Subjectclassification
EconomicScience
Economicsmainlyinvolvesthedescriptionandanalysisoftheproduction,supplyanddemand,consumptionofgoodsandservices.Oneofitsmainsubdisciplinesismicroeconomics,whichstudiesthebehaviorofindividualcategoriesineconomicactivities,suchasthebusinessactivitiesofindividualfarmers,firms,andmerchants.Anothermajorbranchismacroeconomics,whoseresearchobjectistheentireeconomicsystem,withparticularemphasisonthegenerallevelofoutputandincomeandtheinterrelationshipsbetweendifferenteconomicsectors.
PoliticalScience
Politicalscienceisgenerallyconsideredtobethescienceofusingscientificanalysismethodstosystematicallystudyvariousmanagementprocedures.Narrowlyandtraditionally,thisdisciplinehasalwaysbeenregardedasthestudyofthestateandthevariousinstitutionsandsystemsonwhichitdependsonitsgovernance.Internationalrelationsisabranchofpoliticalscience,whichstudiestherelationsbetweencountriesandtheforeignpoliciesofcountries.
Sociology
Sociologyincludesscientificresearchrelatedtohumansociety,socialcustoms,andsocialrelations.Thisdisciplinecanalsobeclearlydefinedasthedevelopmentofallhumanorganizationsandgroups.Systematicresearchonstructure,mutualinfluenceandcollectivebehavior.Arelateddisciplineissocialpsychology,whichstudiesthewaysinwhichindividualpersonalities,attitudes,motivations,andbehaviorsareaffectedbysocialgroups.
CulturalScience
Thestudyofhumanculture,focusingonthediscussionoflanguage,literature,andart.Inparticular,culturalanthropologyshouldsummarizethevariouswaysofhumanbehaviorandmakeageneraldescriptionofsocialphenomena.
Comparativelaw
Itcanalsoberegardedaspartofthesocialsciences.Thissubjectinvolvesthelegalprinciples,legalsystems,andlegalproceduresofdifferentcountriesanddifferentcultures,andconductssystematiccomparativestudiesonthem.
Developmentprocess
Strictlyspeaking,socialscienceonlyappearedinthe19thcentury,butwithouttherationalexplorationspiritofancientGreece,therewouldbenosocialsciencetoday..InthetheologyoftheMiddleAges,therearecomplexesshapedfromtheconceptsofhumansandsociety;theseconceptsareactuallyconceptsofpolitics,society,economy,geography,andanthropology.ThroughouttheMiddleAges,andevenintotheRenaissanceandReformation,thechurchpaidgreatattentiontoscholars'ideasabouthumanthoughtandsocialbehavior,andtriedtocontrolit.Whenscholasticphilosophywasweak,themagicofGreekclassicalliteratureandtheinferencemethodsoftheDescartesschool,aswellasthe18thcentury'sviewofsocialreformandsocialscienceasonething,alsohinderedthedevelopmentofsocialscience.
Withthespreadofsocialscienceidealsinthe17thand18thcenturies,people’sunderstandingofthecomplexityofhumanexperienceintheworldandthesocialandculturalstateofhumansocialbehaviorhasgraduallyexpanded.Reflectedintheory,therearetheconceptofstructureandtheconceptofdevelopmentandchange.Mostoftheseinnovativeideasexistedincertainworks,aimedatcriticizingthepoliticalandsocialsystemsofWesternEuropeatthattime.Asfarassocialscienceisconcerned,somedecisiveideasofthe19thcenturyhaveappearedinthefirsttwocenturies.UnderthedoubleblowoftheFrenchRevolutionandtheIndustrialRevolution,theoldsystemofWesternEuropebegantodisintegrate,whichcausedchangesinfactorssuchasstatus,authority,andwealth.Thehistoryofsocialthoughtinthe19thcenturygavethesefactorstheoreticallynewmeanings.Atthattime,themajorthemesofsocialthoughtwerealmostallrelatedtothetworevolutions,suchaspopulationsurge,poorworkingconditions,propertychanges,urbanization,technologyandmechanization,factorysystems,andthedevelopmentofthenumberofpeopleparticipatinginpolitics.Theseallbecamethebasisofthenewideologyalmostimmediately.Inaddition,thethreeideologicaltendenciesofpositivismphilosophy,fraternityandevolutionaryviewpointshavealsoinfluencedthesocialsciences.
Whenthesocialscienceswerefirstestablished,theywantedtoestablishanoverallsocialscience,whilesomepeoplepursuedthespecializationofindividualsubjects.Asaresult,thelatterwon.Economicsandpoliticalsciencefirstreachedthepointofindependentscience;secondly,anthropologyandsociology.Socialpsychologyalsobeganinthe19thcentury,buttheoutlineisnotasclearasothersubjects.Thelasttoappeararesocialstatisticsandsocialgeography.Thevariousprocessescausedbythedemocraticandindustrialrevolutionsspreadtootherpartsoftheworldinthe20thcentury.ThevariousrelationsbetweentheWestandthenon-West,thatis,therelationshipbetweentheWestandall"newstate"phenomena,arepreciselythemostimportantaspectsofsocialscience.
Developmenttrend
Sometrendsinsocialsciencecanbeseenfromthefollowingchanges:
Specializationinsocialscience,Canbeseenonlyfromthenumberofcoursesofferedbycollegesanduniversities;
Anothertendencyistocomplementandcooperatewitheachotherinmultipledisciplines.Newemergenceofpoliticalsociology,economicanthropology,electoralpsychologyAndindustrialsociology,somesingleconceptsareoftenusedinmultiplesocialsciences,andhaveobtainedbeneficialeffects;
Anotheroutstandingpointisthatduetospecialization,itisinevitablethatsocialsciencesTensionshaveemerged;
Othercharacteristicsarethattheyhavebeenengagedinsocialscienceresearchinrecentdecades,whichhasbecomeahundredtimesmorevaluable;mathematicalmethods,otherquantitativemethods,andcomputershavebeenwidelyusedinscientificresearchandteaching.
Inthe20thcentury,itcanbeseenfromthetheoreticalapproach:Thetheoryofdevelopmenthasbeguntoregainitsvitality;theresearchofsocialsystemsispromotedbycybernetics;structuralismandfunctionalismfocusonmodelsandThedynamicaspect;theinteractiontheoryemphasizestheinfluenceof"otherthings".
Itisnecessarytoconsiderthesocialsciencesofthe20thcenturyinrelationtoorganizedsociety,government,andindustry.Sincetheemergenceofsocialscience,peoplehavealwayswantedtouseknowledgetoinfluencesocialpolicy.Butintheprocessoftryingtoinfluencetheimportantinstitutionsofmodernpowerandfunction,socialscienceitselfmaybeinfluencedbythepowerandfinancialresourcespossessedbytheseinstitutions.Regardingthepurposeofsocialscience,itsrelationshipwithgovernmentandsociety,andtheroleofindividualsocialscientistsinsocietyinthe20thcentury,itmaybecomeamajorissueforseveralyears.
ExplanatoryNotes
AlthoughmanysociologistsdenythatsocialresearchmustbeTheusageofwordsdoesnotincludeanyconceptofscience.
Acentralquestionregardingthescientificstatusofsocialresearchistowhatextentmeaningfulandpurposefulsocialactionsandchoicesinsociallifewillweakenthebasisfortheinterpretationofuniversalscientificlaws.Inadditiontothequestionofwhethertheexplanationbasedonscientificlawiseffective,thereisalsothequestionofwhatethicalattitudeshouldbeadoptedforsocialactors.
Forsomesociologists,theessentialcharacteristicsofsocialbehaviormeanthatsociologycanonlymakeaperfectexplanationbyusingmeaningfulunderstandingandinterpretation,whilethelawsofsciencecannotworkinthisrespect.Althoughmostsociologistsbelievethattherearesignificantdifferencesbetweensocialsciencesandnaturalsciences,theygenerallydenythesedifferences,sayingthatsociologycanonlyberegardedasasystematicresearchmethodandmeaninginterpretation,andtherearealsovariousVariousmorecommonformsofsociologicalexplanations,sotheuseoftheterm"socialscience"isjustified.
Therefore,althoughthereareafewspecialexceptionsamongsociologists,itisgenerallybelievedthatsociologyisstillregardedasascientificdisciplineaccordingtooneormoremeaningsofthetermscience.Sociologistsandphilosopherswhodenytheterm"socialscience"generallyputforwardthisnegativepointofviewbasedonthenarrowconceptofscience.Infact,theconceptsofsocialscienceandnaturalsciencearemoreopenanddiversethanthisconcept.
Features
Complexity
Socialthings(orsocialhistoricalphenomena)studiedbysocialsciencesaregenerallyverycomplex,andtheyareinfluencedbymanynaturalandsocialTheconstraintsofvariables,andthesevariablesareoftenrelatedtoeachother,non-linearrelationship.Theobjectsstudiedinsocialsciencesgenerallyhavetheabilitytoself-organize,create,anddevelopthemselves;theoccurrenceofsocialthingsisoftentriggeredbyaccidentaleventsorindividualcharacters,whichhasstrongrandomnessandambiguity;socialsciencesoftenItalsoinvolvesmoreissuessuchas"should"and"desire",andthejudgmentoftheseissuesstronglydependsontheobserver'sideologicalmotivation,andisrestrictedbymanyinternalandexternalvariables,showingstrongrandomnessandambiguity.Itisdifficultforpeopletofindtheinevitablefactorsbehindtheserandomfactors,anditisdifficulttofindthemotivationoftheirideologicalmotivations.Thisbringsgreatdifficultiestotheaccurateandobjectiveanalysisofsocialsciences.Therefore,theycanonlyusequalitativefactorsinalargeamount.Meansofanalysis.
Dependence
Generalsocialthingsarebuiltonthebasisofmanynaturalthings,orareconnectedwithmanynaturalthings,soanysocialscienceofteninvolvesmanynaturalsciencesThefielddependstoalargeextentontheoveralldevelopmentofnaturalsciences.Ifthenaturalsciencesarenotfullydeveloped,itwillbedifficultforthesocialsciencestomakemajorbreakthroughsinaccuracyandobjectivity.
Subjectivity
Theunderstandingandevaluationofsocialthingsarerestrictedbymanysubjectivefactors(especiallyemotionalfactors),whichmainlydependontheinterestsoftheobserverandtheobjectofobservationRelationships(especiallytherelationshipbetweeneconomicinterests),varioussocialsciencesarethereforepronetohavestrongnationalandclasscharacteristics.Thiskindof"preconceived"subjectivefactors(especiallynationalfeelingsandclassfeelings)causedbyinterestrelationsinducepeopletoformanon-neutral,non-objective,andirrationalattitudeofobservation,whichiseasytoformarepresentativeoftheinterestsofdifferentnationalities.The"socialscience"ofsocialsciencesandclassinterests,andtheydonotcompromisewitheachotherandworkindependently,thusseriouslyhinderingthehealthydevelopmentofsocialsciences.
Difficulttoverify
Socialthingsgenerallyhavealongoperatingcycleandareirreversibleintime.TheoperationofsomesocialthingsispronetogeneratehugeconflictsofinterestandcauseSomeunpredictabledisastersmakeitdifficulttocarryoutrepetitiveexperiments,andmanysocialsciencehypothesesandpredictionsaredifficulttoverifyinashortperiodoftimeandwithinasmallscope.
Relationshipwithnaturalscience
1.Socialthingsareaspecialkindofnaturalthings.Socialthingsareoftenconstrainedbymanynon-linearlyrelatedvariables,andgenerallyhavetheabilitytoself-organize,create,anddevelopthemselves;socialthingsarebuiltonthebasisofmanynaturalthings,orconnectedwithmanynaturalthings;Socialthingsgenerallyhavealongoperatingcycleandareirreversibleintime.
2.Sociallawisaspecialnaturallaw.Theoriginofthelawsofsocietyisthelawsofnature.Anykindofsociallawscanbedialecticallyreducedtocertainlawsofnature,anditsoriginalformcanbefoundinthelawsofnature;thelawsofsocietycomprehensivelyreflectavarietyoflawsofnatureThespecificcontentofthesociallawisbynomeansthesimplesuperpositionandmechanicalmixingofmultiplenaturallaws,butorganiccoordinationaccordingtoacertaintimeandspacesequence,logicalstructure,andmodeofactiontoproduceacertaincoherenteffect,thusformingabrandnewObjectivelaw;sociallawreflectsthedevelopmentdirectionofnaturallawintheoveralleffectoftheopensystem;sociallawreflectstheobjectivecontentofnaturallawatahigherlogicallevel;sociallawreflectsnaturewithgreatercontingencyandvolatilitycharacteristicsTheinevitabilitycharacteristicsoflaws;sociallawsreflectthedeterministiccharacteristicsofnaturallawswithmoreambiguityandchaoticcharacteristics;sociallawsreflecttheobjectiveandprescribedcharacteristicsofnaturallawswithmoresufficientinitiativeandcreativecharacteristics.Initiativeandcreativitycannotbecompletelyarbitraryandunconstrained.Theyarebasedonthepremiseoffollowingandobeyingthelawsofnature.Inessence,theycannotviolatetheobjectivestipulationsofthelawsofnature.Onthecontrary,theyaretheobjectivestipulationsofthelawsofnature.Theembodimentofahighermeaning.Inshort,socialthingsarethecomplexwaysofexistenceofnaturalmatter;sociallawsarethecomplexmanifestationsofnaturallaws;sociallawsarenotadenialofnaturallaws,onthecontrary,theyaredemonstrationsofnaturallawsatahigherlevel.
3.Socialscienceisaspecialkindofnaturalscience.Sincetheoriginofallsociallawsarenaturallaws,allsocialsciencescanbasetheirassumptionsonthebasicaxiomsofnaturalscience;sincesociallawscomprehensivelyreflectthespecificcontentofmultiplenaturallaws,allsocialsciencesSciencecanbedescribedinacomprehensivemannerusingvariousnaturalsciencemethods;sincesociallawsreflectthedevelopmentdirectionofnaturallawsintheoveralleffectoftheopensystem,socialsciencescanberegardedasaspecialpartofnaturalsciencesasawhole.Anditsultimatedestinationisnaturalscience;becausesociallawsreflecttheobjectivecontentofnaturallawsatahigherlogicallevel,socialsciencesaremoreabstractthanordinarynaturalsciencesandfollowmorecomplexlogicallaws.;Becausesociallawsreflecttheinevitabilitycharacteristicsofnaturallawswithgreatercontingencyandvolatilitycharacteristics,thatis,sociallawsoftenneedtobereflectedthroughmanyaccidentalandirreversiblesocialevents.VarioussociallawsexpoundedbysocialsciencesItisoftennoteasytoobtainempiricalevidence,whichdeterminesthatsocialscienceismorespeculativebutlessempirical;becausesociallawsreflectthedeterministiccharacteristicsofnaturallawswithmoreambiguityandchaoticcharacteristics,thatis,eachThiskindofsociallawisoftennoteasytobeclearlyandaccuratelypresentedtopeoplebecauseoftoomanyvariablesandtoocomplex.Peopleusuallycanonlycarryoutinaccuratequalitativeanalysis;becausethesociallawreflectsthenaturallawwithmorefullinitiativeandcreativecharacteristicsTheobjectiveandprescriptivefeatureoftheempire,thatis,peoplecannotonlypassivelyadapttotheenvironment,butalsoactivelychoosetheenvironment,transformtheenvironment,andcreatetheenvironment.Toacertainextent,theycanflexiblychooseandusesociallawsaccordingtotheirownsubjectivedesiresorinterestrelationships,andCarryingoutsomesubjectiveassumptionsandfuzzyjudgmentsdeterminesthatsocialsciencehasastrongersubjectivewill,emotionalorientation,andclassnature,andhaslessobjectivity,rationality,andfairness.
Scientificresearch
Summary
Marxoncepredicted:"Scienceistheactualscienceonlyifitstartsfromnaturalscience.Historyitselfisnaturalhistory.Thatistosay,therealpartoftheprocessthatnaturebecomesman.Naturalsciencewillincludescienceaboutmaninthefuture,justashumanscienceincludesnaturalscience:thiswillbeaunifiedscience"(TheCompleteWorksofMarxandEngels,Vol.42P.128).Overthepast100years,mankindhasmaderapidprogressinbothnaturalsciencesandsocialsciences,especiallythedevelopmentofnaturalsciences,whichhasnotonlypenetratedintothemacroscopic,cosmoscopic,andmicroscopicfieldsofnature,butalsoIthasdevelopedintothehumanbody(includingthebrain)andhumansociety,andthesetwoaspectsarestillconstantlyinfiltratingandintegratingwitheachother.Socialsciences(includingthinkingsciences)areincreasinglybeinginfluencedbynaturalsciences.Manynaturalscienceresearchmethodshavebeeneffectivelyappliedtotheresearchprocessofsocialsciences,whichhaseffectivelypromotedthedevelopmentofsocialsciences.Thedevelopmenttrendofsocialsciencesthatcontinuouslyadoptstheresearchmethodsofnaturalsciencesiscalledthe"scientificization"ofsocialsciences.
Content
Theso-called"researchmethodofnaturalscience"isbasedonbasicmathematicallogicasthepremise,andtheuseofprecisetheories,experimentalmethodsandscientificlanguagetoavoidresearchpremisestothegreatestextentSubjectivityandambiguity.Itsbasiccharacteristicsare:
①,thehypothesismustbebasedonbasicaxioms;
②,theinferenceoperationmustfollowstrictlogicprocedure;
③,theresultmustbeabletowithstandRigorouspracticeorexperimentalverification.
Intheresearchmethodsofnaturalsciences,mathematicalmethodsareespeciallyimportant.Thismethodcanprovidescientificresearchwithconciseformallanguage,precisequantitativeanalysismethods,andrigorousinferenceprocedures..Obviously,theresearchmethodofnaturalscienceisthebestwayforpeopletofully,objectivelyandaccuratelygraspthenatureandlawsoftheobjectiveworld.Theultimategoalofsocialscienceistofully,objectivelyandaccuratelygraspthenatureandlawsofhumansocietyandthinking.Thesocialsciencesthathaveachievednaturalsciencearetrulymaturesocialsciences.Theintroductionofnaturalscienceresearchmethodsintosocialsciencesisaninevitablerequirementforscientificdevelopment.Itcanbeseenthattheoveralltrendofsocialscienceisobjectification,precisionandsystematization,whichisessentially"scientificnature".
Necessity
SocialproductivityTheneedforaccuracy,objectivityandsystemicityofsocialsciencesrestrictsthedevelopmentofsocialsciencesThedecisivefactor.Whenthedevelopmentlevelofsocialproductivityislow,socialthingsarerelativelysimple.Thesocietyonlyneedstocarryoutmacroscopicandthick-linecontrol.Peopleonlyneedtoadjustandcontroltheirbehaviorsandthoughtsthroughsimplesubjectivereflections.Theaccuracyandobjectivityofsciencearenotdemanding,andthedrivingforceforthedevelopmentofsocialsciencesinthedirectionofaccuracyandobjectivityisnottoogreat.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofsocialproductivity,thedegreeofcomplexityofsocialthingshasfurtherincreased,andtheerrorscausedbypeople’ssubjectivereflectionshavebecomelargerandlarger,andtheresultingsocialharmshavebecomemoreandmoreserious,whichpromotesthesocialsciencestobecomemoreaccurate.Andthedrivingforceforthedirectionofobjectivityisgrowing.Atthesametime,asthedivisionoflaborinsocietyisbecomingmoreandmoresubtleandthesocialstructureisbecomingmoreandmorecomplex,themeansofsocialcontrolarebecomingmoreandmorediverse,accurateandtimely,andvariouslegalprovisionsarebecomingmorespecificandprecise.Therequirementsforsexandobjectivityaregettinghigherandhigher.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces,socialrelationshavebecomemoreandmorecomplexandchangeable,whichrequiressocialsciencetocontinuouslyimproveitsobjectivity,accuracyandsystem.Toachievethesepoints,wemustdo:First,thetheoreticalproofmustfollowstrictlogicalrules;second,thetheoreticalpremisemustbebasicaxioms;third,theextensiveuseofmathematicalmethods.
Possibility
Manyscientistshaveseentheinevitabletrendoftherealizationofnaturalscienceinsocialsciencesandhavedonealotofresearchwork,butmanyofthemendedinfailure.Therefore,somescholarsevenfundamentallydenythisinevitabletrend.Theyabsoluteizethedistinctionbetweensocialsciencesandnaturalsciences,andmystifysocialsciences,especiallythehumanities.Theythinkthatsocialsciencesinvolve"should".Thequestionisthequestionof"whatshoulditbe".Naturalscienceinvolvesthequestionof"whetheritis",thatis,thequestionof"whatisobjective".Thesearetwoissuesofdifferentnatureandcannotbestudiedtogetheratall.Itisimpossibleforsocialsciencestodeveloponthebasisofnaturalsciences.Manypeoplebelievethattheobjectsstudiedbynaturalsciencesarenaturalobjectswithoutsoulsandautonomousconsciousness,whiletheobjectsstudiedbysocialsciencesarehumanbeingswithsoulsandautonomousconsciousness.Infact,theproblemof"probability"canalsobedescribedbynaturalscientificmethods,becauseinessence,theproblemof"probability"isactuallyaproblemofthechoiceof"maximumvalue"or"maximumvalue".Itisnotacomplicatedprobleminmathematics.Therefore,thedifferencebetween"asitshouldbe"and"asitis"isnottheessentialdifferencebetweensocialsciencesandnaturalsciences,andcannotbeusedasatheoreticalbasisfordenyingtherealizationofnaturalsciencesinsocialsciences.Itisnotonlynecessaryforsocialsciencestomovetowardsnaturalsciences,butalsopossible.Nomatterhowcomplicatedsocietyis,itisultimatelyaproductofnature,anditisidenticaltonatureinahighersense.Nomatterhowsuper-sensualandsuper-material,humanbeingsareultimatelyamanifestationofmaterialmovement.Thecomplexityandmysteryofmanandsocietycanfinallybefully,accuratelyandobjectivelyrevealedanddescribedthroughthedevelopmentofnaturalscience.Naturalsciencesandsocialscienceswilleventuallybecomeinfinitelyclosetothesameaxisandbecompletelyintegrated,whichcancompletelyeliminatethesubjectivity,ambiguityandimprecisionthatprevailinthecurrentsocialsciences.Thedevelopmentofmodernsciencehasproducedhighlyabstractandcomprehensivesystemtheory,cybernetics,andinformationtheory.Thesetheorieshavepenetratedwidelyintovariousfieldsofsocialsciences,greatlyincreasingthespeedofthenaturalsciencesofsocialsciences.Inparticular,thedissipativestructuretheory,synergytheory,catastrophetheory,andhypercycletheorythatappearedinthe1970slaidapreliminarytheoreticalfoundationfortheadvancementofnaturalsciencetothebiologicalworldandthentothehumansociety,whichenabledustograduallyeliminateconflicts.Themysteryofhumanbeingsandtheaweofsocialscienceshaveenabledustoseeanewfutureandnewdawnforthedevelopmentofsocialsciences.
Bridge
Traditionalvaluetheorycannotbuildabridgefromsocialsciencetonaturalscience.Manysocialscienceissuescannotbedescribedandanalyzedbynaturalsciencemethods.Ontheonehand,itisbecauseoftheimperfectionsofnaturalscienceresearchmethodsthatcannotadapttocomplexandchangeablesocialthings,notbecauseofthelimitationsofnaturalscienceitself.Toacertainextent,anycomplicatedsocialscienceproblemcanbedescribedandanalyzedbynaturalsciencemethods;ontheotherhand,becausesocialsciencehasnotfoundaproperbreakthroughtoopenuptheconnectionchannelwithnaturalscience,orhasnotestablishedacommunicationchannel.Abridgetonaturalscience,notbecausethereisaninsurmountablegapbetweensocialscienceandnaturalscience.Aslongassuchatheoreticalbridgeisbuilt,thenaturalscienceofsocialsciencecanbesuccessfullyrealized.Thetraditionalvaluetheorycannotserveasabridgefromsocialsciencetonaturalscience.Ontheonehand,becauseitsconnectionwithsocialscienceissuperficial,fragmented,andnarrow,itisspecificallymanifestedin:thevaluetheoriesfollowedorimpliedbydifferentsocialsciencesareofteninconsistent,andsometimestherearehugecontradictionswitheachother;eachvaluetheoryisdifferent.Thelawofmovementofvaluethingscanonlybeexplainedfromacertainnarrowangle;thelawofmovementofvaluethingsisnotconnectedwithmanysociallaws.Ontheotherhand,itsconnectionwithnaturalsciencesisalsosuperficial,fragmentedandnarrow,whichisspecificallyexpressedin:thebasicconceptsarenotconnectedwiththebasicconceptsofnaturalsciences,andthehypotheticalpremisesarenotbasedonthebasicaxiomsofnaturalsciences.Theoreticalargumentationdoesnotstrictlyfollowthelogicalrulesofnaturalscience,thevaluemeasurementmethodisinconsistentwiththemeasurementunit,andmathematicalmethodsarerarelyusedintheresearchprocess.
Specificapproaches
Therealizationofnaturalscienceinsocialsciencesdoesnotmeanthatsocialsciencesindividuallyorpartiallyintroducetheresearchmethodsofnaturalsciences,butthatsocialsciencesmustbecompletelybasedonnaturalscienceThebasicaxiomofisthehypothesis,allinferencesandcalculationsmuststrictlyfollowtheprescribedlogicalprocedures,andtheconclusionsobtainedmuststandthetestofstrictpracticeorexperiment.Torealizethenaturalscienceofsocialsciences,twomajortasksmustbeaccomplished:
(1)Realizethenaturalscienceofvaluetheory.Torealizethenaturalscienceofvaluetheoryistotakethebasicaxiomsofnaturalscienceasthehypothesis,todialecticallyreducethevaluemovementofhumansocietytothegeneralphysicalandchemicalmovement,andtousenaturalsciencemethodstoobjectivelytreatvariousvaluephenomena.Andpreciseanalysis.Specificapproach:Lookatvaluefromanenergyperspective,definevaluefromaphysicsperspective,andachieveaunifiedcalculationofvalue.
(2)Establishextensiveandin-depthconnectionsbetweensocialsciencesandvaluetheory.Afterthevaluetheoryhasachievednaturalscience,itisnecessarytoextendthevaluetheorytoallfieldsofsocialscience.Allsocialphenomenacanfinditsvaluemotivation,andallsociallawscanbedescribedbycertainvaluechangelaws..Specificwaystoestablishabroadandin-depthconnectionbetweensocialscienceandvaluetheory:viewtheworldfromavalueperspective,deducedfromthelawofmaximumorderthelawofgeneralizedvalue,Andspreadittoothersocialsciencefields.
Obviously,theunifiedtheoryofvaluehassuccessfullycompletedtheabovetwotasks,thussettingupabridgefromsocialsciencetonaturalscienceandcreatinganewleapforwardfortheentiresocialsciences.condition.