Понятия за думи
Основна информация
Заглавие: Хотел
Пинин: lǚguǎn
Фонетичен:ㄌㄩˇㄍㄨㄢˇ
Английски: Хотел
Обяснение на цитата
Hotel,alsoreferredtoas"hotel".Inancienttimes,itreferstoahousewheretravelerscanstay.Modernandmodernrefersspecificallytocommercialaccommodationfortourists.
The SouthernDynasties и стихотворението "YouNantingPavilion" на SongXieLingyun: "Дълга дисфункция, хотелът гледа към предградията."
TangIntheQingDynasty, стихотворението на TangYanqian "RedLeaves": "Нощният вятър създава хотела, а студът е близо до стаята на монаха."
В династията Цин, SunZhiwei, стихотворение "Новогодишен празник на Хангуан": "Портата Yeheicheng" затворена, хотелът свети.
Първият акт на "Изгрев" на CaoYu: "Това е чайната на хотела, която идва в - Wang Fusheng."
BaJin's "CapriceRecord·Talk": "Когато отидем на брега, каретата, използвана от хотела, за да качи гости, се интересува от хотел на SiMa Road."
Основно значение
Преглед
Sincethe19thcentury,thefacilitiesofhotelsinsomecountrieshavebeenquitecomplete.AftertheSecondWorldWar,duetotheincreasinglydevelopedtransportation,morefrequentinternationalexchanges,andtherapiddevelopmentoftourism,moreandmorehotelswerebuiltallovertheworld.Somelarge-scalehotelnetworksownedbymultinationalgroupshavespreadallovertheworld’smajorcitiesandtouristattractions.
Hotelsarecharacterizedby"safety,economy,andhealth".Hotelsarepricedbasedonbeds,andgenerallyonebedischargedlocally.Thepriceofbuyingafastfoodisaboutone-tenthofthepriceofathree-starhotel.Theindoorequipmentissimple,withhighandlowbeds,hardmattressesandbedding,personallockerswithlocks,anduseofcollectivebathroomsandtoilets.Thehardwarerequirementsaresturdy,beautiful,practical,convenient,clean,andself-service-oriented,equippedwithwashingmachines,cafeterias,etc ., както и стаи за отдих, зали за обществени дейности и т.н., както и различни културни и спортни дейности могат да бъдат организирани според техните собствени характеристики.
Anotherfeatureofhotelsistheirwidedistributionandlargenumbers.
Историческо развитие
Хотелът има дълга история в Китай.
Accordingtohistoricalrecords,asearlyasintheShangDynasty,therewasa"poststation",whichwasaplacewhereofficialspasseddocumentsandlivedforguests.AtthebeginningoftheWesternZhouDynasty,inordertofacilitatetheprincestopaytributeandpilgrimage,theguesthouseswereextensivelybuiltontheroadtothecapital.Theofficialalso".Guestsreceivedifferentreceptionsaccordingtotheirtitles.Thisisactuallyakindof"officiallyrun"hotel.
DuringtheSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesPeriod,duetotheprosperityofcommerceandthedevelopmentoftransportation,"civil"hotelsgraduallyroseup.Thesehotelswereoriginallycalled"inns"or"inns",regardlessofboardandlodging,mainlyforbusinessmen.
По време на династията Западна Хана обхватът на хотелите беше разширен. Чан'ан, столицата на династията Западна Хана, беше осеяна със зали и къщи. Имаше непублични „селски резиденции“ на бивши търговци от целия свят и „варварски резиденции“ за чуждестранни гости.
Accordingtothe"BookofOldTang·TheBookofEmperorTaizong":AfterEmperorTaizongascendedthethrone,thesystemofpilgrimageforlandlordofficialswasrestored.Inordertofacilitatetheaccommodationofofficials,heorderedtheconstructionof"morethan300residences".Atthattime,landandwaterpostroadscrisscrossed,andtherewasapostevery30miles.Thereare1,639poststationsacrossthecountry,withthecapitalChang’anasthecenterpostroad,extendinginalldirections.
Later,another"ToweringKhanRoad"wasbuiltinethnicminorityareas,and68poststationswereaddedalongthewaytoprovidemealsandlodgingforthemessengers.Ienviedtheappearanceofaspecialcertificateforpostsmadeofsilvermedals.Atthattime,accordingtothenationalityorethnicityoftheguests,nationalhotelsweresetup,andtheDiankeOfficeunderHonghuTemplewasresponsibleforthereceptionanddelivery.
IntheYuanDynasty,hotelshavebecomeoneofthemostprosperousindustries,andevenroyalhotelshaveappeared.
DuringtheMingandQingDynasties,"post"wascalled"Huitongguan"inBeijing.IntheearlyyearsofGuangxu,Beijinghadatotalof367guildhalls.After1927,touristhotelsspecializinginreceivingforeigntouristsappearedinbigcitiessuchasShanghaiandBeijing.Atthesametime,alargenumberofpeoplewithwarmandthoughtfulservicealsoappeared.
In1909,aGermanteachernamedRichardSchmanledagroupofstudentsonahikingtrip.Inheavyrain,theycouldonlyusestrawasabedinaruralschool.Spentadifficultnight.Theteacherwhostayedupallnighthastheideaofestablishingahoteltoprovideaccommodationforyoungpeople.
RichardSchermanadvocatesthatyoungpeoplegooutofschoolandgetclosetonature.Hesaid:"Allboysandgirlsshouldgooutofschool,takepartinhiking,stayinyouthhotels."Helobbiedaroundwiththisidea,andwasfinallyacceptedbythepeople.
In1912,theworld’sfirstyouthhostelwasborninanabandonedcastleinGermany.Theequipmentissimple,withloftbeds,hardmattressesandbeddings,personallockerswithlocks,smalltablesandchairs,publicbathroomsandtoilets,andsomealsohavecafeteriasandpublicactivityrooms.Ithasbeenwidelywelcomedbyyoungpeople.Onlyoneyearlater,therewere83youthhostelswithatotalof21,000beds.By1997,theInternationalYouthHostelFederationhad65membercountriesaroundtheworld,with4,500youthhotels,32.82millionbedsand3.5millioninternationalmembers.Today,youthhostelshavebecometheworld’slargestaccommodationchainorganization,andthereare10millionyoungtouristsintheworldusingyouthhostels.
In1961,theUNESCOapprovedthebluetriangleinternationalroadsigncomposedoffirtreesandhousesspecificallytodesignatethewaytotheyouthhotel.Theoriginalimportedyouthhotelmembershipcard(HIcard)isabitshabbycomparedtothespecificationsweimagined.It'sjustahardpaperthesizeofabusinesscard,anditdoesn'tevenhaveaplasticfilmlikeanordinarycertificate.AndthisreflectsIYHF'senvironmentalprotectionconcept,aslongasthethingsthatarechangedeveryyearareguaranteednottobedamagedeveryyear.
"Therealyouthhotelguestswalkorridebicycles,cooktheirownmeals,giveuplargeandcomfortablehotels,andchoosesmallandsimpleyouthhotels.Thisisaromanticidealisticviewoftourism.Atthistime,youabsolutelyneedtodoeverythingyourself."
Cookingyourself:Everyyouthhotelhasalargekitchen,variouspots,bowls,ladles,pots,knives,Useforksandspoonsfreely,andthefaucetprovidesbothcoldwaterandhotwater.Thekitchenissurroundedbyvariousstovesandseverallarge-capacityrefrigeratorsforbackpackers.Youcanputthebread,milk,steak,meatandvariousvegetables,drinks,condiments,etc.youboughtinthesupermarket.Inordertopreventthefoodfrombeingtakenbymistakeorthefoodbeingleftforalongtimeaftertheguestsleave,youthhotelsgenerallyrequiregueststoputtheirownfoodinplasticbags,andputanoteinit,indicatingtheirname,roomnumberandthedateofpurchaseofthefood.Andcleantherefrigeratoronceaweek.Anoperatingplatforminthemiddleofthekitchencanbeusedbymultiplepeopleatthesametime.Inaddition,inacertainplaceinthekitchen,therearealsovariouscondimentsprovidedbyyouthhostelsforguestsfreeofcharge.Evenflourisalsoprovidedfreeofcharge.Ifyouarelucky,sometimestherewillbeafreesupplyofvegetables.
Doyourownlaundry:Everyyouthhotelhasalaundryroom,andthewashingmachineanddryerinthelaundryroomcanbeusedcasually.Whenwashingclothes,justthrowinaone-yuancoin.
Ownsheets:Mostbackpackerstravelwiththeirsleepingbagsontheirbacks,orbringtheirownsheets.Ifnot,youcanrentbedsheetsandblanketsprovidedbythehotel.
Findyourownway:Therearebluesignsontheroadtoguideyoualltheway.Someyouthhotelsareunmanaged.Whenevertheycome,theypickupabedandgotosleep,andgotothenearbypostofficetopaythemoneybeforeleavingthenextday.
China’sfirstinternationalyouthhostelwasbuiltinOctober1998anditslocationisGuangzhou.Injusttwoyears,19internationalyouthhostelshavebeenestablishedacrossChina.Thisisstillrelativelysmallcomparedtothe4,500intheworld,butourdevelopmentisfast.Someexpertsbelievethatwiththefurtherformationofyouthhostelnetworking,Withtheadditionofnewtouristgroupssuchasfamilytravelandseniortravel,Chinawillbecomethecountrywiththemostyouthhotels.
Състав
Thehoteliscomposedofaresidentialpart,apublicactivitypart,amanagementpartandaзахранваща част.Somelargehotelshaveseparatefoodandbeveragesections.
Има жилищна част
Includingguestrooms,toilets,bathroomsandservicefacilities,itisthemainbodyofthehotel.Thenumberofroomsandthenumberofbedsisthebasicunitofmeasurementinahotel.Thestandardoftheguestroomincludesthenetareaofeachroom,thenumberofbedsandthestandardofsanitaryequipment(bathroom,toilet).Thelowerstandardsaremulti-bedrooms(generallynotmorethan4beds)andsharedtoiletsandbathrooms;thehigherstandardsaremainly2beds,equippedwithadedicatedbathroomandtoilet;thehigherstandardsaresingle-bedroomswithalivingroombesidesthebedroom,Restaurantsandothersuites.
Обществена дейност част
Пространството и съоръженията за обществени дейности за пътниците, като антре, антре, салон, приемна, магазин, заседателна зала, бюра за обслужване, пощенски офиси, банки, туристически агенции, културно-развлекателни и спортни съоръжения, ресторанти, барове, зали за танци и др. Храната е важна част от хотелите, а някои средни и малки хотели не предлагат храна.
Управленска част
Themanagementpartincludesbusiness,financialandadministrativeoffices,telephoneswitchboardsandvariouswelfareroomsforemployees,variouswarehouses,andlaundryrooms,Cargarage(dividedintohotelmanagementgarageandguestparkinggarage,thelatterisgenerallynotincludedinthehotelbuildingarea.
захранваща част
powerThepartincludespowerequipmentanditscontrolroom.
Тип
Въведение
Hoteltypescanbedividedintofamilyhotels,holidayhotels,conferencehotels,motelsandguesthousesEtc..
Семейна категория
Thefamilyhotelisbasedontheoriginalresidence.Inordertoimprovethescaleandgradeofthefamilyhotel,thefamilyhoteladoptsthemanagementof"company+farmer"Inthisway,thecompanywasregisteredandestablishedundertheleadershipofthecommunitylaborunion,andtheregulationsandstar-levelmanagementstandardsforfamilyhotelswereformulatedinaccordancewiththemodernenterprisesystem.Onthebasisofthestar-ratedfamilyhotels,thestandardsofcivilizedandhonestfamilyhotelswereformulated.Safety,priceandserviceareregulated,andunifiedmanagement,unifiedstandards,andunifiedidentificationareimplemented.Forexample,SanyaYejingzhuFamilyHotel,SanyaSummerStyleBoutiqueApartment,GulangyuTimeSeaInn,etc.,undertheImpressionSeaHotelManagementCompany,arein-houseIntermsofhardwareconstruction,itisrequiredtodoagoodjobininfrastructurefacilitiesandfinedecoration,toimproveenvironmentalsanitation,hardening,greeningandlighting,basicallytobeevergreeninallseasons,andthereareflowersinthreeseasons,creatingagoodtourismenvironment.
Familyhotelsmainlyservetouristsonholidaysorweekends,andmostofthemarebuiltinseasideandscenicareas.Thistypeofhotelhassimplerfacilities,fewerserviceitems,andstrongseasonality.
Meetingsh3>
Speciallyusedformeetings,therearelargeandsmallmeetingrooms,andsomearealsoequippedwithsimultaneousinterpretationandaudiovisualfacilitiesrequiredforinternationalmeetings.Conferencehotelsshouldhavefacilitiesthatmeettheneedsofmeetings,suchasexhibitions,Newsreports,audioandvideorecording,copyingandotherfacilities.
Автомобили
Mostofthemarebuiltnearthemainhighwaysfortheaccommodationofpassengersdrivingtheircars.Themainfacilitiesareguestroomsandrestaurants.Theguestroomsareequippedwithaplacetoparkcars.Mostofthelocationsareclosetotheguestrooms.Guestsintheroomscanseetheircars.Therestaurantsprovidemealsforresidentsandalsoserveguestswhodonotstay.Thistypeofhotelismorepopularincountrieswithdevelopedroadtraffic.Many.
Къщи за гости
Generally,theyarenon-profit,notopentotheoutsideworld,andaremostlyusedbyacertainorganizationforreception.Thenationaltaxationislessthanthatofordinaryhotels,thechargesarelower,andthestandardsareaverage.
Категория "Креативен".
¤GiraffeManor
Onasunnymorning,whenyousleepy-eyedsittingatthetableWhileenjoyingdeliciouscroissantsandfreshorangejuice,agiraffe’snecksuddenlycametoyouthroughthewindow.Itwouldbeshockedtosharetheorangejuicewithyou,butthisisnotafairytale.It’safamilyinKenya."GiraffeHotel",thissceneItcanhappen.
AtthefootofMountKilimanjaroinKenya,thereisahotelcalled"GiraffeManor".Atotalof8Rothschildgiraffesliveonthe57hectaresofthemanor.Thesebigguysare5metersawayandweighuptotwotons.Thisgiraffeisarareanimalandwasonceonthebrinkofextinction.
The"GiraffeManor"wasfoundedtohousetheseendangeredgiraffes.Byallowingtouriststofeedthem,itcanalsomakemorepeopleawareoftheimportanceoflivinginharmonywithnatureandprotectingwildanimals.
Therearenotmanyroomsin"GiraffeManor",butitcanprovidetouristswithafullrangeoffood,lodgingandtransportationservices.Ofcourse,thepricehereiscomparabletoafive-starhotel.
¤Хотел затвор
Thereisa"prisonhotel"inthecharmingcityofLucerneinSwitzerland.Thisisahotelconvertedfromaprison.Builtin1860,aftertwoexpansions,itwasconvertedintoahotelin1998andopenedforbusiness.
The"prisonhotel"hasmaintaineditsoriginallayoutinmanyplaces.Thedooroftheroomfollowsthestyleofaprisondoor:thethickwoodendoorhasasmallwoodenwindowforvisiting,butithasnowbeensealed.Iopenedthedoorandfoundtwosmalltallwindowsequippedwithironfences.Atnight,moonlightpenetratedthroughthesmallwindowsandsprinkledonthefloor.Itwasquietandcold,anditreallyfeltlikeanauthenticprison!
Цената на този хотел е доста ниска, само 50 швейцарски франка (325 юана) могат да останат в "затвор" за една нощ. Когато отидете в Швейцария, може да изпитате какво е да си затвор в чужда страна.
¤CraneHotel
Thereisaunique"CraneHotel"intheworldneartheDutchtownofHarlingen,whichislocatedonthecoastoftheWaddenSea.Itwasconvertedfromaharbourcrane.Thehigh-altitudecabofthecraneistheonly"guestroom"ofthehotel.
Enteringthe"guestroom"isabittroublesome.Youneedtotakeanelevatorfromthegroundtothemid-airplatform,andthentransfertoanotherelevatortoreachtheroom.The"guestroom"hasadoublebed,twochairs,anopenkitchen,andabathroomwithashower.Thesound,lightingandsoundeffectsintheroomcanallbeoperatedthroughatouchscreen.
Thebiggesthighlightofthishotelisthatyoucanmanipulatethecontrollerbyhandtorotateacraneweighingdozensoftonsby360degrees.It’sapitythatthecrane’scabhaslimitedspace.Therefore,thishotelcanonlyaccommodatetwovisitorsatthesametime.Thepriceis319eurospernight,whichisreallyexpensive,butaccordingtovisitorswhohavestayed,the"CraneHotel"isdefinitelyworthatry..
Местоположение
Thelocationofthehotelmainlyconsiderstheenvironmentandtraffic.
Заобикаляща среда
Hotelslocatedincitiesshouldbeabletofacilitatetravelerstounderstandtheessenceofthecity,thecharacteristicsoftheregion,andtheuseofthecity’spublicfacilities.Touristhotelslocatedinscenicspotsshouldbeconvenientfortouriststowatchandvisit,butshouldpayattentiontoenvironmentalprotectionandmakethescenicspotsbetter.Inordertoavoiddamagingthelandscapeofthescenicarea,thesiteismainlylocatedoutsidethescenery.
Транспорт
Thelocationofthehotelshouldconsiderconvenienttransportation,anditshouldnotbetoofarawayfromthestation,terminalandairport.Thehotelisadistributioncenterforalargenumberofvehiclesandpeople,andtherearealargenumberofgoodsenteringandexiting,andalargenumberofvehiclesareparked.Thesesituationsshouldbeproperlyconsideredwhenselectingalocationtoavoidcongestioninthecity.Hotelsconsumealotofwater,electricity,fuel,foodanddailynecessities,sotheyshouldbepurchasedandsuppliedlocallyasmuchaspossible.
Точки за проектиране
Thehotelservespassengersandmustmakethemfeelcomfortable,convenientandsafe.Fromenteringthegate,goingthroughtheformalities,passingthroughtheaisles,elevatorstothelivingroom,aswellasrest,dining,etc.,thetransportationroutemustbesimpleandsmooth.Thedesignrequirescarefulconsiderationandcarefulconsiderationofallthedetailsthatareconvenientforpassengers.Forexample,makeiteasyfortravelerstofindinformationdesks,checkoutoffices,bars,restaurants,andelevators.Inordertocreateacomfortableandbeautifulindoorandoutdoorenvironment,theindoortemperatureandhumidity,ventilation,artificiallighting,naturallighting,furnitureandfurnishings,architecturaldecorationandcolormustbecoordinated.Therefore,thebasicprincipleofhoteldesignistosolvetheproblemsoftourists'activityneedsandtheconvenienceofprovidingservices.
Дизайн на стая за гости
Theguestroomisthemainbodyofthehotel.Theprincipleofguestroomdesignistobequiet,comfortable,safe,completewithfacilities,andconducivetocleanlinessandhygiene.Thescaleandstyleofthefurnitureshouldbecoordinatedwiththesizeandshapeoftheguestroom.Thesizeoftheguestroomdependsonthehotellevelandfurnishingstandards.Accordingtothebedsetting,itisdividedintosingle-bedrooms,twin-bedrooms,suiterooms,superiorsuiterooms,etc.Themostcommonlyusedistwin-bedrooms.Mostmotelshavetwodouble-bedroomsineachunitforthewholefamilytotravelforthreeorfourpeople.Thesizeoftheguestroomisrelatedtothesizeofthebed.Thenetlivingareaoftheguestroom(excludingthebathroomandpassage)isgenerallyabout20squaremeters,whichcanbeincreasedordecreasedaccordingtotheactualsituation.Thedesignofthebathroomshouldbeconsideredforeaseofcleaningandmaintenance.Thecorridorsofguestroomsshouldbeeasilyaccessibletostairsandelevators,andsafeevacuationdirectionsandexitsshouldbespecifiedinaccordancewithregulations.
Ресторант дизайн
Inordertomeetthedifferenttastesoftravelersfromallovertheworld,largehotelshavesetupavarietyofrestaurants,mainlyinsmallandmedium-sizedrestaurants,payattentiontodiningenvironment.Therestaurantshouldnotbetoofarawayfromtheguestroom,anditisbestnottowalkthroughthefoyerwhengoingfromtheguestroomtotherestaurant.Thelocationofthekitchenshouldbecloselyconnectedtothediningroom,butitshouldbemoreconcealed.Thekitchendesignshouldbehygienic.Thediningroomshouldbeseparatedfromthediningroomtopreventsmellandnoisefrompenetratingintothediningroom.Theneedsofpassengerseatingintheguestroomshouldbeconsidered.ThesupplyrouteshouldnotbeShouldbeincontactwithguests.Beveragesareanimportantsourceofincomeforhoteloperations,anditismoreconvenientfortouriststosetupbarsinascatteredwaythaninacentralizedway.
Перално помещение
Largehotelshavealargeamountoflaundry,andthelaundryroomsaregenerallysetupseparately.Theconvenienceofcontactshouldbeconsidered,anditcanbelocatedinthebasement.
Дизайн на гараж
Theconstructionrequirementsofthegarageareproposedbythemunicipalmanagementdepartment.Inadditiontothecarsusedinthehotel’sbusiness,thegarageshouldalsoprovideparkingspacesforpassengersorfortaxis.Tobuildnewhotelsinoldcitiesthatlackcargarages,someparkingspacescanbeallocatedforrentinthegaragetoincreaseincome.
Дизайн на паркинг за велосипеди
Alargehoteloftenhasthousandsofservicepersonnel.Atpresent,manyChinesehotelstaffandvisitorsusebicyclesfortransportation.tool.Therefore,largeandmedium-sizedhotelsmustdesignbicyclestorageshedsorleaveenoughparkingspacesintheoveralllayout.
Проектиране на силово и механично съоръжение
Modernhotelsneedtoprovideaperfectman-madeenvironment.Tothisend,itmusthaveahugepowerandmechanicalfacilities,aswellascontrolsystems,includingwatersupply,drainage,powertransmission,transformation,airconditioning,heating,telephoneexchanges,varioustypesoftelevisions,fireprevention,anti-theftautomaticmonitoringsystemsandcomputer-controlledgroupcontrolElevatorandsoon.Thesefacilitiesmustbecarefullyarranged.
Тенденция на развитие
Theinternationaltrendofhotelconstructionistodeveloptowardshigh-rise,large-scale,high-standard,complex(ieshops,hotels,offices,apartments,etc.),andstrivetoIncreasetheprofitablepartofpublicactivities.Intermsoffacilities,wevigorouslyuseadvancedscienceandtechnologytocreateidealindoorandoutdoorenvironmentstoimprovemanagement.Forexample:useair-conditioningequipment,tightenclosurestructures,equipmenttopreventorreducenoiseinterference(includingsoundabsorption,soundinsulation,andmufflerdevices)tokeeptheroomquiet,freshair,andsuitabletemperature;usethegroupprogramtocontroltheelevatorfastPickupanddropoffpassengers;usemultifunctionalandefficienttelephonesandteletypewriterstokeepinclosecontactwithallovertheworld;installasmallsafeatthegeneralservicedesktostorevaluablesforpassengers;useelectronictechnologytomanageguestrooms(includingreservations,reception,checkout,etc.)Business)inordertoimproveworkefficiencyandroomutilization;usetelemetrymonitorstopreventthefttoensurepassengersafety;setupfiresensorstoalarmintimeandautomaticallyextinguishfiresintheeventofafire.