiteasyfortravelerstofindinformationdesks,checkoutoffices,bars,restaurants,andelevators.Inordertocreateacomfortableandbeautifulindoorandoutdoorenvironment,theindoortemperatureandhumidity,ventilation,artificiallighting,naturallighting,furnitureandfurnishings,architecturaldecorationandcolormustbecoordinated.Therefore,thebasicprincipleofhoteldesignistosolvetheproblemsoftourists'activityneedsandtheconvenienceofprovidingservices.
Design pokoje pro hosty
Theguestroomisthemainbodyofthehotel.Theprincipleofguestroomdesignistobequiet,comfortable,safe,completewithfacilities,andconducivetocleanlinessandhygiene.Thescaleandstyleofthefurnitureshouldbecoordinatedwiththesizeandshapeoftheguestroom.Thesizeoftheguestroomdependsonthehotellevelandfurnishingstandards.Accordingtothebedsetting,itisdividedintosingle-bedrooms,twin-bedrooms,suiterooms,superiorsuiterooms,etc.Themostcommonlyusedistwin-bedrooms.Mostmotelshavetwodouble-bedroomsineachunitforthewholefamilytotravelforthreeorfourpeople.Thesizeoftheguestroomisrelatedtothesizeofthebed.Thenetlivingareaoftheguestroom(excludingthebathroomandpassage)isgenerallyabout20squaremeters,whichcanbeincreasedordecreasedaccordingtotheactualsituation.Thedesignofthebathroomshouldbeconsideredforeaseofcleaningandmaintenance.Thecorridorsofguestroomsshouldbeeasilyaccessibletostairsandelevators,andsafeevacuationdirectionsandexitsshouldbespecifiedinaccordancewithregulations.
Design restaurace
Inordertomeetthedifferenttastesoftravelersfromallovertheworld,largehotelshavesetupavarietyofrestaurants,mainlyinsmallandmedium-sizedrestaurants,payattentiontodiningenvironment.Therestaurantshouldnotbetoofarawayfromtheguestroom,anditisbestnottowalkthroughthefoyerwhengoingfromtheguestroomtotherestaurant.Thelocationofthekitchenshouldbecloselyconnectedtothediningroom,butitshouldbemoreconcealed.Thekitchendesignshouldbehygienic.Thediningroomshouldbeseparatedfromthediningroomtopreventsmellandnoisefrompenetratingintothediningroom.Theneedsofpassengerseatingintheguestroomshouldbeconsidered.ThesupplyrouteshouldnotbeShouldbeincontactwithguests.Beveragesareanimportantsourceofincomeforhoteloperations,anditismoreconvenientfortouriststosetupbarsinascatteredwaythaninacentralizedway.
Design prádelny
Largehotelshavealargeamountoflaundry,andthelaundryroomsaregenerallysetupseparately.Theconvenienceofcontactshouldbeconsidered,anditcanbelocatedinthebasement.
Cargaragedesign
Theconstructionrequirementsofthegarageareproposedbythemunicipalmanagementdepartment.Inadditiontothecarsusedinthehotel’sbusiness,thegarageshouldalsoprovideparkingspacesforpassengersorfortaxis.Tobuildnewhotelsinoldcitiesthatlackcargarages,someparkingspacescanbeallocatedforrentinthegaragetoincreaseincome.
Design stránek pro parkování kol
Alargehoteloftenhasthousandsofservicepersonnel.Atpresent,manyChinesehotelstaffandvisitorsusebicyclesfortransportation.tool.Therefore,largeandmedium-sizedhotelsmustdesignbicyclestorageshedsorleaveenoughparkingspacesintheoveralllayout.
Výkon a design mechanického vybavení
Modernhotelsneedtoprovideaperfectman-madeenvironment.Tothisend,itmusthaveahugepowerandmechanicalfacilities,aswellascontrolsystems,includingwatersupply,drainage,powertransmission,transformation,airconditioning,heating,telephoneexchanges,varioustypesoftelevisions,fireprevention,anti-theftautomaticmonitoringsystemsandcomputer-controlledgroupcontrolElevatorandsoon.Thesefacilitiesmustbecarefullyarranged.
Vývojový trend
Theinternationaltrendofhotelconstructionistodeveloptowardshigh-rise,large-scale,high-standard,complex(ieshops,hotels,offices,apartments,etc.),andstrivetoIncreasetheprofitablepartofpublicactivities.Intermsoffacilities,wevigorouslyuseadvancedscienceandtechnologytocreateidealindoorandoutdoorenvironmentstoimprovemanagement.Forexample:useair-conditioningequipment,tightenclosurestructures,equipmenttopreventorreducenoiseinterference(includingsoundabsorption,soundinsulation,andmufflerdevices)tokeeptheroomquiet,freshair,andsuitabletemperature;usethegroupprogramtocontroltheelevatorfastPickupanddropoffpassengers;usemultifunctionalandefficienttelephonesandteletypewriterstokeepinclosecontactwithallovertheworld;installasmallsafeatthegeneralservicedesktostorevaluablesforpassengers;useelectronictechnologytomanageguestrooms(includingreservations,reception,checkout,etc.)Business)inordertoimproveworkefficiencyandroomutilization;usetelemetrymonitorstopreventthefttoensurepassengersafety;setupfiresensorstoalarmintimeandautomaticallyextinguishfiresintheeventofafire.