Hanshu - techintroduce

Кратко въведение в историческите книги

"Hanshu"createdthe"Baojugeneration"historystyle."HanShu"includestwelvechaptersinthe"Benji",eightchaptersinthetable,tenchaptersinthe"Джи",andseventychaptersinthe"Биография",withatotalofonehundredchapters.Thedescendantsaredividedinto120volumes.ItshistorybeganinthefirstyearofEmperorLiuBangoftheHanDynastyandendedinthefourthyearofEmperorWangMangdi."HanShu"isahistoryofdynasties."BookofHan"changed"Benji"of"HistoricalRecords „като „Джи“, „Биография“ като „Биография“ и „Книга“ променена на „Жи“, премахна „Аристократично семейство“ и Законът за семейството на династията Хан Сюнчен беше включен в биографията.. Тези промени бяха последвани от някои други исторически книги.

HanshuAtlas (3 снимки)

Theerarecordedinthe"Hanshu"overlapswiththe"Shiji".ThehistoryoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynastybeforethemiddleperiodofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,Bothbookshavedescriptions.Inthispart,"HanShu"oftenuses"HistoricalRecords".However,duetodifferencesintheauthor'sideologicalrealmanddifferentmaterialselectionstandards,therearealsoeasyadditions,deletions,andchangeswhentransferring."HanShu"newlyadded"CriminalLawHistory","FiveElementsHistory","GeographyHistory","ArtandLiteratureHistory"."CriminalLawHistory"systematicallydescribedtheevolutionofthelegalsystemandsomespecificlawsandregulationsforthefirsttime."Geography"recordstheadministrativedivisions,historicalevolutionandhouseholdregistrationfiguresofthecountyatthattime,andtherecordsoflocalproperties,economicdevelopment,andfolkcustomsaremoreeye-catching."Yiwenzhi"textualizestheoriginsofvariousacademicschoolsandrecordsthesurvivingbooks.Itistheearliestsurvivingbookcataloginmycountry."Shihuozhi"evolvedfromthe"levelingbook",butthecontentisricher.Ithastwovolumes.Thefirstvolumetalksabout"food",thatis,theeconomicsituationofagriculture;thesecondvolumetalksabout"goods",thatis,thesituationofcommerceandcurrency,whichisaspecialeconomicchapteratthattime.

Intheeighttablesof"HanShu",thereisan"AncientandModernPeople'sTable".FromTaihaoEmperorДжиtoWuGuang,thereis"ancient"butno"modern",whichhasarousedridiculefromfuturegenerations.Latergenerationshighlypraisedthe"ListofBaiguanGongqing"in"HanShu".ThistablefirstdescribestheestablishmentofQinandHansub-offices,thepowersofvariousofficialpositionsandthenumberofsalaries,andthenitisdividedintofourteenandthirty.Abrieftableoffourofficialranks,recordingthepromotionandexemptionofministersintheHanDynasty.Itdoesnothavemuchspace,butitclearlyshowsusthebureaucracyandchangesinthebureaucracyatthattime.Thisconcentrationreflectsthedifferencesofthoughtbetweenthetwo.Theso-called"sage"isConfucius.SimaQian'sincompleteuseofConfucianismasacriterionforjudgingrightfromwrongisworthyofrecognition.ButBanGu'sknowledgeisnotasgoodasSimaQian's.ThischangefromSimaQiantoBanGureflectsthatConfucianismasafeudalorthodoxthoughtintheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynastyhasestablishedafirmfootholdinthefieldofhistory."HanShu"likestouseancientcharactersandwords,whichismoredifficulttoread.

За автора

BanGu(32-92AD),thesonofBanBiao,thehistorianoftheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty,thebrotherofBanChao,whosenameisMengДжиan,wasborninAnling,Fufeng(TodayXianyang,Shaanxi).BornintheeighthyearofEmperorGuangwuoftheEasternHanDynastyintheHanDynasty,hediedinthefouryearsoftheEasternHanDynastyandEmperorYongyuanattheageofsixty-one.BanGuwassmartsincehewasachild.“Nine-year-oldcanbelongtoliteraryworksandrecitepoetryandfu”,andhehasreadmanybooksasanadult.Heistheauthorof"BaihuTongde"insixvolumes,"HanShu "в 120 тома и" Джи "в 17 тома.

След смъртта на БанГу „Осемте таблици“ и „Астрономическите записи“ в „ХанШу“ все още не са били завършени, така че Хан и императорът Лиу Джао нареждат на сестрата на Бан Гу Бан Джато да състави „Осемте таблици“, а Ма продължава да пише „Астрономия“.

BanZhao(about45AD-about117AD),alsoknownasДжи,ZiHuiban,wasborninFufengAnling(nownortheastofXianyang,Shaanxi),ahistorianandwriterofHanDynastyandEasternHanDynasty,Confucianeverybody.ThedaughterofthehistorianBanBiaoandthesisterofBanGu,shemarriedCaoShishufromthesamecountyattheageoffourteen.

MaXu,thewordДжиze,theyearofbirthanddeathisunknown,anativeofFufengMaoling(nownortheastofXingping,Shaanxi),thegrandnephewofGeneralFuboMaYuan,willbetheseventhsonofmasterMaYan,afamousclassicscholarTheyoungerbrotherofMaRong,ageneralintheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty.

Процесът на писане на книгата

Фонът на сътворението

Since"HistoricalRecords"wasonlywrittenintheearlyyearsofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,manypeoplewrotesequelsforitatthattime.Accordingtothe"ShiTongZhengYi"record,therearemorethanadozenpeoplewhohavewrittenthesequelto"HistoricalRecords",includingLiuXiang,LiuXin,FengShang,andYangXiong.Thetitleofthebookisstillcalled"HistoricalRecords."BanGu'sfather,BanBiao(AD3-AD54),wasverydissatisfiedwiththesesequels,sohe"takestheoldthingsandreadsfromthem"as "Исторически записи" и "прави шейсет и пет" HouChuan". След смъртта на Бан Биао, Бан Гу, който беше само на 22 години, започна да подрежда ръкописите на баща си, решен да наследи бизнеса на този баща и да завърши този шедьовър на наследството.

Процес на формиране

Inthefirstfewyearsofwork,someonewrotetoEmperorMingEmperorofHanMingandreportedthatBanGuwas"privatelywritingahistoryofthecountry."BanGuwasarrestedandimprisoned,andallmanuscriptswereconfiscated.Hisyoungerbrother,BanChao,wrotetoEmperorHanMingandexplainedthatthepurposeofBanGuxiu's"HanShu"wastopraiseHanandsothatfuturegenerationscouldunderstandhistoryandlearnlessonsfromit,withoutslanderingtheimperialcourt.Later,BanGuwasacquittedandEmperorHanMinggavetheBanfamilysomemoneytohelpthemwriteitdown.

TheEmperorofHanMingappreciatedBanGu'stalents,andwascalledLantaiLingshi.Atthattime,LantaiLingshiFuyiwashiscolleague.Bothofthemwerewell-knownfortheirliterature.BanGuandhisyoungerbrotherBanchaosaid:"WuZhongcanbelongtoliterature,andforLantaiLingshi,hecan'trestonhisownwhenhewrites."Allusions.BanGuwasalsoorderedtocompletethebookwrittenbyhisfather.

InthefirstyearofEmperorYongyuanoftheHanDynasty(89AD),DouXianledtroopstodefeattheHuns.BanGuaccompaniedhimontheexpeditionandservedasthedefendingarmy.TheinscriptionofthemountaincomesfromBanGu'shandwriting.

BanGu"doesnotteachthescholars,mostofthemdonotfollowthelaw."LuoyangmakesZhongДжиngdrunkandscoldedbyBanGu'sdomesticslaves,andhehasnotforgottenhishatred.InthefouryearsofHanandEmperorYongyuan,DouXiancommittedsuicidebylosingpower.BanGuwasimplicatedandremovedfromoffice.ThiskindofcompetitiontookadvantageofDouXian'sfailuretoarrestBanGu,andJapanwashumiliated.BanGudiedinprisonattheageofsixty-one.Atthistime,the"HanShu",theeight"Biao"and"AstronomicalChronicles"werenotcompleted.

BanGu'sbook"HanShu"wasnotcompletedanddied.TheEmperorofHanHeorderedhissisterBanZhaotocontinuetowriteBanGu'sposthumousworkbasedonthedatastoredintheDongguanCollectionPavilion.However,whentheeighttableswerecompleted,BanZhaodied.MaXufromthesamecountywasadiscipleofBanZhao,andhewascalledbytheHanandEmperorstomakeuptheremaining"AstronomicalChronicles".

Каталог на произведенията

Стил на компилация

"Hanshu"isthefirstchronologicalhistoryofChina,andtherecordof"Hanshu"referstotheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty.Mainly,atotalof230yearsofhistoricaleventsstartingfromthefirstyearofEmperorHanGaozuandthelastfouryearsofEmperorMangdi.Thestyleof"HanShu"iscompletelyinheritedfrom"HistoricalRecords",exceptthat"shu"ischangedto"zhi",and"family"ismergedinto"biography".Thewholebookhastwelve"ji",eight"table ",десет"жи",Седемдесет"Биография",общо 100статии,повече от 800 000думи.

IntheTangDynasty,YanShiguthoughtthatthe"HanShu"volumewastooheavy,sohedividedthelongeronesintotheupperandlowervolumesortheupper,middle,andlowervolumes,whichbecamethefirstvolumeofthecurrent"HanShu".Onehundredandtwentyvolumes.

Thehistoricalmaterialsofthe"Hanshu"areveryrichandaccurate.Theerarecordedinthebookoverlapswiththe"Shiji".ThehistoryoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynastybeforethemiddleofEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyisdescribedinbothbooks.Thispartof"Hanshu"mostlyusestheold"HistoricalRecords",butduetodifferencesintheauthor'sthoughtsandmaterialselectioncriteria,therearealsoadditions,deletionsandchangeswhentransferring.

InadditiontoabsorbingBanBiao’sposthumouswritingsandthematerialsfrommorethanadozen"HistoricalRecords,"thehistoricaleventsafterEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyadoptedalargenumberofedicts,memorials,poems,andsimilardailylife.Annotated"HanZhuji",astronomicalcalendarbook,andthe"earsandhears"ofBan'sfatherandson.Manyoriginalhistoricalmaterials,BanGuisenteredinfullinthebook,soitismorevaluablethan"HistoricalRecords".

Джи

Therearetwelve"Джи"in"HanShu",whichisachronicleofeventsfromHanGaozutoHanPingdi.

Althoughitiswritteninthesamewayas"HistoricalRecords",itisnotcalled"Benji",suchas"GaoDiДжи","WuDiДжи"and"PingDiДжи".Sincethe"BookofHan"begantorecordthefirstyearofthefoundingoftheHanGaozu,thecharactersoriginallyinthe"HistoricalRecords·Benji",suchasXiangYu,etc.,werechangedintothe"biography";andbecausetheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynastydidnotrecognizetheregimeestablishedbyWangMang—-Thenewdynasty,soWangMangwasplacedinthe"biography"andrelegatedtotheendofthebiography.

Biao

Има осем „Biao“ в „HanShu“. Много от тях са базирани на старата таблица в „Historical Records“ и нови след император Wu от историята на Han.

Therecordsofthefirstsixchaptersinclude:"TheListofPrincesandKings"thatrecordstheprincesofthesamesurnameintheearlyHanDynasty,"TheListofPrincesandKingsofDifferentNames"thatrecordstheprinceswithdifferentsurnames,andthe"ChronologyofHeroesandMinisters"fromtheEmperorGaozuoftheHanDynastytoEmperorChengdioftheHanDynasty"Etc.,byrecordingtherulingclasstoachievethepurposeofrespectingtheHan.

Thelasttwoarticleswereaddedtothe"HanShu",including:"BaoGuanGongQingBiao","AncientandModernCharactersTable",amongwhichthe"AncientandModernCharactersTable",BanGutookfromthethreeemperorsandfiveemperorstoQinChuThefamousfiguresinConfucianismaredividedintofourcategoriesandnineclassesbasedonConfucianism,listedinthetable;"BaiguanGongqingTable"introducestheofficialsystemintheQinandHandynastiesindetail.

Джи

The"Джи"inthe"HanShu"isdividedintotenchapters,whicharedevotedtothehistoryoftheriseandfallofthecanonsystem.

Тъй като "HanShu" вече е използвал "shu" като основно заглавие, за да избегне объркване, "Книгата" в "Historical Records" е променена на "zhi".

Theten"zhi"of"Hanshu"wasdevelopedonthebasisoftheeight"books"of"HistoricalRecords".For"Liyuezhi","Lvshu"and"Almanac"werechangedto"Lvlizhi";"Tianguanshu"waschangedto"AstronomyChronicle",and"Fengchanshu"waschangedto"ДжиaosiДжи",and""HequBook"waschangedto"GullyRecords",and"LevelingBook"waschangedto"FoodandGoodsRecords".

В същото време бяха добавени „Хроники на наказателното право“, „Хроники на петте елемента“, „Хроники на изкуството и литературата“ и „Хроники на географията“. Съдържанието на всяка хроника е предимно през древни и модерни, вместо да се фокусира върху историята на династията на Западната ръка.

Сред тях, например, „География“ описва подробно териториите, архитектурната история, феодалната епоха, ситуацията и обичаите, екстравагантността на известни семейства и императори от династиите преди Цин, Цин и Западните ръце.

Thecollectionof"TheFiveElements"iscomposedoftheoriesaboutthecatastropheofthefiveelements.Butfromanotherperspective,large-scalenaturalhistorydataarepreserved.

"Astronomy"preservesalargenumberofastronomicaldataaboutthestars,solareclipses,andlunareclipsesfromancienttimestothefirstbirthdayofEmperorAioftheHanDynasty.

"CriminalLawHistory"summarizesthecriminallawfromancienttimestotheWesternHanDynasty,andpointsouttheheavypunishmentsusedbyEmperorWenwenandEmperorДжиngofHanDynasty.ItalsopointsouttheevilconsequencescausedbyEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyusingcruelofficials.

"Shihuozhi"detailedtheeconomicdevelopmentfromancienttimestotheHanDynasty.

"Gouxiuzhi"describesthewaterconservancyprojectsfromancienttimestotheHanDynasty,andexplainsthestrategyofhydrologymanagement.

Биография

Thereare70"biographies"in"HanShu",stillaccordingtothelawof"HistoricalRecords",withGongqinggeneralsasbiographiesAtthesametime,itismainlybasedontheorderofthetimes,thefirstistheexclusivebiography,thesecondisthesecondcategory,andthefrontiertribesandforeignbiographyareagain,andfinallytherebelliouscourtier"WangMangБиография"isattheend,andthesystemisdistinct.

Asforthetitlesofthebiography,exceptfor"БиографияofPrincesandKings",allthetitlesaregivenbysurnameorgivenname.

Thesectionaboutscholarsofliteratureinthebiographiesof"HanShu"mostlyrecordstheiracademicandpoliticalcontent."XianliangStrategy"andsoon,thesearenotincludedin"HistoricalRecords".

Thebiographiesinthebiographiesinclude"TheLegendofTheScholars","TheLegendofXunLi","TheLegendoftheRanger","TheLegendofCoolOfficials",etc.Inaddition,the"БиографияoftheOutsiders"and"TheБиографияoftheQueenoftheYuanDynasty"wereadded."ZongShiChuan",thesearealsothe"HistoricalRecords"doesnothave.

FortheSiyi,therearethreebiographyof"TheHuns","TheБиографияofSouthwesternBarbarianandGuangdongKorea",and"TheБиографияofWesternRegions".

Inaddition,imitatingthemeaningof"Taishigong'sPreface",thelastchapterof"Биография"is"SuБиография",describingitswritingmotive,compilation,legends,etc."Биография"mainlyrecordstheWesternHanDynasty.Eachchapterofthe"Биография"isaccompaniedby"praise",i.e.,imitatingthestyleof"Taishigong"attheendofthe"HistoricalRecords"toillustratetheauthor'scriticismoropinionsonpeopleorthings.

Подробности за директорията

TheДжи,dividedintotwelvevolumes

HanShuJuanI,GaoDiДжиI(thefirstofHanTaizuLiuBang)

Han Scrolls, първата част от Gaodiji (HanTaizuLiuBang)

HanScrollsErhuiDijiSecond(HanHuidiLiuying)

HanShuJuanSanGaoHouДжиThird(HanGaoHouLvPhae,HanShaoEmperorLiuGong,HanShaoEmperorLiuHong)

HanShuJuanSiWenDiДжиFourth(HanWenEmperorLiuHeng)

HanShujuanWujingdiДжиNo.5(HanДжиngdiLiuQi)

HanShujuanLiuwudiДжиNo.6(HanWudiLiuChe)

HanShujuanQizhaodiДжиNo.7(HanZhaodiLiuFuling)

HanShujuanEightXuanEmperorДжиEighth(HanXuanEmperorLiuXun)

HanShuJuanДжиuYuanEmperorДжиNinth(HanYuanEmperorLiuShi)

HanShujuanShichengdijiTenth(HanChengdiLiuYu)

HanShujuanShichengdiДжиxiNo.11(HanAidiLiuxin)

Hanshujuan12The12thPingEmperorДжи(HanPingEmperorLiuYan)

Таблицата е разделена на осем глави

HanScrolls,thethirteendifferentsurnameprincesandkingstablefirst(LiuPrincesoutsidethefamily)

HanShujuanfourteenprincesandkingsformthesecond(Liuclanprincesandkings)

HanShujuanпетнадесет принца и принцове образуват третото

HanShujuan 15th Prince and Hou FormationPartIII

HanShujuan16thGaoHuigaoHouwenMeritoriousList4th

HanShujuan17thДжиngWuzhaoXuanyuanSuccessfulMinisterListNo.Five

ХанШуджууаносемнадесет родниниЕнзехоуформирашести

HanShujuannineteenhundredofficialsformtheseventhone

HanShujuannineteenhundredofficialsformtheseventhTableSeventhPartII

HanShujuan Двадесет древни и съвременни хора Таблица Осма

Хроники, разделени на десет глави

HanShujuanIITheFirstPartoftheElevenLvsAlmanac(DengPing's"TaichuCalendar")

Първата част от двадесет и един Lvs Chronicleofthe Han Scroll (LiuXin's"SantongCalendar")

HanShujuan Двадесет и два ритуала и записи № 2

HanShujuanTwenty-three and CriminalLaw RecordsNo.3

HanShujuanTwenty-fourShihuoДжиNo.4

HanShujuanTwenty-FourShihuoДжи,PartIV

HanShujuanTwenty-FiveДжиaoSiДжи,FifthPart

HanShuJuanTwenty-FiveДжиaoSiДжи,PartFifth

HanShujuantwenty-sixthandfifthelementsofthesixthchapter

HanShujuantwenty-seventhandfiveelementsoftheseventhchapter

HanShujuantwenty-seventhandfiveelementsoftheseventhmiddleschool

HanShujuan27thFiveElementsHistorySeventhMiddleLower

HanShujuan27thFiveElementsHistory7thLowerUpper

HanShuJuan27Седмата част от историята на петте елемента

Осмата част на Хан Шуджуан28 География

HanShujuan28ГеографияГлава осма

HanShujuantwenty-nineGouXiazhininth

HanShujuanthirtyartandWenzhitenth(accordingtoLiuXiang’s""Nottoberecorded"andLiuXin's"SevenLue")

Биография,dividedinto70chapters,Gongqingwillbiographthem

HanScroll301ChenShengXiangjiБиографияFirst(ChenSheng,XiangДжи)

HanShuJuanthirty-twoZhangErChenYuChuantwo(ZhangEr,ChenYu)

HanShuJuanthirty-threeWeiLeopardTianDanHanWangXinChuanthird[WeiBao,TianDan,HanWangXin(notthesamepersonasHanXin.)]

HanScrollThirty-FourHanPengyingLuWuChuanFourth(HanXin,PengYue,TingBu,LuWan,WuRui)

HanScrollThirtyFiveДжиngYanWuChuandiFive(ДжиngWangLiuДжиa,YanWangLiuZe,WuWangLiuBi)

HanScroll36ChuYuanWangChuanSixth(ChuYuanWangLiuДжиao,LiuXiang,LiuXin)

HanShuJuan37ДжиBuLuanBuTianShuZhuanseventh(ДжиBu,LuanBu,TianShu)

HanShuJuanthirtyeighthighfiveWangChuaneighth(LiuFei,LiuRuyi),LiuYou,LiuHui,LiuДжиan)

HanScrollThirty-nineXiaoHeCaoCanБиографияNinth(XiaoHe,CaoCan)

HanScrollFortyZhangChenWangZhouБиографияTenth(ZhangLiang,ChenPing,WangLing,ZhouBo)

HanShuVolume41FanLiTengGuanFuДжиnZhouБиографияNo.11(FanKuo,LiShang,XiaHouying,GuanYing,FuKuan,ДжиnShe,ZhouSu)

HanScrollsforty-twoZhangZhou,ZhaoRenandShentuБиографияtwelfth(ZhangCang,ZhouChang,ZhaoYao,RenAo,Shentujia)

HanScrollsForty-threeLi,Luzhu,LiuShusun'sbiography,thethirteenth(LiShiqi,LuДжиa,ZhuДжиan,LiuДжиng,Shusuntong)(HuainanLiKingLiuChang,HengshanKingLiuCi,ДжиbeiZhenKingLiuBo)

HanShuJuan45KuaiWuДжиangXifuБиографияNo.15(KuiTong,WuBei,ДжиangChong,XifuBow)

HanScrollofFortySixteenth,ShiWeizhi,ZhouZhangChuan(ShiFen,WeiWan,Джиbudou,ZhouRen,ZhangOu)

HanScrollfortySeventeenthoftheSeventeenthStoryofThreeKings(LiangXiaoWangLiuWu,DaiXiaoWangLiuCan,LiangHuaiWangLiuYi)

HanShuVolume48ДжиaYiБиографияNo.18(ДжиaYi)

HanShujuanforty-nineYuanAn,ChaoCuo'sbiography,nineteenth(YuanAn,ChaoCuo)

HanShujuan50ZhangFengjiZhengChuan20(ZhangShizhi,FengTang,ДжиAn,Zhengthen)

HanScroll51ДжиaZoumeiLuChuan21(ДжиaShan,ZouYang,MeiCheng,LuWenshu)

HanScroll52DouTianGuanHanChuan22(DouYing,TianFu,GuanFu,HanAnguo)

HanScrolls,53Scenery,ThirteenWangChuan23(LinjiangMinWangLiuRong,HeДжиanXianWangLiude,WangLiude,WangLiuyuofLinjiang,WangLiuyuoftheCommunistPartyofChina,LiuFei,KingofДжиangduYi,YuWangLiuDuanofДжиaoxi,KingZhaoДжиngsuLiuPengzu,ДжиngWangLiuShengofZhongshan,LiuFaofDingWang,WangLiuYueofGuangchuan,LiuДжиofKingKangofДжиaodong,LiuChengofKingofQinghe,ChangshanXianwangLiuShun)

HanScrollsfifty-fourLiGuangsuДжиanzhuantwenty-fourth(LiGuang,SuДжиan)

HanScrollsfifty-fifthWeiQinghuoQuBingzhuantwenty-fifth(WeiQing,HuoQubing)

HanShuJuan56DongZhongshuБиография26(DongZhongshu)

HanShuJuan57SimaXiangruБиография27th(SimaXiang)Suchas)

HanScroll57SimaXiangruChuan27thPart(SimaXiangru)

HanScroll58Thetwenty-eighthbiographyofGongsunHongbuShierKuan(Gongsunhong,BuShi,NiKuan)

HanShujuan59ZhangTangChuan29(ZhangTang)

HanScroll60DuZhouБиографияNo.30(DuZhou)

HanScroll60OneQianLiGuangliБиография31(ZhangQian,LiGuangli)

HanScroll60TheThirty-secondSimaQianБиография(SimaQian)

HanShuJuan63WuZiБиографияThirty-third(PrinceLiuZheng,QiHuaiWangLiuHong,YanThornKingLiuDan,GuanglingLiWangLiuXu,ChangThekingofmourning,LiuLi,HaiyunhouLiuhe)

HanScroll64,YanZhuwuqiu,thefatherofXuYanzhong,ДжиaChuan34th(YanZhu,ZhuMaichen,WuqiuShouwang,FatherYan,XuLe,YanAn,Junjun,WangBao,ДжиaTuanzhi)

HanScrollsSixty-55DongfangShuoChuan35(DongfangShuo)

HanScrollsSixthSixteenGongsunLiuTianWangYangCaiChenZhengChuan36(GongSunHe,LiuQuyao,TianQianqiu,WangYu,YangChang,CaiYi,ChenWannian,ZhengHong)

HanScrollSixSeventeenthSeventeenthStoryofYang,Hu,ZhumeiandYun37(YangWangsun,HuДжиan,ZhuYun,MeiFu)

HanScroll69,ZhaoChongguo,XinQingjiБиография39(ZhaoChongguo,XinQingji)

HanScroll70FuChangZhengGanChenDuanChuan40(FuДжиezi,ChangHui,ZhengДжи,GanYanshou,ChenTang,DuanHuizong)

Тези седемдесет и един свитъка на династията Хан бяха отделени от Xue Ping и четиридесет и първият от PengChuan (JunDou, ShuGuang, YuDingguo, XueGuangde, Pingdang, PengXuan)

HanScrolls72WangGongliangGongBaoChuan42(WangДжи,GongYu,GongSheng,GongShe,BaoXuan)

HanScrolls73WeiXianБиография43(WeiXian)

HanScrolls74WeiXiangBingjiБиография44(WeiXiang,Bingji)

Hanshu

HanShuJuan75SuiLiangXiaHouДжиngyiLiChuan45(SuiHong,XiahouShichang,XiaHouSheng,ДжиngFang,YiFeng,LiXun)

HanShuJuan76ZhaoYinHanZhangLiangWangChuan46(ZhaoGuanghan,YinWenggui,HanYanshou,ZhangChang,WangZun,WangZhang)

HanScroll77CoverZhugeLiuZhengSunWuДжиangHeChuan47(GaiKuanrao,Zhugefeng,LiuFu,ZhengChong,SunBao,WuДжиanglong,HeBin)

HanShujuan78XiaoWangДжиБиография48(XiaoWangДжи)

HanShujuan79FengFengshizhuan49(FengFengshi)

HanShujuan80XuanyuanSixWangzhuan50th(HuaiyangXianWangLiuQin,ChuXiaoWangLiuXiao,DongpingsiWangLiuyu,ZhongshanAiWangLiuДжиng,DingtaoGongWangLiuKang,ZhongshanXiaoWangLiuXing),MaGong)

HanShuVolume82WangShangShiDanFuXiБиография52(WangShang,ShiDan,FuXi)

HanShuVolume83,XueXuan,ZhuBoБиография53(XueXuan,ZhuBo)

HanShuJuan84ZhaiFangjinБиография54(ZhaiFangjin)

HanShuJuan80WuGuYongDuYeChuan55(GuYong,DuYe)

HanShuJuan86HeWuWangДжиaShiDanChuan56(HeWu,WangДжиa,ShiDan)

HanScroll87YangXiongChuan57thPart(YangXiong)

HanScroll87YangXiongChuan57Part(YangXiong)

HanShujuanEighty-EightScholarsБиография58

HanShujuanEighty-NineXunLiZhuan59

HanShuJuanNinetyKuLiБиографияNo.6Ten

HanShujuanNinety-oneHuoShizhuan61

HanShujuanДеветдесет и две Легендата за рейнджърите62

HanShujuanNinety-threeLuckyБиография63

HanScrollsNinety-fourHunsБиография64thPart(TheXiongnu)

HanScrollNinety-Five,SouthwesternYi,GuangdongandKoreanБиография65(SouthVietnam,WeishiKorea)

HanScrollNinety-sixWesternRegionБиография66th(WesternRegion)

HanScrollNinety-SixБиографияoftheWesternRegions,66thPart(WesternRegions)

HanScrollsNinety-sevenБиографияofForeignRelatives,67thPart(foreignrelatives)

HanShujuanNinety-seven,БиографияofForeignRelatives67thPart(Foreignrelatives)

HanShujuanNinety-EightYuanDynastyБиография68(WangZhengjun)

HanShujuanNinetyTheSixty-ninthOneoftheLegendofNineKingsMang(WangMang)

Шестдесет и деветото средно училище на деветдесет и девет Биографията на Хан Шуджуан (УангМанг) на УангМанг

ДжиuXia(WangMang)

HanShujuanHundredXuzhuan70thPart(BanFamilyHistory,BanGuPreface)

HanShujuanHundredXuzhuan70thPart(BanjiaHistory,PrefacebyBanGu)

Приложение

Hanshunrativeexample

TangZhengyi,secretaryofthedoctor,wassupervisedandsupervisedthefoundingofLangxianCountyAncientessaysbyZiyanshi

ChuJun’spostureofphilosopher,theweightofguardian,thethreevirtuesofsurrender,theversatilityofninestreams,theremainingwindoftheYanHan,thebeginningandthebeginning,thenarrationofYiMengjian,ДжиaQihong'ssupport,thoughtthattherearestillmanysparsedisordersinclothingandying,andtheSuandДжиnfamiliescutoffthesand,andtheCai'scompilationisespeciallythescorpion.Sincethepresent,thereisenoughcontempt.Perplexedbytheearlydaysofthepreviousgenerationandthemanydoubtsinthefuture,GuZhaoisquiet,utterlyexhausted,andcorrectstheviolation,stimulatesthedepressionandstagnation,andwilluseitasametaphorfortheteeth,farawayfromthecountry,promotethesilkbelt,andenlightentheyouth.Quowesgreatregulations,preparesfavors,increasesgloryandchangesoutlook,emphasizesthesoundofpriceandflow.Dousun’smaterials,thoughtfulnessandstrength,andstubbornfeet,willeventuallybefar-reaching.Inthelightoftheyear,DaluinthelawissaidtobeTuyue,andhisbookisjustbeginning.Don'tbeashamedofmadness,usesuccinctly,succinctlyrefertoprecedents,andkeepupanddiscussthestyle."HanShu"hasnoannotations,onlyFuqian,YingShao,etc.areallsoundandmeaning,andtheyareimplementedseparately.Inthemiddleofthenoon,lovehasДжиnzhuo,thecollectionisonepiece,withfourteenvolumes,anditisquiteintendedtoincrease,whenthepredecessorsofthetimedebatewhetherornot,thetitleis"HanshuДжиzhu".ItbelongedtoYongjia'sfuneralandДжиnxingbroadcastmoved.Althoughthisbookexists,itwillnotreachДжиangzuo.ItistheopinionoflovefromtheEasternДжиnDynastytoLiangandChen.ThosewhohaveChenZan,theMozhiclan,testtheirtime,alsointheearlyДжиnDynasty,andcollectedallthesoundsandmeaningsofallthefamilies,alittlebitofwhattheysaw,andcontinuedthetoiletattheend.ItissaidthatZhenMingisnotwithoutdifference.Therearetwenty-fourvolumes,dividedintotwopieces.Today'sДжиДжиe,soundandmeaningarehisbook,butlaterpeoplewillnotknowChenZan'swork,itiscalled"ДжиДжиe"suchasYingShao.Wang's"SevenRecords"andRuan's"SevenRecords"arealsoinscribedinYunran,withoutexaminingtheears.ScholarsalsoconsideredZan'ssurname,attachedtoAnshi,orYunfuclan,thereisnocleartext,notenoughtowinthetrust.CaiMoquantookthefirstpartofChenZanandscattereditintothe"HanShu",andsincethentherehasbeenanannotation.However,themeaningissuperficial,withoutconcealment,itisanobscurecompilation,andtherearemanyconfusingfacts.Thereasonforthisjobisquitedifferentfrombefore.Moalsohastwoorthreewrongideas,butthescholarshavenoHongyi.

Therearemanyancientcharactersintheoldtextsof"HanShu".Afterthecommentary,thescriptureshavebeenchangedandchanged,andlatergenerationslearnedtoreaditandchangeditwiththemeaningofthemagazine.Today,theancientversionofQucoreistrue,andthosewhoaredifficulttounderstandwillbeexplainedaccordingly.

Ancientandmodernvocabulary,dialectsandspeciallanguage,havenotlearnedtheskin,orfailedtounderstand,ifthemeaningisdoubtful,itwillincreaseanddecrease,strayandforgettoreturn,andthereisalotoffilthandabuse.Alltodayaredeleted,andtheoldisrestored.

Althoughtherearearticlesinthetables,therearemanytexts,whichleadtomiscellaneousmischief,lossoftimebeforeandafter,upanddown,upanddown,mixedinname,andbadinname.Today,Iamlookingforacasestudyofthearticle,thegeneralupdateispublished,clearandstunned,andtheterracesareexaminedandapproved.Intermsofitsarea,itismorelocalized.

Ritual,music,songsandpoems,eachaccordingtotherulesofthetime,shouldbeshortandstylized,andshouldnotbeconsistent.Thereadersareignorant,havenore-understandingofthebrokenchapters,theuncomprehensiveisseparated,andtherhymeofthesentenceiswrong,whichmakesagenerationofliterarytalents,emptyanddelicate,tiredandhardtolearn,andrarelycanlearn.Today,Ifollowitstwistsandturnstoanalyzethetruth,anditiseasytounderstand,anditisundoubtedlysluggish.Youcangetsatiricalandhappy.

Anyonewhosaysyesinthepastwillbeseamless,andtheywillbekeptinordertoshowthattheyarenothidden.Thereareafewhints,butthecontracthasnotbeenextended,anditcanbepassedthrough,sothateveryoneknowsit.Asfortheuncommonknowledge,themorechaoticyouare,themoreyoucancorrectittodispelconfusion.Ifyousaythatitisnotappropriate,youwillcompetewithwords,goforaheresy,andbeannoying,ugly,andyouwon'tgetanythingoutofit.Thereisnoexplanationoftheoldplace,butitisexplainedinmoredetail,andallcanbenegotiated.GoingtothetestofDianmo,andstudying"Cang"and"Ya"nexttoit, thereisnoconjecture,buttherearesupportingevidences.Thesixartsareincomplete,soyoucan'tseethefulltext.Therefore,thescripturesquotedbyXiang,Xin,Ban,Ma,Zhongshu,andZiyunmaybequitedifferentfromthoseofmodernConfucianism.Theymustnotrefutetheformersages.Painted.Today,eachisbasedonthisarticle,applyingChangJue'spoints,notwithoutexaminationandpractice,andtherationaleisappropriate,anditisalsoannotated"Li",whichisdifferentfrom"Shu"and "Yi".YuanKai'sinterpretationof"Zhuan"isnotrelatedtoMao,Zheng"Poetry"essay.Intermsofcategory,itismeaningful.Loveisself-reporting,Xiang,withmourningandpeace.Theyearshavebeennumerous,andallthetimeiswide.Therefore,thechronologyofthebiographyisdifferentfromtimetotime.Whenthepenisnotstopped,thebarnyardisstillleft,anditisalsotaughtbyfuturegenerations.Thesequenceismixed.Hewasfrankandperverted.Today, мъдростта на бедните вълна обсъжда източника и структурата ще го обясни.

Thewordmaybedifficulttorecognize,andithasborrowedsounds.Ifyouaskformoreotherscrolls,itwilleventuallybeabandoned.Todayisallunderneath,andthentranscribed.Asfarasitisoftenknown,thereisnoambiguity,everyoneknowsit,andthereisnotrouble.

Modernannotatedhistory,competingfortheblog,citingmiscellaneousstatements,attackingthisarticle,tothepointofslanderousremarks,stubbornness,showingtheinfrequenceofpreviousrepairs,thestrengthsandstrengthsofself-conception,andtheeffectofcontradictionTheenemy,thesuperbpowderandtheradiance.Today’scomment,Yipraisestheoldbooks,abidesbythetrack,andclosestheroad.

Thenotesofvariousfamilies,althoughyoucanseethename,asforJueli,itisquitedifficulttoknow.Thereisnothingleftinthebiography,asshownontheleft:

XunyuecharacterZhongyu,anativeofYingchuan,thesecretaryoftheLaterHanDynasty.(Hewrote30volumesof"HanДжи",allofwhicharein"HanShu".)

FuqianZiShen,fromXingyang,laterHanShangshuminister,GaoPingling,Джиujiangprefect.(Theinitialnameisheavy,thenameischangedonly,andthenameislaternamedQiang.)

YingShaocharacterZhongYuan,(onecharacterZhongYuan,onecharacterZhongYuan.)RunanNandun,laterHanXiaoLing,YuShiCamporder,Taishanprefect.

FuyancharacterДжиnghong,amanfromLangxie.

LiuDe,fromBeihai.

Zheng,ДжиnZhuo’sprefaceto"YinYi"doesnotknowitsname,butChenZan’s"ДжиДжиe"isnolongerknowntoZhengDe.Thereisnoevidence,butnowitiscalledZheng'searbyДжиnzhuo.

LiFei, окръгът, от който е дошъл, е неизвестен.

LiQi,fromNanyang.

DengZhan,anativeofNanyang,WeiДжиan'anisGeneralFenwei,andheisnamedGaoleTownship.

WenyingcharacterShuliang,anativeofNanyang,workedinДжиngzhouinthelateHanDynasty,andWeiДжиananwastheChenglingMansionofGanling.

ZhangYi'scharacterisДжиrang,anativeofQinghe,(Yiyunhejian.)WeiTaiheisaPh.D.(ExplanationofthefirstvolumeofSimaXiangruБиография.)

SuLincharacterXiaoyou,ChenLiuwaiHuangren,WeiGeshizhong,SecretarySupervisor,SanqiChangshi,YonganWeiwei,TaizhongThedoctor,Dr.Huangmovedtojuniorhighschool,FengAnChengTinghou.

ZhangYanZibo,fromZhongshan.

RuChun,FengYi,WeiChenJuncheng.

Mengkangcharacterpublicholiday,AnpingGuangzong,WeiSanqiChangshi,HongnongTaishou,LingdianAgriculturalSchoolLieutenant,BohaiTaishou,Qishizhong,SanqiShilang,Zhongshuling,latertransferAsasupervisor,FengGuanglingTinghou.

XiangZhao, whoisfromHeCountyisunknown.

WeiZhaocharacterHongsi,anativeofYunyang,Wujun,WuShangshulang,Taishiling,Zhongshulang,DoctorДжиjiu,Zhongshubushe,FengGaolingtinghou.

ДжиnZhuo,fromHenan,ДжиnShangShulang.

LiuBaoziDaozhen,anativeofGaoping,ДжиnzhongShulang,HanoiPrefect,YushiZhongcheng,PrinceZhongshuzi,OfficialBulang,GeneralAnbei.(Theprinceattendingtheemperortalksabout"HanShu",don'thave"Refutation".)

ChenZan, фамилията и страната не са известни.

GuoPu'scharacterisДжиngchun,anativeofHedong,andagiftfromtheДжиnDynastytotheprefectofHongnong.(Stopnote"PrefacetotheLegendofXiangru"andsafaripoems.)

CaiMoisanativeofDaoming,ChenLiukao,ascholaroftheFiveSoldiersoftheEasternДжиnDynasty,thesecretaryoftheTaichang,andthegovernorofXu,Yan,ThemilitaryoftheQingthreestates,ledtheXuzhouprovincialgovernor,Dr.ZuoGuangluopenedthemansiontothethreedivisions,ledtheYangzhoupastoralist,servedthemiddleSitunotworship,gavethewaiterthemiddleSikong,posthumousposthumoustitleofMuGong.

CuiHao'scharacterisBoshen,anativeofQinghe.LaterWeiShizhongenteredtheFujungeneral,ZuoGuanglu,andSitu,Fengdongjun.(Thesoundandmeaningof"HanДжи"writtenbyXunYue.)

Джиngyoupublishedtheschoollanguage

InSeptemberofthefirstyearofДжиngyou,SecretaryChengYuДжиngsaid："ThetextsoftheHanDynastyprintedbytheImperialCollegewerecorrupted,forfearofmistakesinlaterstudies.Theministerswouldliketorefertoallthebooks,accordingtothebooks,anddistinguishthemfromeachother.Ihopethatthepublicationsarecorrect."

ZhangGuan,etc.detailedthememorial,andorderedtheImperialCollegetotellWangZhuandДжиngkaitogotoChongwenyuan.InMarchofthesecondyear,Джиngsaidagain:"AnexamplefromtheancientcaseofYanYan:BanGu's"HanShu",oldwithoutannotations,onlyFuqian,YingShao,etc.,eachofthesoundsandmeanings,namedhimselfhisfamily.TotheWesternДжиnDynasty,Zhuo,Theanthologyisonepiece,withfourteenvolumes,anditisquiteenrichedwithintentions.Whetherthesecondstudyofthetimedebateshouldbeornot,thetitleis"HanshuДжиzhu".IntheYongjiaRebellion,thisbookdoesnotreachДжиangzuo.ThosewhohaveChenZan,theMozhiclan,Examininghisera,itwasalsointheearlyДжиnDynasty,andthesoundsandmeaningsofallfamiliesweregatheredtogether.Frommyownpointofview,Icontinuedattheendofthetoilet.CaiMoquantookthisbookandscattereditintothevariouschapterswhereitiscalledthecollectionofexplanationsandsoundmeanings.Sincethen,therehasbeenanannotation.WhenEmperorTaizongoftheTangDynasty,thecrownprinceinheritedtheorderofYanShigutopublishitanddeleteit.Replenishingstrategy,decidingtoself-speak,Confucianscholarssubscribetotheirdetailedknowledge,andthentheyformafamily.ThetotalnumberofConfucianannotations,thefirstnameisvisible,therearetwentyoutoffivepeople,andthejue,theage,andthehistoryarealmosthalfofthem.ExaminationofitsattachmentThesource,name,andageofthenotesinheritedbytheoldsayingsareengravedattheendofthisbookinordertohearandhope.Today’scolumnisasleft:

XunYue,следното съдържание е същото като "HanshuXuru"

Fuqian, следното съдържание е същото като "HanshuXuru"

YingShao,thefollowingcontentisthesameas"HanshuNarrativeExample"

FuYan, следното съдържание е същото като "Пример за разказ на Хансу"

LiuDe, следното съдържание е същото като "Пример за разказ на Хансу""

Zheng,anativeofYunbeihaiinДжиnzhuo's"Анотация",doesnotknowhisname,butChenZanthinksofZhengDe.Inthisbook,itiscalledZheng's.

LiFei,thefollowingcontentisthesameas"HanshuNarrativeExamples"

LiQi, следното съдържание е същото като „Примери за разкази на Хансу“

DengZhan,следното съдържаниесъщо като "HanshuXuru"

WenYing, следното съдържание е същото като "HanshuXuru"

ZhangYi,следното съдържание е същото като "HanshuXuru"

SuLin, следното съдържание е същото като "Hanshu Narrative"

ДжанЯн, следното съдържание е същото като „Ханшу разказ“.

RuChun, следното съдържание е същото като "Hanshu Narrative"

MengKang, следното съдържание е същото като "Hanshu Narrative"

XiangZhao,следното съдържаниесъщо като "Примери за разкази на Хансу".

WeiZhao,thefollowingcontentisthesameas"HanshuNarrativeExamples"

ДжиnZhuo,thefollowingcontentisthesameas"HanshuNarrativeExamples".

LiuBao, следното съдържание е същото като „Примери за разказ на Хансу“.

ChenZan,Idon’tknowhissurname.CasePeiQi's"PrefacetoHistoricalRecords"saysthatMoknowshissurname.WeiLeng's"ContinuedTraining"wasunclear,whileLiuXiaobiao's"Leiyuan"thoughtYuZan,andLiYuan'sannotationof"ShuiДжиng"thoughtitwasXueZan.AccordingtoYaoCha's"XunZhuang",thecaseof"YuYiДжи"YuZanwasthemasterofYi,thesoldierCaojoinedthearmy,andthenGeneralДжиanwei."ДжиnZhongXingShu"statesthatYidiedofillness,butthegeneralYuZanandothersmadetrouble,thewingleaderShiДжиangYuZhuzhi.YuZanisawinggeneralanddoesnotcontainannotated"HanShu".However,thevoicesandmeaningsadoptedbyallthefamiliesarenotpassedonДжиangzuo.Inthecaseof"GaoДжи""MaoLingShu"and"WenДжи""HanLuДжиLing",thesetwobookswerealsolost,andtheywerenotallowedtocrosstheriver.ItisclearthatthisZanwasanativeofДжиnzhongDynasty,soitwasgranted.Thesoundandmeaningofitspredecessorsand"MaoLingShu""HanLing"andotherears.CaiMozhiДжиangZuo,scatteredintothe"HanShu"withtwenty-fourvolumesofZan,thepresentnoteisalso.IfitiscalledYuZan,hewasfromtheEasternДжиnDynastyanddidnotmeeteachotherintheperiodoftime.ThisZanisnotenoughtoknow.Inanothercase,"TheБиографияofMuTianzi"islistedinthecatalog.Thesecretaryreadstheancienttext"TheБиографияofMuTianzi"bythesecretary,LangFuZan,andthosewhohaverecordedthe"БиографияofMuTianzi"arenotallowedtostealthebooksfromtheancienttomb.InthecaseofChenZaninthe"HanShuYinyi",the"ДжиShu"isoftencitedtorefutethepreceptsofmanyfamilies.ThisZanissuspectedtobeFuZan.ZanShi'svocationaldiarywasproofread,sohewascalledaminister.YanShigusaidthatfuturegenerationsconsideredZan'ssurnameandattachedFu'sears.Thereisnocleartextandnotenoughtowintheletter.

GuoPu, следното съдържание е същото като "Hanshu Narrative"

CaiMo, следното съдържание е същото като "Hanshu Narrative"

CuiHao,следното съдържаниесъщо като "Изследване на Hanshu"

YanYan,thecharactermasterofancienttimes,wasanativeofYongzhouWannian.TangZhongshuShiLang,alsomasterofДжиSanqiChangShi,secretaryyoungsupervisor,bachelorofHongwenguan,FengLangxianCounty.

Septemberofthesecondyearoftheschoolbookiscompleted,everyincreaseof741characters,lossof212characters,correctionof1,330characters.

Оценяване на произведенията

Наративен жанр

Intermsofnarrative,"Hanshu"ischaracterizedbythesystematicandcompletenessofhistoricalevents,andstrivesforthebeginningandtheendofeverything,andthedescriptionisclear.ThisprovideduswithgreatconvenienceforunderstandingandstudyingthehistoryoftheWesternHanDynasty.Sofar,allstudiesofthehistoryoftheWesternHanDynastyhaveused"HanShu"asthebasichistoricaldata.

Intermsofgenre.Both"HanShu"and"ShiДжи"arehistoricalbooksofДжиChuanstyle.Thedifferenceisthat"HistoricalRecords"originatedfromthelegendary"FiveEmperors"andendedintheeraofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty.Itisageneralhistory;while"HanShu"isachronologicalhistorydedicatedtothehistoricaleventsoftheWesternHanDynasty.ThisgenreofchronologicalhistoryisthecreationofBanGu.Thisgenrehasbeenadoptedinthe"officialhistory"ofsubsequentdynasties.ThisisBanGu'smajorcontributiontomycountry'shistoriography.

Еволюция на стила

В сравнение със стила на "Исторически записи", стилът на "Ханшу" се е променил. "Историческите записи" са обща история, а "ХанШу" е хронологична история.

"HanShu"changedthe"Benji"of"HistoricalRecords"to"Джи","Биография"to"Биография","Shu"to"Джи",abolished"AristocraticFamily",andafamilyofscholarsintheHanDynastyAllareincludedinthe"biography".Thesechangeswerefollowedbysomelaterhistorybooks.

Therelativelycompletequotationofedictsandmemorialsinthe"HanShu"hasbecomeanimportantfeatureofthe"HanShu".Inaddition,thecontentoftheborderethnicminoritiesisalsoquiterich.

"Hanshu" новодобави "История на наказателното право", "История на петте елемента", "История на географията", "История на изкуството и литературата".

"CriminalLawHistory"systematicallynarratesnationallawsandregulations,whichisofreferencesignificanceforstudyingthedevelopmentoflawsinourcountry.

"Географията" записва административното деление, регистрацията на домакинствата, имотите, стопанството и положението на хората по това време.

"Yiwenzhi"textualizestheoriginsofvariousacademicgenresandrecordsthesurvivingbooks.Itistheearliestsurvivingbookcataloginmycountry.

"Shihuozhi" еволюира от "книга за изравняване", но съдържанието е по-богато. То има два тома. Първият метал е за "храната", това е икономическото положение на селското стопанство; вторият том говори за "стоките", което е положението на търговията и валутата, което е специална икономическа глава по това време.

Thedescendantsofthe"BaiguanGongqingForm"in"HanShu"arehighlyrespected.Itisabrieftableofthefourteenthandthirty-fourofficialranks,recordingthepromotionandexemptionofministersoftheHanDynasty.

Историческият източник на "ХанШу", преди император Ву, е бил "Исторически записи". Последните са написани от баща му, вторите са "Исторически записи", продължени от всяко семейство, а третите - други записи.

Свързани бележки

Анотация

"Hanshu"mostlyusesancientcharactersandancientmeanings.Thecharactersaredifficulttounderstand,sothatthepeopleofBanGu'scontemporarieshadtoMakethephoneticandmeaningnotesforthe"Hanshu"sothatitcanbereadandunderstood.Accordingto"SuiShu·ДжиДжи"records,fromtheEasternHanDynastytotheSouthernandNorthernDynasties,therewereabout20annotationstothe"HanShu",andmostofthemwerenoteswithsoundandmeaning.

Asfortheannotationsof"HanShu",alltheannotationsmadebyvariousscholarsbeforetheTangDynastyhavebeenlost.WangXianqianoftheQingDynastyimitatedtheclassicsuccinctstyletoannotatetherepresentativeworkoftheoldhistory,"HanShuSupplementaryNote".Thebookisbasedontheopinionsofvariousfamilies.Afteryearsofintensiveresearch,theinexplicablepointscanbeunderstood.Therefore,itisstillrespectedbythedomesticandforeignhistorians..Theseannotationshavedetailedresearchonthepronunciation,meaningandhistoricalfactsofthecharactersinthe"Hanshu",whichprovideuswithconvenienceforreadingthe"Hanshu"andbecomeanimportanttoolforusingthe"Hanshu"today.

В допълнение, "Hanshu Glimpse" и "Hanshu Supplements and Corrections" на YangShuda могат да бъдат прочетени за справка.

Преглед и Поръчване

"ReadingHanshuMagazine"(QingDynasty·WangNiansun),"HanshuАнотацияandCorrection"(QingDynasty·ZhouShouchang),betterthanYinxunandWenyi."HanShuShuzheng"(QingDynasty·ShenQinhan),"HanShuDiscrimination"(QingDynasty·QianDazhao),"HanShuGuanДжиan"(QingDynasty·ZhuYixin),"HanShuSuoYan"(QingDynasty·ShenДжиaben),Goodattextualresearch,exegesisandcollationarealsoquitedesirable."HanShuДжиngguan"(RepublicofChina·YangShuda),goodatcollationofexegesis.

"HanShuXinzheng"(modern·ChenДжи),systematicuseofancientartifactssuchasHanbambooslips,Hansteles,QinandHanbronzes,lacquerwareunearthedinJuyanandDunhuang,QinandHanseals,sealmudWordssuchasVadang,etc.,havebeeninventedasnewtestimony.Amongthem,thereleaseof"BiaoguanGongqingTable"isparticularlyaccurate.

Inaddition,ДжиnShaoying's"HanshuShihuoДжиДжиShi"isanimportantreferencebookforstudyingtheeconomyoftheHanDynasty.CenZhongmian's"HanShuXiyuChuandili"isamust-readforstudyingtheevolutionofthenamesoftheWesternRegions.

WangXianqianattheendoftheQingDynastycollectedtheessenceof67researchbooksandwrote"HanShuSupplementaryNotes."Althoughtherearenotmanypersonalinventions,hehasstrongcomprehensivedecision-makingabilityandoutstandingachievements.Thereisnosubstituteforitsofar.Itisthemostbasicreferencebookforreading"HanShu".ThedisadvantageisthattheopinionsofQianDazhao,ZhouShouchangandothersareunprepared.Therefore,thetextbooksofscholarsintheQingDynastyshouldnotbediscardedlightly,andthenewachievementsofscholarsinmoderntimesneedmoreattention.

TheQingpeoplehavemademanycorrectionsandcorrectionsrelatedtothe"HanShu"tablerecords,andtheirachievementsarealsogreat.Representativemasterpiecesareincludedinthetwobooks"Twenty-FiveHistorySupplements"and"TenKindsofSupplementstotheTablesoftheRecordsoftheHanDynasty".Amongthem,XiaXie's"EightBiaosofSchoolBooks",LiangYusheng's"RenbiaoKao",YangShoujing's"HanshuGeographySupplements",andYaoZhenzong's"HanshuYiwenДжиSupplements"arethemostimportant.

WangYinglinintheSongDynastywrotetenvolumesof"ATextualResearchonHanshuArtandLiteratureRecords",andadetailedexaminationandorderingofmorethan380books.Thelanguage,DengXiziisnotkilledbyZichan,andZhuangHuqi’ssternhelpisretorted.ItmeansPangmengateverydoor,butonlythreeorfivearticles.”Italsocontains27unrecordedbooks,“TheBookofChanges”.Added"Lianshan","ReturntoTibet","ZiXiaYiZhuan";"Poetry"added"YuanWangShi";"Rite"added"BigDaiLi","LittleDaiLi","WangДжи","HanYi";"Le"categoryadded"YueДжиng","YueYuanYu";"ChunqiuLei"added"MingshiChunqiu";Taoistadded"LaoziДжиgui","SuWangMiaoLun";Legalistadded"LawofHanDynasty","LingofHanDynasty";politicalexpertsadded"Guiguzi";astronomicaladded"Xia'sSunandMoonБиография","Gan'sSuiXingДжиng","Shi'sStarДжиng","WuxianFive-StarZodiac",""ZhouTi","StarБиография"..."isthefirstacademicworktosystematicallystudy"HanShuYiWenДжи".WangYinglinbelievedthatitwasinappropriateforthelieutenantpresidentofthe"Hanshu·ArtsandWenzhi"tobeincludedinthe"YinyangFamily",andhealsodeterminedthatHuangfuMiSuoyun's"YiyinTangye"isthe"Tang"of"Hanshu·ArtsandWenzhi"LiquidClassics.Anotherexample:"LaoZiДжиguiCannotRecordSuiДжи:ElevenVolumes,writtenbyYanZun.LieziexplainedWenyun:Zun,thewordJunPing,composesfourteenchaptersandexplainsfivethousandessays."YaoZhenzongofQingDynastyalsowrote"Han"SupplementstoCalligraphy,ArtandLiterature,sixvolumes,thirty-fourkindsofsupplements.

Влияние на следващите поколения

Историческо състояние

Thehistoriographyof"Hanshu"isdividedinto12chapters,mainlyrecordingthedeedsoftheWesternHanemperors;Table8,MainlyrecordsthedeedsofthecharactersintheHanDynasty;10chapters,dedicatedtothesystem,astronomy,geography,andvarioussocialphenomena;70chapters,mainlyrecordingthelivesofvariouscharactersandthehistoryofethnicminorities.

BanGu’s"HanShu"followsthestyleof"HistoricalRecords".Thedifferenceisthat"HistoricalRecords"has"aristocraticfamilies"but"HanShu"doesnot.","HanShu"wasrenamed"Джи".

"HistoricalRecords"runsthroughtheancientandmodern,notlimitedtodynasties,soitiscalledGeneralHistory."HanShu"chroniclesareallhistoricalfactsoftheWesternHanDynasty,soitiscalledthehistoryofdynasties.

ThehistoryofdynastiesbeganinBangu,andtheso-called"regularhistory"ofthelaterdynastiesallfollowedthegenreof"HanShu",asLiuДжиjisaid,"Sincethepresent,thereisnochange."Itcanbeseenthatitshistoricalstatusisveryimportant.

Thestatusof"HanShu"inthehistoryofChineseliteratureisalsoveryprominent.Itwritespeoplefromallwalksoflifeinthespiritof"factualrecords",whichisvividintheplain,andcanbecalledamodelofbiographicalliteratureforlatergenerations,suchas"HuoGuangZhuan","SuWuZhuan","WaiQiБиография","ZhuMaichenБиография"andsoon.Inaddition,"HanShu"alsorecordsthehistoryofethnicminorities."HanShu"inheritsthefinetraditionof"HistoricalRecords"asaspecialbiographyofethnicminorities,andusesnewhistoricalmaterialstoexpand"HistoricalRecordsDawanБиография"into"БиографияoftheWesternRegions",narratingthehistoryofdozensofregionsandneighboringcountriesintheWesternRegionstosupplement,AddedalargenumberofhistoricalfactsafterEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty.TheserecordsarepreciousmaterialsforstudyingthehistoryofrelevantcountriesinAsia.

Влияние на работата

Създайте стил на история на запознанства

Firstofall,"Hanshu"pioneeredahistorynarrativemethodofdatinghistory,thestyleisforlatergenerationsInheritance.SincetheQinandHandynasties,ithasbeenamonarch-basedgovernment.Thepeopleofthisdynastyoftendarenotdirectlycommentonthepoliticsofthedynasty,andtherearemanytaboos.Thehistoryofthedynastyconformstotheauthor’spsychology,becausethepreviousdynastyhasdied,andtherearefewerdoubtsaboutthepoliticalaffairsofthepreviousdynasty.Easiertoplay.Therefore,assoonasthe"HanShu"waspublished,theofficialhistoryofalldynastiesafterwardswasbasedonthedatingofdynasties.

ThereasonwhyBanGuisdatedtohistoryisnotaccidental,buttoadapttotherequirementsofthetimes.HesummarizedthehistoricalworksofEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyintheearlyyearsoftheEasternHanDynasty,aboutacenturyandahalf,andcreativelydevelopedthemwiththepurposeofservingthepoliticalserviceoftherulingclassatthattime.BanGubelievesthatthegeneralhistorystyleof"HistoricalRecords"putstheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty"attheendofahundredkings,sidebysidewiththeQinitems",whichisnotconducivetothepromotionof"Hanmorality",anditisdifficulttohighlightthehistoricalpositionoftheHanDynasty.Thisisthebasisforthe"HanShu"tobehistory.Therefore,the"BookofHan""includesonegeneration",startingfromtheestablishmentoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty,andfinallytheendofthenewdynasty,inordertohighlightLiuBang,"GaoDiДжи"wasplacedinthefirstchapter.Thisstyleofdatinghistorywaspraisedbylaterfeudalhistoriansandbecamethebasisforthecompilationofthe"AuthenticHistory"ofthepastdynasties.

Secondly,intermsofcompilationstyle,"HanShu"inheritedanddevelopedthecompilationformof"HistoricalRecords",makingДжиБиографияamorecompletecompilationstyle.TheБиографияiscenteredonbiographies.Althoughtheyareindependentofeachother,theyareconnectedtoeachother,sothewholebookcanbeintegratedintoawhole.Itcannotonlyenumeratetheoutlineofhistoricaldevelopment,butalsodescriberelatedhistoricaleventsindetail.Itisnotonlyeasytochecktheactivitiesofindividualcharacters,butalsotakesintoaccountthehistoricalevolutionofthecanonsystem.Itsadvantagesaresomanythatitcanbeusedbylaterhistorians.

Forexample,althoughthe"HistoricalRecords"establishedthe"LüHouBenji",itusedtheHuiEmperortorecordtheyears,andthe"HanShu"supplementedthe"HuiDiДжи"tosolvetheconfusioninthe"HistoricalRecords";Therecordsoftheyearandmontharealsomoredetailedandclearerthaninthe"HistoricalRecords".Regardingthelayoutofthebiography,the"HanShu"isbasicallychronologicallyordered,andthestyleismoreuniformthanthatofthe"HistoricalRecords"."HanShu"inheritedtheadvantagesofДжиChuanstyle,andsincethen,theofficialhistoryhasfollowedthestyleofДжиChuanstyle.

Furthermore,thefournewlycreated"Hanshu"recordsthepolitical,economicsystemandsocialcultureoftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynasty,whicharemorecompletethanthe"HistoricalRecords",thusimprovingthe"Hanshu"Thehistoricalvalueofthedata.

Разширяване на полето на историческите изследвания

Amongtheten"Джиs"of"HanShu","ShiHuoДжи"provideseconomicsystemandsocialproductionstatus.Abundanthistoricalmaterials;"GouXiaДжи"systematicallydescribestheconstructionofwaterconservancyintheQinandHanDynasties;"Geography"isChina'sfirstgeographyworkwithterritorialandpoliticalareasasthemainbody,andpioneeredthestudyofthehistoryofgeographyandthehistoryofgeographyinfuturegenerations;"LiYueДжи","ДжиaoSiДжи",and"CriminalLawHistory"recordpolitics,militaryaffairs,lawandrelatedordinances,respectively;"FiveElements","AstronomyHistory"and"LvLiДжи"areallresearchesofancientnaturalsciencesValuableinformation."Yiwenzhi"discussesthesourceandschoolofancientacademicthoughtanditsmeritsanddemerits.Itisanextremelyprecioushistoricalmaterialofancientculture.

Установяване на библиографския стил

Theten"Chronicles"arelargeinscaleandrichinrecords.Theyhavedetailedrecordsonpolitics,economy,ideologyandculture,especiallyThepartaboutSinicizationismoredetailed.Thecalligraphystylewasoriginallycreatedinthe"HistoricalRecords",andthe"Hanshu"wasdeveloped.Thefuturegenerationsoftheofficialhistoryofthebookaremostlybasedontheten"zhi"ofthe"Hanshu".Thecalligraphystylehasalsobecomeimitatedbythecompilationofthehistoryofthecanonsystemoflatergenerations,suchas"TongDian"byDuYouintheTangDynasty.

Създаване на библиография

In"Yiwenzhi",LiuXin's"SevenLue"isusedtodividetheancientacademicworksintosixmajorThethirty-eightsub-categoriesarediscussedtoenablepeopletohaveaclearerunderstandingoftheevolutionanddevelopmentofvariousacademicschools.Inaddition,itretainsthegeneralappearanceofthe"SevenLue",whichhasbecomeanimportantworkforpeopletostudytheevolutionofacademicdevelopmentfromancienttimestotheendoftheWesternHanDynasty.ItistheearliestsurvivingbookcatalogandacademicculturalhistoryinChina.

Запазване на важни исторически документи

Theexisting"Hanshu"isabout800,000characters,andthevolumeisricherthanthe"ShiДжи".Itaddedalotofimportantedicts,mainlyinthepartofEmperorДжи.Amongmanybiographies,"HanShu"alsocontainsalotofmemos,countermeasures,writingsandlettersrelatedtopolitics,economy,militaryandculture.IntheTenChroniclesofHanshu,therearealsosimilarimportanthistoricaldocumentsincluded,suchas"Shihuozhi"includedinChaoCuo's"OnGuisuShu"andsoon.

The"Hanshu"alsosupplementsthe"HistoricalRecords"onthehistoryofvariousnationalitiesathomeandabroad.Forexample,onthebasisof"HistoricalRecords:TheБиографияoftheXiongnu",the"BookofHan"addsalargenumberofhistoricalfactsafterEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,andmorecompletelydescribesthehistoryoftheHunsfromancienttimestotheendoftheWesternHanDynasty.The"HanShu"mergedtheNanyue,Dongyue,Korean,andSouthwesternBarbarianБиографияofthe"HistoricalRecords".Onthebasisofsupplementingalargenumberofhistoricalfacts,itwaswritteninamoredetailed"SouthwestBarbarianandGuangdongKoreanБиография"intheformofacombinedbiography.Atthesametime,"HanShu"changed"History·DawanБиография"to"WesternRegionsБиография",whichrecordsthehistoryofvariousethnicgroupsinXinjiangtoday,aswellasthehistoryofCentralandSouthwestAsiancountries.TheserecordsarepreciousmaterialsforstudyingthehistoryofrelevantcountriesinAsia.

Силна феодална ортодоксална мисъл

IntheeraofBanGu’slife,feudaltheologicalthoughthaddevelopedintotherulingthoughtatthattime,andBan’sfatherandsonwere"onlyHistorianswhohavedevotedthemselvestothesage’swaynaturallytakethemaintenanceoffeudaltheologyastheirresponsibility,andregardthesage’swayastheguidingideologyoftheirwritings.Inthisway,whileinheritingthecontentof"HistoricalRecords",theauthoraccusesitofbeing"quiteridiculoustothesaints",thustamperingwiththeviewpointsof"HistoricalRecords",makingthe"HanShu"moreinlinewithfeudalorthodoxy.

Fromtheperspectiveofideologicalcontent,"Hanshu"isnotasgoodas"HistoricalRecords".BanGuoncecriticizedSimaQianforbeing"ridiculousaboutrightandwrongthanasaint."Theso-called"sage"isConfucius.SimaQiandidnotcompletelyuseConfucianthoughtasthecriterionforjudgingrightandwrong,whichisworthyofrecognition,butBanGu'sknowledgeisnotasgoodasSimaQian's.ThischangefromSimaQiantoBanGureflectsthatConfucianismasafeudalorthodoxyintheEasternHanDynastyhasestablishedafirmfootholdinthefieldofhistory.

HanShudeifiedtheimperialpoweroftheHanDynastyandtheWesternHanDynastyandsupportedtheHanastheorthodoxthought.ItspurposewastodemonstratethelegitimacyoftheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynastyandtodeifytheimperialauthorityoftheHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty.Therefore,the"FiveVirtues"basedonthetheoryofYinandYangandtheFiveElementsandthedoctrineoffeudalgodsconferredbythegodofkingshipbecamethedominantideasofthe"HanShu".Inordertopromotethefeudaltheologicalthoughtsof"HeavenandHumanReception"anddisasterauspiciousness,the"BookofHan"firstcreatedthe"FiveElements",whichspecificallydescribedthemysticaldoctrineofthefiveelementsanddisasters.Deeds.

Версии

Therearemanyversionsof"HanShu",andmostofthepreviousversionsoftheTangDynastyhavebeenlost.

По време на дългия период Qian на династията Qing, "DianBen" е отпечатан в Wuying Hall, известен също като "Wuying Hall".

DuringtheTongzhiperiodoftheQingDynasty,theQinggovernmentalsopublishedthe"Juben".

„DianBen“ и „JuBen“, публикувани по време на династията Цин, са и двете по-добри версии на „HanShu“.

DuringtheRepublicofChina,the"BaiNunEdition"publishedbytheCommercialPresswasaphotocopyofthe"ДжиngyouEdition"oftheNorthernSongDynasty.Itcontainsfewerrorsandisararecopyofthe"HanShu".

In1962,thepunctuationprints(12volumesintotal)publishedbyZhonghuaBookCompanywereintensivelyeditedbyexpertsandscholars.

,Днешната ми книжка.

Древните бележки на YanShi "HanShu" е колекция от фенове.