Kybernetická politika

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Od devadesátých let se začaly objevovat některé koncepty týkající se síťové politiky, jako je síťová politika, virtuální politika, síťová demokracie, online politika, informační politika, digitální demokracie, elektronická demokracie atd.

In1998,D.Roskofflinkednetworkpoliticswithrealpoliticsinhisarticle"NetworkPolitics:TheOriginalPowerintheTransformationoftheInformationAge".Hebelievedthateconomicpower,militarypowerandThethreepillarsoftheoriginalpower,suchaspoliticalpower,willberedistributedandnewformsandcharacteristicswillbeproducedinthetransformationoftheinformationage,andallthesechangescanbeattributedtothetransformationofinformationtechnology.

In2003,inhisarticle"TheRiseofInternetPolitics:HowtheInternetChangedInternationalPoliticsandDiplomacy,"D.PollièrebelievedthatInternetpolitikais"anattempttousethepowerfulpoweroftheInternettoshapeThediplomaticformofpolitics,culture,values​​andpersonalidentity".

"Networkpolitics",asthenamesuggests,cannotlivewithouttheroleoftheInternet.AlthoughpoliticsoriginatedinEuropemorethan2,000yearsago,theUnitedStates,whichgavebirthtoPoliticsdevelopedrapidly.ThenumberofnetizensintheUnitedStatesandthepenetrationrateofcomputersinhouseholdsrankfirstintheworld.AsfarasthestudyofInternetpolitikaisconcerned,itisalsoinaleadingpositionintheworld.Atthesametime,Westerncountrieshavealsoseenawaveofresearchoncyberpolitics.

PozorováníVýzkum

Internetpolitikacanbeobservedfromthreedimensions,

První je síť virtuální politiky;

Thesecondistheroleandinfluenceofnetworkpoliticsonrealpoliticalsubjectsandotherfields;

ThethirdisrealpoliticalsubjectsandotherfieldsThecounteractionandinfluenceofvirtualpoliticsontheInternet.

InternetpolitikamainlyreliesonnewsocialmediasuchastheInternetandWeibo.ThenumberofInternetusers,thepenetrationrateofcomputersinthefamily,andcitizens’informationandpoliticalliteracyhaveallbecomeimportantfactorsaffectingthedevelopmentofonlinepolitics.Thelocalmanagementandglobalgovernanceofnetworkpoliticshasbecomeakeyfactorinthehealthydevelopmentofnetworkpolitics.Cyber​​politicsprotectscitizens'rightstoknow,participate,express,andsupervise,promotetimelydisclosureofinformation,transparencyofgovernmentaffairs,andface-to-faceissues,soastopromotetheincreaseofgovernmentcredibility.

Asakindofdirectdemocraticpolitics,Internetpolitikaalsohasthephenomenonofchangingopinions,excessivedemands,divergentopinions,andlackofthought.Itneedstobecombinedwithindirectdemocracysuchasthedeliberationofthepeople’srepresentativestopreventgroupintensificationandindividualextremes.Theemergenceofismandcyberviolencehasformedareasonabledemocraticgovernancestructure.

Vlastnosti vstupu

Přímočarost

Inonlinepolitics,anyonewhohastheconditionstogoonlinecandirectlyexpresstheiropinionsanddemandsandcollectinformation,Theexpressionofopinions,policydialogue,consultationofrecommendations,organizationofactions,lobbyingfordecision-making,etc.,andvotingonvariouspoliticalandsocialissues,nolongerneedtoberepresentedbyothers,indirectlyexpressedwiththewilloftheactualpoliticalsubjectSexhasformedthetwopolesoftheinteractivepoliticalecology.Thiskindofdirectparticipationofcitizensinpoliticsisoneofthemostprominentfeaturesofnetworkpolitics.

Rovnost

Inthevirtualspaceofonlinepolitics,theequalpoliticalrightsofeveryonewhohastheconditionstoaccesstheInternetcanbeguaranteed,andeveryonehastheequalrighttoparticipateinanddiscusspolitics.Onthebasisofnetworkcarriersandplatforms,aslongastheymeettherequirementsforpoliticalparticipationpermittedbylaw,thereisnodifferenceforallgroupsinsocietyandeachmemberofthegroup,whichfullyreflectsthepoliticaldemocracy,equalrightsandflatteningofnetworkpolitics.feature.Thisvirtualequalityiseasiertoachievethanequalityintherealworld.Atthesametime,thelowcostofInternetaccessandtheconvenienceofvirtualspacehaveevencreatedaneconomicenvironmentfortheequalityofonlinepoliticsforfree.

Propustnost

Withthehelpofthedevelopmentofinformationtechnology,networkpoliticshasformedasocialforce,whichnotonlybringsrevolutiontoscienceandtechnology,butalsoweakensthetraditionalchecksandbalancesofthestateandpower.Infiltratedintoeconomic,political,military,social,cultural,diplomaticandotherfieldsandbroughtchangesinthesefields.

Pohodlí

Theubiquity,proximity,decentralization,convenience,andspeedofonlinemediamakepoliticalorganization,politicalmobilization,andpoliticalaspirationsveryeasyandquick,individualornicheThroughthebutterflyeffect,hisopinionsmaybewidelydisseminatedanduniversallysupported,therebyformingakindofpublicopinion,whichhasanimpactonactuallegislationanddecision-making.

Přeshraniční

TheInternethasbrokenthroughthetraditionalisolationbetweenthefrontandtherear,thefirstlineandthesecondline,theinteriorandtheexterior,thenearestandtheremote,andenablesthepoliticalexpressionofcitizensandinterestandinterestgroupsAndinformationdisseminationhasbrokenthroughtheboundariesofinstitutions,industries,cities,regionsandevencountries,formingthecharacteristicsofspanningtimeandspace,infiniteubiquity,andgroupinteraction,andforminganewformofnetworkpolitics.Thecharacteristicsofnetworkpoliticshavecreatednewopportunitiesforinformationsecurityandalsoposesnewchallenges.

Výzkumná kategorie

Whatcyberpoliticsdiscussesis:inthedevelopmentprocessofcybersociety,thenatureofcyberpoliticsandthelawofcontradictorymovementofitsdevelopmentandchanges;itsmainresearchscopeTherearethreelevels.Theyare:

Za prvé, virtuální politické problémy v kyberprostoru: virtuální komunity, virtuální vlády, virtuální země, síťové síly atd.

Second,theinfluenceofthenetworksocietyonthepoliticallifeofmankind:Theinfluenceofthenetworkonthepoliticalsystemisprominentinthatitischangingthecontentandformofpoliticaldemocracy;thenetworkposesaseverechallengetothecountry’spoliticalorderandpoliticalstabilityTheinfluenceoftheInternetongovernmentmanagementisprofound;theinfluenceoftheInternetoncontemporaryinternationalpoliticsisalsomultifaceted.

Third,thestatemanagementofthenetworksociety:toguidehumanbeingsthroughthecreationofnewpoliticalstructuresandspecificpoliticaloperationstomakebetteruseoftheInternettosendbackhumancreativityandcontrolovertheirowndestiny.

Aktuální situace v Číně

TheimportantroleoftheInternetinthetransmissionofinformationandtheformationofpublicopinion,therecognitionoftheeffectivenessoftheInternetbyhigh-levelpoliticiansandtheinteractionwithnetizens,alltheseseemtoindicatethatChinahasalreadyFormedtheembryonicformofnetworkpolitics.

WhatisparticularlyimportanttoChina'spoliticalevolutionisthatnetworkpoliticshasthenatureofdemocraticpoliticsfromtheverybeginning.Ordinarypeople,aslongastheyhavetheabilitytoaccesstheInternet,cantheoreticallyobtainachanneltospeak,andhavetheopportunitytoexpresstheiropinionsandaspirationsonalllevelsofpublicaffairs.Aslongassuchopinionsanddemandsarehighlyuniversal,theymaygainwidespreadsupportandformakindofpublicopinion,whichmayhaveanimpactonactuallegislationanddecision-making.

Itmaybepreciselybecausetheactualdemocraticsystemisstillintheprocessofgradualimprovement.Therefore,comparedwithforeignpeople,ChinesenetizensareextremelyinterestedinpublicaffairsandInternetpolitikaarealsorelativelydeveloped.Moreover,thiskindofonlinedemocracyisgenerallyadirectdemocraticsystem.Forsomepeoplewhoserightsandinterestshavebeeninfringed,andforsomepeoplewhocareaboutpublicaffairsbutlackpracticalexpressionchannels,onlinechannelsareveryattractive.High-levelofficials,especiallyHuJintao'saffirmationofInternetpublicopinion,willgiveinternetová demokraciemoreroomforgrowth.

However,sincenetworkdemocracyisakindofdirectdemocracy,italsohastheinherentflawsofdirectdemocracy.Forexample,opinionsarechangeableandlackofthoughtfulness.Theinstitutionalarrangementsofthetraditionaldemocraticsystem,suchasthedeliberationofpeople'srepresentatives,cangenerallymakeupforthisdefect.Therefore,forthenetworkdirectdemocracytofunctionnormally,itneedstobebasedonotherinstitutionalarrangementsoftherepresentativedemocraticsystem.Networkdemocracyalonecannotsupportareasonabledemocraticgovernancestructure.Ofcourse,internetová demokraciecanindeedpromotethesoundnessandmaturityofotherdemocraticsystemsthroughinformationtransparency,throughexertinginfluenceondeputiestotheNationalPeople'sCongress,andbyraisingtheissuesofmostconcerntothepublicinthepublicopinionspace.

Související novinky

OnFebruary28,2009,PremierWenJiabaocametotheinterviewroomofChinaGovernmentNetworkanddiscussedwithnetizensonthefinancialcrisis,educationreform,medicalandhealthreformandotherissues.2hoursofonlinecommunication.PremierWenJiabao'sonlinecommunicationisanexampleofthenationalwillandthepeopleresonatingontheInternet.