Americká psychologická asociace

Historie vývoje

TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationwasestablishedatClarkUniversityinMassachusettsinJuly1892.StanleyHallwasitsfounderandthefirstPresident.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationisanorganizationthatrepresentstheAmericanpsychologyprofessionandthescientificdevelopmentofpsychology.Itsmissionistopromotethedevelopmentofpsychologyasascience,aprofession,asameanstopromotehealth,education,andtheprosperityofmankind.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationencouragesallbranchesofpsychologytodevelopinthebroadestandmostfreemanner,advocatestheimprovementofpsychologyresearchandresearchmethodsandconditions,improvesthequalificationsofpsychologists,andformulatesandmaintainstheprofessionsthatenablethemembersofthesocietytoreachthehigheststandards.Ethicsandconduct,andincreaseandpromotepsychologyknowledgethroughmeetings,discussions,reports,anddistributionmaterials.

PředchozíPředseda

• 2003PhilipG.Zimbardo (PhilipG.Zimbardo)

• 1998 MartinEPSeligman

• In1989JosephDominicMatarazzo(JosephDominicMatarazzo)

• 1980 FlorencieL.Dánsko

• 1974 AlbertBandura (AlbertBandura)

• GeorgeA.Miller v roce 1969

• Abraham Maslowin 1968

• V roce 1965, JeromeBruner (JeromeBruner)

• V roce 1959 WolfgangKeller (W.Kohler)

• JoyPaulGuilford v roce 1950

• Ernestin1949·ErnestR.Hilgard

• 1947 Carl R. Rogers

• 1939 GordonWillardAllport (GordonWillardAllport)

• 1937 EdwardChaceTolman (EdwardChaceTolman)

• 1924GranvilleStanleyHall (GranvilleStanleyHall)

• 1915 JohnBroadusWatson (JohnBroadusWatson)

• EdwardLeeThorndike v roce 1912

• William James v roce 1904

• John Deweyin 1899

• Münsterberg v roce 1898

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• G.Fullertonin1896

• JamesMcKeanCarterin1895 (JamesMcKeenCattell)

• 1894 William James (William James)

• 1893G.Ladd

• StanleyHall (GranvilleStanleyHall) v roce 1892

Vývoj sdružení

InInthepast110years,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationhasundergonemanyreformsandchanges.Forexample,itchangedtheearlyrequirementsformembersfrom"aslongastheyareengagedinanyworkthatcanimprovepsychology"totoday'srequirementtoobtainadoctorateinpsychologyorrelateddisciplines.

TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationhasgonethroughseveralstagesinthedevelopmentprocess:

První etapa

Continuouslystandardizeitsrequirementsforrecruitingmembers.Thestandardforrecruitingmembersdidnotbasicallyreachthecurrentscaleuntilafter1920.

Druhá fáze

Continuouslyimprovetheacademicstatusofthesociety.In1925,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationacquiredsomestablepsychologypublications,suchas"PsychologicalLetters","PsychologicalReview","PsychologicalIndicators",etc.,therebystrengtheningthesociety'sstablepositioninthepsychologycommunity.

Třetí etapa

Graduallyevolvedintoanorganizationbasedonappliedpsychology,graduallyregulatingthestandardsofpsychologyatalllevels.

BeforetheoutbreakoftheSecondWorldWar,someclinicalappliedpsychologistsweredissatisfiedwiththeAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.Theyfeltthatthissocietyunderestimatedappliedpsychology,sotheywereindependentfromtheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationandestablishedtheAmericanApplicationAssociationofPsychologicalSocieties.

AftertheSecondWorldWar,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationchangeditsfocusandincreaseditsrecognitionofthebranchofclinicalappliedpsychologyinordertomeetthemassivedemandforclinicalpsychologytalentsintheUnitedStates.TheU.S.governmentprovidedlargesumsoffundingtouniversitiestotrainclinicalpsychologytalentsinordertomeettheneedsinthisregard,whichhassincechangedthefocusoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.Ithasgraduallyevolvedfromanorganizationfocusingonpsychologicaltheoryandresearchwhenitwasestablishedtoanorganizationfocusingonappliedpsychology.ThebranchstructureoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationwasalsoformedaftertheSecondWorldWar.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationhas54branches,eachofwhichisarepresentativebranchofpsychologyaftercarefuldivision(seetheattachedtable).

Afterthe1950s,someresearchersintheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationgraduallyfeltthatthesocietynolongerrepresentstheinterestsofscienceandexperimentalpsychology,andsplitfromtheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationandestablishedtheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationseparately.Association(AssociationforPsychologicalScience,formerlyknownasAmericanPsychologicalSociety,abbreviatedasAPS).

TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationhasestablishedtheAmericanProfessionalPsychologyExaminerCommittee,whichsetstheregulationsforprofessionallicensesandisresponsibleforadministeringvariousexaminations.Inaddition,thesocietyhasbecomethefilinginstitutionfortheDoctorofClinicalPsychology,theDoctorofSchoolPsychology,andtheDoctorofPsychologicalCounselorProgram.

Čtvrtá etapa

Forthenationalpolicyservice,widelydisseminatepsychologicalknowledgeandinformation.Since1970,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationhasgraduallypaidattentiontovariouspublicpolicyissuesrelatedtopsychologyintheUnitedStates.Forthisreason,theOfficeofAPANationalPolicyStudieswasestablishedin1979toparticipateinvariousU.S.governmentThedepartmentstudiesandformulatespublicpoliciesonpsychology.After1980,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationspentalotoftimeandresourcesonthedisseminationofpsychologicalknowledgeandinformation.Duringthisperiod,PsycINFOwasestablished.PsycINFOistheelectronicabstractdatabaseoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,includingmagazinearticles,books,bookchapters,reports,andpapers.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationistheorganizationthatpublishesthemostpsychologybooksandmagazinesintheworld."AmericanPsychologist"isitsofficialpublication.

Asociační systém

Členství je rozděleno do tří úrovní:

(1) Neformální členové, zejména ti, kteří získali magisterský titul;

(2)Členové musí mít doktorát;

(3)Seniorové, kromě doktorského titulu, nejméně 5 let pracovních zkušeností.

Skupinové členství

TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationhadonly31membersatthebeginningofitsestablishment.ItdevelopedrapidlyafterWorldWarII.By2002,ithadmorethan155,000members.

TherearefourtypesofmembersoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.:

Členové družstva

Členové družstvaarerequiredtoobtainpsychologyorrelatedMaster'sdegreeinsubject.

Studentské členství

Anyundergraduateormaster'sdoctoralstudentinpsychologycanapplyforstudentmembership.

Členství učitelů

O členství učitele se může ucházet každý učitel psychologie.

Mezinárodní členství

OtherpsychologistswhodonotliveintheUnitedStatesorCanadacanapplyforinternationalmembershipoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.

Odborné kapitoly

Asof1996,therewere53professionalchapters,includingtheGeneralPsychologyAssociation,thePsychologyTeachingAssociation,theExperimentalPsychologyAssociation,thePhysiologyandComparativePsychologyAssociation,andtheDevelopmentalPsychologyAssociation.7Regionalchapters:EasternPsychologicalAssociation(1930),MidwesternPsychologicalAssociation(1938),NewEnglandPsychologicalAssociation(1963),SoutheasternPsychologicalAssociation(1955),WesternPsychologicalAssociation(1938),SouthwesternPsychologicalAssociation(1954),LosAngelesPsychologicalSociety(1930).Therearealso53localchapters.AnacademicannualmeetingisheldinAugustandSeptembereachyearforacademicexchangesandthegeneralelectionofthechairmanofthesociety.

Thereare54professionalchaptersoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation:

1.Společnost pro obecnou psychologii

2.SocietyfortheTeachingofPsychologySocietyforExperimentalPsychologyandCognitiveScience

4.Ne4. zasedání, viz poznámka 1

5.QuantitativeandQualitativeMethodsAssociationforQuantitativeandQualitativeMethods

6.SocietyforBehavioralNeuroscienceandComparativePsychologyAssociationforBehavioralNeuroscienceandComparativePsychology

7.DevelopmentalPsychologyAssociationforDevelopmentalPsychology

8. Společnost pro osobnost a sociální psychologii

9.SocietyforthePsychologicalStudyofSocialIssues(SPSSI)SocietyforthePsychologicalStudyofSocialIssues(SPSSI)

10.SocietyforthePsychologyofAesthetics,CreativityandtheArts

11. Ne11. zasedání, viz poznámka 2

12.SocietyofClinicalPsychologyAssociationofClinicalPsychology

13.SocietyofConsultingPsychologyPsychologicalCounselingAssociation

14.SocietyforIndustrialandOrganizationalPsychologyAssociationforIndustrialandOrganizationalPsychology

15.EducationalPsychologyAssociationofEducationalPsychology

16.Školní psychologieAsociaceškolnípsychologie

17.SocietyofCounselingPsychologyAssociationofCounselingPsychology

18.PsychologistsinPublicServicePsychologistPublicServiceAssociation

19. Společnost pro vojenskou psychologii

20.Asociace pro rozvoj a stárnutí dospělých

21.AppliedExperimentalandEngineeringPsychologyAssociationforAppliedExperimentalandEngineeringPsychology

22.RehabilitationPsychologyAssociationforRehabilitationPsychology

23.SocietyforConsumerPsychologyAssociationforConsumerPsychology

24.SocietyforTheoreticalandPhilosophicalPsychologyAssociationforTheoreticalandPhilosophicalPsychology

25.Asociace analýzy chování pro analýzu chování

26.SocietyfortheHistoryofPsychologyAssociationfortheHistoryofPsychology

27.SocietyforCommunityResearchandAction:DivisionofCommunityPsychology:DivisionofCommunityPsychology

28.Psychofarmakologie a zneužívání látek

29. Společnost pro rozvoj psychoterapie

30.SocietyofPsychologicalHypnosisPsychologicalHypnosis

31.State,Provincial,andTerritorialPsychologicalAssociationAffairsNational,ProvincialandRegionalAffairsPsychologicalAssociation

32. Společnost pro humanistickou psychologii

33.IntellectualandDevelopmentalDisabilities/AutismSpectrumDisordersAutismSpectrumDisorderAssociation

34.SocietyforEnvironmental,PopulationandConservationPsychology

35. Společnost pro psychologii žen

36.SocietyforthePsychologyofReligionandSpiritualityAssociationforReligiousandSpiritualPsychology

37.SocietyforChildandFamilyPolicyandPracticeAssociationforChildandFamilyPolicyandPractice

38.SocietyforHealthPsychologyAssociationforHealthPsychology

39.PsychoanalýzaPsychoanalýzaAsociace

40.SocietyforClinicalNeuropsychologyClinicalNeuropsychologyAssociation

41.Americká psychologie-právní společnostAmerická psychologie-právní společnost

42.Psychologové v nezávislé praxi

43.SocietyforCoupleandFamilyPsychologyAssociationforCoupleandFamilyPsychology

44.Společnost pro psychologickou studii lesbických, gayů, bisexuálů a transgenderových problémů

45.SocietyforthePsychologicalStudyofCulture,EthnicityandRaceCulture,RaceandEthnicPsychologyResearchAssociation

46. ​​Společnost pro mediální psychologii a technologii

47.SocietyforSport,ExerciseandPerformancePsychology

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48.SocietyfortheStudyofPeace,Conflict,andViolence:PeacePsychologyDivisionPeace,ConflictandViolentBehaviorResearchAssociation:PeacePsychologyBranch

49Společnost skupinové psychologie a skupinová psychoterapie

50.SocietyofAddictionPsychologyAddictionPsychologySocietyforthePsychologicalStudyofMenandMasculinity

52.Mezinárodní psychologie

53.SocietyofClinicalChildandAdolescentPsychologyClinicalChildandAdolescentPsychology

54.SocietyofPediatricPsychologyPediatricPsychologyAssociation

55.AmericanSocietyfortheAdvancementofPharmacotherapy

56. TraumaPsychologyAsociation of TraumaPsychology

Poznámky:

1.Thereisno4thbranchbecauseitwasoriginallyplannedasthe4thbranchin1945.ThePsychometricSocietyrefusedtojoinAPA.

2.Thereisno11thchapter,becausein1946the11thchapter:AbnormalPsychologyandPsychotherapywasmergedintothe12thchapter:SocietyofClinicalPsychology).

Nastavení ocenění

Inordertorecognizepsychologistswhohavemadecontributionstopsychology,variouspsychologicalscienceawardsaresetup,whichareselectedonceayear.

TheOutstandingContributionAwardforPsychologicalScience

Založena v roce 1956, odměňuje ty, kteří významně přispěli k rozvoji psychologie. Každý rok jsou vybráni tři lidé a cena 1 000 USD a certifikát.

OutstandingContributionAwardfortheApplicationofPsychology

Establishedin1973,itisawardedtothosewhohavemadeoutstandingprogressorthemostexperienceinunderstandingorsolvingmajorpracticalproblems.Aprizeof1,000USdollarsandacertificate.

OutstandingContributionAwardinOccupationalPsychology

Recognizememberswhohavemadecontributionsinthefieldsofknowledge,publicandprofessionalpractice.

OutstandingContributionAwardforthePopularizationofPsychology

Torewardthosewhohavemadecontributionsinpopularizingpsychologyknowledgeandsolvingdifficultsocialproblems,withaprizeof1,000USdollarsandacertificate.

Ocenění za mimořádný přínos pro mladé psychology

Establishedin1974torewardyoungpsychologistswhohavemadecontributionstopsychologyresearchanddevelopment,andaward500bonusesDollarsandawards.Somewell-knownpsychologistsestablishedtheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APS)in1988becausetheyweredissatisfiedwiththetendencyoflearningtoemphasizeapplicationratherthanbasics.Published15publicationsincluding"PsychologicalDigest","PsychologicalReview","AmericanPsychologist","JournalofExperimentalPsychology","PsychologicalBulletin","JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology",and"Psychology——Professioninthe21stCentury:ScientificProblemSolverandotherworks.

Příspěvky

Inthehistoryofthedevelopmentofmodernpsychology,theAmericanpsychologycommunityhasmadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentanddevelopmentofworldpsychology.Sincethemid-19thcentury,theUnitedStatesinheritedthetheoriesandresearchofvariousschoolsofEuropeanpsychology,andgraduallyevolvedpsychologytoscientific,professionalandappliedpsychologyintheUnitedStates.

Americanpsychologywilldefinepsychologyasthestudyofthoughtandbehavior.Thisdisciplineincludesthelearningofallaspectsofhumanexperienceandexperience,fromthefunctionofthebraintothebehaviorofthecountry,fromthebirthandgrowthofbabiestotheprocessofgettingold.Psychologyexistsineveryenvironmentandpositionwecanimagine.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationbelievesthatpsychologistsshouldtakeunderstandingofhumanbehaviorasthecoreoftheirworkandresearch,andworkinthisdirection.

TheannualmeetingoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationisoneofthemajorannualconferencesinthepsychologyfield,withanaverageof10,000to20,000scholars,experts,researchersandstudentsfromallovertheworldparticipatinginthedevelopmentofthedisciplineofpsychology.Talk,discussandresearch,andpushittoanewclimax.

Sbírka knih

1.PsycBOOKSSbírka knihPsycBOOKSisanelectronicfull-textdatabaseoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)seriesofhigh-levelbooksandchapters.ThedatabaseisupdatedeverymonthwiththeclassicbookinformationofAPSandotherpublishers.FulltextPDFfilesof1,682academicbooksand25,899chapterbooks,767bookspublishedbyAPA,includingthefulltextof100booksoutofprintfrom1950to2002,and915classicresourcesofpsychology.

2,PsycCRITIQUESbookreviewcollection,mainlyincludingreviewsofthelatestbooks.Thedatabaseincludesavarietyofimportantresources:alargenumberofupdateddocumentshelpacademicstafftofindforteaching.Alargenumberofupdateddocumentshelplibrarianstocollectdocuments.Studentscanusethedatabaseforscientificresearch.CanprovidethelatestpracticalguidePsycCRITIQUESincludesAsearchabledatabaseofweeklyreviewsofbooksandmovies;thefulltextofnewbooks,popularmovies,videosandsoftwarereviews,aswellascomparativereviewsofbooks,thelatestcopyrightyearreviewsreleasedweekly;PsycCRITIQUESincludesmorethan38,000entriesSearchablebookreviews,datingbackto1956,andincludingnewreviewentrieseveryweek.Morethan900reviewsarepublishedeveryyear.

3.PsycEXTRAgrayliteraturedatabasePsycEXTRAisagrayliteraturedatabaseandapartnerdatabaseofPsycINFO.Itsmaincontentiswrittenbyexpertsandcomesfrompeer-reviewedjournals.PsycEXTRArecordsincludeabstracts,citations,andlinkstothefulltext,whicharenotduplicatedwithPsycINFO.Morethan150,000records,70%havefulltextwith30,000+newrecordsaddedeveryyear

4.PsycINFOabstractdatabasePsycINFOisapsychologyabstractdatabasefromthe19thcenturytothepresent.Asanimportantresearchtoolforpsychologicalresearchers,PsycINFOpresentsawealthofdataandinformationinaconcisesearchmode,whichcanbeusedasaconvenientandfastdocumentsourceforresearchers.PsycINFOincludesbibliography,abstracts,citationsanddescriptiveinformation,whichcanhelpusersfindtheinformationtheyneedconvenientlyandquicklyfromalargenumberofbehavioralandsociologicalliterature.

5.PsycČLÁNKYobsahují56žurnálů