Въведение в термините
TheAmericanIndustrialEngineeringStandardsVocabularyhasthefollowingdefinitions:"Processflowdiagramsareintheformofdiagramsandsymbolstoexpresstheworkdonebytheproductthroughsomeorallstagesoftheprocess."
Theinformationincludedinatypicalflowchartincludesquantity,movingdistance,typeofworkdone,andequipmentused.Itcanalsoincludeworkinghours."Inordertofacilitatethelistingoftheprocessflowchart,generallyuseTheinternationallyusedrecordinggraphicsymbolsrepresentvariousactivitiesandactionsintheactualproduction,andgraphicalsymbolsareusedtoindicatethemechanicalequipmentusedintheprocessandtheinterconnectedsystemdiagrams.
WiththecontinuousdevelopmentofcomputertechnologyWiththedevelopment,computer-aideddesignhasbeenwidelyusedinthechemicaldesignprocess.Inthechemicaldesignprocess,chemicalprocessflowchartdrawingisanimportantlink.
BecauseofthelargeworkloadofmanualdrawingofchemicalprocessflowchartAndtheefficiencyislow.AutoCADisusedtodrawthechemicalprocessflowchart.Eachequipmentandpipefittingsarecomposedoflines.Itiscumbersometoaccuratelylocateanddrawthegraphics.
Therefore,accordingtotheHG20519.*-92standardoftheMinistryofChemicalIndustryBasedontheAutoCADsecondarydevelopmentlanguage,themainstreamtechnologyanddevelopmentenvironmentaredevelopedwithCAD,andthechemicalprocessflowchartCADdrawingsoftwareisdevelopedundertheAutoCADenvironment.
Thesoftwarehasstandardmapframesandsoftwarethatcanbeselectedbyusers.Theframecanbeautomaticallylengthenedandmovedtotheleftaccordingtotheuser'sdrawingsituation.Thedrawingofchemicalequipment,pipelines,pipefittings,etc.adoptstheiconmenutodisplayintuitively,thesizeoftheequipmentisdisplayedbytheframeoftheequipment,userpositioning,softwareautomaticdrawing,pipelineautomaticorthogonality,andpipefittingautomaticpositioningdrawingIt’sveryconvenient.
Thesoftwareusesacombinationofpull-downmenus,toolbuttonsandiconmenucommandsfordrawing.Theoperationissimpleandintuitive.Itcanbeusedtodrawprocessflowchartsinthechemical,petroleum,environmentalprotectionandotherrelatedfields.Largerapplicationvalue.
Класификация
Диаграмите на процеса обикновено са както следва:
1.Theoverallprocessflowdiagramormaterialbalancediagramofthewholeplant,Inthechemicalplantdesign,thewholeplantflowchartisprovidedforthegeneraldescription.Foracomprehensivechemicalplant,itiscalledaplant-widematerialbalancediagram.Eachworkshop(worksection)onthediagramisillustratedbyathinsolidlinedrawnwithalongrectangle.Theprocessisshown.Thelineonlydrawsthemainmaterialsandisrepresentedbyathicksolidline.Theprocessdirectionisdrawnontheprocesslinewitharrows.Thefigurealsoindicatesthenameoftheworkshop,thenamesoftherawmaterials,semi-finishedproductsandfinishedproducts,balancedata,sources,anddestinationsofeachworkshop.
2.MaterialflowdiagramMBD(materialbalancediagram)isbasedontheoverallprocessflowdiagramofthewholeplant,whichexpressesthedrawingsoftheinternalprocessmaterialflowineachworkshop.MarkthegroupofeachmaterialontheprocessDistribution,flowandequipmentcharacteristicdata,etc..
3.ProcesspipelineandinstrumentflowchartPID(Piping&InstrumentDiagram)isaprocessflowdiagramwithmoredetailedcontentbasedonthematerialflowdiagram.Drawtherelevantsymbolsofcertainvalves,pipefittings,automaticcontrolinstruments,etc.configuredonthepipelinesandequipment.
Софтуер за рисуване
ThegeneraldrawingsoftwareoftheprocessflowchartisAutoCAD,butenterprisesanddesigninstitutesgenerallyusesoftwaredevelopedontheAutoCADplatform,suchas:domesticsoftware-PIDCADprocessFlowchartdesignsoftware,processdesignsoftware.
Thelatteristobuildadatabaseofcommonlyusedchemicalequipmentintheformofcomponents,whichcanbedirectlycalledbytheuser.
Преглед
Drawastandardprocessflowdiagram(includingchemicalpartsdrawingandchemicalequipmentdrawing)),thefirststepistoselecttheview,thepurposeoftheviewistoreflecttheactualThestructure,size,andinstallationdimensionsoftheobjectcanclearlyunderstandtheapproximatestructureoftheactualobject.Mostchemicalmachineryandequipmenthavethefeatureofrevolvingbody,sowhenselectingthemainview,theplanewherethemainaxisoftherevolvingbodyislocatedisdefaultedtothemainview.
Afterselectingthemainview,thesecondstepistoselectabasicview,whichismainlyusedasanauxiliary.Atthesametime,therearetwodefaultregulations:
①Whentheequipmentisaverticalequipment,selectthetopviewasthebasicviewoftheequipment;
②Whentheequipmentisahorizontalequipment,Theleftviewisusuallyusedasthebasicviewofthissetofequipment,andadjustmentscanalsobemadewhenspecialcircumstancesarise.
Afterdeterminingthemainviewoftheequipmentandabasicview,accordingtothecomplexityoftheequipmentandtheactualdrawingneeds,thedrawingofpartsandover-complexpartsismainlycompletedthroughauxiliaryviews.
Програма за рисуване
Програмата за чертане на диаграма на процеса е:
Първо изберете подчертежи, заглавна лента и т.н.; второ, начертайте основното оборудване; отново начертайте тръбопровода; след това добавете клапани, инструменти, тръбопроводни фитинги и т.н. и добавете информация за бележки; накрая проверете правилността на чертежа;