Основна информация
Ядро (магнитен пръстен)
[pronunciation]cixin[Interpretation]Aspecialterminelectricalengineering,refersto:Inordertoincreasethemagneticinductionintensityoftheelectromagnet,amagneticmaterial(magneticcore)issetinthemagneticcircuitoftheinductorcoil.
[Source]Electricalengineering,electronics.
[Example]Thesiliconsteelsheet(magneticcore)inthepowertransformercoilisusedtoincreasethemagneticfluxdensityofthemagneticcircuitoftheelectromagneticcoil(Magneticflux)reducecopperlosstoincreaseelectromagneticinductionintensityandimprovevoltageconversionefficiency.
Въведение в магнитните сърцевини
TheAmericanphysicistWangAnputforwardtheideaofusingmagneticmaterialstomakememoriesin1950.Forrestturnedthisideaintoreality.Inordertoachievemagneticcorestorage,Forrestneedsasubstance,whichshouldhaveaveryclearmagnetizationthreshold.HefoundanoldGermanceramicexpertinacompanythatproducesferriteconvertersfortelevisionsinNewJersey,andobtainedspecificmagneticpropertiesbymeltingironoreandoxides.
Aclearthresholdformagnetizationisthekeytodesign.Thegridandcoreofthiskindofwirearewovenonthewirenet,anditiscalledcorestorage.Itsrelatedpatentsareverycrucialtothedevelopmentofcomputers.Thissolutionisreliableandstable.Magnetizationisrelativelypermanent,sothestoreddatawillstillberetainedafterthesystem'spoweristurnedoff.Sincethemagneticfieldcanbereadatthespeedofelectrons,thismakesinteractivecomputingpossible.Furthermore,becauseitisawiregrid,anypartofthestoragearraycanbeaccessed,thatistosay,differentdatacanbestoredindifferentlocationsonthewirenetwork,andreadingabunchofbitsatthelocationcanbeaccessedimmediately.ThisiscalledRandomAccessMemory(RAM),whichisaninnovativeconceptofinteractivecomputing.ForrestertransferredthesepatentstotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andthecollegereceivesbetween15millionand20millionU.S.dollarseachyearonthesepatents.
ThefirsttoobtainthesepatentlicenseswasIBM,andIBMfinallywonacommercialcontractfortheinstallationoftheTornadoonthedefensemilitarybaseinNorthAmerica.Moreimportantly,sincethe1950s,alllargeandmedium-sizedcomputershavealsoadoptedthissystem.Magneticcorestoragehasbeenthestandardmethodofcomputermainmemoryfromthe1950sand1960suntiltheearly1970s.
Използване на магнитно ядро
Themagneticringthatweusuallyseeatoneorbothendsofthepowerlineorsignallineofelectronicequipmentisacommonmodechoke.Thecommonmodechokecoilcanformalargeimpedancetothecommonmodeinterferencecurrent,buthasnoeffectonthedifferentialmodesignal(theworkingsignalisadifferentialmodesignal),soitissimpletousewithoutconsideringthesignaldistortion.Andthecommonmodechokedoesnotneedtobegroundedandcanbedirectlyaddedtothecable.SelectionofthenumberofturnsofthemagneticringPasstheentirebundleofcablesthroughaferritemagneticringtoformacommonmodechokecoil.Ifnecessary,thecablecanalsobewoundseveralturnsonthemagneticring.Themorethenumberofturns,thebetterthesuppressioneffectonlowerfrequencyinterference,andtheweakerthesuppressioneffectonhigherfrequencynoise.Inactualengineering,thenumberofturnsofthemagneticringshouldbeadjustedaccordingtothefrequencycharacteristicsoftheinterferencecurrent.Usuallywhenthefrequencybandoftheinterferencesignalisrelativelywide,twomagneticringscanbeputonthecable,andeachmagneticringhasadifferentnumberofturns,sothathigh-frequencyinterferenceandlow-frequencyinterferencecanbesuppressedatthesametime.Fromthepointofviewofthemechanismofthecommonmodechokecoil,thelargertheimpedance,themoreobvioustheinterferencesuppressioneffect.TheimpedanceofthecommonmodechokecoilcomesfromthecommonmodeinductanceLcm=jwLcm.Itisnotdifficulttoseefromtheformulathatforacertainfrequencyofnoise,thelargertheinductanceofthemagneticring,thebetter.Buttheactualsituationisnotthecase,becausethereisaparasiticcapacitanceontheactualmagneticring,anditswayofexistenceisinparallelwiththeinductance.Whenencounteringhigh-frequencyinterferencesignals,thecapacitivereactanceofthecapacitorissmall,whichshort-circuitstheinductanceofthemagneticring,therebymakingthecommonmodechokecoiluseless.Accordingtothefrequencycharacteristicsoftheinterferencesignal,nickel-zincferriteormanganese-zincferritecanbeselected.Thehighfrequencycharacteristicsoftheformerarebetterthanthelatter.Thepermeabilityofmanganese-zincferriteisinthethousands---tensofthousands,whilethepermeabilityofnickel-zincferriteisinthehundreds---thousands.Thehigherthepermeabilityofferrite,thegreatertheimpedanceatlowfrequenciesandthesmallertheimpedanceathighfrequencies.Therefore,whensuppressinghigh-frequencyinterference,nickel-zincferriteshouldbeused;otherwise,manganese-zincferriteshouldbeused.Orputmanganese-zincandnickel-zincferriteonthesamecableatthesametime,sothattheinterferencefrequencybandthatcanbesuppressediswider.Thegreaterthedifferencebetweentheinnerandouterdiametersofthemagneticringandthegreaterthelongitudinalheight,thegreatertheimpedance,buttheinnerdiameterofthemagneticringmustbetightlywrappedaroundthecabletoavoidmagneticleakage.Theinstallationpositionofthemagneticringshouldbeascloseaspossibletothesourceofinterference,thatis,closetotheentranceandexitofthecable.
Принципи на запалване
1Thelongerthemagneticring,thebetter.2Thetightertheholediameterandthecablepassingthrougharecombined,thebetter.
3Whenthelow-frequencyendisdisturbed,itisrecommendedtowindthecablewith2to3turns.Whenthehigh-frequencyendisdisturbed,itshouldnotbeturnedaround(becauseofthedistributedcapacitance).Usealongermagneticring.
Структура
①Ламиниран лист, обикновено щанцован от силиконова стомана или никелстоманен лист в E, I, F, O и други форми и подреден в желязна сърцевина.
②Thering-shapedironcoreismadeofO-shapedsheets,oritcanbewoundfromlongandnarrowsiliconsteelandalloysteelstrips.
③C-shapedironcore,thiskindofironcorecanavoidtheshortcomingsofring-shapedironcorewindingdifficulty,andisformedbybuttingtwoC-shapedironcores.
④Thepot-shapedironcoreisastructurethathasthemagneticcoreoutsideandthecoppercoilinside,whicheliminatestheinconvenienceoftoroidalcoilsandcanreduceEMI.Thedisadvantageisthattheinternalcoilhaspoorheatdissipationandhightemperaturerise.
TDK
TDKmagneticcore описание на продукта
PC40EF20-Zmagneticcore240501
PC40EER42/42/15-ZmagneticCore16230
PC40EE16-Zmagneticcore299930
PC40EER42/42/20-Zmagneticcore13335
PC40EE19/27/5-ZmagneticCore93300
PC44PQ26/20Z-12core26880
PC40EF25-Zcore81497
PC40EI33/29/13-Zcore20848
PC44PQ32/30Z-12core10533
PC40EE55/55/21-Zcore3708
Q1CDR1.6X1.7D29ядро908000
PC40EER28L-Zcore23071
PC44PQ50/50Z-12core510.5
PC40EE19/16-Zcore100430
PC44PQ40/40Z-12 ядра 1182
PC40EI28-Zcore18656
Въведение в RMcore
В допълнение към ядрото, има много други форми, предлагащи ядра. Популярен тип е ядрото RM(RectangularModule,square).
Becausetheyaresquareorrectangular,theyhaveahigherPCBareautilizationefficiencythanroundmagneticcores.MultipleRMcorescanbephysicallyplacedclosertogether.AlthoughtheclosedmagneticcircuitprovidedbytheRMcoreislessthanthatofthepot-shapedcore,andthereismoremagneticleakagebetweenthecores,themagneticperformanceoftheRMcoreissimilartothatofthepot-shapedcore.
Отклонение
Thedeflectioncoreisusedtocontrolthedeflectionoftheelectronbeam.Theseelectromagnetsareusuallyinstalledontheoutside,neartheneckwhereitisconnectedtothebucket,andconsistofaseriesofwindingsthataremoldedtomatchtheshapeoftheglasskinescope.Thecomponentattachedtothebucketasadeflectoriscalledadeflectioncore.
Войната
ThecorewarwasborninBellLabsaround1959.Itistheproductofthreeyoungpeopleintheirsparetime.TheyareMaiYaolai,VysowskiandMorris.Amongthem,MorrisisthefatherofRotMorriswholatercreatedthe"MorrisWorm".Atthattime,allthreewereintheirtwenties.
Thegameplayofthecorewaristhatbothsidesofthegamewriteasetofprogramsandinputthemintothesamecomputer.Thetwosetsofprogramschaseeachotheroutinthecomputer'sstoragesystem.Becausetheyallruninthestoragecoreofthecomputer,theygotthenameofthecorewar.Thefeatureofthisgameisthataftertheprogramsofbothpartiesenterthecomputer,theplayercanonlywatchthebattlestatusdisplayedonthescreen,andcannotmakeanychangesuntiltheprogramofonepartyiscompletely"eaten"bytheprogramoftheotherparty.Therefore,thecorewarcanonlyberegardedasatoyforprogrammers.Becausetheprogramsusedingamesareverydestructive,foralongtime,peoplewhoknowhowtoplay"corewars"havestrictlyadheredtoanunwrittenrule:nottodisclosethecontentoftheseprogramstothepublic.However,in1983,thisrulewasbroken.CohenThompsongaveaspeechattheawardceremonyofanoutstandingcomputerawardwinnerthatyear.Henotonlypubliclyconfirmedtheexistenceofcomputerviruses,butalsotoldalltheaudiencehowtowritetheirownvirusprograms.Allhiscolleagueswereterrified,butthesecrethadalreadyspread.In1984,thesituationbecamemorecomplicated.Thisyear,thecolumnistoftheMonthly"ScientificAmerican"wrotethefirstarticlediscussingcorewarsintheMayissue,andaslongastwodollarsaresent,anyreadercanreceiveanoutlineonhowtowriteaprogram.Openupthebattlefieldinthehomecomputer.Inthisway,Pandora'sBoxwasopened,andmanyprogrammersunderstoodtheprincipleofthevirus,andthenbegantotrytocompilethisspecialprogramthatisconcealed,offensiveandcontagious.Nowadays,computerviruseshavebecomethebiggestplagueinthecomputerworld.Theauthorsofthecorewarneverthought:theirtoyswouldcausesuchabigtroubletotheworld.
Powertransformercoreperformancerequirementsandmaterialclassification
Inordertomeettherequirementsofswitchingpowersuppliestoimproveefficiencyandreducesizeandweight,ahighmagneticfluxdensity,highfrequencyandlowlossarerequiredTransformercore.Althoughthereiscompetitionwithhigh-performanceamorphoussoftmagneticalloys,softferritematerialsarestillthebestchoicefromtheperspectiveofperformance-priceratio;especiallyinthehigh-frequencyrangefrom100kHzto1MHz,newlow-losshigh-frequencypowerFerritematerialshavetheiruniqueadvantages.Inordertomaximizetheuseofmagneticcores,forsoftferritematerialsunderhigh-poweroperatingconditions,theyshouldhavethefollowingmostimportantmagneticpropertiesinthehigh-temperatureoperatingrange(suchas80-100°C):
1.Highsaturationmagneticfluxdensityorhighamplitudepermeability.Inthisway,thetransformercoreallowsalargemagneticfluxdeviationatthespecifiedfrequency,whichcanreducethenumberofturns;thisisalsoconducivetothehigh-frequencyapplicationofferrite,becausethecut-offfrequencyisproportionaltothesaturationmagneticfluxdensity.
2.Thereislowtotalcorelossintheoperatingfrequencyrange.Undergiventemperatureriseconditions,lowcorelosswillallowhighpassingpower.
TheadditionalrequirementsincludehighCuriepoint,highresistivity,andgoodmechanicalstrength.
Thenewlyreleasedindustrystandardof"КласификацияofSoftFerriteMaterials"(equivalenttoIEC61332:1995)dividespowerferritematerialsforhighmagneticfluxdensityapplicationsintofivecategories,asshowninTable1.Inadditiontorequirementsforamplitudepermeabilityandpowerloss,eachtypeofferritematerialalsoproposesa"performancefactor"parameter(thisparameterwillbefurtherdescribedbelow).FromPW1toPW5category,theapplicableoperatingfrequencyisgraduallyincreased.Forexample,PW1material,theapplicablefrequencyis15-100kHz,mainlyusedinflybacktransformercore;PW2material,theapplicablefrequencyis25-200kHz,mainlyusedinswitchingpowersupplyTransformercore;PW3material,applicablefrequencyis100～300kHz;PW4materialissuitableforfrequency300kHz～1MHz;PW5materialissuitableforfrequencyof1～3MHz,domesticproductionisequivalenttoPW1～PW3material,PW4materialcanonlybeproducedinsmallquantities,PW5materialhasyettobedeveloped.
Класификация
Ядро от силиконов стоманен лист
Siliconsteelsheetisanalloyformedbyaddingasmallamountofsilicon(generallylessthan4.5%)topureironTheiron-siliconalloyiscalledsiliconsteel.Thistypeofironcorehasthehighestsaturationmagneticinductionvalueof20000Gs;becauseoftheirgoodmagnetoelectricproperties,easymassproduction,lowprice,andsmallmechanicalstress,theyarewidelyusedinthepowerelectronicsindustry.Suchaspowertransformers,distributiontransformers,currenttransformersandotherironcores.Itisthematerialwiththelargestoutputandusageamongsoftmagneticmaterials.Itisalsothematerialwiththelargestamountofmagneticmaterialsusedinpowertransformers.Especiallysuitableforlowfrequencyandhighpower.Commonlyusedarecold-rolledsiliconsteelsheetDG3,cold-rollednon-orientedelectricalsteelstripDW,cold-rolledorientedelectricalsteelstripDQ,suitableformediumandsmallpowerlow-frequencytransformers,chokes,andreactorsinvariouselectronicsystemsandhouseholdappliances,Inductorcore,thiskindofalloyhasgoodtoughnessandcanbeprocessedbypunching,cutting,etc.Thecorehaslaminatedandwindingtypes.However,thelossincreasessharplyathighfrequencies,andthegeneralusefrequencydoesnotexceed400Hz.Fromanapplicationpointofview,thechoiceofsiliconsteelshouldconsidertwofactors:magnetismandcost.Forsmallmotors,reactorsandrelays,pureironorlow-siliconsteelsheetscanbeselected;forlargemotors,high-siliconhot-rolledsiliconsteelsheets,single-orientedornon-orientedcold-rolledsiliconsteelsheetscanbeselected;fortransformers,single-orientedcold-rolledsiliconsteelsheetsareoftenselectedpiece.Whenusedunderpowerfrequency,thethicknessofthecommonlyusedstripis0.2~0.35mm;whenusedunder400Hz,thethicknessof0.1mmisusuallyselected.Thethinnerthethickness,thehighertheprice.
Пермалой
Пермалойoftenreferstoiron-nickelalloyswithanickelcontentintherangeof30~90%.Itisaverywidelyusedsoftmagneticalloy.Throughappropriatetechnology,magneticpropertiescanbeeffectivelycontrolled,suchasinitialpermeabilityexceeding105,maximumpermeabilityexceeding106,coercivityaslowas2‰Oersted,rectangularcoefficientcloseto1orcloseto0,Пермалойwithaface-centeredcubiccrystalstructurehasgoodplasticityandcanbeprocessedinto1μmultra-thinribbonsandvariousformsofuse.Commonlyusedalloysare1J50,1J79,1J85andsoon.Thesaturationmagneticinductionof1J50isslightlylowerthanthatofsiliconsteel,butitsmagneticpermeabilityisdozensoftimeshigherthanthatofsiliconsteel,anditsironlossisalso2to3timeslowerthanthatofsiliconsteel.Itismadeintoatransformerwithahigherfrequency(400~8000Hz),andtheno-loadcurrentissmall.Itissuitableformakingsmallhigh-frequencytransformersbelow100W.1J79hasgoodcomprehensiveperformanceandissuitableforhighfrequencyandlowvoltagetransformers,leakageprotectionswitchcores,commonmodeinductancecoresandcurrenttransformercores.Theinitialpermeabilityof1J85canreachmorethan100,000105,whichissuitableforlow-frequencyorhigh-frequencyinputandoutputtransformers,commonmodeinductorsandhigh-precisioncurrenttransformerswithweaksignals.
Аморфни и нанокристални сплави
(Аморфни и нанокристални сплави)
Siliconsteelandpermalloysoftmagneticmaterialsareallcrystallinematerials.Arrangeregularlyinthree-dimensionalspacetoformaperiodiclatticestructure,withdefectssuchascrystalgrains,grainboundaries,dislocations,interstitialatoms,andmagnetocrystallineanisotropy,whicharedetrimentaltosoftmagneticproperties.Fromtheperspectiveofmagneticphysics,theirregulararrangementofatoms,theabsenceofperiodicityandtheamorphousstructureofgrainboundariesareidealforobtainingexcellentsoftmagneticproperties.Amorphousmetalsandalloysareanewmaterialfieldthatcameoutinthe1970s.Itspreparationtechnologyiscompletelydifferentfromthetraditionalmethod,butadoptsthesuperrapidsolidificationtechnologywithacoolingrateofabout1milliondegreespersecond.Fromthemoltensteeltothefinishedstrip,itisformedatonetime,whichisbetterthanthegeneralcold-rolledmetalstripmanufacturingprocess.Manyintermediateprocessesarereduced,andthisnewprocessiscalledarevolutiontotraditionalmetallurgicalprocesses.Duetothesuper-rapidsolidification,theatomscannotbeorderedandcrystallizedwhenthealloyissolidified.Theobtainedsolidalloyhasalong-rangedisorderedstructurewithoutthecrystalgrainsandgrainboundariesofthecrystallinealloy.Itiscalledanamorphousalloyandiscalledametallurgicalmaterial.Arevolutioninlearning.Thisamorphousalloyhasmanyuniqueproperties,suchasexcellentmagneticproperties,corrosionresistance,wearresistance,highstrength,hardnessandtoughness,highelectricalresistivityandelectromechanicalcouplingproperties.Becauseofitsexcellentperformanceandsimpleprocess,ithasbecomethefocusofresearchanddevelopmentinmaterialsscienceathomeandabroadsincethe1980s.TheUnitedStates,Japan,andGermanyalreadyhavecompleteproductionscales,andalargenumberofamorphousalloyproductshavegraduallyreplacedsiliconsteel,permalloyandferriteintothemarket.
mycountryhasstartedtheresearchanddevelopmentofamorphousalloyssincethe1970s.Afterthecompletionofmajorscientificandtechnologicalresearchprojectsduringthe"SixthFive-YearPlan","SeventhFive-YearPlan"and"EighthFive-YearPlan"period,atotalofscientificresearchhasbeenobtained.Thereare134achievements,2nationalinventionawards,16patents,andnearly100alloyvarieties.TheCentralIronandSteelResearchInstitutecurrentlyhasfouramorphousalloystripproductionlinesandoneamorphousalloycomponentironcoreproductionline.Productionofvariousshapediron-based,iron-nickel-based,cobalt-basedandnanocrystallinestripsandironcores,suitableforironcorecomponentsofinverterpowersupplies,switchingpowersupplies,powertransformers,leakageprotectors,andinductors,withanannualoutputvalueofnearly2000Tenthousandyuan.Duringthe"NinthFive-YearPlan",athousand-toniron-basedamorphousproductionlineisbeingestablished,whichhasenteredtheranksoftheinternationaladvancedlevel.
Thebestindividualperformancelevelachievedbytheamorphoussoftmagneticalloyis:
Начална пропускливост μo=14×104
Максималната аморфна пропускливост на базата на кобалт μm=220×104
Ко-базирана аморфна коерцитивност Hc=0.001Oe
Съотношение на аморфна квадратност на съвместна основа Br/Bs=0,995
Cobalt-basedamorphoussaturationmagnetization4πMs=18300Gs
Аморфно съпротивление на базата на желязоρ=270μΩ/cm
Thetypesofcommonlyusedamorphousalloysare:iron-based,iron-nickelBase,cobalt-basedamorphousalloysandiron-basednanocrystallinealloys.Thenationalgradesandperformancecharacteristicsareshowninthetableandfigure.Fortheconvenienceofcomparison,thecorrespondingperformancesofcrystallinealloysiliconsteelsheet,permalloy1J79andferritearealsolisted.Thesetypesofmaterialshavedifferentcharacteristicsandareusedindifferentaspects.
Основен състав и характеристики на степени
1K101Fe-Si-Bсерия бързо закалена мека магнитна сплав
1K102Fe-Si-BC серия бързо закалена сплав на основата на мек магнит
1K103Fe-Si-B-Ni-базирана бързо закалена сплав на мека магнитна основа
1K104Fe-Si-B-NiMo базирана на бързо закалена сплав на основата на мек магнит
1K105Fe-Si-B-Cr (и други елементи) серия бързо закалена мека магнитна основна сплав
1K106highfrequencyandlowlossFe-Si-Bseriesfastquenchedsoftmagnetbasealloy
p>1K107Fe-Nb-Cu-Si-Bсерия с висока честота и ниски загуби бързо закалена нанокристална сплав на базата на мек магнит
1K201 Висока импулсна пропускливост, бързо охлаждаща се мека магнитна сплав на основата на кобалт
p>1K202highremanenceratio,fastquenchingsoftmagneticcobalt-basedalloy
1K203highmagneticinduction,lowloss,fastquenchingsoftmagneticcobalt-basedalloy
1K204 висока честота, ниски загуби, бързо закалена мека магнитна сплав на основата на кобалт
1K205highinitialpermeabilityandfast-quenchedsoftmagneticcobalt-basedalloy
1K206quenchedhigh-permeabilitysoftmagneticcobalt-basedalloy
1K501Fe-Ni-PBсерия бързо закалена мека магнитна сплав на базата на никел
1K502Fe-Ni-V-Si-Bсерия бързо закалена мека магнитна сплав на базата на никел
400Hz: Силиконова стоманена сърцевина, аморфна желязна сърцевина
Мощност (W) 4545
Coreloss(W)2.41.3
Вълнуваща мощност (VA) 6.11.3
Общо тегло (g) 295276
(1)Аморфни сплави на основата на Fe (аморфни сплави на основата на Fe)
Itiscomposedof80%Feand20%Si,Btypemetalelements.Ithashighsaturationmagneticinductionintensity(1.54T).Comparedwiththelossofiron-basedamorphousalloyandsiliconsteel,themagneticpermeability,excitationcurrentandironlossaresuperiorinallaspectsDuetothecharacteristicsofsiliconsteelsheet,especiallylowironloss(1/3-1/5oforientedsiliconsteelsheet),itcansaveenergyby60-70%insteadofsiliconsteelasadistributiontransformer.Thethicknessoftheiron-basedamorphousalloystripisabout0.03mm,whichiswidelyusedindistributiontransformers,high-powerswitchingpowersupplies,pulsetransformers,magneticamplifiers,intermediatefrequencytransformersandinvertercores,suitableforuseatfrequenciesbelow10kHz
2, аморфна сплав на базата на Fe-Ni (аморфна сплав на основа на Fe-Ni)
Fe-Nibased-amorphousalloyiscomposedof40%Ni,40%Feand20%Composedofmetalelements,ithasmediumsaturationmagneticinductionintensity[0.8T],highinitialpermeabilityandhighmaximumpermeability,aswellashighmechanicalstrengthandexcellenttoughness.Ithaslowironlossatmediumandlowfrequencies.Theheattreatmentinairwillnotoxidize,andagoodrectangularloopcanbeobtainedaftermagneticfieldannealing.Thepriceis30-50%cheaperthan1J79.Theapplicationrangeofiron-nickel-basedamorphousalloycorrespondstothatofmedium-nickelpermalloy,butitsironlossandhighmechanicalstrengtharefarsuperiortocrystallinealloys;insteadof1J79,itiswidelyusedinleakageswitches,precisioncurrenttransformercores,andmagneticShieldandsoon.Theiron-nickel-basedamorphousalloyistheearliestdevelopedinChinaandthemostwidelyusedamongthedomesticamorphousalloys.Theannualoutputisabout200tons.Theiron-nickel-basedamorphousalloy(1K503)isinventedbythecountrywhenheattreatmentintheairdoesnotoccur.PatentsandU.S.patentrights.
3. Нанокристална сплав на основата на желязо (нанокристална сплав)
Iron-basednanocrystallinealloyismainlycomposedofironelement,andasmallamountofNb,Cu,Si,andBelementsareadded.Akindofamorphousmaterialformedbytherapidsolidificationprocessofthealloy.Afterheattreatment,theamorphousmaterialcanobtainmicrocrystalswithadiameterof10-20nm,whicharedispersedontheamorphousmatrixandarecalledMicrocrystalline,nanocrystallinematerialornanocrystallinematerial.Nanocrystallinematerialshaveexcellentcomprehensivemagneticproperties:highsaturationmagneticinduction(1.2T),highinitialpermeability(8×104),lowHc(0.32A/M),lowhigh-frequencylossunderhighmagneticinduction(P0.5T/20kHz=30W/kg),theresistivityis80μΩ/cm,whichishigherthanthatofПермалой(50-60μΩ/cm).Afterlongitudinalortransversemagneticfieldtreatment,highBr(0.9)orlowBrvalue(1000Gs)canbeobtained.).Itisthematerialwiththebestcomprehensiveperformanceinthecurrentmarket;applicablefrequencyrange:50Hz-100kHz,bestfrequencyrange:20kHz-50kHz.Widelyusedinhigh-powerswitchingpowersupplies,inverterpowersupplies,magneticamplifiers,high-frequencytransformers,high-frequencyconverters,high-frequencychokecores,currenttransformercores,leakageprotectionswitches,andcommon-modeinductorcores.
Comparisonofthecharacteristicsofcommonlyusedsoftmagneticcores
1.Comparisonofthecharacteristicsofmagneticpowdercoresandferrites:MPPcores:useampereturns<200,50Hz~1kHz,μe:125~500;1~10kHz;μe:125~200;>100kHz:μe:10~125
HFcore:useampereturns<500,canbeusedinlargerOnthepowersupply,itisnoteasytobesaturatedunderalargemagneticfield,whichcanensuretheminimumDCdriftoftheinductance,μe:20~125
Ironpowdercore:useampere-turns>800,canbeusedinhighmagnetizationThefieldisnotsaturated,whichcanensurethestabilityofACandDCsuperpositionwiththebestinductancevalue.Thefrequencycharacteristicisstablewithin200kHz;butthehighfrequencylossislarge,suitableforusebelow10kHz.
FeSiAlFmagneticcore:insteadofironpowdercore,theusefrequencycanbegreaterthan8kHz.TheDCbiascapabilityisbetweenMPPandHF.
Ферит: ниска магнитна плътност на насищане (5000Gs), минимална DC отклонение3. Сравнение на характеристиките на силиконова стомана, пермалой и аморфна сплав:
SiliconsteelandFeSiAlmaterialsIthashighsaturationmagneticinductionvalueBs,butitseffectivepermeabilityvalueislow,especiallyinthehighfrequencyrange;
Пермалойhashighinitialpermeability,lowcoercivityandloss,magneticItcanbestable,buttheBsisnothighenough.Whenthefrequencyisgreaterthan20kHz,thelossandeffectivepermeabilityarenotideal,thepriceismoreexpensive,andtheprocessingandheattreatmentarecomplicated.Cobalt-basedamorphousalloyshavehighpermeability,LowHc,lowlossinawidefrequencyrange,closetozerosaturationmagnetostrictioncoefficient,insensitivetostress,butlowBsvalueandexpensive;
Iron-basedamorphousalloyshavehighTheBsvalueandpricearenothigh,buttheeffectivepermeabilityvalueislow.
ThemagneticpermeabilityandHcvalueofthenanocrystallinealloyareclosetocrystallinehighpermalloyandcobalt-basedamorphous,andthesaturationmagneticinductionBsisequivalenttothatofmediumnickelpermalloy.TheheattreatmentprocessissimpleanditisakindofIdeallow-costhigh-performancesoftmagneticmaterial;althoughtheBsvalueofnanocrystallinealloysislowerthanthatofiron-basedamorphousandsiliconsteel,itshigh-frequencylossunderhighmagneticinductionismuchlowerthanthem,andithasbettercorrosionresistanceandMagneticstability.Comparedwithferrite,nanocrystallinealloyhas2to3timeshigherworkingmagneticinductiononthebasisoflowerlosswhenitislowerthan50kHz,andthemagneticcorevolumecanbemorethandoubled.
Метод
Намалете загубата на индуктор
Everyoneknowsthatinductorcoreisusedinmanyelectronicproducts.Oneoftheproducts,suchasmobilephones,MP3,MP4,computers,converters,transformersandLEDTVdisplays,etc.Andeveryoneshouldalsoknowthatelectronicproductsproduceacertainamountoflossduringuse,andinductorcoresarenoexception.However,ifthelossoftheinductorcoreistoolarge,itwillleadtoareductionintheservicelifeoftheinductorcore,andinseverecases,itwillalsoaffectthenormaloperationoftheproductusingtheinductorcore.Sohowshouldwereducethelossoftheinductorcore?
Причина за загубата на ядрото на индуктора:
ThelossofthechipinductorcoremainlycomesfromthecorelossandcoillossTwoaspects,andthesizeofthelossinthesetwoaspectsneedstobejudgedaccordingtoitsdifferentcircuitmodes.Amongthem,thecorelossismainlycausedbythealternatingmagneticfieldinthecorematerial.Thelossitgeneratesisafunctionoftheoperatingfrequencyandthetotalmagneticfluxswing(ΔB),whichwillgreatlyreducetheeffectiveconductionloss.Coillossistheenergylosscausedbythechangeofmagneticenergy.Itwillreducethestrengthofthemagneticfieldwhenthepowerinductorcurrentdrops.
Методи за намаляване на загубата на сърцевина на индуктор:
1.Thecorelossgeneratedintheinductorcorewilldecreasewiththeincreaseoftheinductorcoreloss.TheallowablecopperwirelossisalsoWillbringthesameinductancemagneticcorematerialfluxsurge.Therefore,whentheswitchingfrequencyrisesabove500kHz,theinductorcorelossandwindingAClosscangreatlyreducetheallowableDCcurrentintheinductor.
2.Thelossoftheinductorcoreinthecoilismainlymanifestedinthelossofthecopperwire.Therefore,ifyouwanttoreducethelossofthecopperwire,youmustreducethelossoftheinductorcorewhenthelossoftheinductorcoreincreases.equal.Thebestcaseisthatthelossesremainstableandequalathighfrequenciesandallowthemaximumoutputcurrenttobeobtainedfromthemagneticstructure.