Преглед
Вестници, новини, оценки, мелодии, забравени от клас, вятър, промени в слънчеви термини... Това съдържание, представено от думи, изображения, звуци, числа, явления, сцени и т.н., се нарича информация.
Theproductionandlifeofhumanbeingsdependtoalargeextentonthecollection,processingandtransmissionofinformation.Theprocessofacquiringinformationandprocessingittomakeitusefulinformationandpublishingitiscalledinformationprocessing.Theprocessofinformationprocessingmainlyincludestheacquisition,storage,processing,releaseandpresentationofinformation.
Придобиване на информация
TheInternet,whichconnectscomputersdistributedallovertheworld,hasbecomethebasisforthenormaloperationofmodernsociety.Ifyouwanttogetmoreinformationatafasterspeed,browsingtheInternetisanidealmethod.
Съхранение на информация
Usinglarge-capacitycomputerstoragedevicestostoredata,itsreliabilityandpermanenceexceedanyinformationstoragemediuminhistory.
Обработка на информация
компютърsthatcanperformhundredsofbillionsoreventrillionsofoperationspersecondprovidepeoplewiththeabilitytoprocessinformationquicklyandaccurately.Itcananalyzeusefulinformationatthefastestspeedfromtheever-changingandplethoraofinformationfordecision-making.
Информационно издание
PublishinginformationontheInternetorsendinge-mailisthefastestandcheapestwaytoreleaseinformation.SendingaletterontheInternet,eveniftherecipientisasfarawayastheUnitedStatesorAustralia,thelettercanarriveintheshortesttime,andsoundandimagescanbesentalongwiththeletter.
Представяне на информация
Multimediacomputersorganicallycombinevarioustraditionalinformationdisplaymethods(suchastext,images,sound,etc.)tomakeinformationmorecolorfulandpresentInfrontofpeople.
Itispreciselybecauseoftheabove-mentionedreasonsthattheinformationindustryhasbecometheworld'sfirstindustry.
Придобиване на информация
Анализ на потребностите от информация
1.Разлики в информационните обекти
DifferencesininformationobjectsrefertothesameinformationpairDifferentpeoplehavedifferentvaluesandmeanings.Peopleoftenneedtoobtaininformationaccordingtotheirownneeds.
2. Времеви изисквания за информация
Intheprocessofobtaininginformation,weneedtoconsiderwithinwhichtimerangetheinformationisvalid.Forexample,thedailynewspaperwillbeuselessthenextday.
3.Географският обхват на информацията
Thegeographicscopeofinformationreferstotheplacewheretheinformationoccursandthescopeofapplication.Forexample,ifwearegoingtotraveltoaforeigncountry,thenweneedtounderstandthecustomsofthatcountry.
4. Съдържанието и формата на информацията
Inabroadsense,informationincludesthecontentoftheinformationitselfandthemanifestationoftheinformation.Forexample,weatherforecastsareexpressedintheformofclouddiagrams,whichwillbemorespecific,vividandintuitive.
Източник на информация
Тип | Пример | Характеристика |
Документални източници на информация | Вестници, енциклопедии, речници и различни публикации и др. | Storedintextformonavarietyofdifferentcarriers,itiscurrentlythemostabundantandmostfrequentlyusedinformationsource |
Тип данни източник на информация | Статистическа графика, числова таблица, данни от измерване и др. | Съхранява се на различни носители в цифрова форма |
Източник на аудио-визуална информация | CD, телефон, филм, телевизия и др. | Informationsourceintheformofsoundorimage,itismoreintuitiveandeasiertounderstandthantext. p> |
Мултимедиен информационен източник | Интернет, цифрова камера, CD-ROM и др. | Интегрирайте множество комуникационни медии като звук, текст, изображение, данни и др. |
Метод за потвърждение
Duetothedifferenttechnicalcharacteristicsoftheinformationsources,themethodsforobtaininginformationarealsodiverse.Forexample,toconducton-siteinvestigationsofrelevantissues,observationmethods,questionnairesurveymethods,interviewmethods,etc.canbeused;themostconvenientmethodisnaturallycomputerretrieval.Therefore,wecanadoptappropriatemethodsaccordingtoinformationneedsandexistingconditions.
Forexample,getinformationaboutthe2008OlympicGames.Therearemanywaystoobtainsuchas:relevantdepartmentsofsportscommissionsatalllevels,newspapers,relatedTVprograms,fansoftheOlympicGames,andbooksonrelatedwebsites(theofficialwebsiteoftheOlympicOrganizingCommittee,theOlympiccolumnoflargenewswebsites,etc.).Accordingtotheactualsituation,itisnotrealistictogototheSportsCommissiontoobtainOlympicmaterials;watchingTVprogramsandnewspapersrequiresalotoftimetobrowse,andlackssystemicity;andaskingOlympicfanscannotbethemainway.Therefore,onlinequeryisamoreeffectivemethod.
Оценяване на информацията
Оценяване на информациятаisaveryimportantstepforeffectiveinformationacquisition,anditdirectlyinvolvesthebenefitsofinformationacquisition.Theevaluationisbasedonthepreviouslydeterminedinformationrequirements,suchastheamountofinformation,theapplicabilityoftheinformation,theformoftheinformationcarrier,thecredibilityoftheinformation,andthetimelinessoftheinformation.
Iftheselectedinformationcannotmeetpeople'sinformationneeds,itisnecessarytofurtherclarifytheinformationneeds,reselecttheinformationsource,andadjusttheinformationacquisitionmethodintimetoobtaininformationagain.
Обработка на информация
Преглед
Обработка на информацияreferstoaseriesofprocessessuchasdiscrimination,screening,classification,sorting,analysis,andreconstructiontomakethecollectedinformationBecometheinformationthatcanmeetourneeds,thatis,thepurposeofinformationprocessingistodiscoverthevalueofinformationandfacilitatetheuseofusers.Обработка на информацияisthebasisofinformationutilizationandanimportantconditionforinformationtobecomeusefulresources.
Важност
1.Inalargeamountoforiginalinformation,thereareinevitablysomefalseinformation.Onlycarefulscreeninganddiscriminationcanavoidthemixingoftrueandfalse.
2.Theinitiallycollectedinformationisakindofinitial,messy,andisolatedinformation.Onlybycategorizingandsortingthisinformationcanitbeusedeffectively.
3.Throughtheprocessingofinformation,newinformationcanbecreated,makingtheinformationmorevaluable.
Общ процес
1 Установете цели за обработка на информация
2 Дискриминирайте, филтрирайте, класифицирайте, сортирайте, анализирайте и пресъздайте събраната информация
3 Модифицирайте и преработвайте според целта
Пример:
Процесът на писане на реч
①Определете темата на речта----------------------------------Процес1
②Дискриминация и проверка на данните-------╗
③Класифицирайте и сортирайте избраните материали╣——————Процес2
④Напишете реч-------------------╝
⑤Ревизия на речта————————————Процес3
компютър
Процес на обработка на информация
компютърhasfastcalculationspeedandlargestoragecapacity,sothecomputercanprocesslargequantitiesofinformationwithhighquality
⒈AccordingtothetypeofinformationAndprocessingrequirementschooseappropriatecomputersoftwareorself-programming,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofcomputertechnology,peoplecanconvenientlyusetheseapplicationsoftwareforinformationprocessing.Forsomedataprocessingwithspecialrequirements,self-programmingisrequired.
⒉Informationentry.Entertheinformationtobeprocessedintothecomputer.Informationentryisnotcomplicated,butitispronetoerrors.Therefore,theenteredinformationmustbestrictlychecked.
⒊Обработка на информация.Aftertheinformationisentered,thesoftwarecanbeselectedtoprocesstheinformation.
⒋Informationoutput.Afterinformationprocessingiscompleted,theprocessingresultscanbedisplayedonthescreenorprintedoutaccordingtotheformatspecifiedbythesoftware
⒌informationstorage.Iftheprocessedinformationisnotusedimmediately,itcanbestoredinthecomputer'sharddiskormobilestorage,andcalledoutwhenitistobeused
Типofinformationprocessing
①AutomaticinformationbasedonprogramdesignProcessingreferstothepreparationofspecialprogramsforspecificproblemstorealizetheautomationofinformationprocessing,whichwecallinformationprogrammingprocessing.Theoriginalintentionofprogrammingprocessingistousethecomputer'shigh-speedcomputingpowertoimprovetheefficiencyofinformationprocessing,beyondthelimitationsofmanualinformationprocessing.
②Humanizedinformationprocessingbasedonpopularinformationtechnologytools,includingtheuseofwordprocessingsoftwaretoprocesstextinformation,spreadsheetsoftwaretoprocessforminformation,andmultimediasoftwaretoprocessmultimediainformationsuchasimages,sounds,videos,andanimations.
③Intelligentinformationprocessingbasedonartificialintelligencetechnology.Referstotheuseofartificialintelligencetechnologytoprocessinformation.Theproblemofintelligentprocessingtheoryishowtomakecomputersprocessinformationmoreautonomously,reducehumanparticipation,andfurtherimprovetheefficiencyandhumanityofinformationprocessing.