Концепция
ThisistheearliestofficialrecognitionanduseofthewordRMAintheUnitedStates.Theessenceofthenewmilitaryrevolutionistheoveralltransformationofthecurrentmechanizedmilitarysystemestablishedsincetheindustrialagetothefutureinformatizedmilitarysystem,thatis,informatizationonthebasisofmechanization.Thebasiccontentofthechangecanbesummarizedasfour"renovations"andone"transformation."
Четирите "ремонта" са:
1,Innovatemilitarytechnology,promotetheinformatizationofweaponsandequipment;
2,InnovatethesystemandreorganizeThestructureofthearmy;
3,Innovatecombatmethodstogivefullplaytotheadvantagesofinformatizedequipment;
4,Innovatemilitarythinking,planoperationsandarmybuildingwithnewideas
A"transition":throughtheabove-mentionedfouraspectsofinnovation,topromotetheevolutionoftheformofwarfrommechanizedwarfaretoinformationwarfare.
Произход
Fromtheendofthe1980stothebeginningofthe1990s,anewandprofoundrevolutionhasemergedintheworldmilitaryfield,whichiscalledthe"newmilitaryrevolution."In1993,withthehelpoftheClintonadministrationtoproposethe"informationsuperhighway"construction,thePentagonissuedthe"Four-yearDefenseEvaluationReport"forthefirsttime,whichredesignedthefuturetasksoftheUSmilitaryandplannedmilitaryconstruction.Atthesametime,thegeneralsofthePentagonproudlyproposedtoimplementnewmilitaryreformsandcreatenewmilitaryadvantages.Subsequently,theworld'smajorpowersrespondedoneafteranother.Thenewmilitaryrevolutionisdrivenbyinformationtechnology,precisionguidancetechnology,aerospacetechnology,newenergytechnology,biotechnology,andstealthtechnology.Itsessenceistoupdateweaponsandequipment,reformthemilitarysystem,innovatemilitarytheories,andrefreshtheformofwarfare.
Причини за промяната
First,theunderstandingofthedevastatingconsequencesofnuclearweaponsandthecrueltyofwar
Second,thechangesintheworldpoliticalandeconomicstructureandtheactivepromotionoftheUnitedStates
Third,anewroundofworldscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionandarelativelypeacefulandstableinternationalenvironment
Четири, военни заплахи от космоса.
Конотация на промяната
First,informationsuperiorityisthecoreofthenewmilitaryrevolution
Second,innovativemilitarytheoryisthesoulofthenewmilitaryrevolution
Three,intelligentweaponsystemisthepivotofthenewmilitaryrevolution
Fourth,thereformedsystemisthefocusofthenewmilitaryrevolution
Характеристики на промяната
Първо, насърчаването на високотехнологични групи
Второ, продължителността е кратка
Трето, дисбалансът в развитието се засилва
Четвърто, трансформацията на формата на войната
Тенденция на развитие
Първо, интелигентизацията на оръжията и оборудването
Itsimportantsymbolisthatvariousprecisionguidedweapons(PGM,PrecisionGuidedMunition)havegraduallybecometheprotagonistsofthebattlefield..Duringthe14-yearVietnamWar,theprecision-guidedmunitionsusedbytheU.S.militaryonlyaccountedfor0.2%ofthetotalammunitionused.Atthattime,onlysmartbombswithhighhitaccuracy(SmartBomb)wereused.Bythe1991GulfWar,theprecision-guidedmunitionsusedbytheUSmilitaryaccountedfor8%ofthetotalammunitionused.Atthattime,theTomahawkcruisemissilesweremainlyused.Thisproportionroseto35%and60%duringtheKosovoWarin1999andtheAfghanistanWarin2001,respectively.
Второ, установяването на по-рационализирана система
Improvingqualityandreducingquantityhavebecomeacommontrendinmilitaryconstructioninallcountriesintheworldtoday.AccordingtostatisticsfromtheLondonInstituteofInternationalStrategy,thetotalglobalmilitarystrengthin1985was27,946,600.In1999,itdroppedto21,875,900,adecreaseof6.0707million,or22%.Throughmeasuressuchasreducingthenumber,adjustingtheestablishmentsystem,andoptimizingtheserviceandarmsstructure,thesizeofthearmyhasbecomemoreleanandthecombateffectivenesshasgenerallyincreased.
Третата автоматика за командване и контрол
Sincethe1960sand1970s,inordertomakecommandandcontrolreal-timeandefficient,theworld’smajormilitaryforceshavebeguntodevelopC3IThesystem(Command,Control,Communication,Intelligence)usestheinformationobtainedbytheintelligencesystemtocommandtroopsandcontrolweaponsandequipmentthroughthelifelineofcommunication.Afterthe1980s,withthewidespreaduseofcomputers,C3IwasaddedwithComputerandbecameC4I.Afterthe1990s,itwasfurtherdevelopedintotheC4ISRsystem,addingSurveillance(surveillance)andReconnaissance(reconnaissance).Atpresent,thissystemhasbeendevelopedintoC4KISR,adding"Kill"(kill).Thedevelopmentofcommandandcontrolautomationtotoday'slevelisduetothedevelopmentofDataLink.Itisthe"nervecenter"oftheentirecommandautomation.
Четвърто, това е многоизмерното оформяне на бойното пространство
Withthewidespreaduseofscienceandtechnologyinthemilitaryfield,thecombatfieldisgraduallychangingfromthetraditionalland,sea,Theemptythree-dimensionalspaceexpandstothefive-dimensionalspaceofland,sea,air,sky,andelectricity(magnetic).TheGulfWarandtheKosovoWarshowedthatwhoeverhastherighttocontrolinformationcancontroltheinitiativeinthehigh-techbattlefield.Thecontrolofinformationisinseparablefromthepowerofheaven.Accordingtostatistics,theUnitedStatesandothercountriesused33militarysatellitesintheGulfWar,morethan50militarysatellitesintheKosovoWar,andmorethan50militarysatellitesintheAfghanistanWar.
Пето, CombatStyleNetworking
Networkedjointoperationswillbethemaincombatstyleintheinformationage,andtheUSmilitarycallsit"network-centricwarfare.".ThemainstreamviewoftheRussianmilitarybelievesthatfuturewarswillhavethenatureofthree-dimensional,air-groundintegration,combinedsea-land-airsimultaneousoperations,andprecisionstrikes.TheBritishArmyemphasizes"NetworkedCombatCapability"(NEC),thatis,toorganicallyconnectvariousweaponsandsensorplatformsinadigitalcommunicationnetwork,andmakefulluseofintelligence,surveillance,targetcaptureandreconnaissance(ISTAR)atalloperationallevels.)ability.The“networkedclusterwarfare”proposedbyourmilitaryisbasedoninformationtechnology.Thehighlydispersedanddiversifiedforcesformahighlymobilecombatnetworkinamulti-dimensionalspace.Throughflexibleandchangeable“gathering”and“scattering”,dynamicConcentratecombateffectivenessandimplementwide-areamobileoperationswithparallelattacks.
Трансформацията на Китай
Thesizeofthemilitarywillaccelerateitsminiaturization
Inthefutureinformationwarfare,themilitary’scombatcapabilitieswillbecomeexponentialWithgrowth,asmall-scale,highlyintegratedandintelligentarmycanaccomplishthestrategicmissionthatwasonlycompletedbyalargenumberoftroopsinthepast.Itisnolongernecessarytocontinuetohavealarge-scalearmyandalargenumberofcombattroops.
Therefore,thefuturemilitaryorganizationsystemwillhavetwobasicdevelopmenttrendsintermsofquantityandscale:
1,theoverallsizeofthemilitaryWillbegreatlyreduced.Withthecontinuousimprovementofthemilitary'sinformatizationandcombatcapabilities,reducingthesizeofthemilitarywillbeaninevitabletrend.Havingahugestandingarmywillbecomehistory;
2,theorganizationalscaleofcombattroopswillbemorecompactanddexterous.Inthefuture,theorganizationofarmyanddivisionsmayeventuallydieout,brigade,battalionorlower-leveltacticalunitswillbecomethemaincombatorganization,andtheremaybesmallcombatgroupsorganizedaccordingtocombatfunctionsorcapableofbeingbothonlandandatthesametime.Anintegratedsmallconsortiumformulti-dimensionalspaceoperationssuchasseaandair.
Организацията на армията ще бъде силно интегрирана
Theintegrationofthemilitaryorganizationinthefuturewillbemainlymanifestedinbreakingthetraditionalland,sea,andairInaccordancewiththesystemintegrationpointofview,themilitarysystemssuchas,Tianandotherserviceshaveestablished"super-joint"integratedcombatforces.Inthefuture,informatizedwarfareisahighlyintegratedoperation.Theuseoftraditionalmilitaryforcestoconductjointoperationshasbeendifficulttomeettheneedsofsuchhighlyintegratedoperations.
Militarycommandandcombatmeanswillbehighlyintelligent
Inthefutureinformationwarfare,theintelligenceofmilitarycommandandcombatmeanswillbemainlyshowninthefollowingTwoaspects:
1,Commandandcontrolmeansarehighlyautomatedandintelligent;
2,alotofintelligenceTheweaponsystemandplatformwillequipthearmyandputitintocombat.
ThisisamilitaryrevolutionthathasbroughtmajorchallengesandopportunitiestotheChinesemilitary.Chinashouldproceedfromitsnationalconditions,learnfromtheexperienceoftheworld’snewmilitaryreforms,seizetheimportantstrategicopportunityperiodinthefirsttwodecadesofthiscentury,andstrivetocompletemechanizationandinformatizationonthebasisofthecountry’seconomicdevelopmentandscientificandtechnologicalprogress.ThedualhistoricaltaskofachievingtheleapfrogdevelopmentofthemodernizationoftheChinesemilitary.
Въздействие на промяната
First,thenewmilitaryreformhasgreatlyimpactedthetraditionalconceptofwarfare,changedthefaceofmodernwarfare,andpromptedcountriestore-examinethesecurityenvironmentandstrategicstrategiesbasedonobjectiveEnvironmentalandsubjectiveneedsactivelymakestrategicadjustments.Sincethe1990s,theUnitedStateshasmadethreemilitarystrategicadjustmentsinordertomaintainitshegemony:In1992,theBushadministrationfirstproposedthe"regionaldefense"strategy;in1995,theClintonadministrationformulatedthe"flexiblechoiceandparticipation"strategy;In1997,thestrategyof"shaping,respondingandpreparing"wasputforward.Nottobeleftbehind,Russia,Britain,France,Germany,Japanandothercountrieshavemadestrategicadjustmentsinordertoseekafavorablepositionontheinternationalstageandactivelyfollowthetrendoftheworld'snewmilitaryreformanddevelopment.Somedevelopingcountrieshavealsomadenecessarystrategicadjustmentsbasedontheconsiderationofsafeguardingtheirownsecurity.Itisforeseeablethatwiththein-depthdevelopmentofthenewmilitaryrevolution,allcountrieswillmakenewstrategicadjustmentsandpromotethenewintegrationoftheinternationalstrategiclandscape.
Second,thenewmilitaryreformmayaggravatetheimbalanceinthebalanceofstrategicforces,makingtheexistinggapbetweencountriesnotonlydifficulttonarrow,butmayexpand.Itmayinduceanewroundofarmsrace,andevenleadtoanewandlarger"eragap"inthemilitarysystemsofdevelopedanddevelopingcountries,especiallyweaponsandequipment,therebyposingnewthreatstoworldpeace,developmentandsecurity.
Thethirdisthatthenewmilitaryreformnotonlysignificantlyincreasesthestatusandroleofmilitarymeans,butalsostimulatestheriseofneo-interventionismandbringsnewthreatstoworldpeaceandregionalsecurity.Thenewmilitaryreformprovideslow-risk,high-performance,anddiversifiedpossibleoptionsforusingmilitarymeanstoachievepoliticalgoals.Forexample,amissilecarries228precision-guidedanti-tankbullets,anditsabilitytoattackenemytanksisequivalenttothatofa1,000-tonnuclearbomb.Atpresent,hightechnologyhassignificantlyenhancedthecontrollabilityofwarfareandhasfurtherexpandedtheuseofmilitarymeans.Accordingtostatistics,thenumberoflocalwarsandarmedconflictsthatoccurredduringtheColdWarwas4timesayear,whiletheaveragenumberoflocalwarsandarmedconflictsaftertheColdWarwas10timesayear.WesterndevelopedcountriesheadedbytheUnitedStatesbelievethathavingabsolutemilitarysuperiorityisaprerequisitefordealingwithinternationalcrises.Since1990,theUnitedStateshassenttroopstoforeigncountries60times,accountingformorethanhalfofthetotalnumberoftroopssenttoforeigncountriesafterWorldWarII.
Fourth,thedifficultyofstrategicchoicesfordevelopingcountrieshasfurtherincreased.Thenewmilitaryreformsalsohaveacertainroleinpromotingthenationaldefenseconstructionofdevelopingcountries.Forexample,itcanabsorbandusetheachievementsofworldmilitaryscienceandtechnologytopromotethedevelopmentofnationaldefensescienceandtechnology;itcanlearnfromtheexperienceofmilitaryreformsindevelopedcountriestoavoiddetoursinitsownmilitaryreforms.However,thestrongmomentumofworldmilitarydevelopmentisadouble-edgedsword,anddevelopingcountriesfaceadilemmaintheirstrategicchoices:iftheydonotfollowthetrendoftheworld.Activelypromotethecountry’smilitaryreformandvigorouslyimproveitsnationaldefensecapabilities.Thegapwiththemilitaryofdevelopedcountrieswillbecomelargerandlarger,andnationalsecuritywillnotbeguaranteed;ifthemainforceisusedformilitarydevelopment,itwillaffectthecountry’seconomicconstruction.Fundamentallyweakenthecountry'scomprehensivecompetitiveness.Facingthechallengesofthenewmilitaryrevolutionintheworld,wheredevelopingcountriesshouldgoandhowtomakedecisionsisaveryimportantandverycomplexstrategicproblem.
Теоретични понятия
1.AsymmetricWarfare (Русия);
2.NetworkCentricWarfare (САЩ);
3, Бързо доминиране (САЩ);
4,Операции, базирани на ефекти (САЩ);
5, ParallelWarfare (САЩ);
6, LittoralWarfare (САЩ);
7, NetworkedSwarmingWarfare (китайски);
8, Доминиране на пълен спектър (САЩ);
9, Rapid DecisiveOperations (САЩ).