текстов редактор

Introduction

Texteditorisakindofcomputersoftware.Mainlyusedtowriteandviewtextfiles.Therearesomespecialtexteditorsthatsupportaddingtheirownformatstoenrichthepresentationformofthedocument.Theoperatingsystemorintegrateddevelopmentenvironmentusuallyhasaneditorthatcanviewandeditplaintext,andthetexteditorthatcanincreasetheformatisusuallyusedbyindividualusersorcompaniesintheproductionoffilesthatrequireaformat.Becauseprogramsandprogramconfigurationfilesareusuallystoredinplaintext,programmersalsoneedtouseaplaintexteditortoeditprogramsandconfigurationfiles.

Texteditorsundercommonsystems

Обичайни са Notepad под Windows, textedito под MacOSX, vi, Linux под Linuxemacs, gedit, editunder DOS и др.

Използвайте под всяка система

1.Windowsstart/run,entertheeditcommandtoenterthetexteditortoeditthetext;youcanalsoentereditundercmdtoenterthetexteditor.Thetexteditorissimilartotheclanguageinterface.Itisaverypracticaltexteditingsoftware.

2.За MacOSX намерететекстоворедактор.приложение(име на източника:TextEdit.app)в папката с приложения подdiskorLaunchpad(MacOSXLion10.7 или по-горе)и отворете.Създайте новдокументи приложете редактиране.Текстовото редактиране поддържа богаттекстовиформат(.rtf),богаттекстовиформатсприкачени файлове(.rtfd),(.html),Wearchbarchive)(. ,OpenDocumenttext(.odt),Word2007format(.docx),Word2003format(.xml),Word1997format(.doc)и обикновен текст(.txt)производство на файлове,и експортиране на горните файлове в преносим формат на документи(.pdf).Редакторът на текст може да наложи повечето формати на документи,съвместими с MacOSX.

3. Въведете терминала под Linux, въведете името на текстовия редактор и натиснете Enter, за да стартирате.

Type

Sometexteditorsareshortandpowerful,andsometexteditorsproviderichandcomplexfunctions.Forexample,bothUnixandUnix-likeoperatingsystemsprovidethevieditor(oritsvariants),butsomeoperatingsystemsalsoprovidetheEmacseditor.Windowssystemprovidesaverysimplenotepad,butmanypeople,especiallythoseprogrammers,preferothereditorswithricherfunctionsunderWindows.IntheclassicMacOSofAppleMacintosh,SimpleTextwasincluded.Later,TextEditreplacedit.Someeditorssupporttwomodesofoperation,bothasatexteditorandasawordprocessor.WordStarisanexample.

Thetexteditorsusedbyprofessionalcomputerusersoftendonotlimitthesizeofopenfiles.Sucheditorsstillstartquicklywheneditinglargefiles,andtheycanalsoeditfilesthatexceedthememorysize.Asimpletexteditorusuallyreadsthefiledirectlyintomemory.Inthisway,thespeedisslowerwhenprocessinglargerfiles,anditsimplycannotbeprocessedforlargerfiles.

Professionalcomputersneedtheabilitytohandlelargefiles.Forexample,systemadministratorsneedtoreadverylonglogfiles;programmersneedtomodifyverylargesourcecodefiles,orcheckunusuallylargefiles,suchasfilesusedtostoreentiredictionaries.

Sometexteditorscontainspecialcomputerlanguages,whichcanbecustomizedusingthislanguage(programmableeditor).Forexample,youcancustomizeEmacswithLispprograms.Usingthismethod,theusercanusuallysimulatetheshortcutkeycombinationofacertaineditorandsomeotherfeaturesasanothereditor,sothattheuserdoesnotneedtolearnthecommandcombinationofthiseditor.

TherearealsosomeprogrammableeditorsthatuseREXXastheirscriptinglanguage.TheseeditorssupportdirectinputofcommandsorREXXstatementsatthebottomofthescreen.Peopleusuallythinkoftheseeditorsasorthodoxeditors.Inthistypeofeditor,themostrepresentativeisthefollow-upproductofXedit,andXeditisIBM'seditorinVM/CMS.Somevifollow-upproducts,suchasVim,alsosupportfoldingandmacros,andtherearecommandlinesatthebottom.Peoplethinkofthemasanotherkindoforthodoxeditor.

Manytexteditorsusedtodevelopsoftwaresupportsyntaxhighlightingandauto-completionofsourcecode,whichmakestheprogrameasiertoreadandwrite.Theprogrameditorusuallyallowsyoutoselectasubroutineorvariable,thenjumptoitsdefinitionpart,andthenjumpbacktotheoriginalposition.Additionaltoolslikectagsarespecificallyusedtolocatethedefinitionpart.

Withthedevelopmentofcomputernetworks,texteditorsthatcanbeeditedbymultiplepeoplehavebeenborn,suchasNetpadundertheWindowsoperatingsystem,whichallowsmultiplepeopletoeditorreadthesametextfileatthesametime.

Има някои добри текстови редактори с отворен код, като NotePad++, PSPad, Komodo, Coda и др.

Типични функции

Намиране и замяна

Намиране на дума или низ от знаци в текстов файл и замяна на един низ от знаци с друг низ от знаци. Могат да бъдат приети различни методи: глобално търсене и замяна, условно търсене и замяна и безусловно търсене и замяна.

Изрязване, копиране, поставяне

Повечето текстови редактори поддържат копиране или преместване в рамките на или между файлове.

Настройка на текст

Тексторедакторите обикновено поддържат основни функции за настройка на текст, като превъртане, автоматичен отстъп, настройка на номера на реда, настройка на типа на коментара и скоро.

Undoandredo

Likewordprocessors,texteditorsalsosupportundoandredo.Usually,especiallyoldtexteditors,onlysupportone-leveleditinghistory,andcanonlyundoorrestoretothelastchange.Modernandcomplextexteditorssupportmulti-leveleditinghistory,sothatitcanbeundoneorrestoredtoanyhistoricalstate.Thenumberofchangesthatcanberecordedvarieswithdifferenteditors,andisusuallyconfigurable.

Import

Readormergethecontentofanothertextfiletothefilecurrentlybeingedited.Sometexteditorssupportinsertingtheoutputofoperatingsystemcommands.

Filtering

Someadvancedtexteditorsallowyoutosendthefileyouareeditingtoanothertoolandreadbackthefilteredresultstothisfile.Forexample,thismethodcansortsomerows,orperformmathematicalcalculations.

История

Кутия с перфорирани карти, съдържаща няколко програми.

Beforetheadventoftexteditors,peopleusedpunchingmachinestopunchcomputertextonpunchcards.Thetextisstoredinaboxcontainingsuchathincard,whichcanbereadwithacardreader.

Thefirsttexteditorisalineeditor,whichrunsonatypingterminal.Thiseditordoesnothavethefunctionofdisplayinginwindowsandscreens.Itcontainssomeveryshortcommands(inordertoreducetheamountoftyping).Oneofthecommandscanprintoutthespecifiedpartofthefilethroughatypewriter.Theeditcursorisanimaginaryinsertionpoint,whichcanbemovedtothelinewherethespecificcontentstringislocatedthroughspecialcommands.Subsequently,thecontentstringwasexpandedintoregularexpressions.Ifyouwanttoseethechangesinthefile,youneedtoprintitout.Comparedwiththepuncher,peoplethinkthatthisline-basedtexteditorisarevolutionaryadvancement.Withoutit,usersneedtomarkthosecommandsforprocessingtextintospecialcardsandusethesecardswheneditingfiles.

Whencomputerterminalswithdisplayscreensappeared,texteditorsbasedondisplayscreensbecamepopular.Oneoftheearliestfull-screeneditorswascalledO26,whichwasmadein1967fortheoperationconsoleofCDC6000seriesmachines.Anotherearlyfull-screeneditorwasvi.viwasborninthe1970s,anditisstillthestandardeditorforUnixandLinux.Thefull-screeneditorhasplayedaroleinpromotingthesalesofvideoterminals.

Сравнение

Тази таблица сравнява общата информация за всеки редактор:

Приписване