Interpretationinthesenseofpsychology
ContemporaryWesternPsychologyDictionarybelievesthatwillisapsychologicalprocessinwhichpeopleconsciouslydeterminegoalsandgovernactionstoovercomedifficultiestoachievepredeterminedgoals.Willisapsychologicalphenomenonpeculiartohumanbeings,anditisalsoamanifestationofhumanconsciousinitiative.
Itsmainfeatures:(1)Clearpurpose,thatis,volitionalactionalwaysconsciouslydeterminesandexecutesthepurposeaction.(2)Itisdirectlyrelatedtoovercomingdifficulties,thatis,onlybyovercomingvariousdifficultiescantheintendedpurposebeachieved.(3)Directlydominatepeople'sactions,thatis,willismainlyorganizedtoaccomplishcertaingoalsandtasks.Itsadjustmenttoactioncanbemanifestedasinitiatingandcarryingoutcertainactionsorbehaviors,orasstoppingandeliminatingcertainactionsorbehaviors.
Basicmeaning
Thewillisthepsychologicalprocessofapersonconsciouslydeterminingthepurpose,controllingtheaction,overcomingdifficulties,andachievingthepurpose.Thatis,thementalprocessofhumanthoughtprocessisseeninaction.Unconsciousinstinctiveactivities,blindimpulses,orsomehabitualactionsdonotcontainorhaveverylittlewill.
Intention,astateofmentalactivity.Aspiration,afirmbeliefandpersistenceinthedirectionofthegoal.Willisakindofmentalactivity(includingsubconsciousmentalactivity)thathasadirectionandfaithtoachieveagoal.
Thepsychologicalphenomenonthathumanbeingsareconscious,purposefulandplannedtoregulateandcontroltheirownactions.Theprocessincludesthedecisionphaseandtheexecutionphase.Thedecisionstagereferstochoosingasignificantmotiveasthepurposeoftheactionanddeterminingthemethodtoachievethatpurpose.Theimplementationstageistheprocessofovercomingdifficultiesandfirmlyputtingtheplanintoeffect.
Themoderatingroleofwillincludesinitiatingactionsthatareconsistentwiththeintendedpurposeandrestrainingdesiresandactionsthatcontradicttheintendedpurpose.
Humanactionsaremainlyconsciousandpurposefulactions.Whenengagedinvariouspracticalactivities,usuallybasedontheunderstandingofobjectivelaws,firstdeterminethepurposeoftheactioninthemind,andthenchoosethemethodaccordingtothepurpose,organizetheaction,exertaninfluenceontheobjectivereality,andfinallyachievethegoal.
Thewillisthepsychologicalprocessbywhichpeopleconsciouslydeterminethepurposeanddominatetheiractionstoachievethepredeterminedpurpose."TheDictionaryofPsychology"writes:"Thewillisthementalprocessinwhichanindividualconsciouslydeterminesthepurpose,andadjustsandcontrolshisownactionsaccordingtothepurpose,overcomesdifficulties,andachievesapredeterminedgoal."
InourlifeandworkOften,decision-making,planning,implementation,andevenentertainmentandrecreationalbehaviorsrequiretheparticipationofdifferentlevelsofwillprocess,butitdoesnotmeanthatalloftheseneedto"overcomedifficulties",orthatthereisafeelingofdifficulty.
Furthermore,ifthereissuchafeelingofdifficultyandembarrassment,itisapsychologicalprocessofwill,whichisexactlythesameassayingthatpeoplewillhaveaprocessofwillwhentheyfeeldifficultorunwillingtocontribute.Thisispreciselyinconsistentwiththefactualexistenceofthementalprocessofwill.
Thewillistheconcentratedexpressionofhumanconsciousinitiative,anditisauniquepsychologicalphenomenonofhumanbeings.Itismanifestedintheactionsofpeopleactivelychangingreality,andhascontrolandregulationeffectsonbehaviors(includingexternalactionsandinternalmentalstates),suchasinitiating,persisting,stopping,andchanging.
Humanactionsaredeterminedbyvariousmotives,whicharegeneratedtoensuresurvivalandsatisfyvariousneeds.Whenapersonrealizesthatheorthesocietyhasacertainneed,hewillhavethedesiretosatisfytheneed,andfurtherconsciouslydeterminethegoalpursued,drawupaplantoachievethegoal,andtakeaction.
Thiskindofactionisalwaysdominatedbyconsciousregulation,isconscious,directedtoacertaingoal,andisconnectedwiththeobstaclesencounteredintryingtoovercomethegoal.Thepsychologicalprocessfromgeneratingmotivationtotakingactioniswill.
Thevolitionalactionisdifferentfromtheinstinctiveactivitythatisbornwithandtheinvoluntaryactionthatlacksconsciouscontrol,butbelongstothehigh-levelactivityinitiatedandregulatedbytheconsciousness.People'slife,study,andlaborareallpurposefulandarbitraryactions,andtheyareallvolitionalactionspeculiartohumanbeings.
Theessenceofwillis:people'ssubjectivereflectionoftheirownbehaviorrelations.Itconstitutesthethirdbasicformofhumansubjectiveconsciousness.
Основни форми
Знание (тоест познание), чувство (тоест емоция) и намерение (тоест воля) са трите основни форми на човешка дейност и субективното осъзнаване на света от хората. Процесът обикновено може да бъде разделен на три етапа:
Първият когнитивен етап. Целта е да разреши проблема за "какво" или "какъв факт". Хората трябва първо да разберат външните характеристики (или външните връзки) и вътрешните закони (вътрешната безсъщност) на нещата, което първо разбира "какво е" на нещата, преди да могат да имат задълбочено разбиране на други аспекти.
Това е вторият етап на оценяване. Целта е да се разреши проблемът „каква е ползата“ или „каква е стойността“. Само когато хората разберат „какво е“ и „каква стойност е“ могат да знаят как да предприемат коригиращи мерки отново срещу него.
Thethirdisthewill(ordecision-making)stage.Thepurposeistosolvetheproblemof"whattodo"or"whatbehaviortoimplement".Inviewofthequalitycharacteristicsofthingsandthevalueofeachqualitycharacteristictopeople,peoplewillchoosethemostappropriatebehaviorinordertobeabletofullyandeffectivelyusethevaluecharacteristicsofthings.
Оценяването без "познание" е сляпооценяване, волята без "познание" е сляпо воля; познание без "оценка" е нещо като изтръпнало познание. Волята без "оценка" е нещо като скучна воля; познание без "ще" е празно познание, а оценяването без "ще" е празно оценяване.
TwoAspects
Thewillincludestwoaspectsofperceptualwillandrationalwill.Perceptualwillreferstothewillthatpeopleusetowithstandperceptualstimulation.Itreflectstherestraintandexcitementabilityofpeopleinpracticalactivities.Forexample,physicallaborneedstoovercomethebody’smusclepain,breathingdifficulties,bloodvesseldilation,nervoustension,etc.Perceptualdifficultiesandobstacles.
Rationalwillreferstothewillthatpeopleusetowithstandrationalstimuli.Itreflectspeople’sabilitytorestrainandexcitethestimulationofthesecondsignalsysteminpracticalactivities,suchasmentalworkthatneedstoovercomethecerebralcortextoacceptReasonabledifficultiesandobstacles,suchasconfusion,mentalpressure,moodswings,lossoffaith,etc.,causedbythestimulationofthesecondsignalsystem.
Willmustconsidernotonlythestateofmotionandthelawofchangeofobjectivethings,butalsotheinterestneedsofthesubject,especiallytheabilityofpeopletoreacttoobjectivethings.Itisakindofnon-neutralandActiveandcreativereflectionactivities.
Диалектическата връзка между когнитивната емоция и волята
Tosumup,thethreebasichumansubjectivementalactivities(cognition,emotionandwill)Respectivelyreflectthethreebasicobjectivethings(factualrelationship,valuerelationshipandbehaviorrelationship).Inordertosurviveanddevelop,peoplemustfirstperceiveandunderstandthefactualrelationshipofvariousthings,secondly,graspthevaluerelationshipofthesethingstopeople,andthengraspthevaluerelationshipofeachbehaviorandjudge,select,organizeandimplementthebestActionplan.
Thefirststepiscompletedbycognitiveactivities,thesecondstepiscompletedbyemotionalactivities,andthethirdstepiscompletedbyvolitionalactivities.Therefore,fromcognitiontoemotion,andthenfromemotiontowill,itisaThebasicandindivisiblepipelineofhumanself-controlbehavior.
Диалектическата връзка между знание, привързаност, и намерение (тоест познание, емоция и воля) фундаментално зависи от диалектическата връзка между факт, ценност и поведение.
1.Emotionisaspecialkindofcognition,andwillisaspecialkindofemotion.Themeaningoftheobjectforhumanexistenceanddevelopmentisalsoarelationalattributeoftheobject.Onlybecauseithasaspecialmeaningcanitbedistinguishedfromotherrelationalattributes.Therefore,thevaluerelationshipisaspecialfactualrelationship,andtheemotionisaspecialkindofrelationship.Thecognition;essentialpowerisoneofthemostimportantvalueattributesofhumanbeings.Onlybecauseithasaspecialmeaningcanitbedistinguishedfromordinaryvalueattributes.
Therefore,thebehaviorrelationshipisaspecialvaluerelationship,andthewillisaspecialemotion.Fromabroadperspective,knowledge,emotion,andintentionareallcognitiveactivities,buteachfocusesondifferentperspectives.Emotionfocusesoncognitionfromtheperspectiveofmeaning,andwillfocusesoncognitionfromtheperspectiveofbehavioraleffects.
2. Познание, емоция и ще се различават един от друг. Основната разлика е: познание по принцип се появява под формата на абстрактно, точно и логично разсъждение, емоцията по принцип изглежда в интуитивна, неясна и нелогична форма и по принцип ще се проявява под формата на подсъзнание, произволно и активно как. знанието за "как", и ще е главно за знанието за "как да направя".
Ifemotionsandcognitionareseparated,emotionswillhavenoobjectivebasisandbecome"publiclyandrationally,andmother-in-lawisrational."Ifyouconfuseemotionandcognition,thenItwillmakeemotionloseitsfairnessandbecome"thewinneristheking,andtheloseristheinvader";ifemotionandwillareseparated,emotionwillbecomeemptyemotion;ifemotionandwillareconfused,againMakeemotionsbecomeconfusedemotions.
3. Познанието, емоцията и волята са взаимозависими и взаимосвързани.
Withoutfactualrelationship,valuerelationshipbecomespassivewater;withoutvaluerelationship,behaviorrelationshipalsobecomespassivewater.Therefore,cognitionisthesourceofemotion,andemotionisthesourceofwill.
Factualrelationsareguidedbyvaluerelations,andvaluerelationsareguidedbybehavioralrelations.Therefore,cognitionisguidedbyemotion,andemotionisguidedbywill.
Emotionisfirstgraduallyseparatedfromcognition,whichinturnpromotesthedevelopmentofcognition,andwillisfirstgraduallyseparatedfromemotion,whichinturnpromotesthedevelopmentofemotion;Knowledge,emotion,andwillinfiltrateandinteractwitheachother,asaprerequisiteforeachother,anddeveloptogether.
Характеристики на качеството
Някои хора са нерешителни при вземане на решения, хаотични планове за работа, просто и грубо поведение, емоционални изблици са трудни за контролиране, начин на живот е алчен за наслада, работното представяне не е предприемчиво, това не е въпрос само на познание, не само на емоция, но на воля.
Willisaspecialkindofemotiondirectedatbehavioralactivities.Itisauniqueformofhumanmentalactivity.Itenableshumanstohaveahighdegreeofinitiativeandcreativity,whichisfundamentallydifferentfromotherlow-levelemotions.animal.
Thequalitycharacteristicofwillisthedynamiccharacteristicofwillintheprocessofdrivinghumanbehavior.Itmainlydependsonthedynamiccharacteristicofthechangeofthesubject’sbehaviorvaluerelationship,reflectingthepurposeofhumanbehaviorvalue.Performance,hierarchy,strength,externalstability,internalstability,efficiency,meticulousness,etc.
Runtheprogram
Willisthesubjectivereflectionofthevaluerelationshipofone'sownbehavior.Specifically,itisthesubjectivereflectionofthehumanbrain'svaluerateofone'sownbehavior.ItsobjectiveThepurposeistoguidethesubjecttoselect,implement,evaluateandmodifytheirownbehaviorsaccordingtothevaluereturnrateofvariousbehaviors(thatis,thesizeofthebehaviorvalueratedifference),sothatthesubjectcanobtainthemaximumbenefitattheleastcost.
Theoperationprocedureofvolitionalactivitycanberoughlydividedintofivestages.
1.Theestablishmentofvaluegoals.Peopleusuallyhaveanumberofvalueneedsinacertainperiodoftime,andcorrespondingsubjectivedesireswillbeformedinthebrain.Thesatisfactionofthesedesiresisembodiedintheacquisitionorvalueofacertainvaluething(suchasfood,money,statusorlove)Thephysiologicalmechanismoftherealizationofthegoalisthatthecorrespondingexcitatoryfociinthecerebralcortexofacertainvaluegoal(orvalue-neededtarget)arelockedandstimulated.
2.Thedesignoftheoverallplan.Peoplecandesignanoverallplanforthedeterminedvaluegoals,andarrangetheworkofeachstageandeachlink.Sinceanyvaluegoalmustberealizedbyimplementingaseriesofcomplexbehaviors,theworkofeachstageandeachlinkcanberegardedasacomplexbehavior.
Thisseriesofcomplexbehaviorscanberegardedasasuper-complexbehavior,sotheoverallplanningdesignprocessisactuallyasuper-complexbehaviordesignprocess.Specifically,itistoarrangeandcombinemultiplecomplexbehaviorsaccordingtodifferentstructuralmethods,calculatethevaluerateofeachpermutationandcombination,andthencompareandselecttheultra-complexbehaviorwiththelargestvaluerate.
Thephysiologicalmechanismis:Afteracertainvaluetargetisstimulatedinthecorrespondingareaofthecerebralcortex,itwillcauseastrongemotionalexperience.Thisexcitementwillaffectseveralcomplexitiesinthefrontallobe.Thebehavioralexcitementstoveproducesastrongattraction,whichiscombinedintoanewexcitementgroupaccordingtoacertainstructure.Theprincipleofcombinationistomaximizethecombinedexcitementintensityasmuchaspossible,sothatvariouscomplexbehaviorscanbecoordinated.Andproduceultra-complexbehaviorswithextremelyhighvaluerates.
Thisprocessisoftenrepeatedmanytimes.Then,comparemultiplesuper-complexbehaviorswithamaximumvaluerate,andfinallydetermineasuper-complexbehaviorwiththemaximumvaluerateastherealizationofthisAnoverallplanforvaluegoals.
3.Theformulationofimplementationrules.Aftertheoverallplanisdetermined,specificarrangementsneedtobemadeforeachstageandeachlinkofthework.Thisistheformulationoftheimplementationrules.Foreachspecificcomplexbehaviorthatconstitutesanultra-complexbehavior,itusuallyrequiresmultiplesimplebehaviorstobecoordinatedandcompletedinacertainstructure.Therefore,theformulationprocessoftheimplementationrulesisactuallythedesignprocessofeachcomplexbehavior.
Specifically,itistoarrangeandcombinemultiplesimplebehaviorsaccordingtodifferentstructuralmethods,andcalculatethevaluerateofeachpermutationandcombination,andthencompareandselectthecomplexwiththelargestvaluerate.behavior.
Thephysiologicalmechanismis:accordingtotheoverallplan,acertainstage,acertainlinkcorrespondingtoacertaincomplexbehavior,whentheexcitatoryfocusofthecorrespondingareainthecerebralcortexisstimulated,itwillcauseastrongEmotionalexperience,thisexcitementstovewillhaveastrongattractiontoseveralsimplebehaviorexcitementstovesinthefrontalarea,sothattheycanbecombinedintoanewgroupofexcitementstovesaccordingtoacertainstructure.
Theprincipleofcombinationistomaximizetheintensityofthecombinedexcitementasmuchaspossible,sothatvarioussimplebehaviorscanbecoordinatedandproducecomplexbehaviorswithamaximumvaluerate.
Thisprocessisoftenrepeatedmanytimes.Then,multiplecomplexbehaviorswithamaximumvalueratearecompared,andfinallyacomplexbehaviorwiththemaximumvaluerateisdeterminedastheoverallplan.Implementationrulesforacertainstageandacertainlinkofwork.
4.Implementationofspecificbehaviors.Aftertheimplementationrulesaredetermined,eachspecificbehaviorneedstobeimplemented.Foreachspecificsimplebehaviorthatconstitutesacomplexbehavior,itusuallyrequiresmultipleinstinctiveactions(unconditionedreflexorfirst-levelconditionedreflex)tobecoordinatedandcompletedinacertainstructure,sotheimplementationprocessofspecificactionsisactuallyeverysimplebehaviordesigningprocess.
Specifically,itistoarrangeandcombinemultipleinstinctualbehaviorsaccordingtodifferentstructuralmethods,andcalculatethevaluerateofeachpermutationandcombination,andthencompareandselectthesimplebehavior.
Thephysiologicalmechanismis:accordingtotheimplementationrules,aftereachsimplebehaviorisstimulatedinthecorrespondingareaofthecerebralcortex,itwillcauseastrongemotionalexperience.Thisexcitementwillaffectthefrontalarea.Theexcitementofseveralinstinctivebehaviorsproducesstrongattraction.Thisprocessisoftenrepeatedmanytimes.Then,comparemultiplesimplebehaviorswithamaximumvaluerate,andfinallydetermineasimplebehaviorwiththemaximumvaluerate.Behaviorasaspecificactiontoimplementtheimplementationdetails.
5.Modificationofthepowercharacteristicsofthewill.Peoplehaveawillforeachoftheirownbehaviors(super-complexbehaviors,complexbehaviors,simplebehaviors,andinstinctivebehaviors).Sincewillisasubjectiveestimateofthevalueoftheirbehavior,theremustbemoreLesserrorsrequireconstantcorrection.
Takethemodificationofcomplexbehaviorasanexample.Theprocedureformodificationofwillis:beforeapersonimplementsacomplexbehavior,healwaysanalyzesthevaluerateofallrelatedsimplebehaviors,andonthisbasisThevaluerateoftheentirecomplexbehaviorproducesapredictedvalue.Aftercomparingitwiththeperson'smedianvaluerate,thewilltoimplementthiscomplexbehaviorisformedinthehumanbrain.
Aftercompletingthiscomplexbehavior,peoplewillcomparetheactualvalueofitsvalueratewiththepredictedvalue.Ifthereisanobviouserror,itwillpredictthevaluerateofoneormoresimplebehaviors.Valueorwillbecorrected.
Thepriorityorderofcorrectionis:firstmodifythewilltorelativelyunfamiliar,neworrelativelyunclearsimplebehavior;iftherearemorethantwounfamiliarsimplebehaviors,thenmodifythelow-valuelevelfirstIftherearemorethantwounfamiliarlow-levelsimplebehaviors,firstmodifythewilltousethelarger-scalesimplebehavior.
Willpower
Atpresent,itisgenerallybelievedthatthereisonlyonelifesciencereferenceelementbesidestheintelligencequotient:theemotionalquotient(thatis,theemotionalquotientEQ).TheemotionalquotientisoftenmoreTheintelligencequotientismoreimportant.Itdeterminesthesuccessorfailureofaperson'smarriage,career,andinterpersonalrelationship.
Всъщност, в допълнение към "IQ" и "емоционален коефициент", има трети относително независим референтен елемент от науката за живота, който е "IQ", който е различен от IQ и EQ..
Allhumancognitionactivitiescanbedecomposedintothreerelativelyindependentpsychologicalactivitiesofknowledge,affection,andintention.Thecomprehensivepsychologicalqualityofapersoncanalsobedecomposedintothreerelativelyindependentpsychologicalqualities:cognitivequality((Orintellectualquality),emotionalqualityandwillquality,theyareusedtoreflectpeople'sabilitytorecognizefactualrelationships,valuerelationships,andpracticalrelationships,respectively.
Нивото на качеството на волята зависи от степента, до която субективните отражения на хората за практическите взаимоотношения (замисли, планове, планове, мерки, постоянство и т.н.) са в съответствие с действителната ситуация, включително решителността, самосъзнанието и самоконтрола, постоянството и т.н., са конкретно въплътени в способността, решителните решения да се формират креативни идеи, задълбочено планиране, гъвкави планове, ефективни мерки ,и твърдо поведение.
Thequalityofaperson'swillcanbedescribedbytheparameter"intentionalquotient",whichdependsontheratiooftheageoftheperson'swilltoitsactualage.Peoplewithhigherintentionscanaccuratelyandstrictlycontroltheintensity,stability,flexibility,frequencyorprobabilityoftheirvariousactivities,thescopeofinvolvement,andtheobjectsofaction,etc.,andaccuratelyestimate,fullygrasp,anddeeplyunderstandThepositiveandnegativeeffectsthatyourownactivitiesmayproduce,sothatyoucancorrectlyanddecisivelymakecorrespondingbehavioraldecisionsandimplementthemeffectively.
Hecanfighttenaciouslyandretreatinrapids.Heisbothprincipledandflexible,creativeandinherited;heisgoodatsummingupexperienceandlessons,anddoesnotmakerepetitivemistakes;heisgoodatthegoldenmean,Hedoesnotcommitleft-leaningandaggressivemistakes,norright-leaningconservativemistakes;hecanmaintainthecontinuityandstabilityofhiscodeofconductandethics,andheisnotarrogantorhumble,leadsbyexample,consistentwordsanddeeds,andkeepshispromises;Heisquickanddecisiveindecision-making,hastenaciousperseveranceandperseverance;heisbroad-minded,strictindiscipline,andhasastrongsenseofsocialresponsibilityandsacrifice;etc.
Трите закона
Willis е специална форма на емоция, която също следва трите закона на емоционална интензивност, а именно:
Thefirstlawofwillintensity(ieLawofproportionallogarithmofstrengthofwill):Thestrengthofwillisproportionaltothelogarithmofthevaluerateofone'sownbehavior.
Thesecondlawofwillstrength(thatis,thelawofmarginaleffectofwillstrength):thestrengthofwilldecreaseswiththeincreaseoftheactivityscaleofone'sownbehavior.
Thethirdlawofwillstrength(thatis,thelawoftimedecayofwillstrength):thestrengthofwilldecreasesexponentiallywiththeincreaseofthedurationofone'sownbehavior.
Thegreaterthedifferenceinthevaluerateofaperson’sownbehavior,accordingtothefirstlawofwillstrength,thegreaterthewillstrengthitproduces,themoreoftenandonalargescalepeoplewilldevelopthisbehaviorAtthesametime,accordingtothesecondlawofstrengthofwill,itsvalueratewillgraduallydecreaseandapproachthemedianvaluerateofpeople,andthewillgeneratedbyitwillgraduallydeclineandeventuallydisappear,thusreflectingthethirdstrengthofwilllaw.
Логическа връзка
Логическата връзка между знание, привързаност и намерение може да бъде изследвана от различни гледни точки.
1.Fromtheperspectiveofphilosophicalcategory:emotionisaspecialkindofcognition,includedinthecategoryofgeneralizedcognition;willisaspecialkindofemotion,includedinthecategoryofgeneralizedemotion.
2.Fromtheperspectiveofphysiologicalmechanism:cognitionisthesumoftheneuralconnectionsestablishedbetweentheexcitementinducedbythestimulationsignalsofgeneralthingsinthecorrespondingareaofthecerebralcortexandothersurroundingnervetissues(excludingthelimbicsystemandreticularstructure);emotion;Itisthesumoftheexcitatoryfociandtheneuralconnectionsestablishedbythelimbicsystemandreticularstructureinducedbythestimulussignalsofvaluethingsinthecorrespondingareasofthecerebralcortex;thewillistheexcitatoryfociandedgesinducedbythestimulussignalsofbehavioralactivitiesinthecorrespondingareasofthecerebralcortex.Thesumoftheneuralconnectionsestablishedbythesystemandthenetworkstructure.
3.Judgingfromtheorderofoccurrence:firstcognition,thenemotion,andfinallyformationofwill.Ifthereisnobasicunderstandingofthings,itisimpossibletoproduceanyemotion;withoutthebasicemotionofthings,itisimpossibletoproduceanywill.
4.Fromtheperspectiveoffunctionalcontrol:thewillcontrolstheemotion,andtheemotioncontrolsthecognition.Thecontrolofwillonemotionisnotthenegationandsuppressionofemotion,butthecomprehensiveuseandoverallconsiderationofemotion,sothatpeoplewillnotcareabouteachotherorlosebalanceinvariousemotions;similarly,thecontrolofemotiononcognitionisnotoncognition.Thenegationanddepressionofcognition,butthecoordinationandorganizationofcognition,sothatcognitionwillnotbeblindandbusy.
5.Fromtheperspectiveofevolutionarytiming:emotionsevolvefromcognition,andwillevolvefromemotions.Emotionasaspecialcognitionisseparatedfromgeneralcognition;willasaspecialemotionisseparatedfromgeneralemotion.
6.Fromafunctionalbasis:cognitionprovidesafunctionalbasisforemotion,andemotionprovidesafunctionalbasisforwill.Ifthereisnocognitivefunction,itisimpossibletoproduceanyemotion;ifthereisnoemotionalfunction,itisimpossibletoproduceanywill.
7.Fromthepointofviewofvaluepurpose:emotionmakescognitionhavepurpose,sothatcognitioncandevelopinaccordancewithhumanvalueneeds;willmakesemotionhavepurpose,sothatemotioncandevelopinaccordancewithhumanvalueneeds.Withouttheguidanceofemotions,people’scognitiveactivitiesareendless,andpeoplewillknowwhattheyencounter;withouttheguidanceofwill,people’semotionalactivitiesareblindandcontrolledbyinstinct.,Low-levelfun.
Процесът на волята
Описание
Процесът на волята се състои от две фази, а именно фазата на вземане на решение и фазата на изпълнение.
Decisionphase
Thedecisionphaseofthewillisalsothepreparationphaseofthewillaction.Inthisstage,wemustfirstsolvetheproblemofmotivationalstruggle,andthendeterminethepurposeoftheactionandchoosethemethodtoachievethegoal.Anyvolitionalactionisrelatedtoacertainmotivation,andmotivationisrelatedtoneed.Motivationisthedesires,intentions,beliefs,ideals,etc.thatarisefromneeds.Theyaretheinternalcausesandmotivationsofthewilltoact,anddeterminethenatureanddirectionofaperson'saction.
Beforemakingadecision,thereisgenerallyamotivationtofight.Duetothecomplexityofpeople'sthoughtsanddesires,twoormoremotivesoftenappearatthesametime.Therefore,hemusthaveachoice,thatis,tofightformotives,inordertogiveupsomesecondarymotivesthatareoflittlesignificancetohimatthemoment.Andchooseamotivethatisofgreatsignificancetohimasthepurposeoftheaction.
Whatkindofchoiceapersonmakesformotivationwilloftenreflecthisthoughts,opinionsandpositions,aswellashowhetreatsthecontradictionbetweencollectiveinterestsandpersonalinterests.Afterthepurposeoftheactionisclear,themethodsandmeanstoachievethepurposecanbefurtherselectedandtheactionplancanbedrawnup.Asforwhethertheselectedmethodsandapproachesarereasonable,andwhetherthedefiniteactionplanisfeasible,thisisagainrelatedtotheintellectualfactorsinvolitionalactivities.
Theimplementationphase
referstotheprocessofputtingtheactionplanintorealization.Intheexecutionphase,thequalityofwillismanifestedinthefirmimplementationoftheactionplan.Strivetoovercomevariousdifficultiesencounteredsubjectivelyandobjectively.Ifyouencounterobstaclesintheimplementationoftheoriginalplanandgiveuphalfway,thisisasignofweakness.
Thewillisproducedbyhumanbeingsinthepracticeofsociallifewiththeproductionofspeechandconsciousness.Itisamanifestationofconsciousnessactivelyreactingtoobjectivereality,anditisaproductofsociety.Newbornshavenowill,butastheygraduallymasterspeech,developself-awareness,andappearsubjectivedesires,willbegintoact.Voluntaryexerciseisthebasisofvolitionalactivity.Speechhasthefunctionofabstractionandgeneralization.Peoplecanusewordstoextracttheknowledgeandexperiencestoredinthebrain,generatevariousmotivesandneeds,determinethepurposeofaction,drawupanactionplan,andperformvolitionalactivities.
Humanpsychologyistheunityofknowledge,affection,andintention.Thethreepromote,influenceandpenetrateeachother.Willisbasedonknowledgeanddevelopswiththedevelopmentofknowledge.Onlybyknowingthedifferenceandrelationshipbetweenthesubjectandtheobject,andknowingthechanginglawsofobjectivethings,canpeopleconsciouslydeterminethepurposeofactionaccordingtotheobjectivelawsandcarryoutvolitionalactions.
Therefore,freedomofwillisbasedonthepremiseofcorrectunderstandingofobjectivereality,andpeoplecancontinuouslyimprovetheircognitiveabilitywhiletransformingtheobjectiveworld.Inmanycases,thevolitionalprocessiscloselyrelatedtohumanemotions.Nobleemotionscanbecomethemotiveforceofthewill,andthenegativeemotionsoftenbecometheresistanceofthewill.
Характеристики на волята
1.Целта на волевото действие: Човекът ще има ясна цел, той не само може да предприеме определени действия, които съответстват на целта, но и да спре определени действия, които не отговарят на целта. по-високо ниво на представяне на волята.
2.Willactionisrelatedtoovercomingdifficulties:theprocessofovercomingdifficultiesisalsotheprocessofwillaction.Therearetwokindsofdifficulties:externaldifficultiesandinternaldifficulties.Whetheraperson'swillisstrongornot,andhowstrongitis,ismeasuredbythenatureofthedifficultiesandthedifficultyofovercomingthem.
3.Volitionalactionsarebasedonrandomactions:Humanactionsarecomposedofactions,andtherearetwotypesofactions,involuntaryactionsandrandomactions.Involuntaryactionsareactionsthathavenopredeterminedpurpose,andrandomactionsareactionsthathaveapredeterminedpurposeandareguidedbyconsciousness.Withrandomactions,peoplecanorganize,controlandadjustaseriesofactionsaccordingtothepurposetoachievetheintendedpurpose.Randomactionisanecessarypartofvolitionalactionandthebasisofvolitionalaction.
Процес на обучение
Започнете с малки неща,за да упражнявате волята си
За да култивирате волята си, трябва да започнете с малките неща, не мислете, че малките неща са пренебрежителни, точно малките неща отразяват волята на човека.
ThemiddleschoolstudentisincontrolIntheknowledgestage,youshouldbegoodatcultivatingyourownwillwithregardtothesmallthingsaroundyou,suchastakingcareofhygieneasanexample,notspittingorthrowingdebrisanywhere,flushingaftergoingtothetoilet,etc.Thesmallthingsinlifeareeverywhere.Lookingbackatyourownweaknessesandshortcomings,persistinovercomingthem,startwithsmallthings,andperseverefromnowon,sothatyoucancultivateyourownqualityofwill.
Използване на обучение за подобряване на волята
Workinghardandmasteringknowledgeandskillsaretheprimarytasksofmiddleschoolstudents.Learningrequireswillpower,andlearningisalsoawaytoexercisewillpower.Setagoalforyourself,persistinlearning,persevere,andimproveyourwill.
Пълни някои метазадачи, които са много трудни и не са по силите на никого
Thetasksaretoosimple,tooeasy,cannotstimulatethestrengthtoovercomedifficulties,anddonotexercisethewillIfitistoodifficult,nomatterhowhardyoutry,youcan’tsucceed,itwillblowyourself-confidence,andyouwillnotbeabletoexerciseyourwill.Inordertocultivatethewilltoexercise,oneshouldconsciouslycompletesomedifficulttaskswithinone'sability.
Forexample,studentswithpoormathematicsshouldsetthetargetat70pointsormore;forthosewithabetterfoundation,theyshouldbeonthesamelevelas85pointsormore.Therefore,youcanachievethepurposeofexercisingyourwillbydeterminingappropriategoalsandperformingtaskswithacertaindegreeofdifficulty.
Настоявайте да участвате във физически упражнения
Физическите упражнения са добър начин за упражняване на качеството на волята, като бягане на дълги разстояния. Трудно е да продължите да бягате без определена сила на волята.
Според характеристиките на тяхната собствена воля и качество, дизайн, съответстващ на методите за упражнения
Differentpeople’swillandqualityhavedifferentcharacteristics,andmiddleschoolstudentsshouldbebasedontheirowncharacteristicsofwillDesigncorrespondingexercisemethodstoachievebetterresults.Forexample,somepeoplecanpersistincompletingthepainstakingandcomplicatedwork,butiftheyaresickandwanttogetaninjection,theyareveryafraidandoftencannotfollowthedoctor'sadvicetocompletetheinjectiontreatment.
Therearemanypeoplewhoendurehardshipsandstandhardwork.Somepeoplecanworktirelesslyandhardintheirstudies,buttheylackpatienceformanydetailsinlife.Therefore,tocultivateone'sownwill,oneshoulddesigncorrespondingexercisemethods,overcomeone'sownweaknesses,andbecomeapersonwithstrongwillandquality.
Подобрете силата на волята сhelpofgrouplife
Manygroupactivitiescancultivatepeople’swillpower.Forexample,groupclimbingandpicnicscanmakepeopleweaker.Ofstudentsgeteffectsthatarenotusuallyexercised,suchasparticipatinginaballgamecollectively.Thepowerofthecollectivecanmakeaperson'swillpowerincreasefaster,andthepowerofthecollectivecanturnaweakintoastrong.
Theroleofwill
1.Ще направи познавателните дейности по-обширни и по-задълбочени.
Thewillisgeneratedonthebasisofhumancognitionandemotionalactivities.Atthesametime,cognitionactivitiesarealsoinseparablefromtheroleofwill,whichmakescognitionactivitiesbroaderanddeeper.Incognitionactivities,themaintenanceofintentionalattention,therationalorganizationofperception,andthedevelopmentofproblem-solvingthinkingactivitiesallrequirehumanwill,effortandwillaction.Atthesametime,positivevolitionalqualitiessuchasself-consciousnessandperseverancecanpromotethedevelopmentofhumancognitiveability.
2.Ще регулира човешките чувства и емоции.
Firstofall,emotionsandemotionsaffectvolitionalbehavior.Positiveemotionsandemotionsarethedrivingforceofvolitionalaction,andnegativeemotionsaretheresistancetovolitionalbehavior.Secondly,thewillregulatesandcontrolsemotionsandemotions.Astrong-willedpersoncancontrolandovercometheinterferenceofnegativeemotions,whichisthatemotionsobeyreasonandcarryoutwillfulactionstotheend.Onthecontrary,thosewithweakwilltendtobecomecaptivesofemotions,makingtheirwillactionsunsustainable.
3. Уилис е от голямо значение за самоусъвършенстването на хората.
Качество на волята
Constitutesomerelativelystableaspectsofhumanwill
1.Independence:Peopledonotsuccumbtothepressureofthepeoplearoundthem,donotfollowthetrend,andcanindependentlytakedecisionsandexecutedecisionsbasedontheirownknowledgeandbeliefs.
Thedifferencebetweenitandarbitraryandsuggestiveliesintheindividual'scognition.Abilityandself-confidence
2. Решителност: Способност за вземане на добре обосновани решения навреме и прилагане на добре обмислена основа
Thedifferencebetweenarbitraryandarbitraryliesintheresult,whichistheoppositeofindecision
3.Твърдост: наричана още упоритост. Придържайте се към рационалността на собственото си решение за дълго време и работете неуморно, за да приложите решението.
Havingacleardirectionofaction,thedifferencefrompersistenceisonlyintheresult
4. Самоконтрол: добро овладяване и контролиране на собствените действия, което също се проявява в корекция на емоционалното състояние
Независимост и решителноствземане на решения+твърдост в изпълнение=самоконтрол
FrustrationinWillAction
1.Themeaningoffrustration:theindividual’svolitionalbehaviorisinterferedorhinderedbyinsurmountable,akindoftensionandemotionalresponsewhenthepredeterminedgoalcannotbeachieved
frustrationhasthreemeanings,namelyfrustrationsituationandfrustrationrecognitionKnowing,frustratingbehavior
2.Theformationoffrustrationsituation:Frustrationsituationisthevariousobstaclesandinterferencefactorsthatmakethegoalimpossibletoachieve.Insummary,itcanbedividedintosubjectivefactorsandobjectivefactors.
Subjectivefactorsarethephysicalandpsychologicalfactorsoftheindividual;Factorsmainlyincludenaturalandsocialenvironmentalfactors.
3.Frustrationresponse:Theindividual’sresponsetofrustrationismanifestedinthreeaspects,namelyemotionalresponse,intellectualresponseandpersonalitychange
Емоционална реакция-проявява се като силно вътрешно преживяване или специфична поведенческа реакция, като безразличие, дегенерация, инат и т.н.
Intellectualresponse-theperformanceofvolitionalaction,judgingthesituation,beingproactive,goingforwardcourageously,andunswervinglytowardthegoal
Changesinpersonality-continuingOramajorsetbackcanevenfixthefrustrationreaction,formhabitsandpersonalitycharacteristics,andaffecttheformationanddevelopmentofpersonality
4.Frustrationtolerance:Whetheryoucanwithstandfrustrationisnotonlydeterminedbytheindividual’smentalitywhenexperiencingfrustration,butalsoontheindividual’sawareness,evaluationandunderstandingoffrustration,butalsoontheindividual’sattitudetowardsfrustrationandthebehavioralmethodtodealwithfrustration,focusingontheimportantenhancementoffrustrationThefactorsofenduranceareasfollows:
Лекувайте правилно пречките са универсални, е част от живота
Подобряване на сценариите за завръщане-използвайте мъдростта за предотвратяване, промяна, премахване или избягване на неуспехи Контекст
Summingupexperiencesandlessons-beinggoodatsumminguplessonsfromfailuresandfrustrationsofoneselfandothers
Adjustthelevelofambition-tocreateasenseofaccomplishmentintheindividual'slifewithoutfrustration,justPutforwardchallengingstandardssuitableforyourownabilities
Отглеждане на волята
1.Форма позитивен и твърд възглед за света, възглед за живота и вярвания
2. Магистърски научни знания и умения и изясняване на практически цели на учене
3. Култивирани дълбоки и твърди емоции
4. Участвайте активно в различни практически дейности
5.Модели за игра
6.Самоупражнения за укрепване
7. Упражнявайте волята според собствените си личностни характеристики
Regulatoryfunction
Theregulatingfunctionofwillonactionensuresthedirectionalityofhumanbehavior,andthefinalresultoftheadjustmentistherealizationofthepredeterminedpurpose.
Theregulatingeffectofwillonactionismanifestedintheinitiationandinhibitionofcognitiveaction.
Theperformanceofmobilizationistopromotepeopletoengageinbehaviorstoachieveapredeterminedpurpose.
Suppressionismanifestedinthesuppressionofdesiresandactionsthatcontradicttheintendedpurpose.
Whenreasonandfeelingsareinconflict,thepowerofwillisreflectedincontrollingone'sactionsandsubmittingtoreason.
Ходът на действие
Етапът на вземане на решение
Като цяло включва мотивационна борба, определяне на цели за действие, избор на методи за действие, вземане на решения за действие и т.н.
Етап на решение за изпълнение
Wemustnotonlyadheretothepredeterminedgoalsandplannedbehavioralprocedures,butalsostopthoseactionsthatarenotconducivetoachievingthegoals.
Взаимни връзки
Когнитивните и емоционалните дейности на Волята са тясно свързани и различни една от друга:
Theobjectiveworldandsocialpracticearethesourceofthepowerofwill.Theprocessofknowingistheprerequisiteandfoundationofemotionandwill.Withoutthecognitiveprocess,therewillbenoemotionandwillprocess.
Emotionhasanimportanteffectoncognitionandvolitionalprocessestoincreaseordecreasepower-itmaybethedrivingforceofcognitionandvolitionalaction,oritmaybeitsresistance.
Inturn,thewillhasamoderatingeffectoncognitiveandemotionalprocesses.Intheprocessofthesecondsignalsystem,thewillplaysanimportantregulatoryrole.
Thethreeinfluenceandinfiltrateeachothertoformaunifiedpsychologicalprocess.