Úvod přehled
Jaké je jméno domény
Registraceofdomainnamesfollowstheprincipleofapplyingfirst,registeringfirst,andmanageswhetherthedomainnameproposedbythecertificationauthorityagainsttheapplicantviolatesathirdpartyTherightnottoconductanysubstantiveexamination.TheregistrationofeachdomainnameintheCDCdatabaseisuniqueandnon-repeatable.Therefore,thedomainnameontheInternetisarelativelylimitedresource,anditsvaluewillgraduallybevaluedbypeopleasthenumberofregisteredenterprisesincreases.
Intheneweconomicenvironment,thecommercialsignificanceofdomainnamesisfargreaterthanitstechnicalsignificance,andithasbecomeanimportantmeansforenterprisestoparticipateininternationalmarketcompetitionundernewscientificandtechnologicalconditions.ItnotonlyrepresentsTheuniquepositionofanenterpriseontheInternetisalsoacomprehensivemanifestationofitsproducts,servicescope,image,andgoodwill,andisapartofitsintangibleassets.Atthesametime,thedomainnameisalsoanintellectualachievement.
Intheearlystageofdomainnameregistration,manydomainnameswerenotregisteredinrealtime.Directlysubmittingdomainnameregistrationqueriesarereal-timesettlementandreal-timeregistrationissuccessful.Thisreal-timenatureismainlytodealwiththeincreasinglyseriousphenomenonofdomainnamecybersquatting.Theownerofthedomainnameregistrationisbasedontheinformationthatthedomainnameregistrationsubmitterfillsinthedomainnameorder.Aftersuccessful24hours,youcanquerythewhoisinformationattheinternational(ICANN)anddomestic(CNNIC)managementagencies(whoisinformationisthedomainnameownerAndotherinformation).
Historie doménových jmen
Usinganame,thenumericaddressofahostonacomputernetwork,asimpleandmemorableabstractapproachcanbetracedbacktotheeraofARPANET,Beforetheadventoftoday'scommercialInternet.Intheearlydaysofthenetwork,eachcomputeronthenetworkretrievedthehostfile(host.txt)fromacomputerinSociallyResponsibleInvestment(SRIInternational).Itmapsthehostnameofthecomputerwithanumericaddress.Withtherapidgrowthofthenetwork,itisimpossibletomaintainacentrallyorganizedhostnameregistry,theARPANEToftheDomain Name Systemin1983,RFC882andRFC883issuedbytheInternetEngineeringTaskForce.
Název domény, čas vytvoření, rozsah použitého popisu
.top:Platí pro všechny podniky a osobní,anglická slova,jednoduchá a snadno zapamatovatelná, což znamená,,high-end,top-level“,zvýšit hodnotu značky,jepreferovanýmnázvemdoménypro stavbu webových stránek pro podniky ainternetové aplikace.
.xyz:Asthelastthreelettersofthealphabet,themeaningofthecombinationisflexibleandtherearenorestrictions.Anycompanyorindividualcanregisterfortheendof.XYZdomainname.
.com-forcommercialorganizations,butthemostcommonlyusedwithoutlimitation,isfamiliarandusedbymostpeople
.net-January1985,originallyusedbynetworkserviceproviders,norestrictionsnow
.org-January1985,originallyusedbyothergTLDtypesOrganizationaluse,norestrictionsnow
.edu/.gov/.mil-January1985,forU.S.educationalinstitutions/U.S.governmentagencies/U.S.militaryagencies.
Registrace
1.ItcancontainEnglishletters(az,case-insensitive),numbers(0-9),andthehalf-widthconnector"-"(thatis,thehorizontalline),spacesandspecialcharacters(suchas!,$,&,?,etc.)cannotbeused;2,"-"cannotappearconsecutively,cannotberegisteredseparately,andcannotbeplacedatthebeginningorend;3,upto63characterscanberegistered.
Režim
Domainnamesareoftencomparedtorealestate.Onthebasisofthisdomainname,youcanbuildawebsite(suchasresidentialorcommercialbuildings)andthehighest"quality"domainname,likeasought-afterrealestate.Theytendtocarrysignificantvalue,usuallyduetotheirpotentialforonlinebrandbuilding,usedinadvertising,searchengineoptimization,andmanyothercriteria.Thereareseveralcompaniesthatprovidelow-cost,low-costorevenfreedomainnameregistrationwithvariousmodelstorecovercostsfromsuppliers.Theseusuallyrequireadomain,withinaframeworkhostedontheirwebsiteoraportalsite,includingadvertisingaroundthecontentofthedomainnameholder,therevenueallowstheprovidertorecoverthecost.
Managementagency
Mezinárodní název domény
Themostcommondomainname.)TheInternetCorporationforAssignedNamesandNumbersisanon-profitinternationalorganizationestablishedinOctober1998.Itisanon-profitinternationalorganizationthatgathersexpertsinthebusiness,technology,andacademicfieldsoftheglobalnetworkcommunity.ItisresponsiblefortheInternetProtocol(IP)addressspaceallocation,protocolidentifierassignment,gTLDandnationalandregionaltop-leveldomain(ccTLD)systemmanagement,androotserversystemmanagement.TheseserviceswereinitiallyprovidedbytheInternetAssignedNumbersAuthority(IANA)andotherorganizationsunderaUSgovernmentcontract.ICANNperformsthefunctionsofIANA.
ButICANNisnotresponsiblefordomainnameregistration.ICANNonlymanagesitsauthorizeddomainnameregistrars.ThereisalsoaVerisigncompanybetweenICANNandtheregistrar.TheregistrarisequivalenttowholesaledomainnamesfromVerisign.TheorganizationthatmanagestheregistrarisICANN.
Funkce
TheareaincludestheNationalBureauofLettersandCallswiththecorrespondingstandardISO3166-1countrycode.Onthecontrary,theyaretheonlytop-leveldomainname,consistingoftwoletters.
TheresponsibilityoftheInternetNumberAssignmentAgency(IANA)forthecreationandmanagementofnationaldomainnamedelegations.IANA'sInternetCorporationforAssignedNamesandNumbers(ICANN)isanintegralpartofthehighestauthoritythatregulatestheInternet.
Čínský název domény
CNNICisthemanagementagencyofCNNICdomainname.CNNICauthorizedregistrar.ThereisnocompanylikeVerisignbetweenCNNICandregistrar.TheregistrarisdirectlyfromCNNIC.Wholesaledomainnames.
Obecná nejvyšší úroveň
Thereare8generictop-leveldomains,whicharenowcommonlyreferredtoasinternationaldomainnames.SincetheInternetwasoriginallyoriginatedintheUnitedStates,theearliestdomainnamesdidnothaveacountrylogo.Peopledividedthemintoseveralcategoriesaccordingtotheiruses.Theyendedwithdifferentsuffixes:.com(forcommercialcompanies);.top(Forcommercialcompanies);.net(usedfornetworkservices);.org(usedtoorganizeassociations,etc.);.gov(usedforgovernmentdepartments);.edu( usedforeducationalinstitutions);.mil(usedformilitaryapplications));.int(forinternationalorganizations).TheoriginaldomainnamesystemwasalsomainlyusedbytheUnitedStates.Therefore,Americancompanies,institutions,governmentdepartments,etc.used"internationaldomainnames".WiththedevelopmentoftheInternettotheworld,.edu,.gov,and.milaregenerallyonlyusedbytheUnitedStates.Inadditiontoexclusiveuse,theotherfourcommonlyuseddomainnames.com ,.top,.org a.nestaly se univerzálními.Proto se tento typ názvu domény obvykle nazývá „mezinárodní název domény“ a je stále používán v zemích po celém světě.
Geografická doména nejvyšší úrovně
Geografická doména nejvyšší úrovněnamehasatotalof243countryandregioncodes.Forexample,.CNrepresentsChinaand.UKrepresentstheUnitedKingdom.Inthisway,thedomainnamewiththesuffixof.CNiscalled"domesticdomainname"accordingly.Similartothesuffixnamingofinternationaldomainnames,second-leveldomainswithdifferentmeaningsarealsosetupunderthe.cntop-leveldomainname,mainlyincludingcategorydomainsandadministrativeregions.Thisiswhatisusuallycalledasecond-leveldomainname:itcanbein.com,cnor.net,cnandothersecond-leveldomainnamesregisteredatthethirdlevel,thethird-leveldomainnamescanbedividedintotwocategories:categorydomainnamesandadministrativedivisiondomainnames.Categorydomainnamesareclassifiedaccordingtothenatureoftheapplicantorganization,including:ACscientificresearchinstitutions,COMindustrial,commercial,financialandotherenterprises,EDUeducationalinstitutions,GOVgovernmentdepartments,NETInternet,andaccessnetworkinformationcenter(NIC)AndOperationCenter(NOC)),ORGandvariousnon-profitorganizations.
Úroveň názvu domény
Názvy domén lze rozdělit do různých úrovní, včetně názvů domén nejvyšší úrovně, názvů domén druhé úrovně, názvů domén třetí úrovně a názvů domén s kódem zemí.
Domény nejvyšší úrovně
Názvy domén nejvyšší úrovně jsou rozděleny do dvou kategorií
Jeden je národní název domény nejvyšší úrovně (nTLD), s více než 200 zeměmi, Všem jsou přiřazeny názvy domén nejvyšší úrovně v souladu s kódy zemí ISO3166. Například Čína, Spojené státy, Japonsko, atd.;
Thesecondisinternationaltop-leveldomainnames(iTDs),forexample,.Comand.topofindustrialandcommercialenterprisesindicate.netofnetworkprovidersand.orgofnon-profitorganizations.Mostdomainnamedisputesoccurunderthetop-leveldomainofcom,becausemostcompaniesgoonlineforprofit.Inordertostrengthendomainnamemanagementandresolvetheshortageofdomainnameresources,internationalorganizationssuchastheInternetAssociation,theInternetSub-addressingAgencyandtheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO)havenegotiatedextensivelytobuildontheoriginalthreeinternationalgenerictop-leveldomains:(com).Added7internationalgenerictop-leveldomains:firm(companyenterprises),store(salescompaniesorenterprises),Web(unitshighlightingWWWactivities),arts(unitshighlightingculturalandentertainmentactivities),rec(highlightingpastimesandentertainmentactivities)Theunit),info(unitsthatprovideinformationservices),nom(individuals),andselectnewregistrarsaroundtheworldtoacceptdomainnameregistrationapplications.
Název domény druhé úrovně
Název domény druhé úrovně odkazuje na názevdomény pod názvem domény nejvyšší úrovně. Pod názvem mezinárodní domény nejvyšší úrovně odkazuje na online název registrátora názvu domény, jako je např.
Thetop-leveldomainnameofficiallyregisteredandoperatedbymycountryintheInternationalInternetNetworkInformationCenter(InterNIC)isCN,whichisalsomycountry'sfirst-leveldomainname.Underthetop-leveldomainnames,mycountry'ssecond-leveldomainnamesaredividedintocategorydomainnamesandadministrativeregionnames.Thereare6categorydomainnames,includingacforscientificresearchinstitutions;comandtopforindustrialandcommercialfinancialenterprises;eduforeducationalinstitutions;govforgovernmentdepartments;netforInternetInformationCenterandOperationCenter;Orgfornon-profitorganizations.Thereare34administrativeregions,correspondingtoprovinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesinmycountry.
Název domény třetí úrovně
Thethird-leveldomainnameiscomposedofletters(A～Z,a～z,uppercaseandlowercase,etc.),numbers(0～9)andhyphens(-),Thedomainnamesatalllevelsareconnectedbyarealdot(.),andthelengthofthethird-leveldomainnamecannotexceed20characters.Ifthereisnospecialreason,itisrecommendedtousetheapplicant'sEnglishname(orabbreviation)orChinesePinyinname(orabbreviation) jako název domény třetí úrovně, aby byla zachována jasnost a stručnost názvu domény.
Kód země
Kód zemětop-leveldomainnamesconsistingoftwoletterssuchas.cn,.uk,.deand.jparecalledcountrycodetop-leveldomains(ccTLDs),where.cnisatop-leveldomainnamededicatedtoChina,anditsregistrationismanagedbyCNNIC.Thesecond-leveldomainnamesendingin.cnarereferredtoasdomesticdomainnamesforshort.Therulesandpoliciesforregisteringsecond-leveldomainnamesundercountrycodetop-leveldomainsarerelatedtothepoliciesofdifferentcountries.Whenregistering,youshouldconsultthedomainnameregistrarandaskabouttherelevantregistrationconditionsandregistration-relatedterms.Inadditiontoprovidingregistrationservicesfordomainnamesendingin.com,.top,.netand.org,somedomainnameregistrarsalsoprovidetheregistrationofcountrycodetop-leveldomainnames.ICANNdoesnotspecificallyauthorizeregistrarstoprovideregistrationservicesforcountrycodetop-leveldomains.
AplikaceKroky
1.Prepareapplicationmaterials:comdomainnamedoesnotneedtoprovideIDcard,businesslicenseandothermaterials,cndomainnameisopenforindividualapplicationregistration,soyouneedtoprovideIDcardorbusinesslicense.
2.Findadomainnameregistrationwebsite,andrecommendGuguInternet.Sincedifferentsuffixessuchas.comand.cndomainnamesaremanagedbydifferentregistries,ifyouwanttoregisterdomainnameswithdifferentsuffixes,youneedtogetfromtheregistryLookfortop-leveldomainnameregistrarsauthorizedbyit.Forexample,themanagementagencyofthecomdomainnameisICANN,andthemanagementagencyofthecndomainnameisCNNIC(ChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenter).IftheregistrarhaspassedthedualauthenticationofICANNandCNNIC,thereisnoneedtoapplyfordomainnamesfromotherregistrars.
3.Querydomainname:Afterthedomainnameregistrationquerywebsiteregisteredusernameissuccessful,andquerythedomainname,selectthedomainnameyouwanttoregister,andclickregister.
4.Formalapplication:Afterfindingthedomainnameyouwanttoregister,andconfirmingthatthedomainnameisinanapplicablestate,submittheregistrationandpaytheannualfee.
5.Theapplicationissuccessful:Aftertheformalapplicationissuccessful,youcanstarttoenterDNSresolutionmanagement,setresolutionrecordsandotheroperations.
Pravidla pro pojmenování
COMnázvy domén
BecausealllevelsofdomainnamesontheInternetaremanagedbydifferentinstitutions,thewaysinwhicheachinstitutionmanagesdomainnamesanddomainnamesThenamingrulesarealsodifferent.However,therearesomecommonrulesforthenamingofdomainnames,mainlyasfollows:
First,thedomainnamecanonlycontainthefollowingcharacters:
1,26Angličané: A-Z
2,"0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9"desetčísla
3,"-"(spojka v anglickém čísle)
2.Pravidla kombinace znakůvnázvudomény:
1.V názvu domény se nerozlišuje případ Englishshletterů.
2.ForadomainnameTherearecertainrestrictionsonthelengthofthe
CNdomainname
1.Řiďte se společnými pravidly pro pojmenování domén.
Two.Intheearlydays,cndomainnamescouldonlyberegisteredforthird-leveldomainnames.StartingfromDecember2002,CNNICopenedtheregistrationofsecond-leveldomainnamesunderdomestic.cndomainnames,allowingdirectregistrationofdomainnamesunder.CN.
3.NewlyregisteredCNdomainnamesafter9o'clockonDecember14,2009needtosubmitreal-nameregistrationmaterials(relevantcertificatesoftheregisteredorganizationandtheregisteredcontactperson).
Four,Namesthatmaynotbeusedorrestricted,andrequiredmaterials
1.Registrace obsahuje "ČÍNA", "ČÍNSKÝ", "CN", Doménová jména se slovy, jako je "NÁRODNÍ", musí být formálně schválena příslušnými národními odděleními (s odkazem na jednotky nad ministerskou úrovní).
2.Thenamesofothercountriesorregions,foreigngeographicalnames,andinternationalorganizationnamesknowntothepublicshallnotbeused.
3.Thefullnameorabbreviationoftheadministrativedivisionnameatorabovethecountylevel(includingthecountylevel),theregistrationmustbeformallyapprovedbytherelevantpeople'sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevel(includingthecountylevel).
4.Industrynamesorcommonnamesofcommoditiesshallnotbeused.
5.EnterprisenamesorbrandnamesthathavebeenregisteredinChinabyothersmustnotbeused.
6.Nesmějí být použita jména, která jsou škodlivá pro zemi, společnost nebo veřejné zájmy.
Materialdescription:Approvedformallybyrelevantstatedepartments(referringtounitsatorabovetheministeriallevel)andformallyapprovedbytherelevantpeople'sgovernmentsatorabovethecountylevel(includingcountylevel)meansthattherelevantagenciesmustissuewrittendocumentstoexpresstheirconsentXXXXTheorganizationregisterstheXXXdomainname.
Související informace
Domainnamereviewsituace
Thedomainnameyouhaveregisteredmustmeetthefollowingrequirementsinordertopassthereview:(1)Thedomainnamemustmeet"ChinaInternetDomainNameManagementMeasures"(OrderNo.30oftheMinistryofInformationIndustry);(2)domainnameregistrationinformationmustmeettherequirementsofauthenticity,accuracyandcompleteness,andbeabletopassthedataverificationofthenationalauthority;(3)applicationmaterialsItmustmatchtheregistrationinformationinthe"WHOISQuery"system.Theregularreviewtimeis5workingdaysfromthetimethedomainnameissubmittedonline.First,theregistrarconductsapreliminaryreviewofthedomainnameregistrationinformationandmaterials.Afterthedomainnamehasbeenreviewedbytheregistrar,theregistrarwillsubmittheapplicationmaterialstoourcenter,andourcenterwillreviewthedomainnameregistrationinformationandmaterials.Youcanfollowtheprogressandstatusofyourdomainnamereviewthroughtheregistereddomainnameusercenterorthroughtheregistrartowhichthedomainbelongs.
StatusQuoofDomainNames
Inordertoimprovetheauthenticity,accuracyandcompletenessofdomainnameregistrationinformation,andtofurtherstrengthenthereviewofdomainnameregistrationinformation,CNNICissuedanoticeontheeveningofDecember11,2009：
1.Whensubmittinganonlinedomainnameregistrationapplicationtoadomainnameregistrar,usersshouldsubmitwrittenapplicationmaterials.Theapplicationmaterialsincludethedomainnameregistrationapplicationform(original)withofficialseal,businesslicenseororganizationcodecertificate(copy),andidentitycertificateoftheregisteredcontactperson(copy).
2.Thedomainnameregistrarshouldcarefullyreviewthewrittenapplicationmaterialssubmittedbyusers,andafterpassingthereview,submitthewrittenapplicationmaterialstoourcenterbyfaxoremail,andretainthewrittenapplicationmaterials.
3.IfCNNIChasnotreceivedthewrittenapplicationmaterialswithin5daysfromthedateofsubmittingtheonlineapplicationforthedomainnameorthedomainnameapplicationmaterialsdonotmeettherequirements,thedomainnamewillbecancelled.
4.Theaboverequirementswillbeimplementedat9amonDecember14,2009.
5.The.CNdomainnamewillstartat0:00onMay29,2012.Anynaturalpersonororganizationthatcanindependentlybearcivilliabilitycanapplyfortheregistrationofadomainnameunderthetop-leveldomainnamespecifiedintheserules,thatis,domainnameThesubjectofregistrationisextendedtonaturalpersons.
Opatření
Afterthedomainnameregistrationiscompleted,whatshoulduserspayattentionto?
InordertoensurethatdomainnameholderslegallyholdthedomainnameandlegitimatelycarryoutthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofInternetapplications,remindyoutopayattentiontothechangesofdomainnameinformationafterregistrationtoensurethatthedomainnameregistrationinformationistrue,accurateandcomplete.
1.Checkwhethertheregistrationinformationofdomainnameregistrationiscorrectthroughthe"WHOISquery"systemofourcenterwebsiteorthewebsiteofregistrar;
2,iftheregistrationinformationchanges,suchastheregistrant,Theregistrant’scontactperson,contactinformation,etc.,shallpromptlynotifythedomainnameregistrartomakechangestoensurethevalidityofthedomainnameregistrationinformation;
3.Thepasswordisusedasavalididentifierforthedomainnamebusiness,pleaseYoushouldkeepproperlythemanagementpasswordprovidedtoyoubytheregistrarforthemanagementandmaintenanceofthedomainnameandthetransferpasswordforchangingtheregistrar;
4.Keepintouchwithyourregistrar,Toensurethatitcanberenewedontimethroughtheregistrar;
Accordingtothe"ChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenterDomainNameRegistraceImplementationRules",theexpirationdateofthedomainnameeachyearisthesameastheapplicationdate.Therenewalconfirmationperiodis30daysafterthedomainnameexpires.Ifyouindicateinwritingnottorenewthefeewithintheabove-mentionedperiod,thedomainnameregistrarhastherighttocancelthedomainnameafter30days;ifyoudonotindicateinwritingthatitwillnotreneworrenewthefeewithintheabove-mentionedperiod,thedomainnameregistrarhastherighttoexpireattheendoftheabove-mentionedperiodThedomainnamewascancelledontheday.
Role názvu domény
Domainnameisthewayforthenetnametoaccessthewebsite,andtheČínský název doményisthedomainnameexpressedinChinese.FromthebirthoftheInternetuntilnotlongago,ithasbeentheeraofEnglishdomainnames.However,Chinesepeoplestillhavetheirowntypinghabits.Inthepast,mostofthecompany’swebsitesweredirectlyaccessedorsearchedintheBaidusearchbox.Thelatterneededtoenterthecorporatewebsite.VisitBaidu.
Počet názvů domén
Inthethirdquarterof2012,thenumberofglobalInternetdomainnameregistrationsincreasedbymorethan5million;asofSeptember30,2012,alltop-leveldomains(Top-LevelDomains)Thetotalnumberofdomainnameregistrationsexceeds246million.Inthethirdquarterof2012,thenumberofnewdomainnamesworldwidewas5.7million,anincreaseof2.4%comparedtothesecondquarterof2012.ThismarkedtheseventhconsecutivequarterofglobalInternetdomainnameregistrationgrowthratesthatexceeded2%.Sincethethirdquarterof2011,thenumberofglobaldomainnameregistrationshasincreasedby26.4million,anincreaseof12%.
Atthesametime,thisquarter,thetop-leveldomains.comand.netachievedoverallgrowth.Thetotalnumberofthelatest.comand.netregistereddomainnamestotalednearly119.9million,anincreasefromthesecondquarterof20121%,anincreaseof7.1%comparedtothesameperiod.AsofSeptember30,2012,thetotalnumberof.comdomainnameregistrationswas105million,andthetotalnumberof.netdomainnameregistrationswas14.9million.
Často kladené otázky
DomainNameIdentification
Theconceptofdomainnameowneranddomainnamemanagementcontactisdifferent.InthedomainnameWHOISsearchresultsprovidedbyanyfirst-levelregistrar,thefirstitemisRegistrant,whichisthedomainnameregistrantandthedomainnameowner.Theseconditemisdomainnamemanagementcontacts,followedbydomainnametechnologyandpaidcontacts.Thedomainnameownercanrequesttofillinthesecontactsashimselfwhenregistering,andleavehise-mailaddress.Butthishasleftahiddendangertosecurity.Thereasonisasfollows:thedomainnameownercanapplyformodificationoftheregistrationinformationexceptthedomainnameitselfandthedomainnameownerthroughthedomainnamemanagementcontactortechnicalcontact.Onwhatbasisdoesthefirst-leveldomainnameregistrarjudgewhetheramodificationapplicationisgenuineorfromthedomainnameowner?Thecriterionforjudgingiswhethertheemailaddressoftherequestisconsistentwiththeemailaddressofthedomainnamemanagementcontactintheregistrationinformation.Becauseofforgery,thismethodistheleastreliable.Inordertoimprovesecurity,NSIandothersadvocateuserstoadoptPGPencryption,thatis,itrequiresrelevantcontactstosendtheirpublickeytoNSIinadvance,andthenelectronicallysigneachmessagetoshowtheauthenticity.InviewofthefactthatmostdomainnameregistrantsinChinaarenotfamiliarwithPGPorotherpasswordencryption,andmostČínský název doményconsumersarenotgoodatforeignlanguages,theyarecontactedbyInternetcompaniesinthemiddle,eliminatingtheircommunicationbarriers.Ifyouwanttochangethedomainnamemanagementcontacttoyourself,itisalsopossible.
Efektivní doba
Fortheonlinepre-registeredinternationaldomainname,theregistrarcantakeeffectafterreceivingtheregistrationfeeorfaxpaymentvoucherandconfirmingit,butafteryoupre-registeronlineDuringyourpaymentperiod,thedomainnameyouselectedmayberegisteredsuccessfullybyotherregistrars,soitisrecommendedthatyoupayassoonaspossibletoavoidlosingyourvaluabledomainname.
Funkce
EachcomputerhasoneormoredigitaladdressesusedtomarkthelocationofthecomputerontheInternet,calledIPaddresses.Thiskindofpositioningsystemismoreboringanddifficultforhumanstoremember.Ifyouhaveadomainname,youdon'tneedtoremembertheIPaddress.
DNS
Domainnameserver(DNS)isusedtotranslatedomainnamesintoIPaddressesthatcomputerscanrecognize.Forexample,ifsomeonewantstovisitthewebsiteof"SpaceDomainNameNetwork,TaijiNetwork",DNSwilltranslatethedomainnameintoanIPaddress.Thismakesiteasyforthecomputertofindthewebserveroftheownerofthedomainname.Therefore,youcanalsobindthedomainnametothevirtualhostyouappliedfortoaccessyourwebsitenormally.
Práva na správu doménových jmen
ICANNcomprehensivelymanagesDNS.Itcontrolstherootdomainandthendelegatestop-leveldomainstodomainnameregistries.SuchasccTLDsregistryItisthecorrespondingcountry.ICANNactsasacoordinatingconsultantfortheseregistries,butdoesnotparticipateindomainnameassignments,registrationspecificbylawsandotherregulations.Ontheotherhand,gTLDsaredirectlymanagedbyICANN,whichmeansthatalltermsandconditionsarejointlyformulatedbyICANNandvariousgTLDsregistries.
Becausetheleaseddomainnamehasanimportantinfluenceononlinebrandbuilding,advertising,searchengineoptimization,etc.,itcanberegardedasavirtualrealasset.
TheICANNParisAnnualMeetingpassedanimportantresolutiontorecognizeChineseastheInternet'stop-leveldomaincharacters.".中国"iswrittenintotheglobalrootdomainnamesystem.Thismeansthatnon-Englishdomainnamesuffixessuchas".中国"willappearontheInternetforthefirsttime,andČínský název doményswillbeformallyintegratedintotheInternetasanationalsymbolofChinesecultureontheInternet.Thewritingof".中国"intotheglobalrootdomainnamesystemmeans:obtainingthesupportofmainstreambrowserapplicationsandrealizingdirectbrowseraccess.
Související operace
Domain Name System
ThedomainnamesystemisacoreserviceoftheInternet,whichservesasadistributeddatabasethatcanmapdomainnamesandIPaddressestoeachother,CanmakepeoplemoreconvenienttovisittheInternet,withouthavingtoremembertheIPnumberstringthatcanbedirectlyreadbythemachine.
Období mazání
1.Theinternationaldomainnamecanbesubmittedforrenewalwithin30daysofexpiration,butitisnotguaranteed;30-60daysaftertheexpirationistheredemptionperiod(redemptionPeriod)canberedeemedThefeeisredeemed,butthereisnoguaranteeofsuccess.60-75daysaftertheexpirationisthependingDeletestatus,whichcanonlybere-registeredafterwaitingfordeletion.
2.Iftheinternationaldomainnameenterstheredemptionperiod(REDEMPTIONPERIOD)aftertheexpiration,youcanonlychoosetoredeemitorwaitforthedomainnametobereleasedandthenre-register.
Pravidla pro mazání, obnovu a odkup názvů domácích domén nejvyšší úrovně (jako.cn) po vypršení registrace:
AccordingtotheChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenter(CNNIC),startingfromDecember20,2007,therenewalrulesofCNEnglishdomainnamehavebeenadjustedaccordingly:
IfCNEnglishdomainnameexpireswithoutrenewalbusiness,thedomainnamewillentertherenewalperiod,hereDuringthisperiod,theoriginalresolutionofyourdomainnamemaybesuspendeduntilyourenewitsuccessfully.Thefeecanberenewed30daysaftertheexpirationofcn.Iftherenewalisnotcompletedduringtherenewalperiod,thedomainnamewillenterahigh-pricedredemptionperiod,andthedomainnamestatuswillchangeto"pendingDelete",andoperationssuchasinformationmodification,transfer,andresolutioncannotbeperformed.Ifyoustillwantthedomainname,youneedtopayanotherfeeforthedomainnameredemptionaccordingtotheregulations;ifthedomainnameisnotredeemedduringtheredemptionperiod,thedomainnamewillbedeletedafter60-75daysaftertheendoftheredemptionperiod.
Domainnameswithdifferentsuffixeshavedifferentmeanings.Nowthemostpopulardomainnamecategoriescanbedividedintointernationaldomainnamesanddomesticdomainnames.Themaindifferencebetweenthetwoisthedomainnamedivisionmethodandthedifferentmanagementorganization.Toexplainwhatisaninternationaldomainnameandwhatisadomesticdomainname,wemuststartwiththedomainnamesystem.Therearethreetypesoftop-leveldomainsinthedomainnamesystemontheInternet:categorytop-leveldomains,geographictop-leveldomains,andnewtop-leveldomains.
Registrace doménového jména
1.Fordomainnameswithwebsites.(Domainnameswithoutawebsitedonotneedtobefiled)
2.SubmittherelevantinformationofthewebsitetotheMinistryofInformationIndustryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.
ThepurposeofdomainnameregistrationistopreventillegalwebsitebusinessactivitiesontheInternetandcombatthespreadofbadInternetinformation.Ifthewebsiteisnotregistered,itislikelytobeshutdownafterinvestigation.Inaccordancewiththespiritofthe"MeasuresfortheAdministrationofRecordationofNon-commercialInternetInformationServices"deliberatedandapprovedbytheMinistryofInformationIndustryofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaatthetwelfthministerialmeeting,theprovisionofnon-commercialInternetinformationserviceswithintheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChinashouldberegistered!Nonon-commercialInternetinformationservicemaybeconductedwithintheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChinawithoutfiling.Forwebsitesthathavenotbeenfiled,theywillbefinedorshutdown.Filingreferstoreportingthemattertothecompetentauthorityforfilingforinspection.Fromtheperspectiveofadministrativelaw,inpractice,itismainlytheprovisionsofthe"LegislationLaw"andthe"RegulationsontheRecordofRegulations".
Rozlišení názvu domény
Howtoseethecontentofyourwebsiteafterregisteringadomainnameiscalled"domainnameresolution"inaprofessionalterm.Asexplainedintherelatedterminology,thedomainnameandtheURLarenotthesamething.Afterthedomainnameisregistered,itonlymeansthatyouhavetherighttousethedomainname.Ifthedomainnameresolutionisnotperformed,thenthedomainnamecannotplayitsrole.Theresolveddomainnamecanbeusedasthesuffixofthee-mailaddressorasawebsiteaddresstovisityourownwebsite.Therefore,thenecessarylinkforthedomainnametobeputintouseis"domainnameresolution."Domainnameisasetofaddressconversionsystemspeciallyestablishedfortheconvenienceofmemory.ToaccessaserverontheInternet,itmustfinallyberealizedthroughIPaddress.Rozlišení názvu doményistheprocessofre-convertingadomainnametoanIPaddress.AdomainnamecanonlycorrespondtooneIPaddress,andmultipledomainnamescanberesolvedtooneIPaddressatthesametime.Rozlišení názvu doményneedstobecompletedbyadedicateddomainnameresolutionserver(DNS).ThedomainnameisconvertedintoanIPaddress,andthedomainnameisaworld.Inthedistributedhierarchicaldirectoryserviceofthousandsofservers,thenamespaceoftheInternetisdividedintoso-calledareas,andeachindependentadministratorisresponsible.Forlocalrequirements-suchasinacompany'snetwork-itisanindependentoperationalsoavailablefromtheInternetDNS.
Princip rozlišení
Tounderstandwhydomainnameresolutiontakessolong,youneedtounderstandtheprocessofdomainnameresolutionandtheroleofDNSservers.
EverycomputerontheInternetisassignedanIPaddress,anddatatransmissionisactuallycarriedoutbetweendifferentIPaddresses.IncludingthecomputersweusewhensurfingtheInternetathome,wearealsoassignedanIPaddressafterweconnecttotheInternet.Inmostcases,thisIPaddressisdynamic.Inotherwords,whenyouturnoffthemodemandturnontheInternetagain,yourInternetaccessbusinesswillrandomlyassignanewIPaddress.
ThewebserverisessentiallyacomputerconnectedtotheInternet,buttheconfigurationismoresuitableasaserver,anditisplacedinthedatacentertomaintainalowtemperature,lowdustenvironment,andsecurity.TheseserversusefixedIPaddressestoconnecttotheInternet.Whenadomainnameisresolvedtoacertainserver,andthewebpagefileisplacedonthisserver,theuser'scomputerwillknowwhichservertogototoobtainthewebpageinformationofthisdomainname.Thisisachievedthroughadomainnameserver.
Whenabrowserentersacertaindomainnameinthebrowseraddressbox,orclicksalinkfromanotherwebsitetothisdomainname,thebrowsersendsadomainnamerequesttotheuser’sInternetaccessprovider,andthenTheDNSserverofthemerchantmustquerythedomainnamedatabasetoseewhattheDNSserverofthisdomainnameis.ThengrabtheDNSrecordfromtheDNSserver,thatis,toobtainwhichIPaddressthisdomainnamepointsto.AfterobtainingthisIPinformation,theaccessprovider'sserverwillgototheservercorrespondingtothisIPaddresstograbthewebpagecontent,andthentransmitittotherequestingbrowser.
Nastavení rozlišení
A(Address)recordisusedtospecifytheIPaddressrecordcorrespondingtothehostname(ordomainname).Userscanpointthewebserverunderthedomainnametotheirownwebserver.Atthesametime,youcanalsosetthesecond-leveldomainnameofyourdomainname.
Youmustgotothedomainnamemanagementinterfaceoftheregistrartosetupacorrect,effectiveandstableDNS.Itmaytake12-72hourstomodifytheDNSattheregistrartobereflectedontherootserver.ThefullnameoftheTTLvalueis"TimeToLive",whichsimplymeansthetimethattheDNSrecordiscachedontheDNSserver.
MXrecordsarealsocalledmailroutingrecords.Userscanpointthemailserverunderthedomainnametotheirownmailserver,andthentheycancontrolallmailboxsettingsbythemselves.YouneedtofillintheIPaddressofyourserveronline,andallmailsunderyourdomainnamecanbeforwardedtothecorrespondingmailserversetbyyourself.
CNAMErecordisanaliasrecord.Thistypeofrecordingallowsyoutomapmultiplenamestothesamecomputer.UsuallyusedforcomputersthatprovideWWWandMAILservicesatthesametime.