Základní definice
Consumptionstructurestudiesthatresidentschangewiththeincreaseoftheirtotalconsumptionexpenditure.Althoughthetermconsumptionstructureiswidelyused,theacademiccircleshaveaprecisedefinitionofitTherearedifferentunderstandings,andrepresentativeviewpointsare:theproportionalrelationshipofdifferenttypesofconsumptionmaterialsthatpeopleconsumeintheprocessofconsumption;intheprocessofconsumptionbehavior,thepercentagesofvarioustypesofconsumergoodsandlaborservicesinquantityandtheirmutualrelationshipTheproportionalrelationshipbetweenthecoordinationandsubstitution;theproportionofvariousconsumptionmaterials(laborservices)formedinthecontradictorymovementofdemandandsupplyinthetotalconsumptionexpenditureandtheirmutualrelations;varioussocialfactorsintheprocessofpeople’sdailyconsumptionThesumoftheinterrelationshipsandquantitativeratioswithinnaturalfactorsandbetweensocialfactorsandnaturalfactors.Theseviewshavelaidthefoundationforpeopletostudytheconsumptionstructureindepth,butthesedefinitionsalsohavesomeshortcomings.Theconceptofconsumptionstructureisonlydefinedasaproportionalrelationship,whichdoesnotreflectitsconnotation,anddoesnotreflecttherequirementsforqualityandthecoordinationbetweenqualityandquantity..
Consumptionstructureshouldincludetheunityofqualityandquantity.Thequalityoftheconsumptionstructureincludesthequalityofconsumerproducts,thecoordinationofvariousconsumerproductsinlifeconsumption,theconsumptionenvironmentandtheabilityofconsumerstoenjoyvariousconsumerproducts,andtheyalsodirectlyreflectthecomfortandconvenienceintheprocessoflifeconsumption,andpeoplePsychologicalandspiritualenjoymentandpleasure.Thequantityofconsumptionstructureistheunificationofthephysicalquantityandvaluequantityofvariousconsumptionobjects.Theconsumptionstructurecanbedefinedfromthestipulationofqualityandquantityas:thecompositionandcoordinationdegreeofvariousconsumptionobjectsthatpeopleconsumeintheprocessoflifeconsumption.
Referstotheproportionofdifferentcontentanddifferentformsofconsumptionintheoverallconsumptionandtheirmutualrelationship.Forexample,accordingtotheactualcontentofpeople'sconsumption,consumptioncanbedividedintothestructureoffood,clothing,shelter,use,andtransportation;accordingtotheformofconsumption,consumptioncanbedividedintothestructureofphysicalconsumptionandserviceconsumption.
Consumptionstructurealsoreferstotheproportionalrelationshipamongvariousconsumptionmaterialsusedfordailyconsumptioninacountryinacertainperiodoftime,aswellasthevariousconsumptionpatterns,consumptionpatterns,variouslevelsofresidents,andconsumptionlevelsinvariousregions.Thesumofproportionalrelations.
Klasifikace
①Physicalconsumptionstructureandvalueconsumptionstructure.Theformerisrepresentedbyaseriesofconsumptionmaterialsandthephysicalnamesandquantitiesofconsumptionservices,whilethelatterisrepresentedbythequantityandproportionofvariousmonetaryexpendituresinpeople'sincome.InChina,thecurrentphysicalstructureofactualconsumptionalsoincludesacertainamountofself-sufficientphysicalconsumption,whichisgenerallynotrepresentedbythevaluestructure.
②Macroconsumptionstructureandmicroconsumptionstructure.Theformerreferstotheconsumptionstructureoftheentiresociety,indicatingtheoverallconsumptionquantityandproportionalrelationship,andgenerallyreflectstheconsumptionstructureofacountryoraregion.Thelatterreferstotheconsumptionstructureofafamilyorindividual.Itreflectstheconsumptionstructurefromaconsumptionunitandbecomesthebasisofthemacroconsumptionstructure.Theformerisadaptedtothenationaleconomicsituationandthelevelofnationalincome,andthelatterisadaptedtothechangesinconsumerincomeandthepriceofconsumptionobjects.
③Consumptionstructureofdifferentsocialgroups.Forexample,theconsumptionstructureofpeasantfamiliesandtheconsumptionstructureofurbanworkerfamilies.
Ovlivňující faktory
Thechangesinconsumptionstructureareaffectedbymanyfactors.Mainly:socialproductivitydevelopmentlevel,socialeconomicsystem,industrialstructure,consumerincomelevel,consumerproductpricesandconsumerdecision-making(guidance),demandstructuredeterminedbythesocialstructureandnaturalstructureofthepopulation,consumerpsychologyandconsumerbehavior,Naturalenvironment.
Průmyslová struktura
1.Agriculture,lightandheavystructuredirectlyaffectconsumptionstructure
2.Theimpactoftheinternalstructureofagriculture,light,andheavyontheconsumptionstructure
Forexample,whetherthestructureofplanting,animalhusbandry,andaquaculturewithinagricultureisreasonable,andwhetherthestructureoffood,meat,poultry,eggs,andmilkisreasonable,Theconsumptionofaquaticproductshasadirectimpact.
3.Theemergenceofnewindustrysectorsalsohasanimpactonthechangesintheconsumptionstructure
Thedevelopmentofhigh-tech,thecontinuousemergenceofnewindustriesandnewproducts,andthecontinuousdevelopmentofnewconsumptionareaswillpromotetheoptimizationoftheconsumptionstructure,upgrade.
Residentincome
Incomelevelisthemostimportantandbasicfactorthataffectstheconsumptionstructure.Anincreaseinincomelevelmeansanincreaseinpurchasingpower,whichmayexpandconsumptionintermsofextensionandconnotation.Inthepast,onlythemostbasicconsumptionneedscanbemet,andhigh-levelneedscanbemet.Thiswillinevitablychangetheconsumptionstructure.Analyzetheimpactofincomelevelonconsumptionstructurefromthefollowingaspects:
First,theimpactofincomeonthelevelofconsumptionstructureandthelevelofconsumptionneeds.Thestructureofneedsandconsumptionisconstantlychangingfromlow-leveltohigh-level.Themainreasonforthischangeistheincreaseinincomelevels.
Role
Inspectingtheconsumptionstructure,thepurposeistograspandexplorethechangingtrendofconsumption,adjusttheindustrialstructureandproductstructureintime,andlinkuptherelationshipbetweenproductionanddemand;atthesametime,itcanbeusedtoanalyzeandEvaluatetheeconomicefficiencyofacertainindustrialsystemandmeasureandtestthestatusofpeople’sneedsbeingmet.
ReasonableconsumptionstructureAcertainconsumptionstructureistheproductoftheinteractionbetweenacertaindemandstructureandasupplystructure.Atthesametime,acertainconsumptionstructureinturnhasapositiveimpactonthedemandstructureandsupplystructure,orpromotestheimprovementofsupplyandthesatisfactionofdemand,ordelaystheimprovementofsupplyandthesatisfactionofdemand.Establishingareasonableconsumptionstructuremodelistherequirementofimplementingaplannedcommodityeconomyandrealizingthenationaleconomicdevelopmentstrategy.InChina,thecurrentlyrecognizedreasonableconsumptionstructurehasthefollowingcharacteristics:consumptioncompositionmustbecompatiblewiththepopulationcompositionanddemandcompositionofthesociety;informationfeedbackfromconsumptiononproductionmustbeusedtomakethesupplystructuremoreconsistentwiththedemandstructure;andenvironmentalprotectionmustbeused,Therationaldevelopmentofnaturalresources,therationaluseofenergyandthemaintenanceofthebalanceoftheecologicalsystemarecompatible;itmustbeconducivetotheconstructionofsocialistspiritualcivilization.
Consumptionstructureisconstantlychangingwiththecontradictorymovementofdemandandsupply.Toexaminetherationalityoftheconsumptionstructure,weshouldalsoexamineitschangingnature.Thebenignchangesinconsumptiondataarereflectedas:theproportionofsurvivalmaterialsinconsumptionexpenditureshasgraduallydecreased,andtheproportionsofdevelopmentmaterialsandenjoymentmaterialshavegraduallyincreased;invariousformsofconsumptionexpenditures,theproportionoffoodhasgraduallydeclined,andtheproportionofclothingandsupplieshasgraduallyincreased.;Intheproportionoffoodexpenditures,theproportionofstaplefoodshasfallen,whiletheproportionofnon-staplefoodshasrisen;intheconsumptionexpendituresforwear,theproportionofpurchasesofmid-range,high-endconsumergoodsandconsumerdurableshasrisen,whiletheproportionoflow-endproductshasfallen;inhousingconstruction,Theproportionofinvestmentinnewconstructionandexpansionincreased,whiletheproportionofmaintenanceinvestmentdecreased;theproportionofcommodityconsumptionincreased,buttheproportionofself-sufficientconsumptiondecreased;intotalconsumption,theproportionofserviceexpenditurerose,whiletheproportionofcommodityexpendituredecreased;theproportionofspiritualconsumptionincreased,Theproportionofmaterialconsumptiondrops,andsoon.Inthegeneraltrendofpositivechanges,apartialreversetransformationinacertainperiodcannotberuledout.Forexample,foodexpenditureshaveincreasedduetoimprovedsupplyconditionsandincreaseddemandquality.
Engelův koeficient
Fromtheproportionoffoodexpenditureintotalhouseholdexpenditure,onecanroughlyinfertheleveloffamilylivingstandards.ThiswasproposedbytheGermanstatisticianErnstEngelinthemid-19thcentury.TheproportionoffoodexpenditureintotalhouseholdexpenditureiscalledtheEngelův koeficient.[Engelův koeficient=(foodexpenditure/totalhouseholdexpenditure)*100%]
IftheEngelův koeficientistoolarge,itwillinevitablyaffectotherconsumptionexpenditures,especiallytheincreaseindevelopmentmaterialsandenjoymentmaterials,andlimitconsumptionlevelsandconsumptionQualityimprovement.AdecreaseinEngel'scoefficientusuallyindicatesanimprovementinpeople'slivingstandardsandanimprovementintheconsumptionstructure.