Определение
Inabroadsense,systemanalysisissystemsengineering;inanarrowsense,itistostudyspecificproblemsusingdataandrelatedmanagementsciencetechniquesandmethods.Methodsandtoolsforoptimizingproblemswithsolutionsanddecision-making.ThetermSystemsanalysiswasfirstproposedbytheAmericanRANDCorporationinthelate1940s.Itwasfirstappliedtotheresearchofweapontechnologyandequipment,andlaterturnedtothefieldofdefenseequipmentsystemandeconomics.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,thescopeofapplicationhasgraduallyexpanded,includingtheanalysisofpolicies,organizationalsystems,logisticsandinformationflow.Intheearly1960s,theindustrialandagriculturalproductiondepartmentsofourcountrytriedouttheoverallplanningmethod,andthe"overalldesigndepartment"appearedinthenationaldefensescienceandtechnologydepartment,allofwhichusedthesystematicanalysismethod.Hill,oneoftherepresentativesoftheAmericanRANDCorporation,believesthattheelementsofsystemanalysishavefivepoints:(1)Thedesiredgoal.Complexsystemsaremulti-objective.Commongraphicalmethodsareusedtodrawobjectdiagramsorobjecttrees,aswellasmulti-levelobjectscorrespondingtothegoals—meanssystemdiagrams.Thegoalanditsmeansareestablishedinordertoobtainafeasiblesolution.Thefeasibleschemeisthestrongest(anti-interference),themostadaptable(adaptedtothechangedtarget),themostreliable(workingnormallyatanytime),andthemostrealistic(possibleimplementation)oftheschemes.(2)Variousequipmentandtechnologiesneededtoachievetheexpectedgoals.(3)Resourcesandcostsrequiredtoachieveeachplan.(4)Establishamathematicalmodeloftheplan.(5)Evaluationcriteriabasedoncostandeffectoptimization.Thestepsofsystemanalysisaregenerally:establishinggoals,buildingmodels,systemoptimization(usingmodelstooptimizefeasiblesolutions),systemevaluation(onthebasisofquantitativeanalysis,consideringotherfactors,comprehensiveevaluationandselectingthebestprogram).Systemanalysismustalsoadheretotheprinciplesofcombiningexternalandinternalconditions;combiningcurrentinterestswithlong-terminterests;combiningpartialinterestswithoverallinterests;combiningquantitativeanalysiswithqualitativeanalysis.Thescientificmethodforthereformofthenewsorganization'sownsystemissystematicanalysis.Accordingtothereformgoals,establishanewsystemmodel;analyzethevariablefactorsandtheirrelationshipsaccordingtothemodeltoestablishanumberoffeasibleschemes;thenevaluatetheschemesandselectthebestscheme.
Същност
(1)Applyscientificreasoningstepstomaketheanalysisofallproblemsinthesystemconformtologicalprinciples,followthelawofdevelopmentofthings,andtrytoavoidsubjectiveassumptionsAndpureexperience.
(2)Withtheaidofmathematicalmethodsandcalculationmethods,theanalysisofvariousschemesisquantified,andthedifferencesbetweentheschemesareshownwithspecificquantitativeconcepts.
(3)Accordingtotheconclusionofthesystemanalysis,designanoptimalsystemschemethatcanmakethebestuseofpeopleandmaterialsundercertainconditions.
Елементите на системния анализ включват главно: (1) Цел. (2) Схема. (3) Модел.
Основни стъпки
①Asystematicexplanationoftheresearchobjectandtheproblemtobesolved,thepurposeistodeterminethegoalandexplainthefocusandscopeoftheproblem;
②Събирайте данни и анализирайте връзката между различни фактори въз основа на системния анализ, за да намерите възможни решения на проблема;
③Установяване на различни математически модели в съответствие с естеството и изискванията на системата;
④Използвайте математически модели, за да сравнявате и претегляте плюсовете и минусите на различни решения;
⑤Determinethebestsolution.Throughanalysis,ifyouarenotsatisfiedwiththeselectedprogram,youcanre-analyzeaccordingtotheoriginalsteps.Asuccessfulsystemanalysisrequiresmultipleiterationsandcomparisonsofvarioussolutionstofindtheoptimalsolution.
Принципи
(1)Closelyfocusontheultimategoalofestablishingthesystem,analyzevariousoptionsofthesystemandmakechoices,andneverdeviatefromthemandblindlypursueadvancedtechnologyorrestrictnecessaryinvest.
(2)Startingfromtheoverallconceptofthesystemasawhole,seektheoveralloptimum.
(3)Fromamethodologicalpointofview,systemanalysisrequirestheuseofscientificanalysistechniquesandtoolsforquantitativeanalysisontheonehand,andtheintuitivejudgmentandrichexperienceofanalystsanddecisionmakersontheother.Thetwoalternate,mergewitheachother,andfinallyachievethegoalofoptimization.
(4)Inmanysystemanalysisproblems,wemustpayattentiontofindoutthemaincontradictions,andtrytofindthemethodsandwaystosolvethemaincontradictions.
Логическа структура
Inthesystemanalysisstage,thesystem'slogicalstructureshouldfullyreflectthesystem'sfunctionsandperformancefromthefollowingthreeaspects:
(1)Information.Completedescriptionofallinformationprocessedinthesystem;
(2)Behavior.Completelydescribetheprocessingorfunctionrequiredforsystemstatechanges;
(3) означава. Опишете подробно външния интерфейс и интерфейса на системата.
SystemsAnalysis-Insoftwaredevelopment,ataskperformedbysystemsanalystsintheearlystage.Thedefinitionis:theprocessesofinvestigationandanalysisintothefeasiblityofpotentialcomputerappalicationsandthedesign,implementationandreviewofcomputer-basedsystem.
Intheinitialstageofthesystemdevelopmentcycle,itisdefinedbytheanalyst,andSignedandagreedbythemanager.Thenbegantodevelopsoftware.
Thesystemanalysismethodreferstoaconsultingmethodthattakestheproblemtobesolvedasasystem,conductsacomprehensiveanalysisofthesystemelements,andfindsafeasiblesolutiontotheproblem.RANDbelievesthatsystemanalysisisaresearchstrategy.Itcandeterminethenatureandcauseoftheproblem,clarifytheconsultinggoals,findoutvariousfeasiblesolutions,andcomparethesesolutionsthroughcertainstandards.Helpdecisionmakersmakescientificchoicesincomplexissuesandenvironments.
Themethodofsystemanalysiscomesfromsystemscience.Systemscienceisanewscientificdepartmentspanningvariousdisciplinesthathasdevelopedrapidlyafterthe1940s.Itexaminesandstudiestheentireobjectiveworldfromasystematicpointofvieworperspective,andprovidesscientifictheoriesformankindtounderstandandtransformtheworld.Andmethod.Itsemergenceanddevelopmentmarkmarkedthegradualtransitionofhumanscientificthinkingfrombeingmainly"object-centered"to"system-centered".Itwasanepoch-makingbreakthroughinscientificthinking.
Systemanalysisisthemostbasicmethodofconsultingresearch.Wecanregardacomplexconsultingprojectasasystemengineeringthroughsystemobjectiveanalysis,systemelementanalysis,systemenvironmentanalysis,systemresourceanalysisandsystemmanagementAnalysiscanaccuratelydiagnoseproblems,deeplyrevealthecauseoftheproblem,andeffectivelyproposesolutionsandmeetcustomerneeds.
Случай
AforgingplantisasmallenterprisethatmainlyproducesrearaxleshaftsofJiefang,Dongfeng140andDongfeng130automobiles,withanannualproductioncapacityof18,000piecesandanannualoutputvalue1.3millionyuan.Thesemi-shaftproductionprocessincludes23processessuchasforging,heattreatment,machining,andpainting.Duetotheobsoleteequipment,someequipmenthasbeenreplacedandmodifiedinthepastfewyears,buttheeffectisnotobvious,andtheproductioncapacitystillcannotbeimproved.Thefactoryleaderswereeagertoopenupthesituation,sotheyentrustedMConsultingCompanytoconductconsultation.MConsultingCompanyusessystemanalysisfordiagnosis,andtakesthehalf-shaftproductionprocessasasystemforanatomicalanalysis.Bylimitingtheproblem,theconsultantfoundthatinthe23processesofsemi-shaftproduction,theproductioncapacitywasseriouslyoutofbalance.Amongthem,therewere9processeswithashiftproductioncapacityof120-190,mainlymachiningequipment.Thereare6processesfortheproductioncapacityof70-90,mainlyquenchingandstraighteningequipment.Theproductioncapacityoftheremainingprocessshiftsiswithin30-45,allofwhichareforgingequipment.Sincetheproductioncapacityofmachiningandheattreatmentprocessesgreatlyexceedstheforgingprocess,thepreviousprocesshasbecomea"bottleneck",severelyrestrictingthesituationofthesubsequentprocess,andmakingitdifficulttoimprovetheoverallproductioncapacity.Therefore,therealproblemthatneedstobesolvedishowtoimprovethecapacityofforgingequipment.
Onthebasisofthelimitedproblem,theconsultantsandthefactorydeterminedthedevelopmentgoaltogether,thatis,throughthetransformationoftheforgingequipment,theproductioncapacityandannualoutputvalueofthefactory'sautomobilehalf-shaftswillbedoubled.
Theconsultantsconductedin-depthinvestigationandresearchonhowtotransformtheforgingequipment,andinitiallyproposedfouralternatives,namely:installanewflatforgingmachine;replacetheoriginalsplinthammerwitharollingmachine;Replacetheoriginalsplinthammerandairhammerwitharollingmillandarollingmill;addanairhammer.
Basedontheinvestigationandanalysisofthemanpower,materialresourcesandresourcesofthemanufacturer,theconsultantputsforwardtheevaluationcriteriaorconstraintsforthealternatives,thatis:theinvestmentcannotexceed200,000yuan;itcanbeadaptedtothetechnicallevelofthefactory,Easytomaintain;lowpowerconsumption;shortconstructionperiodandfastpaybackperiod.Theadvisorygroupincludedrepresentativesofthefactorytoevaluatevariousalternativesbasedontheabove-mentionedstandards.Thefirstplan(anewflatforgingmachine)isadvancedintechnology,buttheinvestmentishigh,anditexceedstheconstraintsandshouldbeeliminated.Fortheremainingthreeoptions,ascoringmethodwasadopted.Asaresult,thefourthoption(addinganairhammer)wasdeterminedtobethemostfeasibleoption.Thisoptionhastheadvantagesoflowcost,shortproductioncycle,andlowpowerconsumption,althoughitisnottechnicallyenoughAdvanced,butinlinewiththerequirementsofsmallbusinesses,customersaresatisfiedwiththis,andthesystemanalysisisprogressingsmoothly,whichprovidesapowerfultoolforthisconsultation.