Pojem
ExistentialisttherapycanbereredToasanIntellecTualutionOfterapyPracticeoraphilosophyFollowedbytherapists, becauseeeeeeeeaseelapytherapyisnotanindentschoolopterapy, nositaspecialtreatTechniquatcancancancancancancanclethemodelelelelelelel.Onieviethattrueexistencescloselyrelatedtothethedimensionsionsionsofthepast, přítomnost a future.Existentialpsychotherapestsregard: -TepastisregardedastherealMofTheBiologicalfield, andnow-of-outBelongStothesocialplace, athelselffield-theWorldoftheIndividual-relationshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshipshiphip.OnicriticizedtheschoanalyticschoolforBeinglitedTothepastandPresent, ThebiologicalfieldThelffield a thereErocannotreallysolvethepprobloblemblemblemblemblemProbblemblemblemPloblembblembblembblembblembblembblembblembblemPloblemPloblemPloblemPloblemProbloblemProbloblemProblemProbloblemProbloblemProbloblem.
Smith (Vandeurzen-Smith, 1988) ukazoval, že je možné, žeexistenceofConsultationSnotTreatPatientsUnderThetraditionMedicalModel, athepartiesarenottreatedspatients; onthecontrary, ThepartiesAreDisedtohavelifeProblemss.Forsmith, TheasSistanceneededBytheClientistoAsseSesSeshecurrentLifesituation afindtheBestlifestylethatsuitshim.ThemaingoalofTreatmentistoMotivateTetClientToConfirtirchirCheiroptions amakeachoiceahongthtem.OnCetheClientStartStanderStandPossivelytheyeControlledBytheenVironment, oni sekanbegintocondicallychangethetheirlives.
Zástupce
Frankl
Franklwasastudentoffreud, který se vydal na psychoanalytikumpsychiatrycareer.Později HewasInfluedBytHeworkSofExistentPhilosophersAndBegandevelodevelodeHisownSeafElistantPhilosophyandpsychoanalyticherapy.ITSBASICCONCEPTSIncludeFreedom, odpovědnost, význam, apursuitofValue.HealSodeveloveredMeaningTherapytheeksformeaningToheal.Lookitfrank'swork, itisNotdifficultThindThathatiSthemeis ".„FrankPointhetOuttHatModernpeopleTethetoolSoflife, buttheyhavenomeaningInlife.WhEoplearenolongerbusywitHoutineaffairsorwork, oni, conoftenexperiencethatthesymplomomosOfourtimeameameaningles."ThePurposeofTreatmenTmentistoenCouragePepletoDiscoverTheManingand apurposeoflifeThroughExternafAffairs, bolest, workandlove (Frankl, 1965).
RollMay (Rollmay)
RollMayisoneofTheSpSerSonsofexistentialismFromeuropetotheunitedStates.HISWRITINGSHAVEIMPORTSPORTANTIMPLIKACEFORAMERICANEXISTENTYTRETNACEPRACTIACES.Významný dopad."Existence: Anewfieldofpsychopatologyandpsychology" IshisimportantworktointroduceexilismusTotheunitedStates.Rollomebelievesthat požadavek „existence“, Anhourchoicesdeterminewhowecome.DeepiNourhearts, tam bude BUILLBESTRUGLESANDWARSFOMTIMETOTIME.Přestože WewantTopursuematurity anderependence, wealsoknowtHathiskindofExpansionisusUsusApAinfulFrocess.Proto wellingerinthestrugglebetheentheshesenseofsecurity, když owerededredenta a jojoyanPainProwurSusing s.
JamesBugent (Jamesbugental)
Inthebook „theartofpsychotherapists“, BergenttalDescretaSLife-měnící se měnící se.HeseestreatasanexpeditionForthotherapistandtlientToexploretheClient'SSubjectiveWorldTogether.HeemfAsizedtHiskinDofexploration MustbethehealerwhoiswillingtocomeIntoContactWithhisownPhenomenologicalworld.HEAIDTHATHTHEFOCUSOFTREACTISTOASSISTTIENTOCHECKOCHOWSWERTHETHESTIONSIFEANDCHALLENGETHETHEADJUSTTHESEANSWERSSOTHATHATTEYCANBEGITOLIVIVEAFANKLIFE.
Irvin Yalom
IrvinyalomalsoadmithhathisbusinessinessinfluedByeuropeansanEcanexistentialpsychologyandpsychopatology.ReliingonclinicalExperience, empiricalresearch, filozofie, a literatura, yellendevelovelhisexistencialisticky orientovanátherapy, zaostření, zaučenímSuissuestHusanuMusanturentiouscareabout: smrt, svoboda, osamělost, bez a bez míry a bez ohledu na to a bez ohledu na to, a bez toho, aby se a nevlea.Yelun'sextensivetextbook, existentialpsychoterapie, isredardasanunprededententAchievement.YellenbeeveestHatfrankisanexcellentpragmaticThinker, WHOHAShadaCosiderableInfluenceonhiswritingsandAndAndPractice.YellenbelievestHatExperiencedTherapists, bez ohledu na to, že je to.Hebeevesthattheabove-nentionedfourethesConStuteTethecoreofElantPsychologyandareAreInseparableFracticalwork.
Teoretický základ
1.Sebeuvědomění
ThereasovenWheawereabletomakedEcisionsandReactisbecausewehaveTheabilitytobeself-Aware.TheStrongerTheabilityToperceive, the -GreateRThePossibilityOffreedom, becauseexpandingourabilitytoperceiveCanceourabilitytofullyexperiencelife.Thepropositionsweperceiveinclude:humanlifeislimited,wecannothaveunlimitedtimetocompleteeverythingwewanttodoinlife;wehavethepotentialtotakeactionornottoact;evenifwedonotact,itisadecision;becauseWechooseouractions,sowecancreatepartofourowndestiny;themeaningoflifeistheproductofoursearchandcreationintoauniquepurpose,anditdoesnotautomaticallyappear;basically,theanxietyofexistencecomesfromourfreeconsciousness,itisourAnimportantpartoflife;whenweincreaseourawarenessoffeasiblechoices,wealsoincreaseoursenseofresponsibilityfortheresultsofthechoices;itisdifficultforustoovercomeloneliness,meaninglessness,emptiness,guiltandloneliness;basically,everyApersonislonely,butwealsohaveopportunitiestobuildrelationshipswithothers.
2.FreedomAndresponsibility
TheCorepointOfExistentialistTheoryis: Ačkoliv.Přestože se bezontotosewhethertocomeintothisworld, Wecanchooseourownwayownwayownwhowewewanttobe.Protože seexistenceofTHedom, WehavetotakeontherontesibilityOfGuidingourLives.
Hetherapist'SMaintaskaretwofold: OneistohelpClientsRealizethethethetherothersMakedacisionsforthem;.
3.Stanovení Identity adentityAnDestablishMeaningfulPerpersonalRelationshipsForIndividuals
TheTroubleformoSofENARISESIREFOREFORTSTOSEEKDICTHOSEEKDIRECTIONANDANSWRORTHORTOTHROTHERSINOURLIVES, FaithAlluemoralityinthisProcess.WEDONOTTRUSTOUR, NORDOweseeKanswercolifeConflictsFrours, Butinsteadstrivetobethepersontherswantustobe.Inthisway, ourLiveRerooteDetheexctitionsofathers, andWewillbestrangerstoour same.
TheexistentialTherapistMaybeGingeProcesOfTreatmentByaskingTheClientToreInforCeirfeelings.Whenwelearntobeself-reliantAllowourSestofullyApPreciateourownpower, Therelationshipwithotherscangiveusasensensefalf-realization (NotaSenseoflack).Nicméně, ifwefeelthatwehavebeenneglid, pakourrelationshipwithotherswillonlyBeaparasiticRelationship, bez ohledu na to.Možná, žefunctionOfTreatmentistohelpTheClientDistingTHedifferencebetweenNeuroticDependenceAndpositiveInterPersonalRelationships - OthpartiesCangrowFromThisRelationship.
4.Hledat, účel, Valueandgoal
AprooblemInteReantmentistTheClientNeedstodiscardtheoriginal (uložené) hodnoty, ale behereisnonewcanbere -nosed.… TheTaskofThereatmentProcessistoHelpTheClientCreateAValuesSystemThisconSistentWithhiswayofexistence.
PeopleareoftentrappedBeemptinessOflife, sotheygiveuptryingtofindmeaningfortheirlives.Experiencingmeaninglessnessandestablishingvaluesforone'sownmeaningfullifearethethemesthatcannotbeignoredinthetreatmentprocess.ThejOfTherapistisnotTelltheClientWhattheManingofTheIrlifeis, ButtpointOuttTheyCandiscoverTheManingofLifeevenintimeSofPain.Nicméně, theaningofLifeisnotSotSotHecdiRectlyFindandobtain.TheparadoxisThattHemorerationlyWelookforit, theMorelikelywearetomissit.
5.Úzkosti.
ExistentiantxietyietieineVitablesSiationOfPeoplefacing "existentproblems" -death, svoboda, volba, osamělost a bez ohledu na to.ExistentientayetyMayBecomestimulusForIndividualgrowth.MnohopeopleeeKingtreatmentHopetofindawaytorelievetheirantyety.Otevírání se však nezbytně řečeno, meansacceptingnewanxiety, soifWerytoreduceanxiet, wemustpayahighpriceforit.
VanDeurzen(1991)believesthatthecoregoalofexistingprimarytherapyisnottohelppeopleliveamorecomfortableandrelaxedlife,buttoencouragevisitorstorecognizeanddealwiththerootcausesofanxietyandanxiety.Tváří v tvář očekávání aistoseelifeasajourneyfullofAdventure, spíše thanlettingyourStaybehindaSenseofSecuritytHeemstoprovideSecurity.
6.Vnímaná existence
Yelun (2003) upozornil.YaronbeevestHatthefearOfdeathwillLurchandcausealifelongnegativeImpactourOnourlives.
OneofTheFocalPointSofELISTENTAYTREAPEAPISTOEXPLORETHEDEGREEDEGREEOFINVOLVEMENTOFTHIENTIENTIENTIENTORKTHEWORKTHEYVALUE....ThosewhofeardeathwilLineVitable -Fearlife.Kdy se jedná o učebnu accepthereality.
Terapeutické techniky
Nejvyšší therapyDoesNothaveAwell-definované sadyFreatmentTechniqueSotherotherschools, sotheysometimescitetechniquesFothotherschools.ThemeaningtherapyschoolfoundedbyfrankdeveredtwotherapeuticTechniques.
Protichůdný intenze
ForpatintswithanticipatoryAlingety, FranklProposedTheContradictoryIntentionMethod, který reauteresthepatienttodeliberelyterely behathefears asvatient's -sattitutitutitude.ProveretodofcontradictoryIntions, thepartiesCanobjectionsServetheerowNanity, andcanavoidtheincreasenxietheausedBeuneasyexctitionsOnleety, whatPresentsAViciousCircle.
TheLawOfMinuSandreflection
TheLawOfMinuSandreflectionIsAppliedTosolVetheexcessiveatTentionAndexcessivereflectionofTheparties.IntrospectionIsUsUsUssualsSubcCoswayandautomaticthinking.NadměrnáInntrosPospectionHenSindersheprogressofBehavior.Proto itisnentAreBuildthebelieftatone'sbodyandAndAretRurthothytHodofreducingingInntrospection.Jiná funkce, která mátHodistoPhatthepersonConcernedCturnTotTothePositiveSideoflifeandlookintheDectionOfTheFuture, andavoidFocusingonthecurrentDilemma.
Léčebná scéna
Vyjasnění
INTHEFIRSTSTAGE, TheCounselorhelpStlientFindAndClarify theIshtsToutTheWorld.AskVisitorStosPospaKOUTandQuestioNthewaytheeeandunderstandtheirexistence.ThetherapistExAminesthereliabilityOfthirValues, víry a posuny.ThistaskIsIfficultformformanyVisitors, becausetheyinitiallyregardtheproblemsAusedByexternalcauses.MayayFocusonhothothers "makethemfeel", orwhiractionrorinactionsApsim -otheresibilityofatherts
The CONSULTANTTHEAKTHEAFTOEXAMINETHEIROWNEXISTENCEANDEXAMINETHEEROWNROLINCAUSINGPROBLEBLEMSINLIFE.
SetGoalsforchange
ATTHISSAGE, návštěvníci, které jsou uvedeny na výživě pro examinethourceandauthorityoftheirtRentValuesSystemMorecomprehensively.Thisprocessofself-explorationusuallyleadstonewideas,andacertainreconstructionoftheirvaluesandattitudes.Návštěvníci budou BILDBETTERCONSIDERSHONTHIDOFLIFEISWORTHLIVING, ANDHAVEAAREARUNDSTRADSTOFTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHTHHTHTHTHTH.
Akce
INTefinalStageofExistentTherapy, helpTeclientputhehaslearnedatedAbouthImselfintoaction.
TheGoAlofTreatmentistoallowTeclientTofindawayToimplementThevaluetheetExAmineDanInternalizelizeninInAspecificway.Hostující
lidemSuasualsIscovertheirStrethSandSintSouTheTHEHEHEHEHELPTHEMLIVEAPOREFOSEFFILFIE.
Příspěvky
1.Důrazněutonomie, důstojnost aValueofPeople, nepravděpodobná chochola, která berePopleasPatientsAndisdomdomdomthesubCubcCos;.ItcanbeshapedIntoanyshapetHroughRestriction.
2.ProvideaCompletepHilosophicalFoundationForpsychotherapy.ExistentialtherapybringshetherapistalotofthinkingaboutInnerBeliefs: WhatesthenatureofHumanbeings? ITITPOSSIBLEFUMANBEORCHANGE? Koho?
3.PayAttentionTotheindividualSituationofthThepartiesCerned, auseconsultationTechniquesFleabibly, místoofmechanizace.
4.ImspartherapyISapplicableTotheFollingfields: pacienti s psychózou.TheUniquepsychologicalDistressOfpsySoSisofTentRansferredtotheSpiritualLevel.Smysluplný léčení, které se vyskytují.ThepersoninvolvedhasanirResistiblefate, takové postižení, terminální nemoc, orlong-teremsicknesssinbedbed.
5.IntheStructureofModerndustriallandCommercialsociety, Mnohopeoplefeelempty, odcizená, lhostejná a bezvadná.ExistentialtherapyAthachesimportancetohumanproblemSandissIssuitableformodernPeople.
Omezení
1.TheSostcriticalPartoftheeexistenceofTherapyIsTatLacksasystematicStatementofprinciplessandpsychotherapyPractices; inadědice, itisoftencriticismlacksrigOrourmethods.
ExistentialistterapyOftenUsesvagueaneraltermsSuchassell-Actialization, KnowledDialogue, upřímnost a beingentheworldtodescribeoneonenTreatmentStyle.TheLacKofcLarityisoftenConfusing, aditalsoMakeSitDifficultToGuideresearchOnTeexistenceofTreatmentProcessesSandresults.