Klasifikace
Accordingtothenature,itcanbedividedintoadvancedempiricalmaterialsandadvancedempiricalmaterials.
Accordingtothecontent,itcanbedividedintocomprehensiveexperiencematerialsandspecificexperiencematerials.
Accordingtothepurpose,itcanbedividedintotheexperiencematerialsreportedbythesubordinatestothesuperiorsandtheexperiencematerialsforwardedbythesuperiorsasofficialdocumentsorprintedanddistributedatthemeetingforpromotion.
Struktura
Headingsaredividedintosingle-lineheadingsanddouble-lineheadings.One-lineheadingscanbedividedintodirectnarrative,symmetrical,andquestioning.Directheadingsdirectlyindicatethethemeandsummarizethecontent,suchas"DoIdeologicalandPoliticalWorkAccordingtoLawsandRegulations";symmetricalheadingsusesymmetricalsentencestoindicatethethemeandsummarizethecontent,suchas"Correctingperspectivestoseesoldiersadvancingwiththetimesandeducatingtalents";Thestyleheadlineusestheformofquestioningtoindicatethethemeandsummarizethecontent,suchas"HowWeDoWellintheCompetitiveWorkofSection-levelCadres".Thetwo-linetitleiscomposedofacombinationofthemaintitleandthesubtitle,suchas"TheMysteryoftheEconomicSoaringof"TheFirstCountyofChina"—TheSuccessfulPracticeofXXCountyLeadersinDevelopingtheTownshipEconomy.Two-lineheadingsareoftenusedintheexperiencematerialsrecommendedbytheunit,orreportedforforwarding.
Introduction,thecontentoftheintroductiongenerallyincludesthreeaspects.Thefirstisthebasicsituationofrelevantunitsorindividuals.Thesecondistohighlyrefinetheintroducedexperience.Thethirdistheachievementsandhonorsobtained.
Themainbody,themainbodyisthespecificdevelopmentoftheexperiencesummarizedatthebeginning,andisthemainpartoftheexperiencematerial.Thispartgenerallyincludespractice,effectivenessandexperience.
-,thereisnofixedrequirementinthewritingoftheendoftheexperiencematerial,itisoptional.Theendingisasummaryoftypicalexperiences,emphasizingdeepeningpeople'simpression.Thereareroughlythreedifferentwaysofwritingtheendingofempiricalmaterials,namely,dialectical,experientialandenlightening.Asanoralintroduction,theexperiencematerialsgenerallyhavetoend,andwriteavisionforthefutureandexpresstheirdetermination.Theendoftheexperiencematerialshouldbeshortandstrong.
Rozdíly
Speakingofcontent,thecontentoftheworksummaryiscomprehensive,notonlyaffirmingtheresults,butalsopointingouttheproblems;theexperiencematerialsnotonlyfocusontheresults,butalsoincludetheresults.Themostquintessential,shining,anduniquethingsarerefined.
Intermsofreference,thereferenceoftheworksummaryistheworkplan,arrangementanddeploymentatthebeginningoftheperiod.Itisacomparisonofoneselfwithoneselfandaverticalcomparison;thereferenceoftheexperiencematerialisthesameindustryandthesametypeofgroup,Istocompareyourselfwithothers,isahorizontalcomparison.
Intermsoffunction,theworksummaryismainlywrittenformyselfandthesuperior;theexperiencematerialsaremainlywrittenforothersandcolleaguestoguidethefuturework.Experiencematerialsaredeeper,moreunique,andmorecondensedthanworksummaries.("AppliedWriting",2008Issue9)
Psací dovednosti
1.Musí být úplná struktura
ThestructureformoftypicalexperiencematerialsshouldgenerallybeIt'slikethis:
1.Název;2.Předmluva;3.Podnadpis první části.
Předmluva.Někteří rádi píší jeden, dva a tři přímo pod titulky.
První úroveň; druhá úroveň; třetí úroveň; atd.
Druhá a třetí část mají také stejnou strukturu.
Thewholematerialneedsmorethanthreeparts.Therearemostlyfourparts,andthreepartshaveasenseofthinness.Towritetypicalempiricalmaterialswithsuchasenseofform,butalsotothinkaboutthebalanceofweightsamongthevariouspartsandlevels.Someofthemcannotbetoolong,andsomeareverysmall.Ofcourse,notonlythetypicalempiricalmaterialsmusthaveacompletestructure,butothermaterialsshouldbeconsideredforstructuralbeautybeforewriting.
Za druhé, hloubkové vyšetřování, velký počet situací z první ruky, které by měly být zvládnuty
Accurateandalargenumberoffirst-handsituationsaretheprerequisitesforwritingtypicalexperiencematerials.
Whenconductinginvestigations,wemustfirstdrawupthethemeoftheexperiencematerials,anddigoutandfindthematerialsaroundthetheme.Therearealsosurveyswithouttopics.Beforetheinvestigation,therewasonlyageneraldirection.Forexample,theleadersconfessedthattherelationshipbetweenofficersandsoldiersofacertainunitisdoingwell.Letmetakealookandsummarize.However,itisnotclearwhatkindofexperiencetosumuponthesubject,orthereisnoideaatallbeforehand.Theideaofsummarizingexperiencearisesaftertheinvestigation.OrIwastryingtounderstandotherthings,butintheprocessofunderstanding,Ifeltthattheexperienceinacertainaspectwasgood,soathemecameintobeing.
Generallyspeaking,writingtypicalexperiencematerialsandconductinginvestigationsshouldbepurposefulandsubject.Inthisway,itisconducivetoconductinginvestigationsandcanimprovetheefficiencyofinvestigations.
Zatřetí, musíme se hluboce zamyslet a nastavit téma.
Thethememustbefocusedandclear.Nottoobigortoobroad.Forexample,whetheritisapartycommittee,abranchorateamofpartymembers,itcannotbecalledpartyorganizationbuildingingeneral;isitaboutsupervisionorunityandstudyinsteadofpartycommitteebuilding;itisaboutlawanddisciplineeducationorideologicaleducation,anditcannotbecalledpoliticaleducationingeneral.
Thethememustmeettherequirements.Justsummarizeandrefinewhatisneededatthemoment,andcan'trepeatoldthemes.Thesamematerialandthesamemethodcanextractdifferentthemes.Forexample,160Hospital'sdeedsofrecruitingtalentsthroughentrustedpersonnelagencymethodscanberegardedasawaytosolvethecontradictionbetweentalentsupplyanddemand,anditcanberegardedasamanifestationofcouragetoinnovate.Therefore,itisnecessarytorefinethethemefromtheheightofthetimes,andtheextractedthememusthaveaguidingeffectonthecurrent.
Thethemeshouldbebasedonactualwork.Thethememustbeextractedfromtheactualwork,anditcannotbedivorcedfromthefactsinordertoextractanewtheme,anditmustnotbefakeandempty.
Four,itisnecessarytodesigncarefullyandplanthelayout.
Theinvestigationisdone,thesituationismastered,thethemeisclear,andthebeautyoftheformthatshouldbeknownisalsoknown.Thenextstepistocarefullydesign,Howtowritethewholematerial,setupagoodshelf.
Firstofall,themajortopicandthetopicofeachpartmustbedetermined,andthemajortopicmustclearlyexpressthetheme.Eachpartofthetopicshouldbelistedaroundthebigtopic,playaroleinsupportingthebigtopic,decomposingthebigtopic,andexpressingthetheme.Eachpartofthetopic,inmostcases,isaparallelrelationship,thatis,tocompletethesupportandreflectionofthebigtopicandthethemefromdifferentsides.Therearealsonotparallelrelationships,butprogressiverelationshipsoracombinationofseveralrelationships.Themajortopicandeachpartofthetopicshouldbenovelandunique,reflectthecharacteristicsofthework,andbeabletoleaveanimpression.Itisnotonlysimpleandclear,butalsorichinoperabilityandgeneralguidance.
Secondly,whatshouldbewritteninthebigpreface,whatshouldbewrittenineachpartofthesmallpreface,eachpartisdividedintoseverallevels,eachlevelintroduceswhatpractices,havecarefullyconsideredit,andlistedtheoutline.Theprefaceistheoverallpackageoftheentirematerial,anditmustbeabletomakepeopleunderstandwhatthematerialisaboutafterreadingit.Therefore,theremustbecontentsuchasthebasisforthepracticeandtheeffectofthepractice.Thesmallprefaceisthecontentofthissection,anditservestoexplainthereasonwhyitisnecessarytodoso.Introducingthefollowingfunctions,wenolongertalkabouteffects,buttalkaboutgoalsandintentions.Eachpartisdividedintodifferentlevelsandshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothematerialcapacity.Largecapacitymustbedivided,andsmallcapacitydoesnotneedtobedivided.Ifyouwanttodividethelevel,eachlevelmusthaveasubtitle,anditshouldbebasicallysymmetrical.
Thirdly,thepurposeofcarefullyplanningthearticleistomakethefulltextcloselyrevolvearoundthetheme,andallmaterialsareorganizedcloselyaroundthethemeofperformance.Can'tmakeitfree.Therefore,throughthedesignofthearticle,itisnecessarytoensurethatthewholematerialhasatheme;eachparthasarelativelyindependentpointofview,andtheserelativelyindependentpointsofviewaredevelopedaroundthetheme,expressingthethemefromdifferentsides.
Za páté, získat dovednosti v oblasti psaní
Whenweusuallyreadsomematerials,wemayfeelthatthecontentisverygood,butitlooksmorelaborious,awkward,andawkward.Thereasonisthatsomeoftheessentialsandtechniquesofwritinghavenotbeenmastered.Writingskillsarethecarrierofthetheme'sideas,experienceandpractices,andsometechniquesofgoodwritingshouldbepaidattentionto.
Oneistheskillsoflanguageuse.①Sentencesshouldnotbetoolong,andcanbeasshortaspossible.Itisnotaboutaddingafewmorepunctuationmarks,butshorteningthesentencebychangingthewayofexpression.②Thetermsshouldbeasappropriateaspossible,andnottoobig,suchasrevolutionaryconsciousness,contributingtocommunism,etc.Ifyouusetoomuch,itwilleasilymakepeoplefeeldivorcedfromreality.③Thesubjectshouldbeconsistentbeforeandafter,andshouldnotbechangedtoofrequently.④Payattentiontothelogicalrelationshipbetweensentences.Sentencesandsentencesmustbeconnectedbyacertainlogicalrelationship.Thereisaparallelrelationship,suchas:unifyingthinking,raisingawareness,andstrengtheningconfidence.Synonymous,usedtoemphasize,exaggerate,andcreatemomentum,suchascopperpeasthatarenotsteamed,cooked,smashed,orfried;suchasobeyingordersandobeyinginstructions.Thereisacoherentrelationship,arrangedinacertainorderbeforeandafter,notchaotic.Suchas:openthedoor,starttheignition,andstartingear.Thereisaprogressiverelationship,suchas:thebeautyoftheworldismorethanChu,thebeautyofChuisMoChenli,andthebeautyofthecourtisthesonofMoRuochen.Thereareexplanations,suchas:Concordecrash,113peoplewerekilled,therewere100passengers,9crewmembers,and4hotelstaff.Therearecausalrelationships.Forexample,becauseofthestrictimplementationoftheresponsibilitysystem,variousaccidentcaseshavebeenfundamentallycontrolled.Iftheserelationshipsareusedproperly,theywillbesmooth.
Thesecondisthetransitionskills,butalsotheskillsofthelinkbetweenthepreviousandthenext.Itisoftenseenthat"ourapproachisasfollows",thismethodisratherstupidanduseless,whichistantamounttononsense.Therearealso"thefollowingthreemethodshavebeenadopted"andsoon.Naturallawshouldbeusedasmuchaspossible.InMaoZedong'spoem"MiyuanChunxue","therearesomanycharmingmountainsandmountains,attractingcountlessheroestobendtheirwaists",itisasentencethatconnectsthepreviousandthenext,andthetransitionisveryclever.AlthoughitisdifficultforustowritetransitionsentencesseamlesslylikeMaoZedong,weshouldtryourbesttobenatural.Forexample,"Althoughwehaveachievedresults,wemustcontinuetoworkhard.Oneneed,twoneeds",etc.,arenaturaltransitions.
Thethirdistheskillofthetopic.Therearealsoskillsinwheretowriteandenterthetopic.Inthisrespect,itcanbedividedinto:relevanttothetopicfromtherealproblem;fromtheideologicalunderstandingtothetopic;fromthepracticalenlightenmenttothetopic;fromtheintroductiontothetopic.
Fourthisthetechniqueofconcludingsentences.Theconclusioniscritical.Iftheconclusionisnotgood,itwillfeelunsatisfactory,sudden,andwrong.Concludingsentencescomeinmanyforms,intermsofreflectingtheeffectsoftheexperienceandpracticesintroducedinthematerial,thereareseveral:oneisageneralconclusion,commonlyusedexpressionssuchastounifyeveryone’sunderstanding;througheducation,everyonehasimprovedEnlightenmentandsoon.Thiswayofconcludingsentencesisageneralizationoftheauthor,withtheauthor'ssubjectivecolor.Thesecondistoexpresstheconcludingsentence,manycomradessaid;everyoneagreed;so-and-sotalkedaboutinthediscussion;so-and-sowroteandsoon.Thethirdisaction-orientedconclusions,suchaswritingaletterofdeterminationandadvocacy;changingacertainpractice,increasingtheinputofpeople,talents,andmaterials;carryingoutactivities,etc.Thefourthistheconclusionoftheleader'spraise,suchaswhichlevelofaffirmationhasbeenreceived.Butnomatterwhatkindofconclusion,itmustrespondtothetheme,reflectthetheme,andstrengthenthetheme.