История на развитието
Theinventionanddevelopmentoftheprintingpressplayanimportantroleinthespreadofhumancivilizationandculture.
In1439,Gutenberg,Germany,producedawoodenletterpressprintingmachine.Althoughthisverticalspiralhand-panelprintingmachinehasasimplestructure,ithasbeenusedfor300years;in1812,theGermanKoenigmadethefirstcircularflatletterpressprintingpress;HoyintheUnitedStatesinventedtherotaryprintingpressin1847;in1900,thesix-colorrotaryprintingpresswasmade;in1904,RubelintheUnitedStatesinventedtheoffsetprintingpress.
Beforethe1950s,thetraditionalletterpressprintingprocessoccupiedadominantpositionintheprintingindustry,andthedevelopmentofprintingpresseswasalsodominatedbyletterpressprintingmachines.However,theleadalloyreliefprintingprocesshasthedisadvantagesofhighlaborintensity,longproductioncycleandenvironmentalpollution.Beginninginthe1960s,offsetoffsetprintingprocesseswithshortcycletimesandhighproductivitybegantoriseanddevelop,andleadalloyreliefprintingwasgraduallyreplacedbyoffsetoffsetprinting.Softreliefprinting,stencilprinting,electrostaticprinting,inkjetprinting,etc.,havealsodevelopedinpackagingprintingandadvertisingprinting.
Theprintingmachineryoftheworldhasmadegreatprogresssincethe1980s.Formorethan20years,thedevelopmentofprintingmachineryhasgonethroughthreestages:
Thefirststageisfromtheearly1980stotheearly1990s.Thisstageistheheydayofthedevelopmentofoffsetprintingtechnology.ThisperiodThemaximumprintingspeedofthesheet-fedoffsetpressis10,000prints/hour.Thepre-adjustmentpreparationtimeforafour-colorprintingmachinebeforeprintingisgenerallyabout2hours.Theautomaticcontroloftheprintingpressmainlyfocusesontheaspectsofautomaticpaper-bearing,automaticpaperdelivery,automaticcleaning,automaticdetectionofinkcolor,automaticadjustmentofinkvolume,andremotecontrolofregister.Inadditiontosingle-colorandtwo-colorpressesduringthisperiod,almosteverysingle-fedoffsetpressmanufactureralsohadthemanufacturingcapacityoffour-colorpresses,andmostmanufacturerswereabletomanufacturepaperturningmechanismsfordouble-sidedprinting.
Thesecondstageisfromtheearly1990stotheendofthe20thcentury.Inthe1990s,withthesheet-fedoffsetprintingpressasthesymbol,thedesignandmanufacturinglevelofprintingmachineryintheworldhastakenabigstepforward.Comparedwiththemodelsinthefirststage,thespeedofthenewgenerationmodelshasbeenfurtherimproved,from10,000prints/hourto15,000prints/hour,andthepre-pressadjustmenttimehasalsobeengreatlyshortenedfromabout2hoursinthefirststageto15minutes.about.Theautomationlevelandproductionefficiencyofthemachinehavealsobeengreatlyimproved.
Sincethebeginningofthe21stcentury,printingmachineryhasusheredinthethirdstageofdevelopment.Somemodelsofsheet-fedoffsetprintingpressescanreach17,000-18,000prints/hour,butmanufacturersdonotstrivetoincreasethemaximumprintingspeedoftheprintingpress,butthroughtheapplicationofinformationtechnologytofurthershortenthepre-presspreparationtimeandreplacementThetimeofthejobseekshigherproductionefficiency.
Inthefieldofprintingmachineryautomation,networking,productionintegration,digitalworkflow,andmanagementinformationsystem(MIS)linksandothertechnologieshavebecomethefocusofdevelopment.Heidelberg'sCP2000automaticcontrolsysteminadditiontotheentiremachinefrompaperfeeding,paperfeedingandguiding,inking,waterfeeding,platechange,register,cleaning,drying,coating,powdersprayingandpaperdelivery,etc.Inadditiontopre-setting,adjustmentandfaultdiagnosisoftheworklink,italsohasthefunctionsofrealizingthenetworkingofallproductionprocessesoftheprintingenterpriseandonlinetransmissionofprepressimageprocessingdata(CIP3/PPForCIP4/JDFdata).Inthenewcentury,mostoffsetprintingpressmanufacturershavedevelopedcorrespondingDIdigitalprintingpresses.
Inaddition,inordertomeetpeople'sdemandforhigh-endcolorprints,8-colororeven10-colormulti-colordouble-sidedprintingandadditionalin-linepost-pressprocessingfunctionshavebecomevarioussheet-fedoffsetpresses(Includingthedevelopmenttrendofsmalloffsetpresses,DIdirectplatemakingmachinesandlargeoffsetpresses),andthetechnologyisbecomingmoreandmoremature,thistypeofprintingpresshasbeguntosqueezeoutapartofthemarketthatwasoriginallyawebprintingpress.
Класификация
1. Класификация по форма на печатна плоча
Dividedintoletterpress,offset,intaglioandstencilprintingpresses;installationversionAndembossingstructureisdividedintoflatpress,roundpressandroundpress.
(1) Машина за релефен печат
Машина за релефен печат: релефен печат. Машина, която използва буквена печатна машина за завършване на печатния процес. Като машина за визитни картички (смоляна плоча), типопечатаща машина, цинков печат, набор от цифри и др.
(2) Литографска печатаща машина
Литографска печатаща машина: планографска преса. Машина, която използва литография за завършване на процеса на печатане. Като многоцветна машина, четирицветна машина, двуцветна машина, едноцветна машина, бърза печатаща машина и др.
(3) Машина за дълбок печат
Intaglioprintingpress.Amachinethatusesgravuretocompletetheprintingprocess.Suchasglassbagprintingofinstantnoodles,aluminumfoilbagpackagingofbiscuits,etc.
(4) Машина за ситопечат
Screenprintingmachine:screen-processprintingpressThemachinethatusesthescreentocompletetheprintingprocess.Perforatedprinting:suchasscreenprinting,circuitboardprinting,clothprinting,canprinting,inscriptionprinting,partialglazing,etc.
2.Класифицирани по хартия за печат
(1)Листова печатаща машина
Листова печатаща машина: листова печатаща преса Използване на единична листова печатаща машина.
(2) Машина за уеб печат
Webprintingmachine:roll-fedprintingpressPrintingmachineusingrollpaper.
3. Класифицирани по метод на печат
(1)Плоска печатаща машина
Flat-bedprintingmachine:platenpressTheprintingplatesupportbodyandtheimprintingbodyarebothflatprintingmachines
(2) Кръгла плоска печатаща машина
Roundflatprintingmachine(flat-bedprintingmachine):flat-bedCylinderpressTheprintingplatesupportisflat,andtheimprintingbodyisacylindricalprintingpress.
(3) Спрете ротационната печатаща машина
Stoptherotaryprintingmachine:stop-cylinderpressTheprintingplatecooperatestoreciprocate,whenadvancing,theimpressioncylinderrotatesonecircle,whenreturning,impressingThecylinderstopsrotatingandcompletestheprintingprocessofaprintingpress.
(4) Печатаща машина с една революция
One-revolutionprintingpress:single-revolutionprintingpressEachreciprocatingmovementoftheprintingplatetable,theimpressioncylindermakesonerevolutiontocompleteaprintingprocess.Printingmachine.
(5) Двуоборотна печатаща машина
Two-revolutionprintingpressTheprintingmachinethatcompletesaprintingprocesseverytimetheprintingplatemovesbackandforth.
(6) Възвратно-постъпателна печатаща машина
Reversingprintingpress:reversibleprintingpressAprintingpressthatcompletesaprintingprocesseverytimetheimpressioncylinderrotatesbackandforth.
(7) Ротационна печатна преса
Rotaryprintingpress:Theprintingplatesupportbodyandthetransferbodyarebothcylindrical.WhentheprintingprocessiscompletedAprintingpressthatisfullyrotating.
4.Класификация по цвят на печатно мастило
(1)Монохромна печатаща машина
Monochromeprintingmachine:single-colourprintingpressInaprintingprocess,aprintingpressthatprintsoneinkcolorononesideofthepaper.
(2) Двуцветна печатаща машина
Two-colourprintingpress:two-colourprintingpressAprintingpressthatprintstwoinkcolorsononesideofthepaperduringaprintingprocess.
(3) Многоцветна печатаща машина
Multi-colourprintingpress:multi-colourprintingpressAprintingpressthatprintstwoormoreinkcolorsononesideofthepaperduringaprintingprocess.
(4) Двустранна монохромна печатаща машина
Double-sidedmonochromeprintingmachine:perfectingpressAprintingmachinethatprintsonbothsidesofthepaperduringtheprintingprocess.
(5) Двустранна многоцветна печатаща машина
Double-sidedmulti-colorprintingmachine:multi-colourperfectingpressInaprintingprocess,atleastonesideofthepaperisprintedwithtwoormoreinkcolorsDouble-sidedprintingmachine.
Принцип на работа
1,ScreenprintingmachineПринцип на работа
Takethecommonlyusedhand-shapedflatscreenprintingmachineasanexample,theworkingprincipleofthescreenprintingmachinecanbedescribedasfollows:thepoweristransmittedthroughthetransmissionmechanism,sothatthesqueegeesqueezestheinkandthescreenprintingplateinmotion,sothatThescreenprintingplateandthesubstrateformanimpressionline.BecausethescreenhastensionsN1andN2,itgeneratesaforceF2onthesqueegee,andtheresiliencemakesthescreenprintingplatenotcontactthesubstrateexcepttheimpressionline.UndertheactionofthesqueezeforceF1ofthesqueegee,theinkpassesthroughthemeshandleaksfromthemovingimpressionlineontothesubstrate.
Duringtheprintingprocess,thescreenprintingplateandthesqueegeemoverelativetoeachother,andthesqueezingforceF1andtheresilienceF2alsomovesynchronously.Thesubstrateisoutofcontacttoavoidsmearingtheprint.Thatis,thescreenisconstantlydeformedandreboundedduringtheprintingprocess.
Aftertheone-wayprintingiscompleted,thesqueegeeisseparatedfromthesubstratetogetherwiththescreenprintingplate,andatthesametime,itreturnsinktocompleteaprintingcycle.Thedistancebetweentheuppersurfaceofthesubstrateandthereversesideofthescreenprintingplateaftertheinkisreturnediscalledthesame-pagedistanceorscreendistance,whichshouldgenerallybe2to5mm.Inmanualprinting,thetechniqueandproficiencyoftheoperatordirectlyaffectstheformationoftheimpressionline.Inpractice,screenprintingworkershaveaccumulatedalotofvaluableexperience,whichcanbesummarizedintosixpoints,namely,toensurethestraightness,uniformity,isometric,equalizing,centeringandverticaledgeinthemovementofthesqueegee.Inotherwords,whenprinting,thesqueegeeshouldmoveinastraightlinewithoutshakingfromsidetoside;itcannotbeslowinthefrontandfastintheback,slowinthefrontandslowinthebackorsuddenlyslowandfast;theinclinationangletotheinkboardshouldremainthesame,andspecialattentionshouldbepaidtoovercometheinclinationangleThecommonproblemofincreasinggradually;theprintingpressureshouldbekeptevenandconsistent;thedistancebetweenthesqueegeeandtheinnersidesofthescreenframeshouldbeequal;theinkplateshouldbeperpendiculartotheframe.
2.Принцип на работаofflat-screencurvedscreenprintingmachine
Flat-screencurvedscreenprintingreferstotheuseofflatscreensoncylindricalorconicalsurfaces.Thenetisscreenprinted.Undercertainconditions,itcanalsoscreenprintellipse,drum,arcandothercurvedsurfaces.Thedry-netcurvedscreenprintingmachineisamachinethatusesaflatscreentoprinttheabove-mentionedcurvedsurface.
Theworkingprincipleoftheflatsurfacescreenprintingmachine:a-rollersupportb-shaftmeetingsupportc-inlaidsupport.Duringprinting,theflatscreenprintingplateandthesubstratemove,whilethesqueegeeisstationary.Theflatscreenprintingplateisclampedonthescreenframeandmovedbytheflatscreencurvedscreenprintingmachinetomoveataconstantspeed,andthesubstrateplacedonthesupportingdevicerotatesduetothefrictionofthescreen.Thelinearspeedofthecurvedsubstrateattheimpressionlineisthesameasthemovingspeedoftheflatscreenprintingplatetoachievescrapingprinting.
Theoretically,theembossinglineshouldbeatthehighestgeneratrixofthecurvedsubstratetoincreasetheoff-screenangleandensuretheprintingquality.Inordertofacilitateadjustment,thesqueegeegenerallyadoptsatopangleof60°±15°,anditisrequiredtobeabletoadjusttheverticalityandtheupperandlowerdimensions.Theadjustmenttoverticalistoensurethatthecuttingedgelinedoesnotshifthorizontallywhenadjustingupanddown,andisalwaysalignedwiththehighestbusbarA;thesqueegeewithatopangleof60°±15°isusedtoensurethatthesqueegeeinclinationisformedafterverticalinstallationα.Intheactualadjustment,inordertoensurethattheflatscreenprintingplateisseparatedfromthecurvedsubstrateintime,theimpressionlinecanbeslightlyadvanced,especiallywhenthediameterofthesubstrateislarge,theimpressionlinemustbeoffsetforward.ThesupportdeviceforcurvedprintingisVarioustypesofspecialdevicesaredesignedandmanufacturedbyusersaccordingtoproductrequirements.
Thecurvedsurfaceprintingofcylindricalorconicalcontainerscanusetwopairsofrollerbearings.Thelengthtodiameterratioislessthan1.5forcoverandcupbearingsleeves,softandhollow.Thecontainercanbesupportedbyaninflatabledevice.Theellipseisapproximatelyapartofacylindricalsurface,whichcanbesupportedbyacylindricalinlaymethod.
Theprincipleofprintingonthesurfaceofaconeisbasicallythesameasthatofprintingonthesurfaceofacylinder.Thedifferenceisthegraphicshapeofthescreenprintingplateandthemovementformofthescreenprintingplate.Whenmakingascreenprintingplateforprintingonthesurfaceofacone,firstdrawanexpandedviewoftheconesurface,andfindthecenterofthesectorbasedontheexpandedview,andthenselectanappropriatescreenframetomakethescreenprintingplate.
Ontheplateefghthatcancompletelycontainthefan-shapedabed,makeaprintingplatethatmatchesthefan-shaped.Fixtheright-anglerodontheplateefgh,andinstallitwithoastheaxistoformaplatethatcanberotatedinafanshape.Then,likeprintingonthesurfaceofacylinder,4rollersareusedtosupportthesubstrateundertheplate,thesqueegeeisinafixedshape,andtheplateframeismovedinafanshape,andthesqueegeeispressurizedtoprintonthesurfaceoftheconicalplate.Duringprinting,theconicalbearingisinlinecontactwiththescreenprintingplateunderacertainsqueegeepressure;whenthescreenprintingplatemovesinahorizontalfanshapearoundtheaxisofthefan-shapedunfoldingdrawing,thesubstraterotatessynchronouslyonthesupportingdeviceMovement;theinkissqueezedbythesqueegeeandleakstothesurfaceofthesubstratetocompletetheprinting.
3, Процес на печатна машина:
(1)Workcycleprocedureofflatscreenflatscreenprintingmachine.Taketheflatscreenplatformtypemonochromesemi-automatichand-surfacescreenprintingmachineasanexample.Oneofitsworkingcyclesis:feeding→positioning→settingdown→loweringtotheinkplate,raisingbacktotheinkplate→squeegeestroke→raisingtotheinkPlate→lowertheinkreturnplate→lifttheplate→inkreturnstroke→releasepositioning→receive.
Inthecontinuousloopaction,aslongasthefunctioncanberealized,thetimeoccupiedbyeachactionshouldbeasshortaspossibletoshortenthecycleofeachworkcycleandimproveworkefficiency.
(2)Embossingline.Intheprintingprocess,theinkandthescreenprintingplatearesqueezedtotheinkplate,sothatthescreenprintingplateandthesubstrateformacontactline,whichiscalledtheimpressionline.Thislineisattheedgeofthesqueegee,andcountlessembossinglinesformtheprintingsurface.Realizingtheidealimpressionlineisverydifficult,becausetheprintingstrokeisadynamicprocess.
Предпазни мерки
1.Ensurethattheleaderisresponsibleforsupervisingthesafetyoftheequipmentandcrewoperators.
2.Beforetheoperation,theoperatormustwearuniforms,workhats,andworkshoesneatly,fastentheplacketandcuffs,anddonotputanysundriesinthepockets,anddonotwearwatchesandvariousaccessories.
3.Beforestartingthemachine,addtherequiredlubricatingoil(grease)toeachoilfillingpoint,lubricationpointandoiltankofthemachine.
4.Withoutapproval,non-crewpersonnelarenotallowedtostartandoperatethemachinewithoutauthorization.Assistantsandapprenticesshouldworkundertheguidanceofthepilot.
5.Beforestartingthemachine,checkwhethertherearesundriesinvariouspartsofthefuselage.Youmustfirstgiveasignal(pressthesafetybell),echobackandforth,andmakesurethatthemachineissafebeforeitcanbeturnedon.
6.Beforethemachineisrunning,countbackwardforafewweeks,andthencountforafewweekstoavoiddebrisbetweentherollersanddamagetheblanket,printingplate,etc.
7.Whenthemachineisrunning,itisstrictlyforbiddentotouchthemovingworkingsurfacewithyourhands,repairandwipethemachine,orcrosstherotatingpart,andkeepthemachineprotectiondevicecomplete.
8.Thecrewshouldstrictlyguardtheirpostsaccordingtothedivisionoflabor,alwayspayattentiontotheoperationofeachpartofthemachine,andimmediatelyshutdownthemachineifanyproblemsarefound.
9.Theworksiteshouldbekeptcleanandunobstructed,theground.Thereisnodebrisaroundtheworkbenchandthemachine,andthemaintenancetoolsandsparepartsshouldbeplacedinthespecifiedlocation.
10. По време на работа на никого не е позволено да се смее, да се кара или да вдига шум около машината.
11. В края на работата почистете машината, защитете плочата за печат, избършете одеялото, ролката на цилиндъра за отпечатване, изключете захранването и попълнете работния дневник.
12.Regularmaintenanceandrepairofthemachine,andfillinginthemaintenanceandrepairrecorddatacanextendtheservicelifeofthemachine,improveproductionqualityandsafeproduction.
13. Операцията е забранена от лица извън персонала.
Отстраняване на неизправности
Intheprocessofusingtheprintingmachine,variousproblemsoftenoccur,suchasmechanicaldamageandfrequentelectricalfailures.Somepeoplesaythatthemachineistooold.Althoughtheoldmachineisanobjectivereason,doesthenewmachinenotfail?Insomeprintingfactories,newmachineshavemorefailuresthanoldmachines.Objectivelyspeaking,theusageandfailurerateofthemachineincludethefollowingfactors:themanufacturingqualityofthemachine,installationandcommissioning,maintenance,reasonableoperation,andmostimportantly,thequalityofmaintenance.Thequalityofthemachineobjectivelyexistswhenitleavesthefactory.Whetheritisanewmachineoranoldmachine,installationanddebuggingarethefirsthurdles.
Generally,newmachinesareinstalledanddebuggedwhentheyleavethefactory,afterqualityinspection,andthentransportedinseparatepackaging.Itisnotonlyaproblemoflevelandreasonableinstallation,butalsoaproblemofinspectionandcalibration.Thisshouldbethecaseforoldmachines.Asformaintenanceanduse,Iwon’tsaymuch.Ijustwanttotalkaboutthequalityofmaintenance:
Поддръжкаisnotasimpledisassemblyandassembly.Itisnotonlynecessarytofindthecauseofthefailure,butalsotofindoutthereason.Incidentalotherquestions.
Theprintingmachinehasastricttimecoordinationrelationship,aswellasassemblytolerancesandadjustmentvalues.Busydisassemblyandexcessiveadjustmentarethemainreasonsforacceleratedwearandrecurrenceofthemachine.
Theprocurementandprocessingqualityofpartsandaccessoriesdoesnotnecessarilyrequiretheuseoforiginalpartsforallpartsandelectricalcomponents.Thecostoforiginalpartsishighandtheprocurementcycleislong.Unlessspecialorcriticalparts,mostofotherpartsBothpartsandelectricalcomponentscanbesubstituted,aslongasyouunderstandtheprocessingtechnologyofthepartsandthecharacteristicsofthecomponents.
Inadditiontothenaturaldamageofthemachine,thecircuitfaultismainlythehiddenfaultderivedfromthecarelessdisassemblyandinstallationorthefailuretofindthemachineandhumanfactorsthatcausedthecircuitfault.
Отстраняване на неизправности на течност за мивки
Exploringcommonproblemsofprintingpresssinkfluid—Theconcentrationoftheappropriatesinkfluidisbasedontheconductivityvalue.WhentheconductivityistoohighTheinkwillnotbeeasytodrywhenitistoolow,anditwillbeeasytostainoraccumulateink.Soyoumusttrytofindtheappropriateconductivityvalue.Afterfindingtheconcentrationvalue,multiplythetotaltankvolumebythepercentagetobethefirstaddition.Inaddition,whentheconductivityvaluechangesmorethan±50~100,youneedtomakecorrectionsbeforeyoucancontinuetouseit.Atthesametime,youneedtopayattentiontothetemperatureinthewatertank,becausethetemperaturewillaffectthemeasuredvalueoftheconductivity.
Itisgenerallyrecommendedthattheidealprintingwaterconditionsare:
(1)Качеството на водата трябва да бъде мека вода;
(2) Стойността на проводимостта е 700~1300 (трябва да се приспадне стойността на проводимостта на водата);
(3)PH стойност 4,0~5,5;
(4) Температура на резервоара за вода 5℃~15℃;
(5) Степента на фемулгиране е под 35%;
(6) Пропорцията на алкохол IPA е 5%~15%;
(7) Съотношението на концентрацията на резервоар за вода и течност е 1,5%~2,5%.
Thefollowingaretheactualtestresultsofthecenterintheprintinglaboratory:
Течност за мивки: Magic150
Conductivitymeter:DeltaOHMConductivityMeterModel:HD8706
PHметър:HANNAPHMeterМодел:HI8521
Accordingtotheaboveexample,thetotalwatertankoftheprintingmachineinthecentralprintinglaboratoryis80,000cc*2%=1,600ccwatertankLiquid,theconductivityvalueismaintainedat1,000(1,095-92.5)±100,andthepHvalueisabout5.0.Inaddition,wefoundthatthepHvaluedoesnotchangesignificantlyaftertheconcentrationofthetanksolutionis3%,soitisnoteasytodetectwhethertheamountisappropriate,andsomeEuropeantanksolutionshavemorebuffersadded,andtheirfunctionistomaintainthestabilityofthetanksolution.TheacidityandthereductionofthecorrosionofthelayoutwillcauseproblemswhenusingthepHvaluetomeasuretheconcentrationofthebathsolution.
Поддръжка
Theprintingpressisoneofthemostutilizedequipmentamongallequipmentintheprintingplant.Toensurethenormaloperationoftheprintingpress,dailymaintenanceandmaintenanceareindispensableandverynecessary.Let'sbrieflytalkaboutthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceofthemachinefromthefollowingaspects.
Статично поддържане
Статично поддържанеoftheprintingmachinereferstothemaintenanceofthemachinewhenthemachineisinastaticstate.
1.Establishrulesandregulationsformachinemaintenance.Offsetprintingmachinemaintenanceshouldbebasedonthemachine'sinstructions.Suchasregularoilchange,filtercleaning,regularinspectionofmachineaccuracy,etc.
2.Strengthenthemaintenanceofimportantparts.Gears,cams,sprockets,rollers,andbearingsarethemostimportantpartsoftheprintingpress.Theirmaintenanceshouldbedifferentfromotherparts,becausechangesintheiraccuracywillaffectthefinal.Springsarethemostcommonlyusedpartsforforcebalancingmechanismsonmachines.Theirworkingqualitydirectlydeterminestheaccuracyofthematchingofmovingparts.Thespringsmustbesensitiveandelastic,andtheaeroelasticityandirreversibleplasticdeformationarecriticaltotheworkofthesprings.Extremelyunfavorable.Iftheaboveproblemsarefound,thespringneedstobereplacedimmediately.Thehazardsofsolventresiduesintheprintingprocess
3.Carryouttechnicalreformsandstrengthenmachinemaintenance.Machinemaintenancerequirestheconvenienceofmachinemaintenanceinthedesignofthemachine.However,duetothecomplexityoftheprintingpress,itisobviouslyimpossibletotakeeveryfactorintoaccount,andthecontentofmachinemaintenancewillalsochangeastheenvironmentchanges.Therefore,thosestructuresthatarenotconducivetomachinemaintenanceshouldbeimprovedwithoutaffectingnormalwork.
Динамична поддръжка
Динамична поддръжкаoftheprintingpressreferstothemaintenanceofthemachinewhentheprintingpressisinadynamicstate.Staticmachinemaintenanceistheprerequisiteformachinedynamicmaintenance,andthedynamicoperationofthemachinecaninturndetectthelevelofmachinestaticmaintenance.Thedynamicmaintenanceofthemachineisveryimportant.Themaincontentthatshouldbemaintainedunderthemachinedynamicsisanalyzedfromseveralaspectsbelow.
1.Machinepreparationstatusdetection.Thepreparationstatusofthemachinecanbedetectedbyjogorcranking.Iftoolsandotheritemsarestuckinthemachine;whethertheprintingplateisinstalledproperly,ifitisnotsuitable,itmaydamagetheprintingplateormakeitdifficulttofindtherules;whethertheblanketisinstalledproperly,ifitisnotsuitable,itmaybepossibleCauseprintingfailure,ordamagethemachineinseverecases.
2.Thelubricationstatusofthemachine.Firstofall,youcanobservewhethertheoilcircuitofthemachineisunblockedthroughtheoilstandard.Ifthereisnooilintheoilstandardortheoilstandardisnotclearlyobserved,youshouldstopemergencyandcarefullycheckwhetherthereisoilleakageintheoilcircuit.Althoughtheoilleakageofthemachineiseasytoobserve,itisdifficulttofindthecause.Formachinesusingslidingbearings,lowspeedisnotconducivetoitslubrication,especiallyjogorlow-speedoperationhasagreaterimpactonitslubrication.Therefore,beforecarryingoutsuchoperations,itisbesttorunthemachineidlingandlubricate.Thisisalsoaprimarytaskthatshouldbedonebeforegoingtoworkeveryday.Theoilpumpofsomemachinesisdrivenbythemainengine,sowhenitisreversed,theoilcircuitwillnotonlyfailtorefuel,butwillsucktheoilfromtheoilcircuitbacktothetank.Thisisverydangerous,sothereverseshouldbeavoided.Thelubricationofsomeimportantpartscanalsobedetectedbythetemperatureofthemetalnearby.Ifthetemperatureistoohigh,itindicatesthatthereisaproblemwiththelubrication.Commonfaultsandtroubleshootingmethodsofgravuregoldandsilverinks
3.Impactduringmachineoperation.Thesmallertheimpactduringtheoperationofthemachine,thebetteritisforprinting,anditalsoprolongstheservicelifeofthemachine.Reducingtheprintingpressure(pressureinabroadsense)isanimportantconditiontoensurethesmoothoperationofthemachine.Underthepremiseofensuringthequalityofprinting,thesmallertheprintingpressure,thebetter.Reducingthespeedofthemachineisanotherimportantconditionforreducingthemomentofinertiaofthemachine.Thelowerthespeedofthemachine,thesmallerthemomentofinertia.Therefore,themachineshouldnotalwaysberunningathighspeed.
Theaboveaspectsareonlypartofthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceoftheprintingpress.Thequalityofthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceoftheprintingpressdirectlyaffectstheservicelifeandproductqualityoftheprintingpress,soitcannotbetakenlightly.
Нова концепция за поддръжка
Thedevelopmentoftheprintingindustryhasgraduallychangedfromrelativelysimpleletterpressprintingtothecommonlyusedoffsetprintingandtheincreasinglyrobustdigitalprintingmode.Thebeliefbehindthisdevelopmentmodelisofcoursebasedonmanufacturers’demandsforcontinuousimprovementofproductionefficiencyandenhancementofproductcompetitivenessandqualityinthemarket.
Therefore,printingandotherprocessingmachineryandequipmentofvariouspracticalmanufacturers'productionindicatorsareconstantlyemerginginthemarketatarapidpace,cooperatingwithandexceedingtheexpectationsofmanufacturers.However,whentheseadvancedmachineryaremovingtowardsproductiongoalsdayandnight,manyoperationalrelated"smallproblems"willalsoarise,suchasmaintenance.
Машина за монохромен ситопечат (2 листа)
Whenthemachineisdamaged,themanufacturergenerallythinksthatitiscausedbynormaloperationandwear.However,today'smachineryismadeofhigh-qualityalloysteelandshouldbeabletobeusedforalongtime.Later,afterthemanufacturerspaidhugemaintenancefeesandthepainfullessonsofdelayingproduction,theygraduallybegantodiscovertheimportantroleplayedbythemaintenancematerialteaminmaintainingthenormaloperationoftheprintingmachinery.Amongthemanymaintenancematerials,lubricantsandtheirRelatedchemicalproductsarerelativelyneglected.Probablybecauseofthecorrectselectionofthesematerials,itwillnotcauseimmediatebadeffectsonthefinishedproductsproducedbythemanufacturer.Mechanicalequipmentisoftenusedforalongperiodoftimebeforeitisdiscoveredthatthereisaproblem.1,Supplierswhoprovidemaintenancematerials,makesure:
1.Itsproductscanreducethenumberofmechanicaldamagesandprolongtheservicelifeofthemachinery;
2.Provideamulti-functionaldesignproductline,inadditiontoadaptingtomoremechanicalrequirements,itcanalsoreduceunnecessaryexcessinventoryofcustomers;
3.TeachcustomersAvoidincorrectuseofmaintenancematerials;
4.Letcustomerssimplifypurchasingprocedures,therebystreamliningmanagementproceduresandsavingvaluablehumanresources;
5.MaintainsufficientproductinventoryfrequentlytosaveManufacturerstaketimewhenorderinggoodsandavoidtheriskofdowntimecausedbycasuallyusinggeneral"temporarysubstitutes";
6.Providealong-termandstablenetworkthroughareputablesuppliernetworkSupplychannelstomeettheneedsofcustomersfromallovertheworldforhigh-qualityproductsandservices.
2,Поддръжкаmaterialsforprintingpressesandrelatedequipmentinclude:
1. Смазочно масло - като снежна вълна, масло за верижни зъбци, масло за скоростна кутия под налягане и др.
2. Почистващ препарат—като постчистач, почистващ препарат за ролкови машини, почистващ препарат за маслени тръби и маслени линии и др.
3.Anti-rustagent—usedtopreventrustandlubricatethetableandcutterofthepapercutter.
3,Characteristicsandusesofgrease
В този брой ще въведа "грес" (снежна вълна). Типът грес може да бъде грубо класифициран според нейната твърдост, способност за подаване под налягане, точка на капене, водоустойчивост и стабилност.
3.1 Твърдост
Hardness,orpenetration,isameasurablecharacteristicthatmustbeconsideredwhenselectinganappropriategrease.Thehardnessofthegreaseisdeterminedbythenumber.No.0isthesoftest,andthenincreasestoNo.6alongwithNo.1andNo.2.ThehardnessofNo.6isthesameasthatofsoapbars.Themudinthegardeniseasiertoshovelandharder,andthehardnessofthegreaseisthesame.Itisgradedaccordingtothepenetrationdepthofthegreasedroppedfromacertainheightbytheconegauge.Printingmachinerymustbeaddedwithlubricatinggreaseofappropriatehardnessinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheprintingpressmanufacturer,otherwiseitmaycauseinsufficientlubricationorincreasedresistancetothemachineparts.
3.2 Подаване под налягане
Anotherfeatureofgreaseisthedifficultyofpressuredelivery;inthecentralgreasesupplysystem,twotypesareequallyeasytopressuredeliveryatroomtemperature.Lubricatinggreasesoftenhaveverydifferentpressure-feedingpropertiesinlowertemperatureenvironments.
Thedifferencecomesfromthedifferenttypesandproportionsoflubricatingoilandsoapcontainedinthegrease.Someprintingmachineryandbindingequipmentuseacentralgreasesupplysystemtolubricateeachcomponentofthemachinery.Therefore,itisextremelyimportanttochooseagreasewithexcellentpressurefeedability.
3.3 Точка на капене
Becausethegreasecontainsdifferentsoapbaserelationships,differentgreaseswillmeltatdifferenttemperatures.Thedrippingpointisthetemperatureatwhichthegreasechangesfromsemi-solidtoliquid;mostcalciumsoapgreasemeltsat160-210°F,sodiumsoapgreaseis350-350°F,lithiumsoapgreaseis350-400°F,soathightemperaturesItisbettertousesodiumsoaporlithiumsoap.Nowadays,thespeedofmostprintingmachineryisquitehigh.Becausethebearingspeedinthemotorishigher,thebearingtemperaturealsoincreasesaccordingly.Choosingagreasewithahigherdroppointcanmakehigh-speedmotorbearingssuchas"carbonpumps"."Bearings,etc.havebetterprotection.
3.4Водоустойчивост
Regardlessofwhetheritisincontactwithwaterornot,somegreasesstillneedtoperformtheirlubricatingeffect,soitswaterresistanceisanimportantproperty.Calciumsoapandlithiumsoap-basedgreaseareinsolubleinwater,whilesodiumsoapgreaseissolubleinwater,soitcannotbeusedasalubricantthatmaycomeintocontactwithwater.Theprintingprocessneedstomixwater,sosomebearingsmustbeprotectedbygreasewithgoodwaterresistance,otherwise,theservicelifeofthebearingwillbegreatlyreduced.
3.5 Стабилност
Somegreasescanstillmaintaintheiroriginalhardnessafterbeingaddedtothebearing,whichmeansthatthestabilityisveryhigh;thiskindofgreasecanbeusedinanti-wearbearings.Itwillsoftenafterworkingforaperiodoftime,andwillflowoutofthebearingwithoutagoodseal.Duringtheprintingprocess,thepowdersprayingiscontinuousandhasgreatcoverage.Ifthestabilityofthegreaseusedispoor,itwillcausepollutantstoeasilyenterthebearingsandvariouscomponents,causinggreatdamagetotheprintingmachine.
Traditionally,thedesignandproductionofgreasehasonlyfocusedoncopingwiththeunityproblemfacedbymechanicalequipment.Suchashightemperature,highspeed,highpressureoranti-wear,etc.Sincethen,duetotherequirementsofmachinerymanufacturersandtheintensifiedmarketcompetition,theproductionofgreasegraduallytendstomoveinamulti-functionaldirection.However,ordinarypetroleumproductsalwayshavetheirlimitsinuse,andtheyhavenotbeenabletoeffectivelymeettherapiddevelopmentrequirementsofmodernproductionequipment.Althoughchoosingtherightlubricantisnoteasy,therearealsosomeprofessionallubricantsuppliersinthemarketthatcanprovideprofessionaldataandlong-termafter-salesservicetoreducecustomererrorsinuseandavoidwastingprecioustimeandmoney.Youmaywishtolistentotheopinionsoftheindustry,Ibelieveitwillhelpprotectthegoodperformanceoftheprintingpress.
Перспективи за развитие
1. Състояние на развитие
AccordingtostatisticsfromtheEuropeanFederationofPrintingandPaperProcessingMachineryManufacturersAssociation(EUMAPRINT),duetotheinfluenceoftheworldeconomyAsaresultoftherecession,thesalesofprintingmachineryandequipmentinsevencountriesincludingGermany,France,theUnitedStates,Italy,andSwitzerlanddecreasedby13.08%in2002comparedto2001.Fromtheanalysisofeconomicprosperityindex,among11countriesincludingEurope,America,China,Russia,andJapan,onlyChinaandRussiaareontherise,andtherestareonthedecline.Amongthem,Germany'ssalesin2002wereapproximatelyUS$6.8billion,whichwashigherthanthatin2001.Ayear-on -годишно намаление с 12%; продажбите в САЩ са били приблизително 2,27 милиарда щатски долара, 16% спад от 2001 г.; продажбите в Обединеното кралство през 2002 г. са паднали с 24% от 2001 г. до приблизително 1,064 милиарда щатски долара; продажбите в Италия са намалели с 8%, около 763 милиона щатски долара.
Thetopfivecountriesintermsofannualoutputvalueofprintingmachineryandequipmentin2001were:Germany7.73billionU.S.dollars,Japan3.918billionU.S.dollars,theUnitedStates2.702billionU.S.dollars,Britain1.4billionU.S.dollars,andItaly829millionU.S.dollars..In2001,thetop5countriesforexportingprintingmachineryandequipmentwere:Germany6.325billionU.S .dollars,Japan1.578billionU.S.dollars,theUnitedStates1.246billionU.S.dollars,Italy1.06billionU.S.dollars,andtheUnitedKingdom940millionU.S.dollars.Thetopsixprintingmachineryandequipmentimportsin2001were:US$2.2billionintheUnitedStates,US$1.3billioninChina,US$1.228billioninGermany,US$922millioninItaly , 920 милиона щатски долара в Обединеното кралство и 798 милиона щатски долара в Япония. През 2002 г. пазарът на печатащи машини в Китай беше чудесен. Продажбите на печатащи машини и оборудване се увеличиха с 13,8%, което го прави задължителен за гледане от световните производители на печатащо оборудване и оборудване.