40-та годишнина
TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee
DengXiaoping
DengXiaopingTheory
Seektruthfromfacts
Дискусия относно стандарта за истина
XiaogangVillage
Големи договори
Четири основни принципа
Тридесет години реформи и отваряне
Първият етап на социализма
The19thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina
Разгъване
BackgroundHistory
PoliticalBackground
TheresolutionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonseveralhistoricalissuesofthepartysincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(unanimouslyadoptedattheSixthPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonJune27,1981)Basicestimatesandevaluationsweremadeforthesevenyearsofcompletingsocialisttransformationandthetenyearsofcomprehensivelybuildingsocialism.
Forthe10yearsofthe"CulturalRevolution",thedocumentmentioned:The10yearsoftheCulturalRevolutioncausedthepartystateandpeopletosufferthemostserioussetbacksandlossessincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Historyprovesthattheargumentsofthe"CulturalRevolution"donotconformtoChina'srealityandMarxism-Leninism.TheseargumentsarecompletelywrongintheirestimationoftheclasssituationinChinaandthepoliticalsituationofthepartyandthecountryatthattime.Practicehasprovedthatthe"CulturalRevolution"isnotandcannotberevolutionorsocialprogressinanysense.Itisnot"disorderingtheenemy"atallbutchaosingitself,soithasneverbeenandcannotbeachievedfrom"disorderunderheaven"to"disorderunderheaven."Historyhasalreadydeterminedthatthe"CulturalRevolution"wasacivilturmoilthatwaswronglyinitiatedbytheleadersandusedbycounter-revolutionarygroupstobringseriousdisasterstothepartystateandpeopleofallethnicgroups.InOctober1976,theconspiracyofLinBiaoandJiangQingcounter-revolutionarygroupwassmashed,thepartywassavedfromthecrisis,therevolutionwassaved,andourcountryenteredanewperiodofhistoricaldevelopment.
Голяма повратна точка
На 18-22 декември 1978 г. ДънСяопин свика Третата пленарна сесия на Единадесетия централен комитет на Комунистическата партия на Китай. Това е голяма повратна точка с далечно значение в историята на четирите партии:
1.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeisameetingtobuildonthepast.Specifically,itre-establishedtheMarxistideologicallineofseekingtruthfromfacts,playeddowntheslogan"classstruggleasthekeylink,"whichisnotapplicabletothecurrentsocialistsociety,anddecidedtoshiftthefocusoftheworkofthewholepartytosocialistmodernization.
2.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeisameetingtocreatethefuture.TheplenarysessionclearlypointedoutthatthehistoricaltaskofthepartyinthenewperiodistobuildChinaintoamodernsocialistcountry,whichopenedthepreludetosocialistreformandopeningup.
3.StartingfromtheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,theChinesepeoplehaveenteredanewperiodofreform,openingup,andsocialistmodernization.SincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,thePartyCentralCommitteewithDengXiaopingatthecorehasgraduallyopeneduparoadtobuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.For40years,theChinesepeoplehaveachievedworld-renownedconstructionachievementsalongthisroad.ThemeetingopenedthepreludetoChina'ssocialistreformandopeningup.InDecember1978,Chinabegantoembarkonthepathofreformandopeningup.
DengXiaopingsaid:"Anynation,acountry,mustlearnfromothernations,thestrengthsofothercountries,andtheiradvancedscienceandtechnology."SohefirstproposedtoimplementreformandopeningupinChina.HehasmadeanindeliblecontributiontoChina'sreformandopeningup,andisknownasthechiefdesignerofChina'ssocialistreform,openingupandmodernization!
Икономическа обстановка
Икономически, от 1978 г., въпреки че брутният национален продукт на Китай достигна 362,4 милиарда юана, той се е увеличил повече от два пъти от 171,6 милиарда юана през 1965 г. Средният процент на нарастване достигна 6,8%, и е установена независима, цялостна индустриална система. ултурна революция, фазата на CCP преживява известна степен на криза на управлението и доверието.
Inordertoaccelerateeconomicdevelopmentassoonaspossible,thesecondgenerationofleadershipledbyDengXiaopingbegantosolvetheseproblemsonebyone,andtriedtochangethepeople’sdeep-rootedimageoftheCommunistPartyandsocialism.ThepurposeofthisreformmovementisOnthepremiseofmaintainingthesocialistsystem,changethemanagementsystemandpoliciesthatarenotsuitableforproductiondevelopmentinproduction,andestablishamarketeconomicsystemundersocialism.Theeconomicaspectofthisreformmadethefirstbreakthroughinruralareas,andthereformswerequicklyimplementedinvariouseconomicfieldsacrossthecountry.
DengXiaopingcametopowerforthethirdtime,tryingtocarryoutacomprehensivereformofthedomesticeconomicsystematthattime,andtryingtotransferChina’seconomicsystemfromaplannedeconomicsystemtoamarketeconomy.DengXiaoping’seffortsandreformattemptsIthasbeenenthusiasticallysupportedbythepeople.
Theplannedeconomy
Theplannedeconomywasonceconsideredtobeoneoftheeconomicsymbolsofsocialismandcommunism.Sincethe1950s,China’splannedeconomywasonceanearlystageinChina.TheeconomicrecoveryandinitialdevelopmentofChinahavemadeahugecontribution,butastimeprogresses,itsdrawbackshavebecomeincreasinglyobvious:
Гуанджоу (2 снимки)
1.Thecontrolofthedomesticeconomyhasreachedanastonishingdegree.Thegovernmentandenterpriseshavenoseparationofresponsibilities,ignoringthelawofvalueandtheroleofmarketregulation;everythingisplannedastheoutline,unabletomeettheneedsofconsumergroups,restrictingthedevelopmentofthecommodityeconomy,andbecomingthelargestinChina’seconomicdevelopment.bottleneck.2.Thequantityofgoodsproducedisintheplan,andthepurchaseofgoodsalsorequirescorrespondingcommoditytickets(forexample,thepurchaseofgrainrequirescorrespondingfoodtickets),whichmakesitdifficultforconsumerstobuythegoodstheyneedeveniftheyhavemoney.
3.Bothindustrialandagriculturalproductionandcommoditymanagementarecompulsorypublicownershipofthemeansofproduction.Individualsarenotallowedtoholdprivateproperty,andalllaborachievementswillbedividedequally.Thisresultsinproducersnotinterestedinexpandingproductionandlargelylosingtheirenthusiasmforlabor.Onlyrelyingon"bigpotofrice"tolivealifehaslostthemotivationtodeveloptheeconomy.
Единственият път
I.Статусът на страната трябва да бъде променен по това време
"Културната революция" остави сериозно въздействие върху страната. Ситуацията: бавно развитие на производителността, неразрешени проблеми с храната и облеклото за хората, изостанали технологии и образование и т.н. Тази ситуация не може да се промени, без да се промени. Как да се промени? Има само един отговор: реформа.
Второ, Китай се нуждае от революция
NewChinawasfoundedandthenewdemocraticrevolutionwascompleted.However,afterthefoundingofNewChina,thehighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemestablishedbytheSovietUnionhadseriouslyhinderedthedevelopmentofChina'sproductiveforces.Chinaneedsasecondrevolutiontoliberatetheproductiveforces.Thissituationcannotbechangedwithoutchanging.Howtochange?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
3.Социалистическата система има нужда от самоусъвършенстване и развитие
Eachhistoricalstageofthesocialistsocietyneedstobekeptinatimelymannerinaccordancewiththerequirementsofeconomicdevelopment.Promotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystemandmakethesocialistsystemfullofvigorandvitality.Wheredoesthevitalityandvitalitycomefrom?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
4.Необходими са нови идеи за осъществяване на социалистическата модернизация
Thenewideasaretoestablishandcontinuouslyimprovethesocialistmarketeconomicsystem,andactivelyandsteadilyadvancethepoliticalsystemReform,developsocialistdemocracy,buildsocialistpoliticalcivilization,andpromoteculturalsystemreform.Whereisthenewidea?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
Процес на формиране
Реформата започна
DengXiaoping(3photos)
FengyangCounty,AnhuiProvincebefore1978XiaogangVillageisawell-known"three-reliantvillage"inthecountywhere"fooddependsonresale,moneydependsonrelief,andproductiondependsonloans".Almosteveryfamilygoesouttobegforfoodaftertheautumnharvesteveryyear.OnNovember24,1978,18farmersinXiaogangVillage,withthecouragetobethefirstintheworld,pressed18handprintsandsetupaproductionresponsibilitysystem,whichopenedthepreludetoChina'sruralreform.Perhapsitisacoincidenceofhistory-shortlyafterthesefarmerspressedtheirfingerprints,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasgrandlyopenedintheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing.Ataseverehistoricaljunctureconcerningthecountry’sdestinyandfuture,China’stoppoliticiansandfarmersatthebottom,representedbyDengXiaoping,jointlyopenedanewpageinhistory.XiaogangVillagethusbecamethebirthplaceofChina'sruralreforms.EmancipatingtheMind
OnMay11,1978,thefrontpageof"GuangmingDaily"publishedaspecialcommentator'sarticle"PracticeistheOnlyStandardforTestingTruth",whichtriggeredanationwideeventabouttruth.Bigdiscussionofstandardsissues.UndertheleadershipandsupportoftheoldergenerationofproletarianrevolutionariessuchasDengXiaoping,andrelyingontheclosecooperationoftheoreticalcircles,thepress,andcomradesengagedinpracticalwork,thisdiscussionfinallybrokethroughtheshacklesofthe"twowhatevers"andbecamethethirdpartyofthe11thParty.TheCentralPlenarySessionre-establishedtheMarxistideologicallineandmadetheoreticalandpublicopinionpreparations,whichhadamajorandfar-reachinginfluenceinthehistoricalprocessofthepartyandthecountry.
TospeedupChina'seconomicdevelopment,wemustfurtheremancipateourminds,acceleratethepaceofreformandopeningup,andnotbeconstrainedbysomeabstractdisputesabout"society"and"capital".Inorderforsocialismtogaintheadvantagescomparedwithcapitalism,itmustboldlyabsorbandlearnfromalltheadvancedmanagementmethodsandmanagementmethodsthatreflectthegenerallawsofmodernsocializedproductionandcommodityeconomyfromallcountriesintheworld,includingdevelopedcapitalistcountries.Foreigncapital,resources,technology,talents,andtheprivateeconomyasausefulsupplementshouldandcanbeusedbysocialism.Thegovernmentisinthehandsofthepeopleandthereisastrongpubliceconomy.Thiswillnotharmsocialism,butwillonlybenefitthedevelopmentofsocialism.
DengXiaopingandthesuccessorsofhisideasandotherreformistshavewithstoodtheattacksfromdomesticconservativesandsuccessfullysetreformandopeningupasoneofthecornerstonesofthePeople’sRepublicofChina’spolicy,irreversiblyBringChinaintotheworldeconomyandcloselyintegratewiththeworldeconomy.From1978to2000,thePeople’sRepublicofChinawentfromacountrywith200millionpeoplelivingbelowthepovertylineandisolatedfromtherestoftheworldtoaprosperousandpowerfuleconomywithanactivemarket.1/5ofthepoorpopulation.Chinaisalsoadvancingrapidlyontheroadtoindustrialization,becomingthenewworldfactory.Chinahassuccessfullyrealizedthetransformationfromaplannedeconomytoamarketeconomy.Theoutputvalueoftheprivateeconomyhassurpassedthestate-ownedeconomyintotal,andhasbecomeanimportantdrivingforceforChina'seconomicgrowth.TheintroductionofforeigninvestmenthasalsobecomeanimportantwayforChina'seconomicgrowth.Chinahasattractedthelargestamountofforeigninvestmentintheworld(theintroductionoffundsfromHongKong,MacaoandTaiwanisalsocountedasforeigninvestment).
TheideologyofChinesesocietyhasalsobeguntochange.People’sviewshavegraduallydiversified,andthephenomenonof"Internetpublicopinion"hasemergedinlargenumbers.MostChinesepeoplepreferpeaceful,stableandrapideconomicdevelopment,ratherthanwillingToomanycommentsonideologyandpartypolitics.Regardingfreedomofspeech,exceptforincitingtooverthrowstatepower,underminingsocialstability,leakingstatesecrets,instigatingethniccontradictions,spreadingsecession,propagatingcults,andfeudalsuperstitions,otherspeechesarestillprohibited.Twogenerationsofleaders,JiangZeminandHuJintao,inheritedDengXiaoping'slineofreformandopeningup.JiangZemin's"ThreeRepresents"andHuJintao's"HarmoniousSociety"and"ScientificOutlookonDevelopment"furtherinterpret"SocialismwithChineseCharacteristics."
Формиране на политика
През 1978 г. Третата пленарна сесия на Единадесетия централен комитет на Партията взе голямо решение за прилагане на реформа и отваряне.
In1979,thePartyCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilapprovedGuangdongandFujiantoimplement"specialpoliciesandflexiblemeasures"inforeigneconomicactivities,anddecidedtopilotspecialeconomiczonesinShenzhen,Zhuhai,Xiamen,andShantou.GuangdongProvincebecameoneofthefirstprovincesinthecountrytoopentotheoutsideworld.OnApril13,1988,theSeventhNationalPeople'sCongresspassedaresolutionontheestablishmentoftheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,establishingtheHainanSpecialEconomicZone.ThesuccessfulestablishmentofspecialeconomiczonessuchasShenzhenhasaccumulatedexperienceforfurtheropeningupandhasstronglypromotedtheprocessofChina'sreform,openingupandmodernization.
AftertheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteein1978,thenationaleconomyenteredaperiodofadjustment.InSeptember1979,theFourthPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteepassedthe"DecisiononSeveralIssuesConcerningAcceleratingAgriculturalDevelopment",allowingfarmerstoensuretheiroperationalautonomyandgivefullplaytotheirproductionenthusiasmundertheguidanceofthenationalunifiedplan,adaptingmeasurestotimeandlocalconditions.
OnAugust18,1980,DengXiaopingdeliveredaspeechentitled"ReformofthePartyandStateLeadershipSystem"attheenlargedmeetingofthePoliticalBureauoftheCentralCommittee,whichpointedoutthedirectionforthereformofChina'spoliticalsysteminthenewera.
InSeptember1980,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaissued"SeveralIssuesRegardingFurtherStrengtheningandImprovingtheAgriculturalProductionResponsibilitySystem",whichaffirmedthesocialistnatureofcontractingproductiontohouseholds.
Bythebeginningof1983,theruralhouseholdcontractresponsibilitysystemwithjointoutputwaspromotednationwide.
InApril1984,theCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncildecidedtofurtheropenupthe14citiesofDalian,Qinhuangdao,Tianjin,Yantai,Qingdao,Lianyungang,Nantong,Shanghai,Ningbo,Wenzhou,Fuzhou,Guangzhou,Zhanjiang,andBeihai.Portcity.Graduallyestablisheconomicandtechnologicaldevelopmentzones.
InOctober1984,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheTwelfthCentralCommitteeofthePartysystematicallyproposedandclarifiedaseriesofmajortheoreticalandpracticalissuesinthereformoftheeconomicsystem,confirmingthatChina’ssocialisteconomyisbasedonpublicownership.Theplannedcommodityeconomyisaprogrammaticdocumentforcomprehensiveeconomicsystemreform.Thereformofthepoliticalsystemandthereformoftheeconomicsystemarebasicallycarriedoutsimultaneously.
В средата на 80-те години в Китай също започнаха реформи в различни области, включително наука и технологии, образование и култура.
Since1985,economicopenzoneshavebeenopenedupintheYangtzeRiverDelta,thePearlRiverDelta,SoutheasternFujianandtheBohaiRim.
TheHainanSpecialEconomicZonewasaddedin1988,makingHainanthelargestspecialeconomiczoneinChina.
През 1990 г. Централният комитет на партията и Държавният съвет взеха решение за развитие и отваряне на новия район Пудонг в Шанхай от дългосрочната стратегия за икономическо развитие на Китай. В отварянето на Китай към външния свят се появи нова ситуация.
Модел за отваряне
I.Модел за отваряне на Китай
Отварянето на Китай се разви от крайбрежието към вътрешността, образувайки специална икономическа зона-крайбрежни райони-крайбрежни икономически райони-вътрешност, такъввсеобхватен, многостепенен, широкмодел на отваряне.
Второ, 6-те специални икономически зони на Китай
Шенжен (327,5 квадратни километра)
ДжухайСити (121 квадратни километра)
Ксиамен Сити (131 квадратни километра)
Град Шанту (2064 квадратни километра)
Остров Хайнан (33920 квадратни километра)
Кашгар
Shenzhenhasbuiltamodernandprosperouscityinjustafewyearsafteritwasopenedasaspecialeconomiczone.IthasbecomearepresentativeofChina'sspecialeconomiczoneandisknownasthe"window"ofChina'sopeningtotheoutsideworld.
TheHainanSpecialEconomicZoneistheonlyprovincial-levelspecialeconomiczoneinthecountryandthelargestspecialeconomiczoneinChina.OnApril13,1988,thefirstsessionoftheSeventhNationalPeople’sCongresspassedaresolutionontheestablishmentoftheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,delineatingHainanIslandastheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,implementingamoreopenandflexiblesystemandpoliciesthanotherspecialeconomiczonesinChina,andauthorizingtheHainangovernmenttochangeGreatautonomy.
3.Отворени пристанища на Китай
Пристанищни репортажи, летища, гари, проходи и т.н. за хора, стоки и превозни средства за влизане и излизане от страната. Пристанищата са разделени на първокласни и второкласни спортове.
1.ClassIports:
ClassIportsrefertoportsapprovedtoopenbytheStateCouncil(includingcentrallymanagedportsandsomeportsmanagedbyprovinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment);ClassIIPortsrefertoportsapprovedtobeopenedandmanagedbytheprovincialpeople'sgovernment;
2.ClassIIports:
1.Relyingonotherportstosendpeopletotheloadingandunloadingpoints,startingpoints,anddeliverypointsofforeigntradetransportationofnationalvesselsforentryandexitinspectionprocedures;
2.Portsforbordersmall-scaletradeandpersonnelexchangeswithlocalgovernmentsofneighboringcountries;
3.Пристанища за влизане и излизане, ограничени до гранични жители.
Има три основни типа пристанища, които Китай отваря към външния свят, а именно водни (морски) пристанища, сухопътни (железопътни, обществени) пристанища и авиационни (летищни) пристанища.
Летище:
Lhasa,Tianjin,Dalian,Shenyang,Changchun,Mudanjiang,Hangzhou,Fuzhou,Qingdao
Wuhan,Shenzhen,Meizhou,Sanya,Hailar,Nanchang,Guiyang,Shantou,HarbinWuyiMountain,Luoyang,Hohhot,Hefei,Changsha,Zhangjiajie,Guangzhou,Zhanjiang
Haikou,Nanning,Chengdu,Kunming,Shijiazhuang,Xi’an,Lanzhou,Wenzhou,Guilin,Beihai,Chongqing,Xishuangbanna,Urumqi,Qiqihar,Jiamusi,Jinan,Yantai
KashgarYanji,Shanghai,Ningbo,Huangshan,Xiamen,Weihai,Yichang,Yinchuan,Beijing,Nanjing
Железопътно пристанище:
Tumen,Dongguan,Guangzhou,Hekou,Dandong,Suifenhe,Pingxiang,Alashankou,Manzhouli,Shenzhen,Foshan,Zhaoqing,Hunchun,Ji’an,Erenhot,Harbin,Zhengzhou
HighwayPort:
QuanheHuanggangDongningWenjinduHengqinYouyiguanShuikouRuiliwandingGanqimaoRoadLinjiangNanpingMishanJilongTurgateShatoujiaoGongbeiRiverSourceDongxingJinshuiRiverCamphorTreePulanHongqiLapuHorgosMazongMountainSanheHunchunMohanTianbaotaKeshikenArihasatKaishantunMengdingTengchongYierkeshitanmuzhaltDuratabaktujimuNaiaheitubek,Hongshanzui,WulastaiLaoyeTemple,CekezhuengadabuqisuifenheLongbangAlashankou
TenCombinations
Sincethereformandopeningup,ourpartyandthecountryWhileachievingworld-renownedachievementsinsocialistmodernization,ithascreatedandaccumulatedawealthofpracticalexperience.Basedonthesummaryoftheexperienceofreformandopeningupatthe13thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyHowcanalargedevelopingcountrywithmorethanonebillionpeoplegetridofpoverty,acceleratetherealizationofmodernization,consolidateanddevelopsocialism,sumupthevaluableexperienceofthe"tencombinations"inanall-roundandvigorousmanner.
ThefirstcombinationisthatChina’sreformandopeningupcansucceed,thekeyisnottolosethe"oldancestors",butalsotodevelopthe"oldancestors";notonlycontinuetocreatenewprospectsforcareerdevelopment,butalsocontinuetoopenupThenewrealmofMarxisttheory.Thiscombinationhaspromotedtheliberationofpeople'sideasandsocialproductiveforces.
ThesecondcombinationisthatChinesesocialismcanshowvigorandvitalityinthenewerabecauseitisasocialismthatimplementsreformandopeningup;thereasonwhyChina’sreformandopeningupcandevelophealthilyliesinItisconducivetotheconsolidationanddevelopmentofsocialistreformandopeningup.Thiscombinationhascreatedatrulyactivesocialismandcreatedasocialismthatwillfurtherbenefitthepeople.
Thethirdcombinationisthatinthereformandopeningup,wenotonlyrelyonthestrongleadershipofthepartyandthegovernment,butalsorespectthegrassrootspeople,especiallythelocalreforminitiative.SuchacombinationenablesChinatoeffectivelymaintaintheharmonyandunityofthecountryandtheintegrationofsocietyunderthecircumstanceofdiversifiedinterestscausedbyreformandopeningup.
Thefourthcombinationisthatthenewsystemofsocialistmarketeconomy,asanunprecedentedinitiative,iscloselyconnectedwiththebasicsystemofsocialism.Thiscombinationmakesthesocialistmarketeconomyasystemmodelthatnotonlyconformstothegeneralrequirementsofthemarketeconomy,butalsoconformstothenatureanddirectionofsocialism.
Thefifthcombinationisthatweattachimportancetobotheconomicsystemreformandthesuperstructurereformincludingpoliticalsystemreform;andinadvancingthepoliticalsystemreform,theexpansionofdemocracyiscombinedwiththeimprovementofthelegalsystem.Combined.Thiscombinationhascreatedapoliticalsystemmodelthathasboththeadvantagesofdemocracyandcentralism.
Thesixthcombinationisthat,intheprocessofreform,openingupandmodernization,Chinanotonlyattachesimportancetothedevelopmentof"materials",thatis,thedevelopmentofsocialproductivity,butalsoattachesimportancetothedevelopmentof"people",thatis,theimprovementofthecivilizedqualityofthewholepeople..Suchacombinationunitestheoveralldevelopmentofhumanbeingswiththeoverallprogressofsocietyinthepracticeofmodernization.
Theseventhcombinationsaysthat,intheleadershipofreform,openingupandmodernization,thepartytimelycombinesthepromotionofdevelopmentandefficiencywiththeemphasisonsocialfairnessandthepromotionofsocialharmony.SuchacombinationnotonlykeepsChinesesocietyfullofcreativevitality,butalsohelpstoavoidpolarizationandachievecommonprosperity.
TheeighthcombinationsaysthatChina,alargedevelopingcountrywithapopulationofmorethanonebillion,cannotdevelopwithoutparticipatingineconomicglobalization,letaloneindependence.Thiscombinationenablesustomakegooduseofbothdomesticandinternationalmarketsandresourcesatthesametime,andachievemutualbenefit,inclusiveness,andwin-winresultsinequalcompetitionthatseeksadvantagesandavoidsdisadvantages.
Theninthcombinationisthat,inthecourseofreformandopeningup,Chinapaysattentiontothecoordinationoftherelationshipbetweenreformintensity,developmentspeedandsocialaffordability,andtheimprovementofpeople’slivesisanimportantintegrationpointfordealingwiththerelationshipbetweenthesethree..Suchacombinationnotonlyavoidsthesevereeconomicrecessionandviolentsocialshocksthathaveoccurredinmanytransitionalcountries,butalsoenablestheresultsofreformanddevelopmenttotrulybenefitallpeople.
Thetenthcombinationsaysthatourpartycombinesthetransformationoftheobjectiveworldwiththetransformationofthesubjectiveworldtoprovideastrongpoliticalandorganizationalguaranteeforreform,openingup,andmodernization.ThiscombinationnotonlypromotesthegreatcauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,butalsoadvancesthegreatnewprojectofpartybuilding,therebycontinuouslyimprovingtheparty'sleadership,governance,andabilitytoresistcorruptionandpreventdegeneration.
Статистика
Списъкът на БВП в континентален Китай от 1980 г. до 2010 г. (преобразуван в щатски долари в международни валутни борси), взет от базата данни на Световната банка
(Забележка: тъй като Китай, континентален Китай въвежда контрол върху обменните курсове. RMB се обезцени рязко в средата на 80-те години, така че през 1976 г., когато БВП беше преобразуван в щатски долари, стойността намаля)
<таблица>Година
p>БВП
Темпа на растеж
Съотношение на градското население спрямо общото население
1973 г
7,8%
1974 г.
2,3%
1975 г.
8,7%
1976 г.
-1,6%
1977 г.
7,6%
1978 г.
365 милиарда
11,7%
17%
1979 г
4068 милиарда
7,6%
18%
1980 г
184 516 266 711
7,8%
20%
1981 г
194 111 112 580
5,2%
21%
1982 г
203 183 214 982
8,9%
22%
1983 г.
228 455 947 880
10,8%
22%
1984 г
257 432 147 241
15,1%
23%
1985 г
306 666 660 698
13,4%
24%
1986 г
297 831 879 942
8,9%
25%
1987 г.
270 372 194 997
11,7%
26%
1988 г
309 522 625 242
11,2%
27%
1989 г
343 973 680 226
4,2%
27%
1990 г
356 936 901 184
3,9%
28%
1991 г
379 468 656 246
9,3%
29%
1992 г
422 660 918 111
14,2%
30%
1993 г
440 500 898 965
13,9%
30%
1994 г
559 224 707 281
13,1%
31%
1995 г
728 007 199 936
10,9%
32%
1996 г.
856 084 729 312
9,9%
33%
1997 г
952 652 693 079
9,2%
34%
1998 г
1 019 458 585 326
7,8%
35%
1999 г
1 083 277 930 360
7,7%
36%
2000
1 198 474 934 199
8,5%
37%
2001
1 324 806 914 358
8,3%
38%
2002 г
1 453 827 554 714
9,1%
39%
2003 г
1 640 958 732 775
10,0%
39%
2004 г
1 931 644 331 142
10,1%
40%
2005 г
2 256 902 590 825
11,4%
41%
2006 г
2 712 950 886 698
12,7%
42%
2007 г
3 494 055 944 791
14,2%
43%
2008 г
4,521,827,288,304
9,7%
44%
2009 г
4 991 256 406 735
9,4%
45%
2010 г
5 926 612 009 750
10,6%
50%
2011 г
484124 милиарда
9,5%
51%
2012 г
534123 милиарда
7,9%
52%
2013 г
588019 милиарда
7,8%
53%
2014 г
635910 милиарда
7,3%
54%
2015 г
676708 милиарда
6,9%
56%
2016 г
74 трилиона
6,7%
57%
2017 г
82 трилиона
6,9%
57%
Съществуващи проблеми
През последните 40 години реформата и отварянето на Китай постигнаха големи постижения.В същото време има реална липса на дизайн от най-високо ниво, липса на дизайн от най-високо ниво и непоследователност и непоследователност. интегриране на мерки за реформи и отваряне във всички аспекти. Насърчаването на реформи чрез отваряне е основният опит от реформи и отваряне на моята страна. Тези тайни на успеха се крият във въвеждането на външен надзор за корпоративно управление и правителствено управление чрез активно интегриране в световния пазар за подобряване на ефективността на управлението .Въпреки това, през последните 40 години, нито макро-средното, нито микрониво външният надзор, създаден от реформи, е наистина външен. Стратегията "Един път" не е само общата програма на моята страна, отваряща се към външния свят, но и общият ключ към всеобхватно задълбочаване на реформите. Чрез интегриране в международното управление и развиване на транснационално сътрудничество за права на собственост на държавни предприятия, прилагането на стратегията "Един пояс, един път", ефективно ще избегне ограниченията на Запада да предотврати самото управление да бъде разпръснато от „късогледия“ пазар и да се придържа към „четирите основни принципа“.икономическото управление на моята страна, националното управление и социалното управление допълнително въведоха надзорни органи извън системата на управление, за да създадат силен и по-ефективен външен надзор и основно да разрешат сегашния проблем с ефективността на управлението. и "бездействието" на реформите е наложително за укрепване на изграждането на нова отворена икономическа система, водена от стратегията "Пояс и път", и цялостно насърчаване на реформата и развитието на различни области в Китай, особено на реформата от страна на предлагането.
State-ownedenterprisereform
Inthestate-ownedenterprisereform,alargenumberofenterprisebankruptciesandmanagerialpersonnelembezzlementofstate-ownedassetshaveoccurred.Somestate-ownedenterpriseshavebeenacquiredbymanagers,resultinginalargenumberofworkersbeinglaidoff.
Educationreform
Aftertheuniversity’sexpansionin1998,becauseChinaisinthesecondaryindustryandlabor-intensiveindustries,themarketdemandedalargenumberofworkersinsteadofcollegestudentsandskilledworkers.Alargenumberofuniversitygraduatesareunemployed.Inaddition,afterthereformandopeningup,duetotheweakeconomicstrengthofthecentralandwesternregions,alargenumberofexcellentteachersflowedtotheeasterncoastalareas.
HousingReform
Theabolitionofwelfarehousingallocationinthemid-1990s,China'scommercialhousingmarketbegantodeveloprapidly.Withthetaxreformin1993,thecentralgovernmentcollected70%oflocaltaxes,butexpendituresforcompulsoryeducation,infrastructure,andmedicalcarewerestilllocal,andthelocalgovernmentscouldonlyrelyonalargenumberofauctionsoflandtomakeupfortheirfinancialshortfalls.Duetotheinfluxoflandfinanceandbankfunds,housingpriceshaveskyrocketed.
Thegapbetweentherichandthepoor
AccordingtotheBritishReutersreport,theNationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaannouncedthatChina’sGinicoefficientreached0.474in2012and0.491in2008.Sincethereformandopeningup,China’sGDPhasexperiencedexplosivegrowth,buttheproportionofwagesinGDPhasbeendeclining,from56.18%in1985to43.12%in2007,adeclinefor22consecutiveyears.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorledtomanymassincidents,suchastheWeng'anincidentinGuizhouandtheZhiliincidentinHuzhou.
>Спомени
От 1978 до 2018, общо 40 години.
Спомени (7 снимки)
1.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteewasheldin1978December18,1978Onthe22nd,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeofthePartywasheldinBeijing.Themeetingmadethedecisiontoshiftthefocusofworktosocialistmodernizationandimplementreformandopeningup;re-establishtheMarxistideological,political,andorganizationalline,andourcountryhasenteredaneweraofsocialistmodernization.
2. Създаването на специални икономически зони през 1979 г.
OnJuly15,1979,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilapprovedtheThereportontheimplementationofspecialpoliciesandflexiblemeasuresforeconomicactivitiesdecidedtosetuppilotspecialzonesinShenzhen,Zhuhai,ShantouandXiamen.OnAugust13,theStateCouncilissuedthe"RegulationsonSeveralIssuesConcerningVigorouslyDevelopingForeignTradeandIncreasingForeignExchangeIncome".Themaincontentistoexpandtheforeigntradeauthorityoflocalitiesandenterprises,encourageincreasedexports,andsetupexportspecialzones.OnMay16,1980,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilapprovedthe"MinutesoftheMeetingofGuangdongandFujianProvinces"andnamedthem"SpecialEconomicZones."
3. Създаването на система за отговорност на домакинството през 1982 г.
OnJanuary1,1982,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaapprovedandapprovedthe"MinutesoftheNationalRuralWorkConference",Pointedoutthatthevariousresponsibilitysystemsimplementedinruralareas,includingfixed-rateremunerationforsmall-scalecontracting,professionalcontractingandco-productionremuneration,co-productiontolabor,contractingtohouseholds,andgroups,etc.,aretheproductionresponsibilitysystemofthesocialistcollectiveeconomy;1983ThecentralgovernmentissuedadocumentstatingthatthejointproductioncontractsystemisagreatcreationofChinesefarmersundertheleadershipoftheparty,andanewdevelopmentoftheMarxistagriculturalco-operativetheoryinChina'spractice.
4. Предложена планова стокова икономика през 1984 г.
OnOctober20,1984,theThirdPlenarySessionofthe12thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldinBeijing.Themeetingunanimouslyadoptedthe"DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonEconomicSystemReform",whichclearlystatedthatthefurtherimplementationofthepolicyofinvigoratingtheeconomyinternallyandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,andacceleratingthepaceoftheentireeconomicsystemreformfocusingoncitiesisthedevelopmentofthecurrentsituationinChina.urgentneed.ThebasictaskofreformistoestablishasocialisteconomicsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,fullofvigorandvitality,andtopromotethedevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces.
5.1986Предприятия, собственост на целия народСтартирала реформа
December5,1986,TheStateCouncilissuedthe"RegulationsonDeepeningEnterpriseReformandEnhancingEnterpriseVitality."The"Regulations"proposethatsmallenterprisesownedbythewholepeoplecanactivelytryoutleasingandcontractingoperations.Largeandmedium-sizedenterprisesownedbythewholepeoplemustimplementvariousformsofoperatingresponsibilitysystems.Localitiescanchooseafewqualifiedlargeandmedium-sizedenterprisesownedbythewholepeopletoconductjoint-stockpilotprojects.
6. През 1987 г. беше предложен основният маршрут на "един център, две основни точки"
October25th-November1st,1987,ChinaThe13thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartywasheld.ZhaoZiyangmadeareporton"AlongtheRoadofSocialismwithChineseCharacteristics".Thereportelaboratedonthetheoryoftheprimarystageofsocialismandproposedtheparty’sbasiclineof"onecenterandtwobasicpoints"intheprimarystageofsocialism:economicconstructionasthecenter,fourbasicprinciplesasthefoundationofthecountry,andreformandopeningupasthefoundation.Theroadtoastrongcountry.Ithasformulatedathree-stepdevelopmentstrategytoachievemodernizationbythemiddleofthenextcentury,andputforwardthetaskofreformingthepoliticalsystem.
7. През 1988 г. беше предложено „Науката и технологиите са основните производителни сили“
DengXiaopingmetwithCzechoslovakPresidentHusakonSeptember5,1988,Putforwardthefamousthesisthat"scienceandtechnologyaretheprimaryproductiveforces".OnMarch13,1985,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinamadethe"DecisionontheReformoftheScienceandTechnologySystem."The"Decision"pointedoutthatmodernscienceandtechnologyarethemostactiveanddecisivefactorinthenewsocialproductiveforces,andthewholepartymustattachgreatimportancetoandgivefullplaytothetremendousroleofscienceandtechnology.Atthesametime,themaintasksofthecurrentscientificandtechnologicalsystemreformarestipulated.
8. Установяването на целта за реформа на социалистическата пазарна икономическа система през 1992 г.
October12-18,1992,the14thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaThecongresswasheldinBeijing.JiangZeminmadeareporton"Acceleratingthepaceofreform,openingup,andmodernization,andwinninggreatervictoriesinthecauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics."Thereportsummarized14yearsofpracticalexperiencesincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,anddecidedtoseizetheopportunitytoacceleratedevelopment;determinedthatthegoalofChina’seconomicsystemreformwastoestablishasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;andproposedusingComradeDengXiaopingtobuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Armthewholeparty.TheCongresspassedthe"ConstitutionoftheCommunistPartyofChina(Amendment)",whichincludedthetheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandtheparty'sbasiclineintothepartyconstitution.Forthefirsttimeintheparty'shistory,thegoalmodelforestablishingasocialistmarketeconomicsystemwasclearlyputforward.
9.Създадена през 1993 г.Модерна корпоративна система
FromNovember11toNovember14,1993,theThirdPlenarySessionofthe14thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheld.Theplenumpassedthe"DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonSeveralIssuesConcerningtheEstablishmentofaSocialistMarketEconomicSystem."Theplenumpointedoutthatthesocialistmarketeconomicsystemisintegratedwiththebasicsocialistsystem.
10. Реформа на фискалната и данъчната система през 1993 г.
На 15 декември 1993 г. Държавният съвет взе решение за внедряването на система за фискално управление със споделяне на данъци. На 25 декември 1993 г. Държавният съвет взе „Решение за реформа на финансовата система“.
11.1994 Цялостна реформа на системата за външна търговия
OnJanuary11,1994,theStateCouncilmadethe"DecisiononFurtherDeepeningtheReformoftheForeignTradeSystem",PutsforwardthatthegoalsofChina’sforeigntradesystemreformare:unifiedpolicies,openoperations,equalcompetition,self-financing,integrationofindustryandtrade,theimplementationofanagencysystem,andtheestablishmentofanoperatingmechanismthatadaptstotheprevailingrulesoftheinternationaleconomy.
12. Пазарно ориентираните реформи в медицината и жилищното строителство бяха приложени през 1992 и 1994 г.
In1985,underthebackgroundofChina’sreformandopeningup,themedicalandhealthsystemAlsostartedtheprocessofreform.Thecoreideaofthemedicalreformistodecentralizepowerandtransferprofitsandexpandtheautonomyofhospitals.Thegovernment'sattitudetowardsthehealthcarereformis:givenomoneytothepolicy.Itspolicyisthatthepriceofmedicinescanbeincreasedby15%tomakeupforthelackofgovernmentinput.Inthe1990s,medicalreformmadewavesagain.InSeptember1992,theMinistryofHealth,basedontheopinionoftheStateCouncil,proposedthathospitalsshould"helpdoctorswithwork"and"subsidizethechiefwithdeputy."In2000,thereformgraduallydevelopedindepth,touchingondeep-seatedissuessuchassystem,mechanism,andstructure.InMarch2000,theGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilforwardedthe"GuidingOpinionsontheReformoftheUrbanMedicalandHealthSystem"oftheeightministriesandcommissions,commonlyknownasthe"14Articles"ofthemedicalreform;inMay2001,theGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilforwardedthe"RegulationsontheRuralMedicalandHealthSystemGuidingOpinionsonReform.
13.Реформа за пазара на жилища
OnJuly18,1994,theStateCouncilmadethe"DecisiononDeepeningtheReformoftheUrbanHousingSystem",clarifyingthebasiccontentofthereformoftheurbanhousingsystem,includingtheThemethodofdistributionwaschangedtoamonetarywagedistributionbasedondistributionaccordingtowork,theestablishmentofahousingprovidentfundsystem,andsoon.Thepromulgationofthe"Decision"openedthedoortothecommercializationofurbanhousing,markingtheestablishmentofChina'scomprehensivehousingmarketizationreform.Itsgreatestsignificanceistosteadilypromotethesaleofpublichousing.Throughthesaleoforiginalpublichousingtourbanemployees,ithasgraduallycompletedTheprocessofprivatizationofhousinginChina.OnJuly3,1998,theStateCouncilissuedthe"NoticeoftheStateCouncilonFurtherDeepeningtheReformoftheUrbanHousingSystemandSpeedingupHousingConstruction."Itispreciselybecausethisdocumentabolishedthesystemofphysicaldistributionofhousingandclearedout"competitors"forthedevelopmentofcommercialhousing,therebyestablishingthemarket'sdominantpositionofcommercialhousing.
14. През 1995 г. беше предложена целта за "две фундаментални промени"
September25-28,1995,theFifthMiddleSchoolofthe14thCCPTheplenarymeetingwasheld.Theplenumpassedthe"RecommendationsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonFormulatingtheNinthFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentandLong-TermGoalsfor2010."The"Proposal"putsforwardthatthekeytoachievingtheNinthFive-YearPlanandthe2010long-termgoalsistoimplementtwofundamentalchangesofoverallsignificance.Oneisthetransformationoftheeconomicsystemfromatraditionalplannedeconomicsystemtoasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;Themodeofeconomicgrowthhaschangedfromextensivetointensive.
15. През 1996 г. бе постигнат значителен напредък в реформата на системата за управление на чуждестранната валута
OnDecember1,1996,ChinabegantoacceptArticle8oftheInternationalMonetaryFundAgreement,ImplementtheconvertibilityofRMBunderthecurrentaccount.
16.През 1997 г. 15-ият Национален конгрес на Комунистическата партия на Китай предложи основната програма на партията в първичния етап на социализма
9,1997From12thto18th,the15thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldinBeijing.ItsystematicallyandcompletelyputforwardanddiscussedtheParty’sbasicprogramintheprimarystageofsocialism:buildingasocialisteconomywithChinesecharacteristicsistobuildasocialisteconomy.Undertheconditionsofsocialism,developamarketeconomyandcontinuouslyliberateanddevelopproductiveforces;tobuildasocialistpoliticswithChinesecharacteristicsistogovernthecountrybylawanddevelopsocialistdemocraticpoliticsundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandonthebasisofthepeoplebeingthemastersofthecountry;buildingasocialistdemocraticpoliticswithChinesecharacteristicsThesocialistcultureisguidedbyMarxism,withthegoalofcultivatingideal,ethical,educated,anddisciplinedcitizens,anddevelopingasocialistcultureofthemassesthatismodernized,world-oriented,andfuture-oriented,nationalandscientific..ThismeetingincorporatedDengXiaopingTheoryastheparty'sguidingideologyintothepartyconstitution.
17. През 1999 г.беше ясно, че непубличният сектор на икономиката е важна част от социалистическата пазарна икономика
Thereportofthe"15thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina"wasfirstproposedin1997"Thenon-publicownershipeconomyisanimportantpartofthesocialistmarketeconomy."
March5-15,1999,theSecondSessionoftheNinthNationalPeople'sCongresswasheldinBeijing.ThemeetingpassedanamendmenttotheConstitutionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,clarifyingthatthenon-publicownershipeconomyisanimportantpartofChina'ssocialistmarketeconomyandhasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces.
18.Предложена през 1999 г.Стратегия за западното развитие
На 22 март 1999 г. "Няколко мнения за широкомащабното развитие на Държавния съвет" изложи мнения за по-нататъшно насърчаване на широкомащабното развитие на западния регион.
19. През 2001 г. Китай официално стана член на СТО
OnNovember11,2001,theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)washeldinDoha,Qatar.TheFourthMinisterialConferencepassedthelegaldocumentofChina'saccessiontotheWTO,whichmarkedthatafter15yearsofhardwork,ChinafinallybecameanewmemberoftheWTO.ItmarksthatChina'sopeningtotheoutsideworldhasenteredanewstage.
20.През 2002 г. 16-ият Национален конгрес на Комунистическата партия на Китай потвърди цялостното изграждане
The16thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaisbasedonthefoundationthatChinahassolvedtheproblemoffoodandclothingandthatthepeople’slivingstandardshavereachedawell-offlevel.Itfurtherputforwardtheconceptofbuildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Awell-offsocietywithahigherlevelofpopulationwillmaketheeconomymoredeveloped,democracymoresound,scienceandeducationmoreadvanced,culturemoreprosperous,societymoreharmonious,andpeople'slivesmoresubstantial.Atthismeeting,theimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents"waswrittenintothepartyconstitutionastheparty'sguidingideology.
21.През 2003 г. съживете Североизтока и други стари областиИндустриална базаПредложена стратегия
2003OnSeptember10,theexecutivemeetingoftheStateCouncilstudiedandimplementedthestrategyforrevitalizingthenortheastandotheroldindustrialbases,andputforwardtheguidingideology,principles,tasks,andpolicymeasuresforrevitalizingthenortheast.
22.През 2004 г. бяха обнародвани "Деветте члена на държавата" за насърчаване на развитието на капиталовия пазар
OnJanuary31,2004,the"StateCouncil’sRegardingPromotingtheReformandOpeningofCapitalMarketSeveralOpinionsonEconomicandStableDevelopmentwereissued,clearlystatingthatvigorouslydevelopingthecapitalmarketisofgreatsignificancetoChina’sstrategicgoalofquadruplingthenationaleconomyinthefirst20yearsofthe21stcentury.
23. През 2004 г. държавните търговски банки извършиха акционерни реформи
BankofChinaCo.,Ltd.иChinaConstructionBankCo.,Ltd.бяха проведени съответно на 26 август 2004 г.Ден и 21 септември бяха създадени.
24.Защитата на частната собственост е включена в конституцията през 2004 г.
OnMarch14,2004,thefourthsessionoftheSecondSessionoftheTenthNationalPeople’sCongresswasdeliberatedandapprovedTheconstitutionalamendment,"citizens'lawfulprivatepropertyshallnotbeviolated","thestaterespectsandprotectshumanrights"andothercontentsarewrittenintotheconstitution.Itmeetstheobjectiveneedsofprotectingprivateproperty,expandsthescopeofprotectionofprivateproperty,andfurtherimprovestheprivatepropertyprotectionsystem.Strengtheningtheprotectionofcitizens’legalprivatepropertyisconducivetoupholdingandimprovingthebasiceconomicsystem,andpromotingthedevelopmentofnon-publicownershipoftheeconomy;conducivetoguaranteeingtherealizationofcitizens’rightsandadvancingtheruleoflaw;conducivetomobilizingtheenthusiasmandcreativityofthebroadmassesofpeopleinacomprehensivemannerBuildawell-offsociety.
25. Разпоредбите за селскостопанския данък от 2005 г. са отменени
OnDecember29,2005,theNineteenthMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheTenthNationalPeople’sCongresspassedthe"RegardingtheRepeal"DecisionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonAgriculturalTaxRegulations",thenewChina'sagriculturaltaxregulationsthathavebeenimplementedfornearly50yearshavebeenabolishedinaccordancewiththelaw,andataxthathaslastedformorethantwothousandyearsinChinahascometoanend.
26.През 2005 г. беше предложено изграждането на нова социалистическа провинция.Нова социалистическа провинцияВажната историческа задача
2005OnOctober11,2005,theFifthPlenarySessionofthe16thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinapassedthe"ProposalsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonFormulatingtheEleventhFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment",whichclarifiedthegoalsandactionsforChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopmentinthenextfiveyears.Theprogramputsforwardthemajorhistoricaltaskofbuildinganewsocialistcountryside,andpointsoutthedirectionfordoingthe"threerural"workwellatpresentandforaperiodoftimeinthefuture.
27. През 2005 г.Реформата за търговия с акцииСтартира пилотно
ApprovedbytheStateCouncil,ChinaOnApril29,2005,theChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommissionissuedthe"NoticeonIssuesConcerningthePilotReformoftheEquityDivisionReformofListedCompanies",announcingthelaunchofthepilotprogramforthenon-tradableequityreform.
28.Madein2006Изграждане на социалистическо хармонично обществоОсновни решения
October2006TheSixthPlenarySessionofthe16thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaheldfrom8to11passedthe"DecisionsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonSeveralMajorIssuesinBuildingaHarmoniousSocialistSociety."Forthefirsttimeinthehistoryofourparty,"improvingtheabilitytobuildaharmonioussocialistsociety"isclearlyproposedasanimportantaspectoftheparty'sabilitytogovern.ThepropositionofthisimportantconclusionisanimportantenrichmentanddevelopmentofMarxisttheory,anditisanothertheoreticalsublimationofourpartyonwhatissocialismandhowtobuildsocialism.
29.През 2007 г. е обнародван"Законът за собственост"
"Законът за собствеността на Китайската народна република" беше публикуван в Беше приет от Петата сесия на Десетия Национален народен конгрес на 16 март 2007 г. и влезе в сила на 1 октомври 2007 г.
30.Развитието на научните перспективи е записано в конституцията на партията през 2007 г.
Thescientificoutlookondevelopment,itsconnotationisacomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentoutlook,whichisrightTheinheritanceanddevelopmentoftheimportantthoughtsondevelopmentofthethreegenerationsofthecentralleadershipcollectiveofthepartyisaconcentratedexpressionoftheMarxistworldviewandmethodologyondevelopment,andisinthesamelineasMarxism-Leninism,MaoZedongThought,DengXiaopingTheoryandtheimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents"ScientifictheoriesthatkeeppacewiththetimesareanimportantguidingprincipleforChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopment,andamajorstrategicideathatmustbeadheredtoandimplementedtodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Incorporatingthescientificoutlookondevelopmentintothepartyconstitutionisthescientificpositioningofthescientificoutlookondevelopmentmadebythe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina,anditisalsoanimportanthistoricalcontributionofthe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina.
Исторически възел
Посещението на ДънСяопин в Съединените щати
OnJanuary1,1979,ChinaandtheUnitedStatesformallyestablisheddiplomaticrelations,28Afterdays,DengXiaopingwasinvitedtovisittheUnitedStates.ThisisthefirstvisitbyaChineseleadertotheUnitedStatesafterthefoundingofNewChina.
SpecialZoneShenzhen
InAugust1980,the18thmeetingoftheFifthNationalPeople’sCongressdecidedtoapprovetheestablishmentofShenzhen,Zhuhai,ShantouandXiamenproposedbytheStateCouncil.Specialeconomiczoneshavethusbegunaneweraofreformandopeningupincoastalcities.
14 крайбрежни града
През 1984 г. Централният комитет на CPCC реши още повече да отвори 14 крайбрежни пристанищни града: Далиан, Кинхуандао, Тиендзин, Янтай, Кингдао, Лианюнганг, Нантонг, Шанхай, Нинбо, Уенжоу, Фуджоу, Гуанджоу, Джандзян, Бейхай. Те са свързани с четирите специални икономически зони XuShenzhen на мъже и остров Хайнан от север на юг и стават границата на Китай, отваряйки се към външния свят.
Основна национална политика за семейно планиране
Asearlyas1957,ProfessorMaYinchu,thefirstpresidentofPekingUniversityinNewChina,recognizedChina’spopulationproblemandproposedInthenewpopulationtheory,hescreamed,"Controllingthepopulationisanurgentmatter."However,atthetime,someleadersofthecountrybelievedthat"Manypeoplemakethingseasier."Asaresult,"thewrongbatchofapersongavebirthtoseveralhundredmillionmore."In1980,thestateofficiallyestablished"familyplanning"asabasicnationalpolicy.
Здравейте, другарю Сяопин
AttheNationalDayCeremonyin1984,peoplemayforgetthegrandmilitaryparadeorthesplendidfireworksshow,butpeoplewillnotforgettheparadeTheaspirationsoftheChinesepeoplefromthestudentsofPekingUniversity:"Hello,ComradeXiaoping."
OneMillionDisarmament
1985isChina's"disarmamentyear."TheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmyhaslaidoff1millionemployeesandhasmaintainedworldpeacewithitsownpracticalactions.
ShanghaiPudong
TheShanghaiPudongEconomicDevelopmentZone,establishedin1990,hasdevelopedveryrapidly.Afterashortperiodof10years,ShanghaiPudonghasbecomeanothermajoreconomicandfinancialcenterofChina.
Южната обиколка на Сяопин
Южната обиколка на Дън Сяопин в Шанхай е „речта на южната обиколка“ (известна също като речта на южната обиколка)
AfterComradeXiaoping’ssoutherntour,ChinachangedInthepast,theformulationoftheestablishmentofaplannedcommodityeconomyformallyproposedtheestablishmentanddevelopmentofasocialistmarketeconomy,bringingthereformtoanewroundofclimax.
50thAnniversaryoftheVictoryoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan
ChineseandJapaneseyouthsattheMemorialHalloftheChinesePeople'sWarofResistanceAgainstJapan
1995isthe50thanniversaryofthevictoryoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan.ProgressiveyouthsfromJapanbroughtthousandsofpapercranesthatsymbolizedpeacetotheWarMemorialoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression.Theydisplayedthebannerof"ChinaandJapanhavebeenfriendlyforgenerationsandwillneverfightagain"toexpresstheircommonyearningforpeace.
Проект ThreeGorges
Проект ThreeGorges-RiverClosure
На 14 декември 1994 г. проектът Three Gorges официално стартира. Оттогава проектът Three Gorges Comprehensive Water Conservancy Project, който е преминал близо 40 години проучване, проектиране и проучване, е в пълен ход и проектът ще продължи 17 години. .
Железопътна линия Пекин-Коулун
OnNovember16,1995,theBeijing-KowloonRailwaywithatotallengthofmorethan2,500kilometerswasopenedtotraffic.DajingjiustartsfromBeijinginthenorth,andrunsthrough9provincesandcitiesinthesouthtoKowloon,creatingthefivehighestrailwayconstructionsinChina:thelongestroadconstructionatatime,themostinvestment,theshortestconstructionperiod,thelatesttechnologyandequipment,andthegeologyandtopographyoftheroute.Theconditionsarethemostcomplicated.
Възстановете системата за приемни изпити в колежа
In1977,therestorationofthecollegeentranceexaminationsysteminterruptedbytheCulturalRevolutionmadeChineseyoungpeoplewhohadbeendeprivedoftheiryouthfor10yearsrejoiced.Thisyear'scollegeentranceexaminationisheldinwinter.Itissaidthatbetween5.7millionand10millionpeoplesignedup.Intheend,273,000peoplewereadmittedacrossthecountry.The"GangofFour"theorythat"Iwouldratherhaveanuneducatedlaborerthananeducatedspiritualaristocrat"hasbecomealaughingstockinChinesehistory.
Чуждестранни приятели учат китайска култура
Afterthereformandopeningup,foreignfriendshavedevelopedakeeninterestinChineseculture.SomeofthempersonallycametoChinatotakeawalkandtakealook;somelearnedaboutChinathroughChinesebooksandfilms,andtheremarkableprogressofChina'stourismindustrybegantomovetowardsanewclimax.
Страна на уважение към възрастните
Sofar,China’sagingpopulationhasreachedmorethan100million.Whethertheagingproblemcanbedealtwithwellisrelatedtothewell-beingofeveryfamily.EspeciallyaftertheimplementationofthefamilyplaninChina,eachcouplewillhaveonlyonechild,whichmeansthatafterafewyears,thenextgenerationofonlychildrenwhogrowupwillbearfourelderlypeopleineachfamily.Thiswillbecomeaserioussocialproblem.
Будистки колеж SichuanNizhong
TheSichuanNizhongBuddhistCollege,whichwasbornintheautumnof1984,isthefirstinstitutionofhigherlearninginChinatotrainchildrentolearnmonks.AftertheCulturalRevolution,theChinesegovernmentimplementedthe"FreedomofReligiousBelief"stipulatedintheConstitution,andreligiousundertakingshavebeenextensivelyprotectedanddevelopedrapidly.
ПроектНадежда
Деца, които са нетърпеливи да четат
На 15 април 1991 г. „Проектът Hope-Hundred“ Действието „Десет хиляди любов“ беше приложен и всички сектори на обществото дариха пари и материали за проекта Hope, а благотворителността привлече безпрецедентно внимание.
Четвъртата световна конференция за жените
TheUnitedNationsFourthWorldConferenceonWomenwasheldinBeijinginthefallof1995.Inordertoachievethegoalofequalitybetweenmenandwomen,womenrepresentativesfromallcountriesfromthefivecontinentsoftheworldgatheredtogetherandpassedthe"BeijingDeclaration"and"PlatformofAction."
От говорене за "секс" смяна на цветаизложба на бодиарт
Човешко тяло с маслени бои
ForChinesepeoplewhohavealwaysbeentaboototalkabout"sex",The"OilPaintingBodyArtExhibition"heldattheNationalArtMuseumofChinainBeijingin1988wasastrongpsychologicalshock.Thenumberofvisitorsin18daysexceeded200,000,whichwasthehighestnumberofvisitorsinthehistoryofthemuseum.
Театърът на Пекинската опера отиде в Тайван за представление
AgroupphotoofMeiBaojiu,ShiHongtu,YangShaochunandMr.ZhangXueliang.
TheperformancetroupetoTaiwanformedbytheBeijingPekingOperaTheaterperformed14performancesinTaipeifromApril12toMay1,1993,whichcausedahugesensation.Mr.ZhangXueliang,whoisinhis90s,watchedthedramathreetimesandtookagroupphotowiththeactors.
Китайският женски волейболен отбор спечели първенството за първи път
InNovember1981,theChineseWomen’sVolleyballTeamwonthethirdWomen’sVolleyballWorldCupwithaseven-matchvictory.champion.ThisisthefirsttimethatChinahaswontheworldchampionshipinthethreemajorworldbasketball,volleyballandfootballgames.Sincethen,theChinesewomen'svolleyballteamhaswonrepeatedlyandwonthe"fiveconsecutivechampionships".
"Нулев пробив" на Олимпийските игри
23-те олимпийски игри
Atthe23rdOlympicGamesheldinLosAngeles,USAin1984,theChinesedelegationwon15goldmedals,eightsilvermedals,andninebronzemedals.ThisachievementbrokethesituationwhereChinahadneverwonagoldmedalintheOlympics,andwashailedasthe"zerobreakthrough"inthehistoryoftheChineseOlympics.
11-ите Азиатски игри
The11thAsianGamesisthefirstcomprehensiveinternationalsportscompetitionheldbyChina.ItwasheldinBeijingbetweenSeptemberandOctober1990.TheChinesesportsdelegationtoppedthelistwithatotalof341medals.
11-ият ПанченЛама
OnJanuary12,1996,PresidentJiangZeminacceptedthegreetingsfromthe11thPanchenLamaandtheTashiLunpoMonasteryAppreciationGroup.The11thPanchenLamapresentedaHadatoChairmanJiang.Afterthedeathofthe10thPanchenLama,accordingtothecustomsofTibetanBuddhism,thecentralgovernmentestablishedaPanchenLama'sreincarnationgrouptosearchforthe11thPanchenLama.OnthemorningofNovember29,1995,infrontofthestatueofSakyamuniattheJokhangTemple,alotterywasheldforthegoldenvase,anditwasdeterminedthatGyaltsenNorbuwasthe11thPanchenErdeni.Inthemorning,theceremonywasheld.OnDecember8,asittingceremonywasheldatTashilhunpoMonasteryinXigaze.
Интернет горещи думи
Три революции и отказ от социализъм с китайски характеристики, хармонично общество и олимпиадата в Пекин
Commemorativeactivities
Collectivelearning
The18thPolitburooftheCPCCentralCommitteeDecember31,2012afternoonCarryoutthesecondcollectivestudyonunswervinglyadvancingreformandopeningup.Whenpresidingoverthestudy,XiJinping,thegeneralsecretaryoftheCPCCentralCommittee,emphasizedthatreformandopeningupisalong-term,arduous,andarduousundertakingthatmustbecarriedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Wemustadheretothereformdirectionofthesocialistmarketeconomy,adheretothebasicnationalpolicyofopeningtotheoutsideworld,usegreaterpoliticalcourageandwisdom,misstheopportunitytodeepenreformsinimportantareas,andmoveforwardcourageouslyinthedirectionofreformandopeningguidedbythe18thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina.
XiJinpingemphasizedthatwemustconscientiouslysumupandusethesuccessfulexperienceofreformandopeningup.Hemadefivecommentsonthis.
First,reformandopeningupisaprofoundrevolution,andwemuststicktotherightdirectionandproceedalongtherightpath.Ontheissueofdirection,wemustbeveryclear-headed,continuetopromotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystem,andunswervinglyfollowthepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.
Secondly,reformandopeningupisanunprecedentedbrand-newundertaking.Wemustadheretothecorrectmethodologyandadvanceitthroughcontinuouspracticeandexploration.CrossingtheriverbyfeelingthestonesisareformmethodwithChinesecharacteristicsandinlinewithChina'snationalconditions.Tocrosstheriverbyfeelingthestonesistofeelthelawsandgaintrueknowledgefrompractice.Crossingtheriverbyfeelingthestonesandstrengtheningthetop-leveldesignaredialecticalandunified.Thepromotionofpartialphasedreformandopeningupmustbecarriedoutunderthepremiseofstrengtheningthetop-leveldesign,andthestrengtheningofthetop-leveldesignmustbeplannedonthebasisofpromotingpartialphasedreformandopeningup.Itisnecessarytostrengthenmacro-thinkingandtop-leveldesign,paymoreattentiontothesystem,integrity,andcoordinationofreforms.Atthesametime,wemustcontinuetoencourageboldexperimentsandbreakthroughs,andcontinuetodeepenreformandopeningup.
Third,reformandopeningupisasystematicproject,andcomprehensivereformsmustbeadheredtoandpromotedinthecoordinationandcooperationofvariousreforms.Reformandopeningupisaprofoundandcomprehensivesocialchange.Eachreformwillhaveanimportantimpactonotherreforms,andeachreformrequiresthecoordinationofotherreforms.Itisnecessarytopaymoreattentiontothemutualpromotionandbenigninteractionofvariousreforms,toadvanceasawhole,tomakebreakthroughsinkeypoints,andtoformastrongjointforcetopromotereformandopeningup.
Fourth,stabilityistheprerequisiteforreformanddevelopment,andtheunityofreform,development,andstabilitymustbeadheredto.Onlywithsocialstabilitycanreformanddevelopmentcontinuetoadvance;onlywithcontinuousadvancementofreformanddevelopmentcansocialstabilityhaveasolidfoundation.Itisnecessarytopersistinunifyingtheintensityofreform,thespeedofdevelopment,andthedegreetowhichsocietycanbearit,andtheimprovementofpeople'slivesshouldberegardedastheintegrationpointforcorrectlyhandlingtherelationshipbetweenreform,developmentandstability.
Fifth,reformandopeningupisthecauseofhundredsofmillionsofpeople.Wemustadheretorespectforthepeople’spioneeringspiritandinsistonadvancingundertheleadershipoftheparty.Everybreakthroughanddevelopmentintheunderstandingandpracticeofreformandopeningup,theemergenceanddevelopmentofeverynewthinginreformandopeningup,andthecreationandaccumulationofexperienceineveryaspectofreformandopeningup,allcomefromthepracticeandwisdomofhundredsofmillionsofpeople.Themoreonerousthetaskofreform,developmentandstability,themorewemuststrengthenandimprovetheleadershipoftheparty,themorewemustmaintaintheflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthepartyandthemasses,begoodatleadingthepeopleforwardbyproposingandimplementingcorrectlines,principlesandpolicies,andbegoodatcreatinganddevelopingfromthepeople’spractice.Chinaisrequiredtoimproveitspolicypropositions,sothattheresultsofreformanddevelopmentwillbenefitallthepeoplemoreandmoreequitably,andcontinuetoconsolidatethemassfoundationfordeepeningreformandopeningup.
XiJinpingemphasizedthatreformandopeningupcanonlybecarriedoutwhilenotbeingcompleted.Withoutreformandopeningup,therewouldbenoChinatodayandnoChinatomorrow.Thecontradictionsinreformandopeningupcanonlyberesolvedbyreformandopeningup.WemustfullyimplementthespiritoftheEighteenthNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina,adheretoDengXiaopingTheory,theimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents",andthescientificdevelopmentconceptastheguidance,activelyrespondtothestrongcallsandardentexpectationsofthebroadmassesofpeoplefordeepeningreformandopeningup,andbuildsocialconsensus.Coordinateandpromotereformsinallfieldsandlinks,andstrivetoadvancereformandopeningup.
Празнична среща
Основна информация:Отбелязване на 40-ата годишнина от реформата и отварянето
Свързани записи:40-та годишнина от реформата и отварянето、Големи промени-мащабна изложба, честваща 40-годишнината от реформата и отварянето
Historicalexperience
XiJinpingdeliveredanimportantspeechatthecelebrationofthe40thanniversaryofreformandopeningup,expoundingthevaluableexperienceaccumulatedinthepast40yearsofreformandopeningup,andemphasizingthatwemustcherishit,sticktoitforalongtime,andcontinuetoenrichanddevelopinpractice.Hesaidthatwemustupholdtheparty’sleadershipoverallworkandcontinuouslystrengthenandimprovetheparty’sleadership;wemustadheretothepeople-centeredapproachandcontinuetorealizethepeople’syearningforabetterlife;wemustupholdtheguidingpositionofMarxismandcontinuetopromotetheoriesbasedonpractice.Innovation;wemustadheretothepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andcontinuetoadheretoanddevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics;wemustcontinuetoimproveanddevelopthesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,andcontinuetoplayandenhancetheadvantagesofChina’ssystem;wemustadheretodevelopmentasthefirstpriorityandcontinuetostrengthenChina'scomprehensivenationalstrength;wemustpersistinexpandingopeningupandcontinuouslypromotethebuildingofacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind;wemustpersistinadministeringthepartystrictlyinanall-roundway,andconstantlyimprovetheparty’screativity,cohesion,andcombateffectiveness;wemustadheretodialecticalmaterialismandhistoricalmaterialismworldoutlookandmethodology,correctDealwiththerelationshipbetweenreform,developmentandstability.
Historicalsignificance
ReformandopeninguparethekeychoiceforthedestinyofcontemporaryChina.ItistheonlywaytodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.OnlythroughreformandopeningupcanChinadevelopInordertodevelopsocialismandMarxism.Thesetwopassagesgiveahigh-levelsummaryofwhywewanttoreform.Weshoulddeeplyunderstandthehigh-leveltheoreticalsummaryputforwardbytheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee.
Thereformhastwoobviouscharacteristics.First,thereformsundertheleadershipofthepartyareaimedatperfectingsocialism.Everymajorreformdecisionisadecisionmadebythecentralgovernmentthroughadecision,whichshowsthatthepartyisactivelypromotingreform.Second,ourreformisgradual,ratherthanaone-stepimplementationlikeinsomecountries.
Theessenceofreformandopeningupistoliberateanddevelopsocialproductiveforces,improveoverallnationalstrength,furtherliberatepeople’sminds,andbuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.ReformandopeningupareanimportantpartofDengXiaopingTheoryandafundamentalpolicyofChina'ssocialistconstruction.Reformincludeseconomicsystemreform,thatis,thereformofahighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemintoasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;politicalsystemreformincludesthedevelopmentofdemocracy,strengtheningthelegalsystem,separatinggovernmentfromenterprise,streamlininginstitutions,improvingthedemocraticsupervisionsystem,andmaintainingstabilityandunity.Openingupmainlyreferstoopeninguptotheoutsideworld,butalsoincludesopeninguptotheinsideinabroadsense.ReformandopeningupisoneofthebasicpointsofthebasiclineoftheCommunistPartyofChinaintheinitialstageofsocialism,anditistheonlywayforChinatobecomeprosperousandstrong.IthasahugeimpactonChina'seconomicdevelopment.
SincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,undertheguidanceofComradeDengXiaoping’stheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,theCommunistPartyofChinaandthepeoplehavebeendeterminedtoreformandstrivehard,andthewholecountryhasbeenfullofvitality,andthelandofChinahastakenplace.Greathistoricalchanges.Socialproductiveforceshavegainednewliberation.Thepoliticalsituationofstabilityandunityhasbeencontinuouslyconsolidated.Theproblemoffoodandclothingfor1.1billionpeoplehasbasicallybeensolved,andthepopulationismovingtowardsawell-offsociety.China'seconomicconstructionhasreachedabigstage,thepeople'slivelihoodhasreachedabigstage,andtheoverallnationalstrengthhasreachedabigstage.Inthecontextofrapidchangesintheworld,China'ssocialistsystemhaswithstoodseveretestsandhasshowngreatvitality.
Реформата и отварянето на Китай направиха забележителни постижения. Чрез тази голяма реформа и отварянето бяха постигнати три големи прехода:
ThefirstgreattransitionisthetransitionfromahighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemtoThetransformationofthesocialistmarketeconomysystemfullofvigorandvitality;
Thesecondgreatturningpointisthetransformationfromaclosedandsemi-closedsocietytoafullyopensociety;
ThethirdgreatturningpointItisthetransformationofpeople'slivesfromsubsistencetoabasicwell-offsociety.Withoutreformandopeningup,itisimpossibletoachievethreegreatchanges.
So,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeproposedthatreformandopeninguparethekeychoiceforcontemporaryChina’sdestiny.
Whenourcountry’sdevelopmentstandsatanewhistoricalstartingpoint,wemustadapttotheprofoundchangesintheeconomicsystem,theprofoundchangesinthesocialstructure,theprofoundadjustmentofthepatternofinterests,theprofoundchangesinideology,andtheunprecedentedopportunitiesthepartyfaces.Thechallengeswearefacingarealsounprecedentednewsituationsandnewsituations.Wewillfurtherbuildconsensusonreforms,strengthenthedirectionofreforms,andimprovereformmeasures.Historyhasproventhatreformandopeningupistheinevitablerequirementandfundamentaldrivingforcefortheliberationanddevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces,andthecontinuousinnovationofvibrantsystemsandmechanisms.ItistheonlywaytodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandrealizethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.OnlysocialismcansaveChina,andonlyreformandopeningupcandevelopChina,developsocialism,anddevelopMarxism.
Thereportofthe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinapointedoutthatreformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionledbythepeopleundertheconditionsofthenewera.TobecomeprosperousandrejuvenatethegreatChinesenation;topromotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentoftheChinesesocialistsystem,togivenewvigortosocialism,tobuildanddevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics;tostrengthenandimprovethepartywhileleadingthedevelopmentandprogressofcontemporaryChinaTomaintainanddeveloptheparty’sadvancednature,ensurethatthepartyisalwaysintheforefrontofthetimes,andenablethepartyandthecountrytodeveloprapidly.
Atthemeetingcelebratingthe40thanniversaryofreformandopeningup,XiJinpingsaidthatreformandopeningupisagreatawakeningofourparty,anditisthisgreatawakeningthatgavebirthtoourparty’sgreatcreationfromtheorytopractice.ReformandopeningupisagreatrevolutioninthehistoryofthedevelopmentoftheChinesepeopleandtheChinesenation.ItisthisgreatrevolutionthathaspromotedthegreatleapofthecauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics!