Spojka

Pracovní princip

Principleanalologie:

Laozhang'scabbabfieldsonthenorthandSouthsidesideRiDidedInto3PartSeach.ThesharelandObtainsSasmallPartofThewaterflowFromthemainwaterway a athewaterflowsspeedisassameasteotherland, ashowninfigure1.Inthisway, LaozhangcanrestintheshadeofTreesForeperioDofTime, bez výroby, adallthegroundispuredthesametime.

TheCouplerisaradiofRequencyDevicethatextractsasmallPartofThesignalfromTherelesssignalbackBonechannel.Asshowninfigure2, itisapowerDistributionDeviceLikeThePowersplitter.TheDifferenceiSthattheCouplerisnotequalpowerDistributionDevice.TheCoupleRandThowerSpterteReusedTetherTertoachIeveagoal - tomakethetransmissionPofTofTheSignalSourceBeevenlyDistributedTotheantenNaportsOftheIndoordoordIstributionSystemsMuchaspossible, sothatthetransmissionPoeantAnTennaportisbasicallythesame.

TheInputPortpowerPofaniDealCouplerisequaltothesumofTheCouplingpowerAndtheoutpTortpower, inwatts (W), Asshowninfigure3.

The ImportantIndexofCoupleRiscouplingDeeanDZtráta vložení.ThedegreeofCouplingIstheratioofthepowerofTheCoupledporttotheinputport, expressedIndb, obecně seanegativevalValue.ThereaterTheabsolutevalueofTheCouplingDegree, thelessitisequivalenttotakeaway, athesmallerthelossofthenaturalCoupleler.InsertionlossisheratioofthePowerofTheoutputtotheinputport.The GreaterTheabsoluteValueofTheCouplingDegree, ThesMallertheabsolutevalueofTheinSertionloss.

ExpressedIndb, theretheFowlowingRelationships:

Poté, TheRelationshipBetweentheinSertionLoss (DB) OfTheCoupleRandtheDegreeofCoupling (DB) CANBEEXPRESEDAS:

Příklad:

AspojkawithaCouplingDegreeof - 10dbhasanZtráta vloženíof - 0.5dB.Taketheabsolutevalue, a ChosidertheDelectricloss.Obecně platí, že TheZtráta vloženíwillbelarger, který jezdívá na.Obecně, TheinSertionLossCanbeabout0.7db.

IfEhenturportpoweis15dbm, thenthepowerofTheCouplingportThisspojkais15dbm-10db = 5dbm a athepowerofTheOutputportis15dbm-0.7db=14.3dbm.

Mnoho PeopleherewillaskkSuchaquestion: 5DBM+14.3dbm>15 dBm,energyisnotconserved,why?Thereasonissimple,thenumbersindBmcannotbeadded.

ApplicAnelectricalSIGNALTotheinputhofThotoCoupleMethethethelight-EmittingSourceemiTlight.The IntensitafThelightDedSonthesizeofTheexcitationCurrent.Poté, co je svědectví otirsirRaditedSepAckedLightreceiver, ITProducesthephotoCurrentisDrawn fromutpterMeterminaloftheLightreceiver, thisrealizingTheConversionElectricitytolighttoelectricity.

⒈WorkingCaracteristics (TakethephotosensitiveTransistorasanexample)

InternalCommonModerejectionratioofTheopToCouplesveryHigh.BecausetheCouplingCapacitanceBetweentheluminoustubeandthelightreceivesverysMall (uvnitř2pf), thecommon-režim-moderechecteeftantheoutputputcrenthroughtheinter-electrodeCouplingCapacitance.

⒉outputCharacteristics

The OutputpCacteristicsOfThotoCouplerrefertotherelationshipBeenthebiasVoltageVceappliedTothephotosensitiveTubeadtheutputCurrenticunderaceAncertluminSurrentif.Kdykoli = 0, TheLight-EmtingDodedoesNoteMitlight.AtThistime, TheoutputCurrentofThephototransistorCollectorscalleddarkcurrent, který jegenerallyverysMallAllow.WhenIF>0,undertheactionofacertainIF,thecorrespondingICbasicallyhasnothingtodowithVCE.TheChangeBetweensicandifbecomesalinearRelationship, a theoutputputcharakteristicsOfThephotoelectReMereMuredByTheSemiconductorTubecharacteristicDiagraminstrumentaResiMiMiLartOutpCacteristicsFordicantRansistors.

⒊ThephotoCoupterCanBeuseuseusesAlinearCoupler

Provideabiascurrentonthelight-emittingdiode,andthencouplethesignalvoltagetothelight-emittingdiodethrougharesistor,sothatthephototransistorreceivesWhatisobtainedisanopticalsignalthatincreasesordecreasesonthebiascurrent,anditsoutputcurrentwillvarylinearlywiththeinputsignalvoltage.ThePhotoCoupleterCanalsoworkintheon-offstateTotransmitPulsesignals.WhentransmitingPulsesignals, thisAcerveDelayTimeBeentheinputSignalandTheoutPutSignal, a jejich.

Fotoelectreatictest

⒈UseaMultimeterTojudgeWHetheritisGoodorbad, Asshowninfigure3.DisconnecttheInputpower, uživatel × 1Ktomeasuresistanceofpins1,2andwhatistheforwardresistanceOneHrendeohms, reverseresistantenSofkiloohms, TheresistancebetwenPins3and4sheinfinite.AnySetBetweenTins1,2andpins3and4hasaninfiniteresistanceValue.AfterthenputterminalSisowedon, Theresistanceofpins3and4Isverysmall.Aredingrp, TheresistanceBetweenPins3and4Changes, což naznačuje, že.Poznámka: Thre × 10kgearcannotbeused, jinak.

⒉SimpletestCircuit, WhenthePowerEristurnedon, TheledWillNoteMitlight, Pressb, TheledEMITLIGHT a ATHELUMUMINUSINUSINUSINUSINUSINUSINUSININSITNASENTYOFTHERLEDLEDLEDLEDLEDLEDLEDLEDLEDLEDLEDEDLEDLEDLEDLEDEDLEWIllCHANG.

aplikace

⒈ConstituteaswitchCircuit

Whentheinputsignaluiislow,thetransistorV1isintheoffstate,andthecurrentofthelight-emittingdiodeinthephotospojkaB1Approximatelyzero,theresistancebetweentheoutputterminalsQ11andQ12isverylarge,whichisequivalenttotheswitch"off";whenuiishigh,v1isturnedon,thelight-emittingdiodeinB1emitslight,andtheresistancebetweenQ11andQ12becomessmaller,whichisequivalentToswitch"on".TheCircuitisinahigh-LevelconductionStatebecausethesSwitchisnotTurnedonWheiiSLowlevel.Inthesameway, whentesNoSignal (uiislowlevel), Theswitchisturnedon, soitisinthelow-levelconductionstate.

2.CompositionLogicCircuit

TheCircuisan "andgate" logicCircuit.ITSLOGICALEXPRESSISP = a.B.INTefigure, twophotosensitivetubeSareconConlectedInSeries, pouze po nich, coinsputLogicleLela = 1andb = 1, theoutputp = 1.Inthesameway, logiccircuitssuchas "orgate", "Nandgate" a "Norgate" CanalsObeformed.

3.ToforMisolationCouplingCircuit

THECIRCUITISSHOWNINFIGURE4.ThisISATYPICACOUPLINGAMPLIFIERCIRCUIT.AdmiateSelectionofThecurrent-limitingresistorr1ofthelight-emitingCircuitTomaketRentTransferratioofb4AconstantCanensuretheLineAramplificationOfTheCircuit.

4.Toformahigh-voltagevoltageStabilisingCircuit

ThedrivingTubeneedStouseAtransistorwithImVerverolTageResistance (thedrivingtubeis3dg27inthefigure).Whentheoutputvoltageincreases,thebiasvoltageofV55increases,theforwardcurrentofthelight-emittingdiodeinB5increases,whichreducesthevoltagebetweenthephotosensitivetubes,andthebiasvoltageoftheregulatortubedecreasesandtheinternalresistanceincreases,sothattheoutputvoltagedecreases., Přitom hodnoceníTabilityFoutputVoltage.

⒌ConstiTuteTheautomaticControlCircofTheHalllighting

Aisfourgroupsofanalogelectronicswitches(S1~S4):S1,S2,S3areconnectedinparallel(canincreasethedrivingpowerandanti-interferenceability)Usedinthedelaycircuit,whenitisconnectedtothepowersupply,thebidirectionalthyristorVTisdrivenbyR4andB6,andtheVTdirectlycontrolsthehalllightingH;S4andtheexternalphotoresistorRlformanambientlightdetectioncircuit.WhendheDoorisclosed, pakOrmallycledslosedswitchkdinstalledonToorFrameIsActeDBethemagNetonThedoor, AnditscontactsaredaredIsconved, ans1, s2 as3areinthedatatastate.Střední, TheownerWenthomeanDopenedthedoor, Themagnetwasfarawayfromkd, athekdContact byly uvedeny.AtThistime, the9vpowerSupplyIsRektifiedAndChargedToc1viar1.TheVoltageAcrossc1quicklyRiseSto9V.TherectifiedVoltagemakesthelight-EmtingTubeinb6glowThroughs1, S2, S3andr4TotriggerthedIDectionAlthyristortoconduct, andvtalsoConductson, HlightSuptorealizeautomaticledingControl.Doprovodné, TheMagNetControlskd, theContactisDisconved, the9vpowerSupplystopsChargingc1, andthiccuituitentResadelaystate.C1BeginstodisCharger3.AfteroiroofDelay, theltageAcrossc1graduallyDropsbelowTheturn-onvolvoltage (1.5V) OF1, S2 a AS3, Ands1, S2 as3returntotheoffstate, způsobují, že B6ToendAndValsoends.„.

Rozlišovací body

Směry

THEDIRECTIONCOUPLERISAFOUR-PROVONEMENTWITHDIRECTIONALTRANSMISSIONSHARACTISTISTICS.Itisatwo-portElementConEdbyltedByaCouplingDevice.Constitutedtotransmissionsystem.FirstInTroduceTeterformanceIndexofTheDectionAlCoupler, a athenintroduceTueTueDuidedaidedOUDed-holedirectionAlCoupleler, dvojitý převětrskýCOUPLERALLOLLELLELLELLOLLELLCOUplingMicroStripdirectionalCoupleler.

1) PerformanceIndicatorsOfThediRectionalCoupler

Thedirectionalspojkaisafour-portnetwork,theport"①"istheinputterminal,theport"②"isthedirectoutputterminal,andtheport"③""Isthecouplingoutputterminal,theport"④"istheisolationterminal,andthescatteringmatrixis​​setto[S].The PerformanceIndicatorsDescriptoringThediRectionalCouplerare: ConplingDegree, IsolationDegree, DirectionAlDegree, vstupní vojáka.Oni se staví.

2) Izolace

TheratiooftheInputPowerp1oftheInputterminal "①" a theoutputPowerp4ofTheisolationterminal "④" isdefinedaStheisolation, označení.

DirectionDegree

TheratioofTheputPowerp3OfTheCOUplingerminal "③" totheoutputPowerp4ofTheisolationterminal "④" isdefinedastredicerectionality, označený.

⑷InputPutyldwaveratio

WhEndheports „②, ③, ④“ areallConlectedTotheMatchedload, thevswroftheinputport „①“ isdefineDesternputPlacedwatiotio.Makeρ.

⑸WorkingBandWidth

WorkingBandWidtHetHeworkingfrequencyRangeWHentheabove-Mentionedc, I, D, ρandotherParameterSofTheCecifiedCoulemerTeequirequirements.

Typy vlnovodu

TheWaveGuideidedOURLE-holedirectionAlCoupleristThesimplestWaveGuideideiDiretionCoupler.TheMainadauxiliaryWaveGuidesPasstHallWocommonArrowwalls.

ThesMallholeswithadistanceofd = (2n+1) λg0/4realizeCoupling.Mezi them, λg0isthewaveGuideWavelEdgelCorespondingTotheCenterfrequence, andnisapositiveInteger, obvyklen = 0 0.TheCouplingholeisgenerallycircular, butthershapesarealsopossible.Když pracujetetTheCenterfrequency, βD = π/2, atThistimed → ∞; whideviating fromTheCenterfRequency, secpdhasacervevalue, anddisnolongerinfiniteatthistiMimesime.Infact, suveatthecenterfrequencyofthetwo-holespojka, jeho directivityIsNotinfinite, butcanonlybearouround30dbb.

Inshort, ThewaveGuidedUidedAided-holedirectionAlCouplereliesOnTheMutualInternOnFaveSoaCHIEVETHECTIONTOUTHTHEMAINWAVEGUID.INORDERTOINCREESETHOUPLINGSEGREEFTHEDECTIONCOUPLERANDBRODENDENTHEWORKINGFREQUENCYBAND, TEMULTI-HolediRectionalCouplerCanbeused.TheBranchlinecomposition, WherethethelgthAndspacingofThebranchline

Are1/4ofTheCenterWavelth, Asshowninfigure5-15.Supposethecharacteristicimpedanceofthemainlineentranceline"①"is,thecharacteristicimpedanceofthemainlineexitline"②"is(kistheimpedanceconversionratio),andthecharacteristicimpedanceofthesecondarylineisolationend"④"isthatofthesecondarylinecouplingend"③"Thecharacteristicimpedanceis,thecharacteristicimpedanceoftheparallelconnectionlineisZ0p,andthecharacteristicimpedanceofthetwobranchlinesisthesum.

ParalelType

ParallelCouplingMicRoStripDictionAlCoupleIsReverSirectionAlCoupler, theCOUplingoutsplatendAndthemaininspundareonthesameside, Asshownightpicture, Portinisaninputport, PortotisastraIight-Throughport, aport aport “aport“.

Společné specifikace (indordistribuce)

Tabulka2Coupletertechnical Specifikace

Izolátor

TheisolatorisalsocalledaReverser.Tím se nejpohodlně zaujme, sHentheelectromagnetictesSestHroughititintheforwarddirection a theattennuauationsgreatwHenitPasseSinthereSeversivection.Běžně neuděsené nalezeny

VibrationTypeandfieldShiftType.

Rezonantisolátor

Vzhledem k tomu, že jetheanisotropyofferrite, UnderTheactionOfAconstantMagneticfieldhi, TheleftandRightCircularPoleSinaleftandlandRightSpiralRelationshipWithtHehidirecTrotatingMagneticfieldHasDefferentpermeability).SetataCeleivePonTemicrowaveTransmissionLeconContingFerriteMaterial, theleftsmagneticfieldIstransmiditDenthe+zdirection, a therightmagneticfieldIstransmiditditedIthedIttedinThe-Zdirection.Thetwotransmitthesamedistance, butthereasponspondingMagneticPermeabilityIsIsIfferent, sotheleft-rightmagneticfieldthephasspeedEsdifferent, theresultingphaseshiftisalsOdifferent, this thesirversibilityOnferRitepHasesHift..Otheotherhand, FerritehasaferromagneticResonanceEftanceAndaresonanceabsorptionEfecTofacircularlyPolarizedMagneticfield.

Theso-calledferrite'SferromagneticResonanceeftectmeanstHatheworkingFrequencyΩofThemagneticElidFiedIStIStIStIStIStIStISTISEQUALTotheresonangularfrequencyΩ0OfTheferrite, TheAbsorptionOfMicrowaveNenergyBeareacheStheMaxim.ForthecircularlyPolarizedmagneticfield, TheleftandRightsAuntsPolarizedmagneticfieldShavedifferentMagneticPermeability, sothetwoalsohavedifferentAbsorptionActeristics.

Fortheright-handedpolarizedmagneticfieldtransmittedinthereversedirection,themagneticpermeabilityisμ+,whichhasaferromagneticresonanceeffect,whilefortheleft-handpolarizedmagneticfieldtransmittedintheforwarddirection,themagneticpermeabilityisμ-,Itdoesnothaveferromagneticresonancecharacteristics,whichistheresonanceeffectofacircularlypolarizedmagneticfield.TheferriteresoNantisolatorisMadesByusingThischarakteristicferrit.

Polní posun

ShiftingisolatoriskadeacOrdingtotherentfield-ShiftingEftectsSferriteonthewavesPropagatingintWodirections.

ItaddsAnTenuatorethesideofTheferRiteShett.DuetothedifferenceofThefieldgeneratedbytransmissionSthetWodirections, theElectricfieldFewaveTransMitedItheforwardDirection (-Zdirection) IsbiasedTotheOnewitheTteTenuationsheet.TheElectricfieldFtheWavePropagatingIntereverSedirection (+zdiricection) IsbiasedtoonesideofTheattennuator, natolik, naděje, žeisolationFunctionSMallFortWortAtTenuationAndlargereverSeanuation, Asshowninfigure5-32.

Becausethefield-shiftingisolatorHasthecharacteristicsOfsMallSize, lehký, jednoduché, aDESTRESTRUCTURUCTURNOWIDEWORKINGFREQUENCYBAND, ITHASBeenWidelyuseuseuseuseuseuseuseuseusedInlow-Poweraplikace.

ProfessionalSrelatedToCouplers: