Обяснение на концепцията
Познанието включва усещане, възприятие, памет, мислене, въображение и език.
Specifically,theprocessofpeopleacquiringknowledgeorapplyingknowledgebeginswithfeelingandperception.Perceptionistheknowledgeoftheindividualattributesandcharacteristicsofthings,suchastheperceptionofcolor,lightness,tone,fragrance,thickness,hardness,etc.Perceptionistheunderstandingofthewholeofthingsandtheirconnectionsandrelationships,suchasseeingaredflag,hearinganoisyvoice,andtouchingasoftsweater.
Theknowledgeandexperiencethatpeopleobtainthroughperceptiondoesnotdisappearimmediatelyafterthestimulusstopsacting.Itremainsinpeople’smindsandcanbereproducedwhenneeded.Thispsychologicalprocessofaccumulatingandpreservingindividualexperienceiscalledmemory.
Peoplecannotonlydirectlyperceiveindividualandspecificthings,understandthesuperficialconnectionsandrelationshipsofthings,butalsousetheknowledgeandexperiencealreadyintheirmindstoindirectlyandgenerallyunderstandthings,exposingtheessenceandTheinternalconnectionsandlawsformtheconceptofthings,makereasoningandjudgment,andsolveallkindsofproblemsfacingthem.Thisisthinking.
Peoplecanalsouselanguagetocommunicatetheresultsoftheirownthinkingactivitiesandtheresultsofcognitionactivitieswithothers,andacceptotherpeople'sexperiences.Thisisalanguageactivity.
Peoplealsohaveimaginaryactivities,whicharecarriedoutbymeansofconcreteimagespreservedintheirminds.
Свързани научни изрази
Когнитивен процес
Alsoknownas"cognitiveprocess".(1)Traditionallyreferstotheprocessofcognition,whichreferstothepsychologicalprocessinwhichthehumanbrainreflectsthecharacteristicsandrelationshipsofobjectivethingsintheformofperception,memory,andthinking.(2)Piagetschooltermreferstotheprocessofassimilatingandadaptingstimulitobalancethroughtheoriginalcognitivestructure(schema).Thisistheviewofstructuralistcognitivepsychology.(3)Theterminologyofinformationprocessingcognitivepsychologyreferstotheprocessbywhichindividualsreceive,encode,store,extractanduseinformation.Itisusuallycomposedoffourcomponents:perceptionsystem(receivinginformation),memorysystem(informationencoding,storageandretrieval),controlsystem(supervisingexecutiondecision),andresponsesystem(controllinginformationoutput).
H.Simonbelievesthathumancognitionhasthreebasicprocesses:(1)Problemsolving.Useheuristics,means-purposeanalysis,andplanningprocessmethods.(2)Patternrecognitionability.Tobuildapatternofthings,peoplemustunderstandtherelationshipbetweenthevariouselements.Suchasequivalencerelationship,continuousrelationship,etc.Accordingtotherelationshipbetweentheelements,apatterncanbeformed.(3)Study.Learningisaboutobtaininginformationandstoringitforlateruse.Therearedifferentformsoflearning,suchasdiscriminationlearning,reading,comprehension,andexamplelearning.
Когнитивен стил
Когнитивен стилreferstotheinformationprocessingmethodthatanindividualpreferstouse,alsocalledcognitivemethod.Forexample:somepeopleliketodiscussissueswithothersandgetinspirationfromothers;othersliketothinkindependently.Thedifferencesinindividualcognitivestyleshaveacertaindegreeofstability,andcertaincognitivestylesexhibitedinchildhoodmayremaininadulthood.Therearemanywaysofcognitiveprocessing,themainonesare:fieldindependenceandfielddependence,impulseandcontemplation,simultaneityandcontinuity.
Познавателна способност
Познавателна способностreferstotheabilityofthehumanbraintoprocess,store,andextractinformation,thatis,whatwegenerallycallintelligence,suchasobservation,memory,andimagination.People'sunderstandingoftheobjectiveworldandtheacquisitionofvariouskindsofknowledgemainlydependontheircognitiveabilities.
Когнитивни стратегии
Когнитивни стратегииareplans,programs,techniques,ortricksthatguidecognitiveactivities.Theinformationprocessingcapacityofthehumanbrainislimited,anditisimpossibletoperformmultipleoperationsinaninstant.Inordertoprocessalargeamountofinformationsmoothly,peoplecanonlyselectspecificinformationtooperateateachmomentaccordingtoacertainstrategy,andtheentirecognitionAlargenumberofoperationsoftheprocessareorganized.Therefore,cognitivestrategiesareveryimportantfortheeffectiveconductofcognitiveactivities.