Преглед
"Todistinguishthedifferencebetweennamesandthings,andtodistinguishthedifferencesinceremonies":Therearemanythingsintheworld,withdifferentnames.Thecommonpeoplecallthingsandwanttofindoutwhytheyarenamed.Toadapttothispsychologicalneed,amasterpiecededicatedtoexploringthesourceofthenamesofthingsappearedintheendoftheEasternHanDynastyinmycountry,whichis"ShiMing".
Въведение
"Shiming",abooktoexplainthemeaningofwords.AttheendoftheHanDynasty,LiuXiwrote,"ShiMing"isaworktoinfertheoriginofthemeaningofwordsfromtheperspectiveofthesoundofthelanguage.Itusesthesoundtoexplainthereasonwhythingsaresonamed,andnoticesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthepronunciationofthetimeandtheancientsounds.
"Shiming"hasbeenwidelycirculatedintheendofWu,andithasbeenvaluedbyscholars.Ithasagreatinfluenceontheexegeticsoflatergenerations,anditisalsothekeytothestudyofChineseetymology,anditsstyleismodeledafter"ErYa".Afterthe"ShiMing"cameintobeing,noonesorteditoutforalongtime.IntheMingDynasty,LangKuijinco-printeditwith"ErYa","LittleErya","GuangYa",and"BiYa"andcalledit"TheCompleteBookofFiveYas". Тъй като другите четири книги използват името "Ya", "ShiMing" е променено на "YiYa". Оттогава "ShiMing" е наречено "YiYa".
Главно съдържание
Thebook"ShiMing"istoinfertheoriginofthemeaningofwordsfromtheperspectiveoflanguageandsound.LiuXisaidinthepreface:"Xithinksthatsinceancienttimesithasbeenmadetomakeartifactsandstatues.Sincethecreationofthings,ithasbeenmadeinmoderntimes,ormadebyceremonies,orbythepeople,thenamesareelegantandpopular,andtherearemanydifferentparties....Realityhasitsownmeaning,andthepeopledon'tknowwhatitmeanseveryday.Therefore,Iwroteaboutheavenandearth,yinandyang,fourseasons,states,dubai,caruniforms,funerals,andthetoolsusedbythepeople, обсъждане и препращане, това, което се нарича "Shiming", има двадесет и седем статии."
27-те статии са разделени в 8 тома. Тълкува се като небе, земя, планини, вода, хълмове, пътища, състояния, форми, външен вид, старейшини и деца, роднини, реч, храна, колекция, бижута, дрехи, дворци, мрежи за легла, книги, класическа количка, използване на инструменти, музикални инструменти, войници, превозни средства, кораби, болести и траур. Това представлява класификацията на LiuXi на нещата, представени с думи.
LiuXiexplainedthesourceofthename,usingthemethodofvoicetraining.Theso-calledsoundtrainingistousewordswiththesameorsimilarsoundtoexplainthemeaningofaword.Shengxunhasbeenadoptedinpre-Qinclassics.IntheHanDynasty"ErYa","Dialect","ShuWenJieZi"andotherworks,soundtrainingwasalsousedalot.However,thenamesandwordsofthewholebookareexplainedbythesoundinstruction,so"ShiMing"isthefirstbook,whichisLiuXi'soriginalcreation.
Автор
LiuXi,theauthorof"Shiming",wasborninBeihai(intheareaofShouguangandGaomi,ShandongProvincetoday).HelivedintheageofEmperorHuanandEmperorLing.HeoncestudiedunderthefamousclassicscholarZhengXuanandescapedchaostoJiaozhouinJian'an.
Съдържание
Thereare8volumesof"Shiming".Theprefaceofthefirstbooksays:Sinceancienttimes,thenamesofutensilsandthingsareelegantandpopular,andthenamesofeachpartyaredifferent...Thehusband’snameisinfacteachhasitsownmeaning,andthepeoplesayiteveryday,withoutknowingitsmeaning.Bangguo,Dubi,caruniforms,funerals,andthedeviceusedbythecommonpeople,onthenarrativeandreferrals,called"Shiming",FanTwenty-seven".ExplainthatthepurposeofLiuXi'swritingofthisbookistoletthepeopleknowthereasonsormeaningsofthenamesofeverydaythings.The27chaptersareinorder:ShiTian,ShiDi,ShiShan,ShiShui,ShiQiu,ShiDao,ShiZhouKingdom,ShiShapeBody,ShiZiRong,ShiChangYoung,ShiFamily,ShiYan,ShiDiet,ShiCaiSilk,Releasejewelry,releaseclothes,releasepalaceroom,releasebedtent,releasebookcontract,releasecodeart,releasedevice,releasemusicalinstrument,releasesoldier,releasecar,releaseboat,releasedisease,releasefuneralsystem.Thereareatotalof1502famousceremoniesreleased.Althoughitisnotcomplete,itispossibletogetaglimpseofthefamousceremoniesatthattime.
Метод на тълкуване
LiuXiexplainedthesourceofthenamebyusingthemethodofvoiceinterpreting.Theso-calledsoundtrainingistousewordswiththesameorsimilarsoundtoexplainthemeaningofaword.Shengxunhasbeenadoptedinpre-Qinclassics.IntheHanDynasty"ErYa","Dialect","ShuWenJieZi"andotherworks,soundtrainingwasalsousedalot.However,thenamesandwordsofthewholebookareexplainedbythesoundinstruction,so"ShiMing"isthefirstbook,whichisLiuXi'soriginalcreation.
Fromtheperspectiveoftherelationshipbetweentheexplanatorywordandtheexplanatoryword,thereareroughlyseveralsituationsinthesoundtrainingin"ShiMing",namely:
хомофон, като "Алчност, Таня, се насочва към други точки." "Смела, Таня, нетърпелива да удари врага." Алчност и Тан, смелост и Таня имат същия звук;
orsoundclose, suchas"Каране, завладяване и принуждаване на други с лоши думи." Скара се, YubuMingniuisonthesound;forced,DuobuBangniuentersthesound;
Или двойни тонове, като "He, Xiaye", Тече през подземието." Реката и долната вода истински XiaNiu;
Или припокриваща се рима, като "луна, странно, пълно, странно".
След като използва думата като произношение на "ShiMing", тя също така обяснява причината за използването на тази дума, за да обясни значението й. Например, "Вземане на други точки" обяснява причината, поради която "Tan" се използва за обяснение на "алчност"; "ManyisQue", което обяснява причината, поради която "Yue" се тълкува от "Que". Това също не е комбинация от sound.
"Раздробяване" използва voiceInstructiontoexplaintheceremoniesoffamousthings, someofthemareMoreApropriate и andsomeofthemareinvented. ("ShiTian")Thisexplanationisveryfar-fetched.Infact,therearemanywaystogetnamesforthingsintheworld,andthesituationisverycomplicated.Thederivationofanamefromonethingbysoundcluesisjustonewaytonameit.Andsomenamescomefromconventions,theyarejustacodeforrecordingthings,andthereisnoconnectionbetweensoundandmeaning.Therefore,ifthenamesofthingsareallexplainedthroughthesoundinstruction,itisboundtobewrong.Therefore,the"SummaryoftheSikuQuanshuGeneralCatalogue"criticized"ShiMing"as"soundinginthemiddle".However,morethan1700yearsago,LiuXinengwrotesuchanetymologicalbook, което е наистина ценно.
Академична стойност
"ShiMing"and"ErYa","Dialect","ShuoWenJieZi"havealwaysbeenregardedasfourimportantexegeticalworksintheHanDynasty.Itoccupiesanimportantpositioninthehistoryoflearningandhashighacademicvalue.Itsvalueismainlymanifestedas:
1."ShuMing"explainedthenameandthingswithsoundinstruction,openedthewayforseekingrighteousnessbecauseofsound,andpromotedtheproductionofancientrhymebooks."ShiMing"alsocollectsthemasteryoftheHanDynastyphonetics,providingreliablematerialsfortheexaminationofthelateHanphoneticsandthestudyofancientphonetics.Whatisparticularlyvaluableisthat"ShiMing"recordsthedialectpronunciationofsomewordsatthattime.Forexample,"ShiTian":"Heaven,Yu,Si,Yan,andJispeakwiththeirtongues.Tian,expressesalso,andexpressesthemontheupperlevel.QingandXuspeakwiththeirtongues.""Wind,Yan,Yu,Si,JiHengkoucloseshislipsandspeaks.Thewindisubiquitous,anditsairisubiquitousandanimalisalso.QingandXuYanfengopentheirlipsandpushtheqitospeak."TheserecordsillustratethepronunciationpartsandpronunciationmethodsofsomedialectwordsintheHanDynasty.ThisissomethingthatYangXiong's"Dialect"doesnothave,soitisveryprecious.
2. "ShiMing" записва много често срещани думи в династията Хан, които могат да бъдат сравнени с "ErYa", "Shuowen" и древни класически бележки. Например, "Shuowen·Hebu": "Qin, след Boyi, земята, подходяща за Той. От Той, провинцията е ударена." JinRunalso. therearemanyexegesisthataredifferentordifferentfrom"ErYa","Shuowen"andJingzhuan,whichareveryvaluableexegeticalmaterials.Forexample,"Poetry·Beifeng·SpringWater":"Ithinkaboutfertilizersprings."MaoChuan:"Whatcomesoutisthesame,butwhatgoesintodifferentplacesiscalledfertilizerspring."Whyisspringwaterfromthesamesourceandflowingtodifferentplacescalled"fertilespring"?"ShiMing·ShiShui"said:"Whentheoriginalwasborn,itwaslessinfiltrated ,andthebranchesthatbelongedtoitwerescatteredandmorelikefatpeople."LiuXiexplainedthewholestoryandwentonestepfurtherthanMaoChuan.Anotherexampleis"BookofRites·QuLishang":"Seventy-eightmeansoldandpassedon,eightyandninety-year-olds.""ShiMing·ShiChangyou"said:"Seventy-sixtymeanselders,andthehairiswhite."Eighty"means"Chu","Yu" , "TieYe", а кожата е черна ютия. Деветдесет "Да" е гърба на скумрията, с текста на гърба." Това обяснение е различно от "QuLi", а съдържанието е още по-високо. Друг пример е "Shuowen": "Wa, керамика, общото наименование на изгорена." Waben се отнася за изпечена керамика." ,thefirmappearance."Thetilementionedherereferstothetilethatbuildstheroof(theancienttilehasatang,outward;thetileandthetangareconnected,justlikepeopleThefootisconnectedtotheankle,so"wa"isinterpretedas"ankle"),whichshowsthatthemeaningof"wa"hasshiftedatleastattheendoftheHanDynasty.ThiskindofmaterialisveryvaluableforustodiscussthesemanticsofwordsandthehistoryofChinese.
3.„ShiMing“ също така пази някои древни поговорки от династията Хан. Например „ShiTian“: „Изобличаване, безпокойство и прикриване на нещата.“ „Притеснително“ е стара поговорка, наричана още „покриваща роса“. Появява се в „Huainanzi · Shizepian“, което означава „сянка“ и „овлажняване“. „ShiTian“ :"Rainbow,alsocalledabeauty."Thisisanancientcommonname.Legendhasitthatinancienttimes,therewasacouplewhodiedoffoodinthefamineyear,andtheyallturnedintogreenrainbows,sothecustomcalledthemthebeautyrainbow."Shisangzhi":"SincetheHanDynasty,deathisamatterofthings.""Deathinprisonmeanstest."Theseancientsayingsconveytheinformationofthelanguageoftheancienttimesandcanbeusedasevidenceforinvestigatingthetrajectoryofancientandmodernlanguages.
4.Theobjectofinterpretationin"ShiMing"doesnotfocusontheliteraturelanguage,butfocusesonthedailynamesandthings,soitinvolvesawiderangeofsociallife,fromastronomy,geography,personnel,andcustoms;plus"ShiMing"Thebookisnotfarawayfromthepast,sotheancientsystemcanbeinferredbasedonthenamesandthingsexplained.Forexample,"Shishuqi":"Hansystem,abouttheemperor'sentitlementtotheprince'sbook.Theenactment,theemperor,andtheemperor'sorderisnottoviolatethelaw."ItshowsthatwhentheHanDynastycanonizedtheprince,therewasadocumenttopreventhimfrombreakingthelaw.Anotherexampleis"ShiDianyi":"Thesteleisthequilt.Theburialwassetup,ShiLulu(辘轳)wasplacedontopofitwitharope,andthecoffinwascitedbelow.Thecourtiersrecountedthemeritsoftheemperor,andtheUnitedStateswroteaboutit.Above.LatergenerationsbuiltontheheadofDaoMofornoreason(thatis,materialfate),theobviousplace,thenameofthetextiscalledthestele.”Theevolutionofthefunctionofthestelecanbeseenfromthis.Itturnsoutthatinancientfunerals,thereweretwostonestelesateachendofthetomb,andapotter'swheelwasplacedbetweenthesteles.Later,thestelewasusedtotracetheachievementsoftheancestors."Shishuqi":"Wat,Huye.Ifyouhaveinstructionsandenlightenment,thebookisonit,andyoucanforgetit."Fromthis,wecanunderstandthepurposeofthepalmsheldbytheministersintheancientcourts."Shiclothes":"Thecrotch,oneisthechest,andtheotheristheback."ThecrotchoftheHanDynastyisequivalenttothevestoftheoffspring."Uh,putitontheshoulders,it'snotasgoodasthebackoftheshawl."Itistheshawl.ThepredecessorsbelievedthatitstartedintheJinDynasty,soitcanbeseenfromtheendoftheHanDynasty."ShiJewelry":"Quiet,quilt.Thosewithlesshaircanbehelped."ItturnsoutthatwigswereusedasheaddressesasearlyastheHanDynasty."Ear-piercingandShizhucalledZhuo.Thiswasoriginallydonebybarbarians,andbarbariansareeasytowalk,sothisiswhattheChinesepeopledotoday."ThebirthandspreadofZhuocanbeseenfromthis."Shuyongqi":"Fill,Jiaye.Addasticktothehandle,andthegrainwillemergefromtheears."Itcanbeseenthatthefarmtoolflailusedforthreshinginsomeareashasalonghistory.Readingtheserecordscanobtainencyclopedicknowledge,understandthecivilizationhistoryofancientChinesesociety,andexaminetheoriginsofthingsandtheproductionandlifeoftheHanDynasty.
Fromtheabove,itcanbeseenthat"ShiMing"isanextremelyimportantworkforthestudyofexegetics,linguistics,andsociology.BiYuanfromtheQingDynastysaid:"Hisbooksarereferencedintheschool,theancientandthemodern,thedistinctionbetweenthenamesandthedifferencesbetweentheceremonies,andthebook"ErYa"and"Shuowen"areindispensableinthefuture."("ShuMingshu"Prologue")Thisevaluationisverypertinent.
Анотация на изданието
След създаването на „ShiMing“ никой не го е организирал дълго време. „Ya“ и „Piya“ са копирани и се наричат „WuYaQuanShu“. Тъй като другите четири книги използват името „Ya“, „ShiMing“ е променено на „YiYa“. Оттогава „ShiMing“ се нарича още „YiYa“.
Бележки
Theprintedversionof"ShiMing"hasmanydefects,sotheQingDynastymadesupplementaryexplanationsonitAmongthem,themostimportantworksareBiYuan's"ShuMingShuzheng","ShiMingSuzhenSupplement",WangXianqian's"ShiMingShuZhengSupplement",thelatterisamasterpieceoftheQingDynastyresearchandcollationof"ShiMing".
Today’scompilingbooksincludeZhuMincheandSunYuwen's"ShimingShuzhengSupplement"(PublishedbyZhonghuaBookCompany),andRenJifang's"ShiMinghuiSchool"(QiluPublishingHouse).
The Worksof ContinuedGuang
WeiZhao's"DistinguishingNames"
Продължение на ShiMing и ShiMing добавки на BiYuan
ZhangJinwu's"GuangShiMing"
Типове мотивация
TheТипове мотивацияofShiMingcanbedividedintoMotivationofdescription,motivationofdescription,motivationofloan,derivationandcomposition.
"ShiMing"imitatesthevocalrationale,orimitatesthesoundofnaturalphenomena,orimitatesthesoundofmusicalinstruments,productiontools,orimitatesthephysiologicalsoundofhumanbeings,etc.Motivationofdescriptionnatureisthebasisofimitationofthestateofthings.Thelendingbasisisthebasisfromnon-Chinesewords.Thederivationof"ShiMing"isbasedonthefactthatthereisacertainconnectionbetweenthepronunciation,meaning,shapeandgrammarofthewordtobeinterpreted.ThetypeofcompoundmotivationinShimingcanbedividedintocompoundmotivationofclustercompoundwords,compoundmotivationofrelatedcompoundwords,andcompoundmotivationofcompoundwordswithambiguousmeaningrelations.Thereasonablegroundsrevealedin"ShiMing"accountedformorethan75%ofallinterpretedwords."ShiMing"isatrustworthydictionaryofrationale.Therearealsosomeflawsinthestudyoftherationaleof"ShiMing".Oneis"thematerialisnotrich,andtheomissionisalittlebittoomuch",andthesecondis"involvement.Buttheflawsdonotconcealthemerits,andthecontributionof"ShiMing"isindelible.
Резюме на четирите съкровища
„Shiming“ · Осем тома (intheNeifuCollection)
WrittenbyLiuXiintheHanDynasty.Theword"Xi"isacountryfromBeihai.Twentychaptersofhisbook.Withthesamesoundandharmony,inferringthemeaningofnameanddistinguishingthings,itisquitehurtfulinthemiddle,butitcanbeseenbecauseoftheancientpronunciation.Goingbacktotheancienttimes,theartifactsreleasedcanalsobetracedtothelegacyoftheancientsystem.Forexample,"SongsoftheChuNineSongs":"XueLipatsthesilksilk."WangYi'snote:"Pat,fightandPialso."Theword"boandPi",nowIdon'tknowwhatitis .Guanisthebook"ShuChuangTengPian",whichisknownas"tofightagainstthewall"byZhiYiXi.InKongYingda's"BookofRites,Justice",alltwelvepiecesofdeepclothingwerehandedoverandreferredtoasjun.Itisthebook"ShiXixianPian"thatsays:"Yun,襜,襜襜canalsobebytheside."Itcanbemutuallyconfirmedwiththe"Yuzao"whosaid"the衽isbytheside"."ShibingPian "says:"Theswordroomiscalledcutting,thedecorationoftheroommouthiscalled琫,andthedecorationattheendofthenextiscalled琕."Itisenoughtoprovetheerrorofthe"MaoShiXunZhuan".Ithasalotofresearchandevidence.WuWeizhaotriedtowriteavolumeof"DistinguishingNames"tocorrectXi'smistakes,andhisbookwasnotpassedon.However,the"ClassicExplanation"quotedoneofthewords:"The"ShiMing"says:Thesoundofthecarintheancientsislikearesidence,soitisalsoaresidence.Todayitisacar ,andthesoundrulerhidesthereverse.Theancientssaidthatthesoundofacarislikearesidence,wordsanddeedsmakepeoplelive.Todayitisacar.Acarisahouse,andawalkerislikeahouse."Coveringthe"four-characterears").WeiZhaoyun"Theancientcaristheextravagantantiphonicruler.SincetheLaterHanDynasty,therehasbeenahomeaccent."Thepoemof"HeBiying"uses"Che"torhyme"Hua".Thepoemof"Taoyao"uses" Hua"torhyme"Home".JiaGuYingu,HuaGuYinfu,thenCheGuYinju,moreUndoubtedly.WhatXisaidisnotwrong,andwhatZhaozhihasdiscernedmaynotbecompletelylost.Thebookortitleis"YiYa".GaiMingLangKuiJintakesthebookand"ErYa","XiaoErYa","GuangYa"and"PiYa"wereco-printed,andthenamewas"FiveYa".Sincethefourbooksallhavethenameof "Ya",thetitleof"YiYa"waschangedtofollowthecategory.Itisnottheoriginaltitle,soIwon'tfollowitnow."LiuZhenBiography"intheLaterHanDynasty,calledZhenZhenwrote50"ShiMing"todistinguishthetitleofallthings.Thetitleofthebookisthesame,andthelastnameisthesame.ZhengMing'sselectionof"ZhenYan"isquitesuspicious.Thosewhocherish"ShiMing"aretreasuredbooksthathavebeenlostforalongtimeandshouldnotbeusedassuchbooks.Mingxuanalsocallsthisbooktwenty-seven,whichisinconsistentwiththecurrentedition .Mingxuan,хората в Wanli,не трябва да пропускатдревното издание,Пропуснахте паметта за известно време,погрешно взехте двадесет до двадесет и седем?