Zhang Tianyi

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Животът на героя

В ранните дни

ZhangTianyiwasborninNanjingin1906.Inthe11thyearoftheRepublicofChina,heandhisclassmatesDaiWangshu,DuHeng,andShiZhecunco-organizedsmallliteraryandartisticpublications,andpublishedworksinpublicationssuchas"Saturday","FairyMoon",and"Weekly".Inthefallofthe13thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hewasadmittedtotheShanghaiAcademyofFineArtsforoneyear;thefollowingsummer,hewasadmittedtothepreparatorycourseofPekingUniversity.Afterclass,hestillreadandwriteextensively.In2016,hejoinedtheCommunistPartyofChina.Inordertoexperiencethelifeofthelowerclass,XiaYirandroppedoutofschoolandworkedasaclerkinShanghai,Nanjingandotherplaces,asatutor,accountant,reporter,officeclerk,clerical,etc.,totastethepainofdismissalandunemployment..Inthe18thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hecommunicatedwithLuXun.Inthe20thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hejoinedtheChineseLeft-wingWritersUnionandactivelyengagedinrevolutionaryliterarycreationandotherrevolutionaryactivities.

Ангажирана антияпонска пропаганда

InthewinteroftheRepublicofChina,inthewinterof26,engagedinanti-Japanesepropagandawork.,Andwroteshortstoriessuchas"Mr.TanJiu'sWork".ThefollowingyearhetaughtatHunanUniversity.Inthe28thyearoftheRepublicofChina,heservedastheeditorofthesupplementofthenewspaper"ObservationDaily"oftheHunanProvincialPartyCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina.Inthe33rdyearoftheRepublicofChina,hereturnedtoXiangxiangtorecuperateduetoillness.Inthe37thyearoftheRepublicofChina,afterhewenttoShanghai,hisillnessturnedcritical,andhewasescortedtoMacauJinghuHospitalfortreatment.HerecoveredinMay1950andwenttoBeijing.

In1951,heservedasdeputydirectoroftheCentralInstituteofLiterature,directoroftheChineseWritersAssociation,editorialboardandeditor-in-chiefof"People'sLiterature",memberoftheCommunistPartyCommitteeoftheChineseWritersAssociation,andsecretaryoftheSecretariat.ParticipatedinthesecondandfourthnationalliteratureandartWorkers’Congress,electedasamemberofthepresidium,servedasarepresentativeofthefirsttothirdNationalPeople’sCongress,andamemberoftheFifthNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference.

"CulturalRevolution"Duringtheperiod

По време на „Културната революция“ Джан Тиани е бит и се превръща в „капиталист, скитач“, „акадер, който извършва черната линия на литературата и изкуството“ и децентрализира „труда“ в Сианинг, Хубей.

AwardRecord

"TheStoryofLuoWenying"wonthefirstprizeofnationalchildren'sliteratureandartin1954;"TheBaldKing"and"DaLinandXiaoLin"werepraisedas"JiYeShengTao""TheScarecrow"isthesecondmilestoneinthehistoryofChinesefairytales;"TheSecretofTreasureGourd"andYanWenjing's"NextTimeSailingPort"aretwoimportantachievementsinthecreationoffairytalesinChinasincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofmycountry.Inrecognitionofhiscontributiontothecauseofchildren'sliteratureinmycountry,ZhangTianyiwasawardedthehonoraryprizeforthesecondnationaljuvenileandchildren'sliterarycreationappraisal.

Основни работи

"От празнота към сбъдване"(сборник с разкази)1931,съвр

"Дневникът на призрака" (дълга история) 1931, ShanghainoonBookstore

"Малкият Петър" (колекция от разкази) 1931 г., книжарница ShanghaiChunguang

"Gear" (дълга история), подписан от TieChihan, 1932, Hufeng

"Година" (дълга история) 1933, добър приятел

"Пчела" (сборник с разкази) 1933 г., мод

"backandtits" (разказ) 1933, добър приятел

"DalinandXiaolin" (приказка) 1933 г., модерен

"Контраатака" (сборник с разкази) 1934 г., живот

"Миграция" (колекция от разкази)) 1934, GoodFriends "Reunion" (колекция от разкази) 1935, WenSheng

"Колекция от хора" (Колекция от романи и сценарии) 1936 г., Добри приятели

"ChingMingFestival" (роман) 1936 г., Shanghai LiteraturePublishingHouse

"WanRenYue" (колекция от разкази) 1936 г., бизнес

"The BaldKing" (приказка) 1936, WenSheng

"YangQiXia"(longstory)1936,ShanghaiXinzhongBookstore

"Гоненица" (сборник с разкази) 1936 г., просв

„Пролетен бриз“ (колекция от разкази) 1936 г., WenSheng

"Странно място" (роман) 1937 г., WenSheng

"IntheCity" (фантастика) 1937, GoodFriends

"Homecomers" (колекция от разкази) 1939, WenSheng

"OnCharacterDescription" (Теория) 1942, Writer'sBookstore

Книги от ZhangTianyi (7Zhang)

"Избрани произведения на Джан Тиани" 1951 г., просветен

"The StoryofLuoWenying" (Колекция от разкази) 1952, Zhongqing

"RongshengatHome"(Script)1953,Zhongqing

"BigBadWolf"(Script)1954,Zhongqing

"TaleoftheBrainless" (FairyTale) 1956, Деца

"The SecretoftheTreasure Calabash" (FairyTale) 1958, деца

"Разни литературни критики" (Коментар)1958, писател

"TotheChildren" (колекция от романи и сценарии) 1959, Хуманитарни науки

"GototheMovies" (роман) 1960, LiteratureReformPress

"Избрани произведения на Джан Тиани" 1979, хуманитарни науки "Избрани произведения на Джан Тиани" (колекция от романи, приказки и сценарии) 1980, деца

"Империя на златната патица" (приказка) 1980 г., хората от Хунан

Избрани произведения на кратките разкази на Джан Тиани (томове 2 и 2) 1981, култура и изкуство

„Избрани произведения на романите на Джан Тиани“ (томове 1 и 2) 1981 г., HunanPeople

"Избрани произведения на приказките на Джан Тиани" 1981 г., HunanPeople

"Избрани произведения на детската литература на Джан Тиани" 1981 г., PeopleofJilin

"Двадесет и едно" и други (колекция от разкази) 1981, Хората от Дзянси

"ZhangTianyionCreation"1982, литература и изкуство в Шанхай

"Избрани произведения на Джан Тиани" 1983 г., SichuanPeople

"ZhangTianyiLiteratureReviewCollection"1984,Хуманитарни науки

"Колекция от произведения на Джан Тиани" (том 1-7) 1985—1989, литература и изкуство в Шанхай (непубликуван)

"ZhangTianyi'sFables"1986,AnhuiChildren

"Семейство Бао" (колекция от разкази) 1986, Байхуа

"Колекция ZhangTianyi"(FairyTaleCollection)1987,TomorrowPublishingHouse

"ZhangTianyiResearchMaterials"(editedbyShenChengkuan,HuangHouxing,WuFuhui)1982,SocialScience

По чернови на романи на Джан Тиани (DuYuanming) 1985, Хората на Нинся

OnZhangTianyi(editedbyShenChengkuan,ZhangDaming,WuFuhui,HuangHouxing)1987,HunanLiteratureandArt

Публикувани книги

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Характеристики на творението

Характеристики на сатиричните романи на Zhang Tianyi:

(1)Lookingdownonthesatiricalobject,focusingontheperspectiveinamomentoflifeTherichcharacterhistory,theoutlinesofthecharactersareclearandclean,andtheyaregoodatdistillingthecharacters'habitualactionsandlanguageintheDickensianstyle,graspingthecharacters'souloutlinestoexpandtheirsmallcharacteristics,andwritebigcharacters.

(2)Payattentiontotheflexibilityofthenarrativeperspective,useactionsandemotionsastheinternalbasisforthenarrativestructure,dilutetheplotofthestory,relyondramaticdetailsandcontradictionstostructurethenovel,andformafragmentedandsketchedhorizontalstructureAstronganddramaticnovelform.

(3) Пикантен и невъздържан комичен стил, преувеличен стил, експресивно сатирично изкуство.

(4)FreshandflowingspokenEnglish.

Три сатирични теми в романите на Zhang Tianyi

1.Anti-hypocrisy.Thefirsttypeofhypocriticalimagesinhisworksarethoseoldlandlordsandoldbureaucratswhoaretraditionaldefenders.Forexample,in"BackandTits",thechiefgentryandgrandfatheroftheclanwantedtomolestRenSansao,butwasresisted,sohecleverlysetupapublictrialintheancestor'sXianghuoShrine,andlaterforcedRenSansaotoservehimasamortgagefordebtsinthenameofforcingherdebts.RenSansaopretendedtobesubmissive,tooktheopportunitytobeathimupandranawayovernight.Behindthelong-sister'scondemnationof"allevilandprostitutionisthehead"ishisdespicablepersonalitythatreliesonpowerandpower.Thenovelusesthemainstaytodescribethesediment,exposingthehypocrisyofNeo-Confucianism.Asfarassatiricalliteratureisconcerned,ZhangTianyiformallycapturedthecharactertraitsoftheselandlordsandcountrygentrywhodeceivedtheworldandhackedtheirreputationsandwerepowerfulandinthemiddle.Heusedsatiricaltechniquestoexposetheirhypocriticalthinkingandinsignificantbehavior,makingreaderslaughcontemptuously.Atthesametime,italsoshowstheauthor'sclassconsciousnessofloveandhatred,andwritesabouttheawakeningandresistanceoftheoppressed.Forexample,RenSansaoin"BackandTits"punishedtheeldestgrandfatherfiercely,andflewawaywithherlovedone.

Thesecondtypeofhypocriticalimageinhisworksisthecitybureaucratsonthemodernpoliticalarena.Thepoliticalsatiricalnovel"Mr.Warwick"createdatthebeginningoftheAnti-JapaneseWarishisrepresentativework.Mr.Warwickwasamunicipalbureaucratwhowasintheanti-Japaneseculturalcamp.Hehasastrongdesireforpowerbutisunlearnedandskillless.Hepretentiouslygoesoutsidetobluffanddeceive.Herunsaroundinarickshaweveryday.Heisbusyattendingvariousmeetingsandgettinginvolvedinallkindsofaffairs.Monopolyandmanipulatemassorganizationsandactivities.Throughthecreationofsuchanimageofabureaucraticbureaucracythatwas“all-in-onewithoutdoinganything”duringtheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan,theworkexposesthebehavioroftheKuomintangbureaucratstointerfereanddestroythepeople'sspontaneousanti-JapaneseorganizationsandactivitiesinthenameoftheAnti-JapaneseWar,whichhadawide-rangingsocialimpactatthattime.Moreover,thehypocriticalimageofMr.Warwickonthemodernpoliticalstageisalsodistinctivelyrepresentative,whichmakestheironiceffectoftheworkbreakthroughthelimitationsofpoliticsandthetimesandenterthelevelofculturalpsychologicalirony.

Second,anti-vulgarity.Forthosehumbleintellectuals,civilservantsandcitizens,ZhangTianyifocusedonexpressingtheirgraylifeandvulgar,sad,contradictoryandridiculouspsychologicalstate.Theymaybeemptyandbored,andtheyspendtheirdaysdrinking,wandering,andchattingaboutlove.Althoughtheyaredepressed,theyareunabletoextricatethemselves,andsometimesfallforthemselves.JingYein"FromEmptinesstoFullness","PigChangZi"in"TheSorrowofPigChangZi",andSangHuain"Migration"areallsuchcharacters.Ortheymaybeinastateofsorrowanddespair,dreamingofbeingpromotedandgettingrich.ThehumbleBaiMuyiin"OneYear",LiYitai,whoswayedthemarketwithanemptysoul,LiangMeixuan,whowasloyalandpeacefulthroughouthislife,andLuBaotian,whowasbothadogandahorsein"LuBaotian,"arethementalstatesofsuchlittlepeople.Itmakespeoplehateanddespisethevulgarlifefromlaughter.Theauthorhasnolackofbittersympathyintheironyandteasing,whichfurthershowsthedepthoftheexpressionofironicliteratureandthefloggingofhumanity.

Three,anti-feudalism.ForthecitizenslivinginthebottomofsocietylikeAhQ,thesatiricalthemesofZhangTianyi'snovelsareanti-vulgarityandanti-numbness,mourningtheirmisfortune,andangeringthemnotto"wakeup".ThisreflectsthatZhangTianyiwasdeeplyinfluencedbyLuXun.TheLaoBaointheshortstory"FatherandSonofBao"isasubmissiveservantwhoworksasaerrandinthebigmansion.Heisunwillingtobeinsuchahumblepositionforever,andwhenheisold,hehasnohopeofgettingrich.Thehopeof"climbingup"ispinnedonhissonBaoGuowei.Hedideverythingpossibletoenshrinehissontothe"ForeignSchool",becauseonlyafterhegraduatedfromthe"ForeignSchool"canhegettheopportunitytobecomeanofficialandmakeafortune,andLaoBaocanrealizehiswishtobecomeanoldlady.However,BaoGuoweididnotliveuptoit.Notonlydidhenotstudyhard,hebecamearoguestudent,andwasfinallyremovedfromtheschool.Asaresult,OldBaofellintoanembarrassingsituation.ThethoughtsandbehaviorsoftheBaosandhissonsdirectlyreflectthevulgarityofthelow-levelcitizensofsociety,andthedisillusionmentoftheiridealsistheinevitablefateofsuchhumblefigures.ForLaoBao,thisisnotonlyvulgar,butalsoignoranceandnumbnesstohelptheabuser."FathersandSonsofBao"isarepresentativeworkofZhangTianyi'ssatiricalnovels,anditisalsothetopgradeinmodernChinesesatiricalnovels.ItintertwinesandimprintsthebehaviorsofthefathersandsonsofBao'santagonisticways.Thewholeworkisfullofhumorandironyfulloftheupsanddownsoflife.LaoBaoisnotonlyanimageofapettycitizenwhosedreamshavebeenshattered,butalsoavictimoffeudalorderandculture.Theauthor'sLaoBaoisextremelydutiful,honestandloyal.HeisfullofChinesefeudalpatriarchalsystem,semi-colonialandsemi-feudalsocietyandcultureintertwinedwiththerootsofnationalinferiority,showingdistinctseculartragicomedycharacteristics.

Inshort,ZhangTianyiuseshisnovelstocreateaworldoftragedyandcomedyinvariousforms,whichisextremelyrichinconnotation.

Раста

По време на началното и средното училище

IreadalotofChineseandforeignliteraryworks.In1922,hewrotecomicanddetectivenovels,andpublishedashortstory"NewPoetry"inthe"Saturday"magazine.Aftergraduatingfrommiddleschoolin1924,heenteredtheShanghaiAcademyofFineArtstostudypaintingforoneyear.In1926,heenteredthepreparatorycourseofPekingUniversitybecausehewasdissatisfiedwiththecourseshetookandhisfamilywaspoor,sohedroppedoutthenextyearandworkedasatutor,clerk,reporterandeditor.Publishedashortstory"Threeandahalfdays'dream"in1929.

Присъединете се към китайския ляв съюз на писателите

JoinedtheChineseLeft-wingWritersUnionin1931,participatedintheworkofitsliteraryandartisticpopularizationresearchsociety,andassistedinediting"CrossStreet",etc.publication.Thecreativeoutputisincreasingdaybyday,facingreality,andthecontentissubstantial,bringingafreshbreathtotheliteraryandartworld.Shortstorieswrittenatthistimeincludecollectionssuchas"FromEmptinesstoFullness","LittlePeter","Bee","CounterAttack","Transition","Reunion","TenThousandYears ","SpringBreeze","Chasing",etc.,Hisnovelsaregoodatsatireandhumor.Themostwrittenisthevulgarandridiculouslivesofordinarycitizensandsomeintellectualsinordertorevealthehypocrisyanduglinessofrealityandcriticizethemaladiesofthedeformedsociety."PaoandSons"ishisrepresentativework.Duringthisperiod,therewerealsonovels"DiaryofGhostLand","Gear","OneYear","PidginMan","IntheCity",thenovella"ChingMingFestival", и детска литература, включително дълги приказки."DaLinandXiaoLin", "The BaldKing", новелата "StrangePlace" и т.н., интегрират образованието в живо разказване на истории и насърчаватразвитието на китайската детска литература.

TheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanAfterthestartoftheWarofResistanceagainstJapan

AftertheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanbegan,heparticipatedintheestablishmentoftheShanghaiLiteraryandArtisticSalvationAssociationandservedasthe"SalvationDaily""Editorialmember,directoroftheChinaNationalLiteraryandArtCirclesAnti-enemyAssociation.Thecollectionofshortstorieswrittenbyhim,"ThreeSketches",deeplyexposedthedarksideoftheAnti-JapaneseMovementintheKuomintangControlledArea,arousedtheattentionanddiscussionoftheliteraryandartcircles,andproducedawiderangeofsocialinfluences,stoppingthesituationof"desperatelyturningbackwards"intheChineseliteraryworldatthattime.Amongthem,"Mr.Warwick"ishismasterpieceofsatiricalnovels.In1942,hewasrecoveringfromlungdiseaseinChengdu,Shanghai,HongKongandotherplaces,andstoppedwritingformanyyears.Thefull-lengthfairytale"GoldenDuckEmpire"wasalsounfinishedduetoillness.HewenttoBeijingin1950;onceservedasdeputydirectoroftheCentralInstituteofLiterature,memberoftheChineseFederationofLiteraryandArtCircles,secretaryoftheSecretariatoftheChineseWritersAssociation,editor-in-chiefof"People'sLiterature",andeditorialboardmemberof"Children'sLiterature".Inadditiontoeditingpublicationsandcultivatingyoungliteraryandartworkers,heisalsoengagedinthecreationofchildren’sliterature,publishingnovels"GoingtotheMovies","TheStoryofLuoWenying"(wonthefirstprizeofNationalYouthandChildren'sLiteratureandArtCreationin1954),"TheyandWe",thefairytale"TheStoriesofNoBrain","TheSecretoftheGourd",thescripts"RongshengatHome","TheBigBadWolf",etc.,arecollectedandpublishedas"FortheChildren".Thecharactersareexquisitelyportrayed,richinimagination,livelyandinteresting,andwell-tempered.Theyhavebeenlovedbyyoungreadersfordecadesandhavemadeimportantcontributionstothedevelopmentofchildren'sliterature.Sincethe1930s,ZhangTianyihasalsopublishedmanynovelandoriginaltheoreticalcriticismarticles.Hehaspublishedmanyofhisworkssuchas"DiscussiononCharacterDescription","LiteraryMiscellaneousCriticism","ZhangTianyiLiteratureCriticCollection",etc.Ithasbeentranslatedintoavarietyofforeignlanguages​​andpublished.

Умрял от болест

ZhangTianyireturnedtoworkafterliberation,servedasamemberofthePartyGroupoftheChineseWritersAssociation,andmarriedShenChengkuan.Duringthe"CulturalRevolution",hewastortured.Afterthe"GangofFour"wascrushed,hewantedtowriteagain,butunfortunatelyfellill,paralyzedandaphasia,anddiedin1985.