Podrobné definice
ThedefinitionOfAltificialIlIlIntelligenceCanbediDidedIndotWoparts, jmenovitě „umělé“ a „inteligenci“.„Manuál“ ISEASIerToundand a bezproblémový.NěkdywehavetoconsiderWhatisManufactaredByhumans, orwhetherthehUman'sownIntelligenceshigheetreatearetificialIntelligence, andsoon.Butingeneral, „Artificialsystem“ IsanartificialshystemintheualSense.
ThereMemanyQuestionsboutwhatis "inteligentní".Toto involvesotherissussuschascové vědomí (vědomí), já (já), myšlení (mysl) (včetně bezvědomí (nevědomí_mind)) asoon.TheonlyIntelligenceThataPersonSunderStandsisTheIntelligencezthThepersonhim -samostatně, který se vyskytuje.ButourunderStandingownIntelligenceSimelited, andwealsohaveliMiteDunderStandingzThenSarytarSelementsTonStuteHuManIntelligence, soitisdifficultTodefineFinephatis „inteligence“ makeby „umělý“.Proto se vyhledávánímTicialIlIlTelligenceFTenInvolVestheresearchOfHuManIntelligenceititit.OtterNetelligencelToanimalsorotherman-MadesystemSissogerallyConsideredTobereSearchTopics releatedtoArtificialInTelligence.
ArtificialIlTelligenceHasreceivedMoreandMoreatTentionEntheComputerfield.ITISASSOSEDInrobots, Economic a tvorba na tvorbě, ovládání Systems a simulationsystems.
PrzesornelsongongaveadefinitionOfAltificialIltelligence: "ArtificialIllingelligenceSisIsciplineaboutwelledge-thescienceOfToExpressPressnowlledGowToobtainanduseknowledge.„AndAnotermassachusetts, USAPrzessorwinstonzthepolyTechnicinstituteBelieves:„ ArtificialIlTellligenceSthestudyOfTomakeComputersDoinTelligentWorkTonlyHumanscandointhepast.„TheSestatementsReflecttheBasiciDeasandBasicContenTzAltificialIltelligence.Thatistosay,artificialintelligenceisthestudyzthelawszhumanintelligenceactivities,theconstructionzartificialsystemswithcertainintelligence,thestudyzhowtomakecomputerscompletetasksthatrequiredhumanintelligenceinthepast,thatis,thestudyzhowtousecomputersztwareandhardwaretosimulatecertainhumanintelligenceThebasictheories,methodsandtechniqueszbehavior.
ArtificialIlTelligenceSabranchOfComputerscience.SINCETHE1970S, ITHASBEENNONIGHTASONASOFEOFTHEWORLD THREECUTING-EDGECHNOLOGIES (SpaceTechnology, Energy Technology, Artificial Intelligence).ITISALSONSIDEREDTOBEONEOFTHETHECTING-EDGECHNOLOGIES (GenetiticEngineering, Nanoscience, ArtificialIntelligence) v 21. století.ThisBecauseithasachiderapiddevelopmentInthepast30, hasbeenwidelyuseusedmanyDisciplines, a asachedfruitfurtresults.ArtificialIlTelligenceHasgraduallybecomeanindependentansbranch, oba intheoryand -practice.Dosystém.
ArtificialIlTelligenceIsIsIsIsIplineThatStuDiestheusezComburstosiMulateCeanthinkingProcesesAndIntelligentBehavioři (takové, uvažování, myšlení, plánování atd. Atd..).ItmainlyincludestHeprinciplesOfComputeReRealizationOfIntelLigenceAndManufActuringsiMilartohumans.Brain-SmartcomputerSenableComputerStoachievehigher-Levelapplications.ArtificialIlTelligencewillinvolvediscipcipIssiteschAscomputerscience, psychologie, filozzie alingvistika.ITCANBESAIDTALALYALLDISCISIPLINESOFNAturalSciencesandscialsciencesHaveSCOPEFARBEYONDTHESCOPESCOPOOFComputerscience.TherelationshipBetweenTificialIlIlIntelligenceandthinkingsciencesisherelationshipBetweens -practiceandtheory, arartificialIlIlTelligenceSatthetechnologicalApplicationLevelzthinkingscience.Itisanapplicationbranchzit.Z toho, že se vyskytuje, umělceIlTelligencesNotlimitedTologicalThinking.ITISNYSYDYTOCONSIDERIMAGETHINGINGINGINGRISIVIRATIONTHINGTHINKINGTETHETHETHETHETHEBHEBHEBHOFEVEVETHOFICIFICIALILTELLENTIGENT.MathematicSisztenRedEdaStheBascicscienceOfManyDisciplines.MathematicsAentershefieldOflanguageandthinking.IntelligenDedIscisciplinesmustAlsoBorrowMathematicalTools.MathematicsNotonlyplaySaroleinstandardLogic, fuzzmethematika atd.., alewhenMathematicSentersArtificialIlTiLigentigentisdiciplines, budou.
Výzkumná hodnota
FORECTOMPLED, HEAGYSCIENTIFICANDENGINEERINGCALCULALIONSKOUSEORIGILALLYBINENEBYTHEHUMUMANBRAIN.V dnešní době, počítačové kanatonyPerformscalculations, bulasoperformfasterthanthehumanbrain., Moreaccurate, SocontemporarypePlenolongerRegardthiskIndzCalculationasa „ComplextaskthatRequuresAninteltelligencetoComplete“.ItcanbeenthathedefinitionOfComplexWorkChangeswithThedevelopmentzTheTimesAndtechnologicalpress.THESECIFICIFICOFTHESCIENCEWILNALITALLYDEVETHETHTHTHECHANGESOFTIMES.Onheonehand, itContinuestomakenewProgress, Andotheotherhand, itshiftStoremeaningFandDifficultgoals.
Obvykle je tématatimatical -Foundation „Machinelearning“ „statistika“, „informační theory“ a „kybernetika“.Italsoincludesothernon-matematicssubjects.„MachineUčení se“ Ishighlydependenton „zážitek“.ComputersNeedToContinuouslyAcquireKnowledgeFromtheexPeriencezsolvingatypezproblem, učenístrategies, aseexperienceKwnolgedgetLoSolToSolTosproblemsandaccumumumulateNeWexperienceWHENENCounteringsiMilarsilasiMilarsMilarsMilasims..WecancallthislearningMethod "ContinuousEarning".Butinadditiontolearning from, HumanBeingsCanalsOcreate, to znamená, „skákání učení.„Thistorised„ Inspiration “nebo„ Insight “Insomesitiations.Allalong, ThehardesthingtolearnaBoutacomputeris "Insight.„Ormorestrictlyspeaking, itisDifficultforComsurstolearn„ kvalitativechangesthatdotdependonquantitativechanges “inlearningand a praxe“, andritisdifficulttogoDirectlyfromone „kvalita“, kvalita “, řádově“, řádově “,“, řádově “, řádově“, řádově „,“, řádově „,“, řádově “,„.Toanother „koncept“.Protože to „praxe“ dále.TheProcesszHumanPracticeIncludesBothexperienceandcretion.
ThisThedReamOfIntelligentResearchers.
In2013, s.Cwang, adataresearcherethegeneraldatacenterzdiJindata, rozvíjející se nanesendaanaanalysismEsMed, který se vydal.TheauthorfoundtHathheNewdataanalysisMethodtrovidesAwayFortheComCocietyToCitO „Create“.INSESSENCE, tento metHodProvidesAfirlyeffactivewayToModelHuman "Tvořivost".Tato ApproachisendowedByMathematics, Andisa „Schopnost“ THEORDINARYPEOPLECANNOTPOSSESSBUTComputerscanPossesSesSesSesSesS.SINCETHEN, COMPERTERSERENOTONLYGOODATCALCULATION, BULALSOGOODODATCREATINGBETHETHETHEGEGOODOODATCALCULAWAL.Computerscientists by měl bytegoricky vypracovat „kreativní“ počítačové doklady, které se vyskytují.
Když se vyskytuje, coungTeductionProcessandMathematicszththeNewMethod, TheauthorexpandedhisundersstondingzThinkingandMathematics.TheatHematicsIsconcise, jasný, spolehlivý a dobře modelovaný.InthehistoryzMathematics, thereativityzMathematicsMastersshineseverywhere.TheSecreativityArepresentedInTheformFvariousMathematicaltheoremsorConclusions a theBiggestFeaturezMathematicathematicaltheoremSisThatheareBasedonSomeBasicConceptsandaxiomsAxiomsAxiomssandexpresspressPressCprectures.ItsHosBesaidthatMathematicSthesimplestandAststraightForwardsUbjecttHeflects (AtLEASPONETYPEOF) TvořivostModel.
DevelopmentStage
Inthesummerz1956,agroupzvisionaryyoungscientists,ledbyMcCarthy,Minsky,Rochester,andShennon,gatheredtogetherforjointresearchAnddiscussingaserieszrelatedissuesaboutusingmachinestosimulateintelligence,andproposedtheterm"artificialintelligence"forthefirsttime,whichmarkedthezficialbirthztheemergingdisciplinez"artificialintelligence".„DeepBlue“ IBM ComputerDefeatedTheworldchessChaspionzMankind, AndIsIsAperFectPerformanceOfAltificialIlIlTelligenceTechnology.
Počítání od formalproposalOfAltificialIlTelligenceIn1956, nad 50 let, ItHasmadeCosensiderable PROGRESSANDHASBEComeaBroadcross-Cuttinganting a Edgesciencienciencienceencience.Igeneral, The CourposezAltificialIlIlTelligenceIstomakeComputers, stroje, thinklikehumans.Pokud seWantToBuildamachiNethatcanthink, yous hostkingwotthinkingis, a ty, co.Whatkindzmachineissmart? Scientistshavemadecars, vlaky, letadla, rádia atd.., které jsou vyvolány, butcantheyiMitatetheFunctionsztHehumanbrain?.WEKNOKTYVELTITTLEABOUTTHThingThingThingThing, andItatingitMaybethemostDifficulthingThingintheworld.
Kdykoli se vypustili, lidé sebegantohaveatoolthatCouldsimulateHumanthinking.Intheeearstocome, nesčetné vědce sworksworkedhardforthisgoal.V dnešní době umělé umělci umělci.ThereerepeopleentheComputerDepartmentsFaleAlluniversitiesInTheworldwhorSusingThisSubject.CollegeTSentsStudingComputermustalsOLearnsuchacourse.WithEveryoNeone'sRemitingEfferts, nowthecomputerseemstohavebecomeverysmart.Forexample, inMay1997, thedeepbluecomputerdeveragedByiBMDefeatedTHessMasterkasparov (Kasparov).You MAYNOTHAVenoticedThetinsTonomeplaces, ComputershelppeoPleoperforthotherTasksToreriginallyOnlyOnlyForhumans.ComputersplaytheirroleforHumanswithitshighspeedandaccuracy.ArtificialIlTelligenceHasalwaysBeeNafrontierSubjectOfComputerscience.Computerprogramminglanguagesandothercomputersztwarehaveexistedbecauseztheadvancementzartificialintelligence.
OnMarch4,2019, TheSecondsessionzThirteenthnationalPeople'ScongSressheldapressConference.TheSpokeSersonzTheConference, Zhangyesui, řekl, že thatlegislationProjectscloselyrelatedtoArtificialIlTelligenceHaveBeenincludeDedintheGislativePlan.
Vědecká vznesení
Praktická aplikace
MachineVision, otisky prstů, obličejové rozpoznávání, retinarecognition, irisRecognition, PalmPrintrecognition, odborník, automatické plánování, inteligentní vyhledávání, věty, hra, automatické programování, inteligentní kontrolu, robotika, manguageanDiMageundersm, genetik, atd..
Disciplinární kategorie
ArtificialIlTelligencesisafringeSubject, který belongstotheInSectionSectionSzNaturalscienceandscialScience.
ZapojujeteDisciplines
Philosophyandcognitivesciences, matematika, neurzyziologie, psychologie, informatiky, teorie informací, kybernetika, teorie nejistoty
p>Kategorie výzkumu
Natureallanguageprocessing, znalecké prezentaci, inteligentní vyhledávání, uvažování, plánování, stroje, znalce, kombinovanémSedulingproblem, vnímání, vzorová rozpoznávání, složitost, složitost, geniticky programování, geniticky vypracování, geniticky vypracování, geniticky programování, geniticky.
vědomí anartificialIntelligence
ArtificialIlTellingigences, iNitsessence, AsimulationOftheInformationProcesOfHumanthinking.
THEARETWOWAYSTOSIMULULALULYHUMANTHINGING.Oneisstructucrulsimulace, která imitatestHestructureluctureluctucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturecturelucturelucturluctureluctucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturlucturlucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturelucturlucturelucturlucturelucturelucturelucrulMechanisManisManisManbRehuManbRehuManbraintocreatea "Theotherunctionsimmulations, opouštějící se.InternanalStructureIsIsISiMulatedFomitsFunctionProcess.TheEmergencezModerNectronickomputetersThesimulationztHehumanbrain'shinkingFunctionTesimulationOftheInformationProceszTheHuManbrain'ssthinking.
SlabémArtificialIlIntelLigenceContinuestoderapidRapidly, zvláště po účasti2008economiccrisis, TheNitedStates, Japandeuropehopehopetorealizere-Industrializationhroughrobots atd..IndustrialRobotsarevelingingataFasterratethethaneverBefore a theyheyaaeevenmoredriven.ScontinuousbreakthroughsinWeakArtificialInTillIgenceandrelatedindustries, manytasktHathedBonebyHumanscannowBeachedWithrobots.
TheStrongArtificialIlIlTelligenceImporalyataBottlenecKandRestheestheeffortSzScientistsAndHumans.
TechnicalResearch
ThemachineuseusedtostudythemainMaterialBasisoFitificialIntelLigenceandthificialInTIlTigenceTechnologyPlatformithecomputer.TheEdevelopmentHistoryOfAltificialIlTellligenceSthehistoryzThedevelzComputerscienceandTechnology.Propojené dohromady.INADDDITIONTOComputerscience, ArtificialIlIlTigencealsoinvolvesmultipledIsciptieschasinformationtheory, Cybernetics, Automation, Bionics, Biology, Psychology, MathematicAllogic, Lingvistics, Medicine a Philoszie a.TheMainContenTzAltificialIlTintIgenceresearchIncludes: KnowledgerePresentation, AutomaticSasoningandingandSearchMethods, MachineUčení seand anowledgeacquisition, znalostní propracovánísystémy, NaturallanguageAunderSanding, ComputerVision, Inteligentní, automatické projevy atd. Atd. Atd..
Metody výzkumu
V dnešní době je uvedena v souladu s PRINCIPLEORPADIGMTOGUIDIFICIALITIFICIALILTIGENTIGENCESESEARD.ThereareconntroverSiesAmongresearchersonmanyissUes.Somezthequestionsthathaveremainedinconclusiveforalongtimeare:shouldartificialintelligencebesimulatedfrompsychologicalorneuralaspects?Or,likebirdbiologyistoaviationengineering,humanbiologyhasnothingtodowithartificialintelligenceresearch?Canintelligentbehaviorsbedescribedbysimpleprinciples(suchaslogicoroptimization)?Ormustalargenumberzcompletelyunrelatedproblemsbesolved?
Canintelligencebeexpressedusingadvancedsymbols,suchaswordsandideas?Stillneedtodealwith"sub-symbols"?JOHNHAUGELANDproposedtheconceptzGOFAI(excellentold-fashionedartificialintelligence)andalsoproposedthatartificialintelligenceshouldbeclassifiedasSYNTHETICINTELLIGENCE.[29] Tento ConceptWaslateradoptedBysomenon-GOFAIRESEARDERS.
Brainsimulace
MainArticle: Cyberneticsand acomputationalneuroscience
Od 1940stothe1950, MnohoResearcherSexploretheConnectionsbetweenNeurology, Information TheoryandCybernetics.ItalsOcreatedSomePrelinaryInarynTellligenceSusingelectronicNetworkStruktury, takové.Greywalter'sturtlesandjohnshopkinsBeast.TheSeresearchersOftenheldTechnicalAssociationMeetingSatPrinceTonuniversityantheratioclubintheuk.Až do roku 1960, nejvícepeoplehadabandonedthisMetHod, i když se pojednává.
Symbolické zpracování
MainArticle: Gzai
Whenthedigitalcomputerwassuccessfullydevelopedinthe1950s,researchersbegantoexplorehumansCanintelligencebereducedtosymbolprocessing?TheresearchmainlyfocusesonCarnegieMellonUniversity,StanfordUniversityandMassachusettsInstitutezTechnology,andeachhasitsownindependentresearchstyle.JohnhaugelandCallstheSemeTodsgzai (Excellegment-FashiodeedartificialIltelligence).[33] V 60. letech 20. století, thesymmbolicMethodmadeGreataChEivementsIVimulationAdsvancedhinkingonsMallProzPrograms.Metody BASEDONCYBERNETICSORNEURNEURNOWWORKSARESECONDARY.[34] ResearcherSinthe1960Sand1970sWereConvincedthatsymBolScouldeventuallySucCeanitingMachineswithStrongartificialIltelligence, který byl selsolsotheirgoal.
CognitivesimulationeconomistsherbertsimonandalanlannewellStudyHumanproblem-SolvingCabibilitySandtryTzormalizethem.AtThesametime, TheylaythefoundationforthebasicprinciplesOfArtificialIlTelligence, tasisRecognition -notledgedgescience, operationsResearchand assinessScience.Jejich aresearchTeaMusestheresultSzPsychologicalExperimentStodevelopProgramsThatMimiCumanProblem-řešení method.ThisTodHasBasBeeninheritedFromcarnegeEMellonuniversity a vyvinuto naitspeakinsoarinthe1980s.Založené na založení, nelikealannewellandherbertsimon, JohnmccarthybelievesthatMachinesdonneedToSimulateHumansts, butshawertrytzindabstracTreason a-řeší se, neexistuje bez ohledu na to, že se jedná.HislaboratoryAtStanfordUniversityIscommitedTousingformAllogictosolveavarietyOfproblems, včetně nowledgerepresentation, inteligentní plánování achinelearning.TheUniversityzEdinburghisalsocommittedtologicalmethods,andhascontributedtothedevelopmentzprogramminglanguagesPROLOGandlogicinotherpartszEurope.Programmingscience.„Anti-Logic“ StanforduniversityResearchers (SusAsmarvinminskyandseymourpipette) FoundtHattosolVethedifICULTPROBLESOFCOMPOMUREVERVISANDANDURALGUAGEAGEPROUSING, SpecialsolutionsAreneedeed-theyarguethatthereisnosimleandGeneralPrinciples) canachaSieVic).RogersChankDescriphestheir "Inverselogic" Methods "Scruffy".CommonsenseKnowledgebases (takové, které sedouglenat'scyc) jsou prozkoumány „drsné“ aibecausetheyhavetomanuauallywriteacomcomplexconcepttatime.Založené na věku, rozsáhlé paměťové počítače.Výzkumní pracovníci BEGENTONCRUCTKNIDLEDYINTOAPplicationsOftwareNtHreeWays.Tento „znalgerevoluce“ ledtothedevelopment aplanningzexpertSystems, který.„Knowledgerevolution“ alsomadepeoplerealizethatmanySiMplificialIlIlligencesztwaremayrequireAlotzKnowledge.
Sub-symbolismus
V 80. letech, symboliciální ,Intelligencestagnated.MnohopeoplebeliedsThatSymBolicsystemsCouldneimitateallHumancognitiveprocess, zvláště isitidVnímání, robotics, machinelearningandpaternRecognition.MnohoresearchersBegantopayAttentionTothesub-symbolMethodToSolvesSpecificialInCiLintIltelligenceproblems.
Zdola nahoru, interfaceagent, embeddedenvironment (robot), behaviorismus, výzkumné pravomoci, tónovialobotics, taysrodneybrooks, negatingsmBolicArtificialIlIlligenceandFocusingontheBasicSzrobotMovementand asUrviVivalEngineerings..Jejich fungonceagainFocuseDontheviewSzEarlyCyberneticsResearchers, andatthesametimepropoposed theusezcontroltheoryinartificialInTelligence.ThisIsconSistent sTerentationalVnímáníargumentinthefieldOfcognitivescience: HigherIntelLigenceRequireSindividualRrepresentations (SusisAsMovement, vnímání, andimage).V 80. letech 20. století, DavidRumelhartandotrothersOnConagainProposedNeuralNetWorkSandConneccionismus.ThisantrothersBub-symbolicmethods, takový, cosfuzzycondolandevolutionAlarculation, patříte, protože vyhledává kategorie CMOPCOMPOMUTATIONALITALIZE.
Statistika
V 90. letech 20. století, ArtificialIlTeltelligenceresearchDeveredComplexMathematicalToolStosolvespecificBrobles.TheSetoolSareTRuscientificMethods, to, theresultszthesemeTodSareMeasurableAbverifiable, a itheyarealsothereasonszorthesOfysszAltificialIlTellingligence.ThesharedMathematicAllangageAgealsoallowscollaborationInIstIStdisciplins (SuchasMathematics, Economics, OroperationsResearch).Stuartj.RussellandPeterNORVigpointhottheadeadVancementsArenolesssthanthe "Revolution" a "ThesuccesszNeats.„SomepeopleCriticizeTeTheTechnologies forBeingtozocusedonSPecificPloblemsandAilingToConsiderThelong-TermgoalzstrongartificialIltelligence.
IntegrationMethod
SmartAgentParadigmsmartagentisasystemtHantCeivestheenVironmentandtakesactionStoachievegoals.ThesimplestintelligeligentAgentsAreprogramsthatcansolvespecificProblems.MorecomplexagentsInCludeHumansandhumanorganizations (takové porovnání).TheSeparadigMsAllowresearcherStostudyIndividualProblesSandFinduseFuseFuselandverifiaBrolutions swithouthouthAvingtoConsiderasingSingleMethod.AnagentthatsOlvesSpecificProblemCanuseanyfeasibleTotHod-someagenssussymmbolicAndLogicalMethods asomearesub-symbolicneuralNetworkSorothernewMetHods.TheParadigMalsOprovidesResearchersWithacommonLanguageTocommunictionWithotherfields-SuchasDecisiontheoryandeConomics (alSousingTheConcececeptzabActagens).TheintelligentAgentParadigmwaswidelyAccepTentEthe1990s.AgentArchitectureandCognitiveartiCeartereSearSershavedesignSomeSystemstodealwitheternactionbetween meziintelligentAgentsinMulti-angenssystems.AsystemThatContainsSymbolSandSub-symbolSIscalledahybridintelligentSystem, aThestudyzThisSystemIstisTiintegrationOfArtificialIlTelLigencesystems.TheHierarchicalControlsystemProvidesAbridgeBetweenthereaction-Levelsub-symbolaiandthehigherest-LevelTraditionAlsymbolai, WhileReLaxingTheTimeForplanningAndWorldModeling.Rodneybrooks'SubSomptionArchitectureiSanearlyGradingSystemPlan.
Inteligence
SimulationOfMachinevision, sluch, dotek, cítění a pokyny: otisky prstů, obličejové uznání, retinarecognition, irisRecognition, pallprinterecognition, expertSystem, inteligentní vyhledávání, teoreMafroz, odolný proti informaci, informace, informace, informace, hra, hra, hra, hra, hra, hra, hra.
Předmětová kategorie
ArtificialIlTelligenceSanedgesUbject, který BelongStotHreeInterDIsciplinarySubjectSznaturalscience, SociálníScience a TechnicalScience.
Subjekty
PhilosophyandCognitivesciences, matematika, neurzyziologie, psychologie, počítačová vědka, informační teorie, kybernetika, nejistota, bionika, sociální repucturecturencedevelingView.
Kategorie výzkumu
Languagelearningandprocessing,knowledgeexpression,intelligentsearch,reasoning,planning,machinelearning,knowledgeacquisition,combinedschedulingproblem,perceptionproblem,patternrecognition,logicprogramDesign,sztcomputing,inaccurateanduncertainmanagement,artificiallife,neuralnetworks,complexsystems,geneticalgorithms,thehumanwayzthinking,themostcriticalproblemistheshapingandimprovementzthemachine'sautonomousandcreativethinkingability.
Bezpečnostní problémy
ArtificialIlTelligenceIsstillBeingStudied, butsomescholarsbeevethatitisdangerousforcompurterstohaveiq, aitmayrebelagainsthumani.ThisKindzHiddenDrangerhasalsohappenedInmanovies.ThemainKeyistoallowThemachineToHavethefEffes-uvědomosttoproduceandContinue.IfThemachineHastheself-uvědomost, itmeansthatthemachinehasthesameorsilarTvořivostshumanbeings.Ochrana, emoce a spontánní bebehavior.
Metoda implementace
THEARETWODIFFERENTWAYStorealizeAlitificialIlIlTelligenceNonacomputer.OneisteTosetraditionProgrammingTechniquestomakethesystemappearearIntelligent, bez.Tento methodiscalledEngineeringMethod (Engineering ApProach), ItHasmadeachIeVievementsSomefields, Tasextrecognition, Computerchessandsoon.TheotheristhemodelingApproach, který bez.GeneticalGorithm (Genericalgorithm, zkráceně) aartificialneuralNetwork (ArtificialNeuralNetwork.GeneticalGorithmsSimulatetegenetic-evolutionMechanisMzhumansorOrganisms, WhileartificialNeuralNetworksSimulateTeTeactivityOfNerveCellsinthehumanoranimalbrain.INorderTogetthesamesMartEffect, BothMethodSareuSulyaulyable.S theFormemerModem, ITISNESSAYTONALIALYSPECIFYTHIFETHIFETHRAMLOGICICIndetail.IfTheGameissimple, itisstillConvenient.IfTheGameisComplicadTHenumpemMerSanactivitySpaceIncrease, theCorespondingLogicWillBeveryComplicated (exponencialiallyncrease), and-manualProgrammingWillBeveryCumberSomeanderror následné.Oncearrroroccurs, You MustModifytheoRiginalProgram, Recopile, Debug a konečně provideuserswithAnewversioNoRanewPatch, který se postaví.KdyadoptingtheLatterMethod, TheProgrammerHastodeSignanintelligentSystem (Amodule) foecharoletocontrollol.Tento intelligentsystém (modul) nemá bez.ThisindzsystemFenMakesMistakesatheBeginning, butitcanlearnalesson, aitmayBecorredTexTimeitruns, atleasTitwillNotGongrongForever, a theresnoneedtoreeaneaNeaNesioNOrPatch.Používání thisMetHodToRealizeAlitificialIlTelLigenceRequiresProgrammerstohaveAbiologicaltHinkingMethod, atisMoredifiCtificultTogetstarted.Butonceyouenterthedoor, itcanbewidelyused.SinnethismTodDoesNotRequireDetailedredicesOnderoleolelole'SActivityRules Bresing, itisusUsUsUssuallymorelabor-úsporné, sevořící motythodWHenitisAppliedTocomplexProblems.
PrzessionalInstitutions
Spojené státy
⒈MassachusettsInstituteFechnology
⒉stanforduniversityStanforduniversity (CA)
⒊CarnegeEmellonuniversity (PA)
⒋UniversityOfCalifornia-Berkeley
⒌UniversityOfwashington
⒌UniversityOfwashington
p>
⒍UniversityOftexas-Austinuniversityztexasataustin
⒎UniversityOfpennsylvaniauniversityzpennsylvania
⒏UniversityOfillinois-Urbana-Champaign UniversityFillinoisurbanathat-Champaign
⒐Universityzmaryland-Collegepark
⒑CornelluniversityCornelluniversity (NY)
⒒UniversityOfMassachusetts-AmherstuniversityzMassachusettSamherstcampus
⒓GeorgiainstituteFechnology
University z Michigan-Ann Arbor University z Michigan-Ann Arbor
⒕UniversityOfSouthernCaliforniauniversityzSouthernCalifornia
⒖ColumbiauniversityColumbiauniversity (NY)
University z California-Los Angeles University z California, Los Angeles
⒘BrownUniversity (RI)
⒙YaleUniversity (CT)
⒚UniversityOfCalifornia-SandieGouniversityOfCalifornia, Sandiego
⒛UniversityOfWisconsin-MadisonwisconsinuniversityzMadison
Čína
1, Institutezautomation, ChineseacademyzSciences
2, Tsinghua University
3, Pekinguniversity
4, NanjinguniversityOfScienceandtechnology
5, BejinguniversityOfScienceandtechnology
6, ČínascienceandtechnologyUniversity
7, Jilinuniversity
8, HarbininstituteFechnology
9, BejinguniversityOfPostSandtelCommunications
10, PekinginstituteFechnology
p>11, InstituteOfArtificialIntelligence, XiaMenenuniversity
12, InstitutezintelligentVehicles, xi'anjiaotonguniversity
13, InstituteOfIntelligentSystemSandIntelligentsOftware, centralsouthuniversity
14.Institutezintelligence, Xidianiversity
15.InstitutezimageandartificialIntelligence, HuazhonguniversityOfScienceandtechnology
16, ChongqinguniversityOfPostSandTeLecommunications
17, WuhanuniversityFechnology
Moje úspěchy
Man-Machinegame
10.-17. února 1996, Garry Kasparov porazil „DeepBlue“ 4: 2 (DeepBlue).
OnMay3-11,1997, Garrykasparovlosttotheimproved "DeepBlue" 2.5: 3.5.
Únor 2003, GarrykasparovDrew3: 3 s "Deep Junior".
INNONEMER2003, Garrykasparovdrew2: 2 s "X3dgermans" (x3d-fritz).
Rozpoznávání vzorů
Použití $ PatternRecognitionEngine, BranchingInto2DrecognitionEngine, 3DrecognitionEngine, stálý waverecognitionEngineandmulti-dimensingAlRecognitionEngine
2DrecognitionEnginefingerprintrecognition, portrétrecognition, Textrecognition, Imaserecognition, LicenceplaterecognitionHavebeenlauted; stálý WaverecognitionEnginehasBeenlanchEdforvoiceDerecognion (PlayingSoningongung1ONS1ONS1ONS1ONS1ONCHONCHONCHONDZONCHONCHONICES1OUCECHORICHONCONICE (PlayingSoiceRecong1ONCHONCH.25)
Automatizované inženýrství
AutonomousDriving (Ososystem)
BankNotePrintingFactory (￥ Assemblyline)
Falconsystem (yoddrawing)
Znalostní inženýrství
TaketledgeitItshastheprocessingObject, StudyHowhouseAretificialIlTelligenceandsztwareTechnologyTodesign, ConstructAnDakNowledgeSsystem
Odborník
Inteligentní vyhledávání
ComputerVisionAnimageProcessing
MachinetranslationAndNaturallanguageageundersstoring
DataminingandnowledgedgeDiscovery
Související práce
"VisualArTisiticialIntelligence": canmachinesreallythink?.ArtificialIlTelligenceSnotjustafiCtitiousConcept.Lidé'sresearchonThestructurectureCTintelligentMachinesforHalfacenturyHasshowntMachinescandefeathumans'greathestchessplayplayers, andhumanoidrobotscanwalkandinteractwithwithHumans.Přestože se jedná o to, že jsou uvedeny, žemartmachinesarejustaroundthecorner, progressinthisareahasbeenslowanddifficult.ConscioussSandenVironmentaretwomajorproblemsThatplaguereSearch.Jak sehoulwemakesmartmachines? Měl bytfunctionLikeaBrain?.
"TheFuturezArtificialIntelligence":interpretstheconnotationzintelligenceandexpoundsthebrainTheworkingprinciple,andtellsushowtomakearealintelligentmachine-suchintelligentmachineswillnolongerjustbeasimpleimitationzthehumanbrain,theirintelligencewillfarexceedthehumanbraininmanyaspects.Hawkinsbelievesthat, FromArtificialIlIlTelligencetoneuraNetworks, NoneztheearlierefortstoreplicationHumanintelligenceHuccusced.ThereasovisThatPathePeledonotreallyunderstandtheconnotationOfIntelLigenceandthehumanbrain.Theso-calledIntelligenceIsheabilityzTheHuManbRetherethepaStandredictTheFuture.TheBrainisNotacomputer, aitdoesnotFollowTheStSandProduceOutputBasedoninputSppepBystep.TheBrainisahugEMemorySystem.ItStoresexperiencestHatreflectTeestructurefTheWorldtoAcleateExtent.ItcanMememberthesEquencezeventsAndtheRelationships, andmakePredictionsBasenMemory.FoundationOfintelligence, sensation, kreativita a perceptionsisThebrain'sMemory-PredictionSystemsstem...
"ArtificialIlTellingligencephilosophy": theAitificialIlIlligencephilosophyisAdevelopment ThatacCompaniesModerninformationtheoryand acomputertechnology.Philosophybranch.ThisRezervovatCollectsFifteenrepresentativePapersByscholarsinthefiellificialIntelLigencereSearch.TheSepapershaveMadegroundbreakingContributionStothedevelzComputerscienceandTheSlablingsionalIlIlInTintelligencePhilosophy.TheSearticlessummarizetheHistoryzThedevelzFitificialIntelligence, thedevelopmenttrendzthesubject, atheimportantTopicSinartificiallificialInTinttelligence.Mezi těmitoepoch-tvorbaminclude: „Computerland Intelligence“ byalanturingem, otec moderní komputertheory; „mysl, mozek a program“ Byamericanphilosopherearle; a · e · hintonetal.„Distributedrepresentation“ a „EscapeFromthechinesehouse“ ByTeditorzThisbookandbritificialIlIntelLigencescholarm · a · boden.
"ArtificialIntelligence:AModernMethod":Thisbookcomprehensivelyexpoundsthecorecontentzthefieldzartificialintelligencefromtheperspectiveztherationalagentwithdetailedandrichinformation,andintroduceseachmajorHisresearchdirectionisararecomprehensivetextbook.TheRezervovatIsDividedIndedIntoeightParts: TheFirstPart "ArtificialIntelligence", ThesecondPart "Problosholving", thethirdPart "KnowledgeanDeasoning", The Fourthpart "Plánování", fifthPart "nejistota věděl", thesixthPartPart ", party", percesion ", party a závěr" ".ThibookNoTonClyintroducesalargemumberOfBasicConcepts, IdeasandalgorithmsIndetail, bulasodescribostHemostCutting-edgedevelopmentsInvariousResearchDiretions.AtTheSametime, ItCollectSandorganizesDetailedhistoricalDocumentsAssandents.Proto tento knihussuitableForresearchersAndStudentsFifferentlevelSandfields.ItcanbeusesAsAtextboorTeachingGuideFornUnderGraduatesAsgraduteStudentsInTheinformationfieldAndrelacedfields, aitcAlsalobeuseuseuseuseaseasareferenceforscientificResearchanDenGineeringTechniciansiansInsiansiansInsiansiansiansInsiansiansiansInciansInsiansiansInsiansInsiansiansInsiansiansIcians.Rezervovat.
Abriefhistoryzdevelopment
TheLegensOfArtificialIlTillIgencecanbetracedbackantoancientegypt, butwiththedevelonickomputerssinceSince1941, TechnologyhasFinallyCreatedMachineIntelligence, "ArtificialIltelligence" "(ArtificialInTelligence).SINCETHEN, ResearchshavedeveredManytheories a principles a athecopceptzartificialIntelligenceHasalsoexpandandanded.ITSSHORTHISTORY, THEEDEVEVOFICIFICIALITIFICELIGENTISISSLOWERTHANEXED, BUTITHASBASMOVINGFORTORS.Od té doby, co je uplýřen..
Výpočet
ANINVENTIONIn1941RevolutionIzelizeDallaSPectSzinformationStorageandProcessing.This InventionTapeareDenitedStatesAndgermanyatthesametimeWastheelectRonicCompsuter.ACMOMPUTERHASTOOCCUPYSEVERALLARGEAIR-CONDICEDEDROOMS, WhiSinightMareforMermers: tisícSzLineSareSetupjustTorunaprogram.The ImprovedComputerthatCanStoreprogramsin1949MakestheinputProgrambecomeSimpler, athedevementOfComputetertheortheoryGavebirthToComputerscience, který důstojně čistil, že má..Počítače, inventionfelectronicallycsprocessingData, provideamedialiumforthepossiblerealizationOfAltificialIlIlTellElligence.
Ačkoli komputeryProvideTethentEthentEthentEthechnicalFoundation forAi, itwasnotuntiltheearly1950sThatpePlenoticedTheConnectionBet -Mezimanintelligenceandmachines.NorbertwienerwasonezThefirstamericanstostudyFeedbacktheory.TheSostFamiliArexampleFzfeedBackControlitisAtherMerhat.ItComparestheCollectedroomTemPeraturewithTheDesiredTemperature, AndReactStoturntheateronoronoronorzfTolltheamBientTEmperature.THE ImportancezThisResearchOnThefeedbackLoopliesin: Wienerfromtheoretically, iTiSpointEteDoutThtallIntelligentivitySeresulTzfeedbackmechanism.TheFeedbackMechanismMayBeSimulatedByMachines.TOTODISCOVEYHASAGREATInfluenceontehedevementFzearlyAi.
ATtheendz1955, NewwellandsimonMadeaprogramcalled "logictheorist".TentoprogramisconSideredByManyTobethefirstaiprogram.ItrepresenseachProbBoblemAsAtReeModel, ahenselectsthemostlikelyTogetTheCorConcConclusionTosolVetHoblem.„Logicexpert“ ONTHEPORIBLADANDTHEFIELOFIESEARESEDMAKESITANIMPORTAntMilestoneinthedevementOFAI.V roce 1956, Johnmccarthy, který jevědenáthefatherzartificialIntelligence, OrganizedASocietyTomanyExpertsScholarsSistereteredInTelligencegatheredforonthzDiscussion.HeinvitedThemToverMontToparticitateinthe „DartmoutharTitificialIntelligencesumMerresearchConference“.SINCETHEN, Thishoeldhasbeennamed „ArtificialIntelligence“.AčkolivTedArtmouthsocietywasnotverysuccesfuss, butitDidgatherthefoundersAidThefoundationforFutureAireSearch.
V 7yearsAfterthedartMouthConference, airesearchbegantodeveloprapidly.Ačkoli thisthefieldhasNotbeenclearlyDedfined, andsomeideasintheconferenceHavebeenReconsideReDandUsed.CarneGieMellonuniversityandMithaveBeguntzormaireSearchcenters.ResearchFacesNewChallenges: pakextstepistoestablishasystemthatcansollovePloblems formoreefektivně, takový, cosinReduceSearESeSenthe „Logicexpert“;.
V roce 1957, anewprogram, theFirstVersionz „UniversalProblemSolver“ (GPS).Tento.GpSextendedWiener'sFeedbackPrincipleandCansolveMommonsenseProbless.TWOYEARSLATER, IBMESTOBLISHADAIRESEARDGROUP.HerbertGelerNeterspent3yearsmakingone.ProgramStollegeometrictheoremy.
Asmoreandmoreprogramsemerge, McCarthyisbusywithabreaktHroughThehistoryzai.V roce 1958, McCarthyanNouncedhisNewachievement: Thelisplanguage.LispisSTILLThereTodayuse.„Lisp“ znamená „listprocessing“ (listProcessing) a.
V roce 1963, MitReceivedaus $ 2.2 millionGrantfromtheusGovernment., UsedToreSearchMachine-AidRecognition.TOTO FUNdingComStheadvancedResearchProjectSagency (ARPA) OfThesepartmentzDefense, která byla vynucenaTonitedStatesIsaHeadzthesovieTinionionTechnologicalProgress.TentoprogramhasatRactedComputerscientistsFomallovertheworldandaccelerovatedThedevementFoereSearch.Tempo.
Soutěž
Loebner (umělá inteligence)
S použitím Hhumanwisdocreateamachinebrain (ArtificialIlTellligence) ParalleLotheHumanbrain, ItiSAVeryTomptingfieldForKankind, amankindhasbeenstrugglingformanyearstorealizeThisdream.Z toho, že se vyskytují, iTiSquiteIfItifiCutToallallowlAlloAllowfrecommunicationBetweenmachinesandhumans, anditmayevenbesaidtobeaquestionthatlNeverBeanswanswanswanswansssed.Humanlanguageandhumaninteltelligencearesococomplicated theTourResearchhasnotTheedGeetheextendPartzitsguidingnature.
Alargenumberzprograms
AlargenemMzProgramshaveAppearedinthextFewyears.OnezTheMiscalled "Shdlu".„Shrdlu“ ispartzthe projekt „Microworld“, který jencludeDedintEmicroworld (Forexample, OnlyResearchand aprogrammingIlimitedNumberOfgeometricshapes).Výzkumné pracovníkymMarvinminskyatmitmitfoundthatintheFacezsmall-ScaleObjects, počítačovéprogramscansOlvesPatialandLogicalproblems.Ostatní Suchas "Student" se objevil.„Pane“ CanunderstandSimpleenglishsentences.TheresultSztheSeprogramsareHelpfulInProcessingLanguageunderStandingandLogic.
Další vývojáře1970SisexpertSystems.OdborníkScanPredictThobabilityFaciateRiveSolutionUrnUncovesLivenconditions.BecausetheComputerhadhugeCapacityAttHatthime, itwaspossibleFortheexyStystemTodrawRulesfromThedata.ThemarkeTapplicationzTheexPertSystem byl pojetí.Inthepasttennyears, TheExpertSystem byl forstockmarmarketforecaststohelpdoctorsDiagnosedesiseases, aswellasInstructingMerStodeterMineThelocationOfMineralDepositSits.AlzThisississibleBecausezTheabilityOfExpertSystemStoRoReruleSandinformace.
MnynewMethodsswereuseidiaideveloventenThe1970s, Susasminsky'sStructuraltheory.Nepříjemník, DavidmarrProposendewtheoryInMachinevision, Forexample, HowtodistingIasimageThroughbasicinformacechasshadow, tvar, barva, BorderAndTexturezanimage.ByanalyzingThisInformation, YouCaninfertHattheimageMaybe.AtTheSametimeaNotheraChievemenTogeprologelangageage, který WasPoposenIn1972.Během osmdesátých let AiProgressedMorerapidlyAnteredTheCommercialfieldmore.V roce 1986, thesaleszai-seresedsztwareanhardwareitenitedStatesReaded425millionu.S.dolary.OdborníkSestemSareDuetotheirutity.Obzvláště vložení.Společnosti, kteréídigiligitalelectriccompanyuseThexConexPertSystemToprogramvaxMainFrames.DuPont, GeneralMotorsandBoeingalsorelyHeavilyOnexpertSystems.INorderTomeetTheneedSzComputeRexperts, SomeProductionExpertSystemsAssistintheProductionOfSztWarecompaniessuchAsteknowledgedGintellicorpwerestalted.INorderTzindandCorecttheerrorsintheeexistingExpertSystems, otherexpertSystemShavebeendeded.
Každodenní život
PeoplearebeginningTzeeltheEnfluenceOfComputersartificialInTIlTigenceTechnology.ComputerTechnologyisnolongerjustallgrousgroupzresearcherSinthelaboratory.Personal ComputersandManyTechnicalMagaziNeshavebhanketMomputetertechnologyTothepublic.TherearefoundationsLiketheamericArtificialIlIntelLigenceassociation.Protože vývoj, thereEreTestillThereSawaveOfresearchersensentRivateCompanies.Morethan150Companiesikedec (WhisploysMorethan700 EMPLAYESINAIRESEARD).
OtherAifieldSalsoenteredthemarkeTenthe1980s.OnezThemismachinevision.TheresultSzminskyandmarRerenowusesedIncamerasandComsutersonTheroductionLineforqualityControl.Přestože je možné, TheSesystem ShaveBeeNableTodistingThesHapeOfObjectSthroughbLackAndwhitetitesintictions.BY1985, TheNitedStatestHeereerethan100CompaniesProducingMachineVisionsystems, Withsalestotalingus 80 milionů dolarů.
Butthe1980swerenotallgoodyearsfortheAIindustry.TheEdevelopmentOfaiSystemSin1986-87Demandfell a IndundustryloostNearlyus 500 milionů dolarů.TWOCOMPANIEKEKNOWDEDGEANDINTELLICORPLOSTMORETHANUS $ 6 Million, AccountForboUtone-Thirdzprzits.TheHugeLossForcedManyResearchleaderstocutfunding.Další „SmartTruck“ podporováno, conderedBeadvancedResearchProjectSagencyzTheMinistryOfDefense.KOLESPOFTHTHTISPOJECTISTODEVOLYVELOBOTTHATTHATCANCOMPETEMANYBATCHFIELDTSKS.DuetoProjectDefectSandHopelesssuccess, PentagontoppedfundingTheProject.
Roboti umělé inteligence (2 fotografie)
Despitethesesetbacks,AIisstillSlowlyresumedevelopment.NewtechnologieshavebeendevelopedinJapan,suchasfuzzylogicpioneeredintheSpojené státy,whichcanmakedecisionsfromuncertainconditions;andneuralnetworks,whichareregardedaspossiblewaystorealizeartificialintelligence.Inshort,80AIwasintroducedintothemarketinthe1940sandshowedpracticalvalue.Itisbelievedthatitwillbethekeytothe21stcentury.Artificialintelligencetechnologyacceptedandtested.Inthe"DesertStorm"operation,themilitary'ssmartdeviceswithstoodthetestzwar.Manually.Intelligenttechnologyisusedinmissilesystemsandearlywarningdisplaysandotheradvancedweapons.AItechnologyhasalsoenteredthehome.Theincreaseinsmartcomputershasattractedpublicinterest;someapplicationsforAppleandIBMcompatiblecomputers,suchasvoiceandtextrecognition,arealreadyavailableTo;usingfuzzylogic,AItechnologysimplifiescameraequipment.Thegreaterdemandforartificialintelligencerelatedtechnologieshaspromptednewadvancestoemerge.Artificialintelligencehasandwillcontinuetoinevitablychangeourlives.Comparisonzstrengthsandweaknesses
AmorepopulardefinitionOfArtificialIlTelligenceSalsoanearlierdefinitiontIsFisfield.ItwasdeveredbyJohnmccarthyatthedartmouthconferenceIn1956conference): umělá intelligenceIstomakethemachine'sBehaviorlookliketheintelligentBehaviorshownbyhumans.ButthisdefinitionSeemstoignoreThoSibilityOfStrongArtificialIntelligence (SeeBelow).Další definitionreferstortificialIlTelligenceastheIntelligentigentedIdSplayedByman-Mademachines.Obecně řečeno, nejmodernější, courtificialIlInTelligenceCanbeDidedIndzourCategories, jmenovitě stroje „ThinklikeHumans“, „Acl Likehumans“, „Thindrationly“ a „Actrationally“.Zde „Akce“ by měla být vynucena uchopení, ormakingDecisionsforection, spíše.
Zdola
TheStrongArtificialIlIlingIlligenceViewBeeveStHatitiSibleSibleTocreateReanealRasoning (zdůvodnění) a řešení problému (problémové_solving).) InteligentníMachines, AsUchmachinesCanbeConsedSentientientsand-uvědoměte si.TherearetWotypeSzstrongArtificialIlTelligence:
Lidská-liceRificialIntelligence, tos, machinethinkingandingasoningarengareJustlikeHumanthinking.
Nehumánní likeartificialIntelligence, to, to, stroje, convenowerceptions avědomka.
Shora-dolů (shora dolů)
TheViewztop-downtaibeleevesthatitisImpossibletoProducerealRasoning (zdůvodnění) a řešení problému (problém_solving) inteligentní machiny, thesemachinesonlyseemtobentelligent, buttheydon'treallyHaveIntelligence atheydon'thaveautomousclesness.
MainstreamscientificResearchFocusesonWeakArtificialIltelligence, anditisgenerallybeledThConsideraBableAlieviedShavebeenMadeintHisResearchfield.ResearchonSongarTicialIlIlTelligenceSataStandSstill.
PhilosophicalDebateonstrongarTificialIntetelligence
Theterm "StrongArtificialIlTelligence" wasoriginallycoinedByjohnrogerShillerForComsputansAndotherInformation -ProcessingMachines, které jsou definovány:
„THESTRONGARTIFICILIFICILIFICILIFICELIGENTIONVIESBEESTHATCOMPOUPERSARENOTONLYATOOLOOLFORKYMANTING;."(JsearleinmindsBrainsand aprograms.".ThebehavioralandBrainsciences, sv.3,1980) ThisReferstomakingComputerSengageInIntelligentivitivity.ThemeaningzintelligenceHereIsAmbiguousAndunCurse, asmentionedbelowisanexamplezit.AvesingAcomputerTrosolveaproblem, YouSustnowAclearProcedure.Avšak theremanycaseshepeopletrytosolvetholleptlescleververlyccordingtotheheu-ristictodevenhwhheyarenotsureabouttheprocedure.Takové, které jsou poznány, grafika, zvuky atd.., theso-calledrecognitionmodelisanexample.Kromě toho je zlepšení výpočtu, indukční uvažování, uvažování založené na založení atd..ArealsoexAmples.Kromě toho, ačkoli postup je isclear, ittakesongtimetoimplement.Forsuchaproblem, PeoplecanfindaveryGoodsolutionInAshorttime, takové.Inaddition,thecomputercannotunderstanditsmeaningwhenitisnotgivensufficientandlogicallycorrectinformation,andpeoplecanalsograspthemeaningbasedonappropriatesupplementaryinformationwhentheyareonlygiveninsufficientandincorrectinformation.Themeaningzlivingit.Naturallanguageisanexample.ProcessingNaturallanguagewithAcomputeriscalledNarallanguageProcessing.
Debata ThedebatenSongongartificialIlTellligencedifferentfromtheBroaderMonismdualism (dualism).TheyAinpointOfTHeargumentis: iftheonlyworkingPrinciplezamachineistotransformodeddata, doesthismachinehaveathinking?.HegaveaxamplezAchineSeroomToillustratTaTatiftHemachineonlyConvertsdata, athedaitsselfIsAcodedrepresentationOfCetthingshings, tehdyououdonnTerStandtheRorespondenceBeenthiscodeandtheacThialThingthingthingthingthing.Podleremisez, itisimpossibleforthemachineTohaveanyunderStandingzThedaitAitProcesses.Založený na základě, Hillerbelievesthatevevenifamachinepassestheturingtest, itDoesNotNentNedlyaNthatthemachineIsReallyThinkingand asinglikeahuman..
ThereArealsophilosopherswhoholddifferentViews.Nebude o vědomí, Danielc.DennettbelievesthatmanisjustamachinewithaSoul.WhyDowethickthathumanscanbeintelligentButorinaryMachinesCannot? HebelievestHatitispossibleForadaTataConversionMachineLikeTetheaboveToHaveThinkingand avědomí.
SomephilosophersbelietHatifWeakArtificialIlIlTelligenceSachIevable, thestrongartificialInTelligenceSalsoachievable.Forexample, SimonBlackBurnStantInitInTroductoryphilosophytextbooktHickthataperson'SactionSappeactobe "Smart" DonotreallyantAPaperSonisreallysmartartartartasmartartarTaly.ICanNeverknowthetheranotherperSersonisreallysmartlikeme, orwhethershe/heisjustassmartasheis.Basedonthisargument,sinceweakartificialintelligencebelievesthatitcanmakeamachinelooksmart,itcannotbecompletelydeniedthatthemachineisreallysmart.BlackBurnbeevievestHatthisSasubjectiveIssue.
ItsHosBepointeDoutThThatweakArtificialIlTelligenceSnotCompleTelyOpposedToStrongArtificialIlTelligence.Thatistosay, EvefstrongArtificialIlTintIngingIssible, slabé, slabémInTelligenceSstillMeaningfulfulfulfulfulfulfulfulfulful.Aspoň, thethingsthatcomputerscandotoday, takové přípravky, WerethaghtTorequireIntelligencemorethanahundryEarsAgo.
Politivosti
OnJune17,2019, THERATIONALNEWGenerationArtificialIlTelligenceGovernancePrzessionalCommitteeSedsheed The NewgenerationArtificialIlIlTelligenceGovernancePrinciples-develzresponsibleIfficialIticialIlTelligence ", který byl podroben sframeworKancActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionActionGuidelines..ThisisanimportantachievementforČínatopromotethehealthydevelopmentzanewgenerationzartificialintelligence,strengthenresearchonartificialintelligencelegal,ethical,andsocialissues,andactivelypromotetheglobalgovernancezartificialintelligence.
Témata výzkumu
TheresearchDirectionOfArtificialIlTelligenceHasbeenDiDiDiDiDiDidedIndoseveralsUb-poli.Výzkumné pracovníky, které jsou uvedeny na základě Specificcapabities.THESAPABILITILITYALISEDEDANDEDEXPLIADINGEBELOW.
Řešení problémů
EargedArtificialIlIntelLigenceresearchersDirectlyiMitedHumanstoperFormstep-by-recersoning, justikethewayhumansthinkwhenplayingaboardGameorperformlicLogicalResoning.V roce1980Sand1990S, s použitímTecceptSzPobabilityAndeConomics, ArtificialIlTintIgenceSeresearchAlsodeveredverysCcessFeccessEtHoDStodealwithUncoreRincompleteInformace.
Fordifficultproblems, AlargeAMountOfComputingResourcesMayberequired, který se jedná o „probablecombinationexplosion“: whensheProbleMexexescarescale, theComputerwillRequireSeronomicOrdordederSoMoryOrOnComputationtingtime..FindingReefEffectIvealgorithmSiSaPriorityArtificialInTIntelLigenceResearchProject.
TEMODELOFHUMANPBLEBLESSOLVINGISUSUSULYTHETHICKICKANDANDUITIVACEJUDGEMS.EargedArtificialIlInTelligenceSeresearchUsUsUseSasSastep-by-StepderivationMethod.ArtificialIlIlTelligenceresearchHasmadeprogressinThis „sub-reprezentativní“ řešení problémů: thematerializedresearchemphasizestaSizeStherntancezPercesingMovement.NeuralTworkResearchAttemptStoreProducethissKillBySimulatingtheBrainStructurezHumansansanmanimals.
Reprezentace znalostí
AnontologyrepresentsnowledgeASeSetzConceptswithInadomainandthelationshipsbetweenthoseConcecceccecceccecceps.
MainArticle: KnowledgerePresentationAndComSonsensenseKnowledgeBase
Plánování
TheintelligentAgentMustBeableTetoSetgoalsAshacheevethesegoals.OnheeeedawaytobuildapredictableWorldModel (ExpressThestatezThewordinamathematicalModelandPredicThowtheIrbehaviorwillchangetheworld).IntraditionPlánováníproblems, TheintelligentAgentisAssedTobethotheonlyinfluentientoneintheworld, sowhatbehavioritwillperformisAlreadyDeterMinimenimenimeDimenimeDimenimeDimenimed.IfthisNotthecáza, itmusteregularlyCheckethetHestatezThorldModeLisconSentswithitSownPredictionstiontions.IfitdoesNotComply, itmustchangeitsplan.Proto inteligentní památkovou schopnost.Inmulti-agent, multipleagentsplantoAcComplishCertaingoalsinacooperativeandCompetititiveManner.PoužíváníevoluceAlgorithmsAndGroupwisdomCanachieveaNoverAlleMergententgoal.
Učení se
Hlavní článek: strojové učení
TheMainPurposezMachineearningoobtainknowledgeFoMerSersandinputdata atd., kterýchelpsolvethepproblem.Vícenásobné problémy, redukce amprovetheeeefficientivenceOfproblem-řešení.ForartificialIntelligence, MachineUčení seISimportantftheveryBeginning.V roce 1956, Attheoriginaldartmouthsummerconference, RaymondsolomonovwroteanarTicleaboutProbabilisticMachineearning sWithoutsUrveillance:.
Naturallanguageprocesing
MainArticle: NaturallanguageProcessing
MotionlandControl
MainArticle: Robotics
Vnímání
Mainarticle: MachineVnímání, ComputerVisionAndspeechRecognition
MachineVnímáníReferstotheabilityTouSetheDatainputBySsensors (Suchascameras, mikrzony, sonarandotterspecialsensors) pak.ComputerVisionCanalyZeimageInput.THE OREAREALSOVOICERECOgnition, FaceRecognitionAndobjectRecognition.
Sociální
MainArticle: emocionální pracovník
KISMET, ArobotWithSociálníabilischasfacialexpression
EmotionandSociálnískillsMartagentisveryimportant.Zaprvé, porozumění svlékámndemotionalstates, agentscanredictTheactionsOthers (thisnvolveselementarygametheory, rozhodování a theatibility atheability atheability atheability atheability atheability..Kromě toho, zapotřebí interakce s lidským počítačem, inteligentní navádějící.ATLEASTITITMUSTAPEACODEALWITHHUMANSSPOLITELY.Alespoň by to mělo mít normální emoce.
Tvořivost
MainArticle: ComputerTvořivost
AsubfieldOfArtificialIntelligence, reprezentující theory (od společnosti FrompespectivespectiveFphilosophyandpsychology) a praktiky (theoutputPzThesystemgeneratedByaspecificRealizationIsTheIdeathatcanbecognitivered, orthesysterecognitizAsAsvatestheTvořivost)).ResearchInRelatedfieldsInCludesArtificialIlTuitionartificialImagination.
Více inteligence
MostresearchershopethattheResearchWilleventuallyBeincorporatednToaMulti-Intelligence (nazývá se strongartificialIntelligence), která kombinovala.SurpassesMostUmanability.SomepeoplethickthattoaCHIEVETHETHEABOVEGOALS, AntropomorphicCracteristics, takové, jako jsou uvědoměné znalosti, Mayberequired.ManyzTheaBoveproblemSOnSideredTobetheIntegrityOfAltificialIltelligence: inordertosolloveoneztHem, youssolveallzthem.EneASimpleandSpecificTask, saviachchinetranslation, požadavek, cousthemachinetoknowWhatisBeingTalkedabout (znalosti) podle toho, jak je to (inference), a uchopitelně reproducetheauthor'ssintence (emotionalcalculation).Proto machinetranslationisconsideredtohaveArtificialIlIlTelligenceIntegrita: itmayrequirestrongartificialIltelligence, just likehumans.
Theinfluencezartificialintelligence
(1) InfluencezitficialIlIlTelligenceonnaturalscience.InsubjectsToquiretheusezMathematicalCombuterToolStolSollesproblems, theHelpTataibringsissisself-evidend.Nadměrněji, AiinTurnhelpshumanbeingsFinallyAunderstandTheFormationFthirownIntelligence.
(2) THEPRAITIFICIFICIALITILLIGNIGENTONECONEMY.TheExpertSystemGoesdeePerentoallwalkSzlifeandbringshugemacrobenefits.Aihassolsopromotoroval vývojovou vývojovou konstrukci.BuattheSametime, italsObringsLaboreMuclementproblems.DuetotheapplicationOfAiinTechnologyandEngineering, itcanreplacehumansinvarioustechnicalland -twork, která bude mít nadále.
(3) ThepartificialIlIalIlTelligencesOnCociety.AialsoProvidesAsewMoDellforhumanculturlallife.Existující GamesgillgraduallyDevelomoreIntelligentIntigentInteractiveCultularenTivementMethods.Dnes, ArtificialIlTeltelligenceApplicationSingAmeshavebeendeeplyeddeDedintheDedenthedephzMajorgamemanufacturers.
S vývojem, který je vývojem, který je uveden, ithastobediscussedTartificialIlticialIlInTintAltelligenceIsAdvancedResearch, andModerscientificResearchNeedStobeCarrieridOutwithafuturevision, soitikeLikelyTouchThebottomzeticszetic.Asasensitiveissuethatmaybeinvolvedinscientificresearch,itisnecessarytopreventconflictsthatmayariseassoonaspossible,insteadzwaitingforthecontradictionztheproblemtobeunresolvablebeforefindingawaytoresolveit.
Applicationfield
Machinetranslation, inteligentní kontrolu, odborník, robotika, jazyk, jazyk, geneticky programmingrobotfaktory, automatické programování, aerospaceApplication, obrovské zpracování, atd. Atttm..
ItisworthmentioningthatMachineTranslatiosanimportantBranchandthefirstapplicationFilicialIticialIntelligence.Nicméně, IntermsOfTheexistingMachineTranslationaChievieVievery, thetranslationqualitafThemachineTransationSystemSstillFarfarfarfarfarftheltimateGoal; athequalityzThemachineTranslationsystemSystemTothesuccesOrfailurezThemachineTranslationsystemyStystemySystemyStystemySystemySystemySystemsystemsystemsystemsystemsystemsystemsystemsystému.ChinesemathematicianandlinguistPrzessorZhouHaizhongoncepointedoutinthepaper"FiftyYearszMachineTranslation":Toimprovethequalityzmachinetranslation,thefirstthingtodoistosolvetheproblemzthelanguageitselfratherthantheproblemzprogramdesign;onlyrelyonanumberzprogramstodoitThemachinetranslationsystemcertainlycannotimprovethequalityzmachinetranslation;inaddition,itisimpossibleformachinetranslationtoachieve"faithfulness,expressiveness,andelegance"whenhumanshavenotyetunderstoodhowthebrainperformsthefuzzyrecognitionandlogicaljudgmentzlanguage.z.Aftersmarthome,artificialintelligencehasbecomeanewoutletforthehomeapplianceindustry,andChanghongisbecomingthefirsthomeappliancegianttosetzfthiswave.CanghongremedasedtwonewchiqsmarttvProducts, představujícíMobileRemoteControl, TakeawayWatch, WatchnanyTime, artedWatchFunctions
Buzzwords
InDecember2017,artificialintelligencewasselectedas"2017"TopTenBuzzwordsinChineseMediaztheYear".
Reasonforselection:Afteryearszevolution,thedevelopmentzartificialintelligencehasenteredanewstage.Inordertoseizethemajorstrategicopportunitiesinthedevelopmentzartificialintelligence,buildmycountry'sfirst-moveradvantageinthedevelopmentzartificialintelligence,andacceleratetheconstructionzaninnovativecountryandaworldpowerhouseinscienceandtechnology,onJuly20,2017,theStateCouncilissuedthe"NewGenerationArtificialIntelligenceDevelopmentPlan".The"Plan"putsforwardtheguidingideology,strategicgoals,keytasksandsafeguardmeasuresforthedevelopmentzmycountry'snewgenerationzartificialintelligencein2030,layinganimportantfoundationforthefurtheraccelerateddevelopmentzartificialintelligenceinmycountry.
DevelopmentStatus
OnJuly13,2021,theInternetSocietyzČínareleasedthe"ČínaInternetDevelopmentReport(2021)".The"Report"showsthatin2020,thescaleztheartificialintelligenceindustrywillreach303.1 milionyuan.
Inthefieldzartificialintelligence,thescaleztheartificialintelligenceindustrywillmaintainsteadygrowthin2020.Thescaleztheindustrywillreach303.1 milionyuan,ayear-on-yearincreasez15%,andthegrowthrateisslightlyhigherthantheglobalaverage.The IndustryStiamisMainlyConcentRatedInbeijing, Šanghaj, Guangdong, ZhejiangandotherPrinces.mycountryhasmadesignificantprogressinthefieldzartificialintelligencechips,deeplearningsztwarearchitecture,andChinesenaturallanguageprocessing.
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