Определение
Cloudcomputingservicereferstotheunifiedmanagementandschedulingofalargenumberofnetwork-connectedcomputingresourcestoformacomputingresourcepooltoprovideuserswithon-demandservices.Userscanobtainrequiredresourcesandservicesthroughthenetworkinanon-demandandeasilyscalablemanner.
Главна функция
Therearemanyconceptsthatarenotveryclearaboutcloudservices,andwewillfocusonthemhere.Intoday'ssociety,weusecomputerstoprocessdocuments,storedata,andshareinformationwithothersviae-mailorUSBflashdrives.Ifthecomputerharddrivefails,wewillbeatalossbecauseofthelossofdata.Intheeraof"cloudcomputing","cloud"willdostorageandcomputingworkforus.Atthattime,weonlyneedamobilephonewithInternetaccess.Onceneeded,wecanquicklyfindtheinformationweneedandprocessthemwiththemobilephoneatanyplace.Wenolongerhavetoworryaboutdataloss.
Someonemadeasimpledescription:itissmartenoughtopredictyourneedsinrealtimebasedonyourlocation,time,preferencesandotherinformation.Inthisbrand-newmodel,thesearchforinformationwillbedoneforyouinsteadofyou.Nomatterwhatdeviceyouuse,nomatterwhatkindofon-demandserviceyouneed,youwillgetaconsistentandcoherentultimateexperience.
Основно въздействие
Бизнес модел
ThebusinessmodelofcloudservicesistoprovideawealthofpersonalizedproductsbybreedingalargenumberofstartupcompaniestomeetthegrowingmarketIndividualneeds.Themethodofreproductionistoprovidestart-upcompanieswithacompletesetofservicessuchascapital,promotion,payment,logistics,andcustomerservice,andusetheirownoperatingcapabilitieslikewaterandelectricityforexternaluseondemand.
Внасяне на промени
Amajorchangebroughtaboutbycloudservicesistheshiftfrombeingequipment-centrictoinformation-centric.Equipmentincludingapplicationsarejustpassingby(whoelsecanreadfloppydisksnow?),andinformationandpeople’sinvestmentininformationareassetsthatmustberetainedforalongtime(manypeoplechangetwophonesayear,Andoneofthemajorlossescausedbythelossofamobilephoneisthatthereisnobackupoftheaddressbook,photos,filesandotherinformation).Therefore,nomatterhownovelorevenexpensivefront-endhardwaredevicesasmentionedaboveare,theywillbecomeobsolete,andsomewillbecomeobsoleteanddepreciatequickly!Whatisnoteasilyobsoleteonthecloud?information!Notonlyisitoutofdate,alotofinformationmustbepreservedforalongtime,andthelongeritis,themorevaluableitbecomes.
Предпоставка за раждане
Thebirthpremiseofcloudservicesis:theInternetbreaksgeographicaldivisiontoformaunifiedbigmarket,anditbecomesprofitabletoprovideproductsforindividualneeds.Theobjectiveeffectis:tominimizethecostofentrepreneurship,entrepreneursonlyfocusonthecorelinkssuchascreativity,operationandmanagementwillnolongerbeimportant.Smallcompaniesbegantochallengelargecompaniesandsubverttheindustrialcivilizationof"scalewins".Oursocietyandculturewillbemoreindependentandfree.
Предишно състояние
Traditionalbusinessapplicationsarenotonlytoocomplex,butalsoexpensive.Thevarioussoftwareandhardwarerequiredfornormaloperationarealsostaggeringinquantityanddiverseinvariety.Youneedacompleteteamofexpertstoberesponsibleforinstallation,configuration,testing,operation,protectionandupdates.
Ifyouaredealingwithdozensorhundredsofapplications,theeffortrequiredwillincreaseexponentially,andthenyouwillunderstandwhyalarge-scalecompany,evenwiththebestThereasonwhytheITdepartmentisstillunabletoobtaintherequiredapplications.Thehopesofsmallandmedium-sizedcompaniesareevenslimmer.
Методи на обслужване
Cloudserviceprovidersbuildallnetworkinfrastructureandsoftwareandhardwareoperationplatformsneededforinformatizationforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,andareresponsibleforallearlyimplementationandlaterForaseriesofservicessuchasmaintenance,companiesdonotneedtopurchasesoftwareandhardware,buildcomputerrooms,andrecruitITpersonnel.Theyonlyneedtopayaone-timeprojectimplementationfeeandregularsoftwarerentalservicefeesinadvancetoenjoytheinformationsystemthroughtheInternet.
Serviceproviderscanensurethesecurityandconfidentialityofeachcompany’sdatathrougheffectivetechnicalmeasures.Theeffectofthecloudservicemodeladoptedbytheenterpriseisbasicallythesameasthatoftheself-builtinformationsystemoftheenterprise,butitsavesalotofmoneyforpurchasingITproducts,technologyandmaintenanceandoperation,anditcanbeusedlikewaterwithatap,anditisconvenienttouseinformatization.System,therebygreatlyreducingthethresholdandriskofinformatizationofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.
Технически аспекти
EnterprisesnolongerneedtobeequippedwithITprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnel,andatthesametime,theycangetthelatesttechnologyapplicationstomeettheirneedsforinformationmanagement.
Интермсофинвестмънт
Enterprisesonlyinvestinarelativelylow"monthlyfee",withoutaone-timeinvestment,anddonotoccupytoomuchworkingcapital,thusalleviatingthepressureofinsufficientfunds;Noneedtoconsidertheproblemofcostdepreciation,andcangetthelatesthardwareplatformandthebestsolutionintime.
Условия за поддръжка и управление
Becausetheenterpriseadoptsthemethodofrentingforlogisticsbusinessmanagement,itdoesnotneedspecializedmaintenanceandmanagementpersonnel,nordoesitneedtopayadditionalcostsformaintenanceandmanagementpersonnel.Toalargeextent,itrelievesthepressureonthehumanandfinancialresourcesoftheenterprise,sothatitcanconcentratethefundsforeffectiveoperationofthecorebusiness.
Функции на услугата
AccordingtothedefinitionoftheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,cloudcomputingservicesshouldhavethefollowingfeatures:
Самообслужване по заявка.
Използвайте всяко мрежово устройство за достъп по всяко време и навсякъде.
Множество хора споделят пула от ресурси.
Гъвкавост на бързото пренасочване.
Услуги, които могат да бъдат наблюдавани и измервани.
Itisgenerallybelievedthattherearealsothefollowingcharacteristics:
Basedonvirtualizationtechnology,rapiddeploymentofresourcesoraccesstoservices.
Намалете натоварването на обработката върху потребителския терминал.
Намалете зависимостта на потребителя от IT експертизата.
Сервизна форма
Облачните компютри могат да се считат за включващи следните нива на услуги: услуги на ниво инфраструктура (IaaS), услуги на ниво платформа (PaaS) и услуги на ниво софтуер (SaaS). Така нареченото ниво тук е "нивото" в смисъл на йерархична системна архитектура. IaaS, PaaS и SaaS се внедряват на инфраструктурния слой, софтуерно отворен софтуерен софтуер, работещ под формата на приложение.
IaaS
IaaS(Infrastructure-as-a-Service):Infrastructureasaservice,consumerscanuseInternetObtainservicesfromacomprehensivecomputerinfrastructure.IaaSisabusinessmodelthatallocateshardwareresourcessuchasdatacentersandinfrastructuretousersthroughtheWeb.
PaaS
PaaS(Platform-as-a-Service):Platform-as-a-Service.PaaSactuallyreferstothesoftwaredevelopmentplatformasaservice,whichispresentedtousersinthemodeofSaaS.Therefore,PaaSisalsoanapplicationoftheSaaSmodel.However,theemergenceofPaaScanacceleratethedevelopmentofSaaS,especiallythedevelopmentofSaaSapplications.PaaSservicesenablesoftwaredeveloperstodevelopnewapplicationswithoutpurchasingaserverandotherequipmentenvironments.
SaaS
SaaS(Software-as-a-Service):Softwareasaservice.ItisamodeofprovidingsoftwarethroughtheInternet,usersdonotneedtobuysoftware,butrentthesoftwarebasedonWebfromtheprovidertomanagethebusinessactivitiesoftheenterprise.
TheSaaSmodelgreatlyreducesthecostofsoftware,especiallylarge-scalesoftware,andbecausethesoftwareishostedontheserveroftheserviceprovider,itreducesthecustomer’smanagementandmaintenancecostsandhashigherreliability.
Аутсорсингът има значение
Withtherapiddevelopmentofcloudtechnology,moreandmorecompaniestransferdatatothecloud,butthecloudserviceoutsourcingbusinessisnotasitseemsonthesurfaceSimple,evenifanenterpriseoutsourcescloudservicestoacloudserviceprovider,itisimpossibleto"getitrightonceandforall."Infact,herearesomeofthethingssummarized.
Проблеми с управлението:
управление на работата на продукта;
Prevention&propermaintenance;
Управление на непрекъснатостта на услугите;
Управление на лицензи;
Услуги за разработка на приложения.
Условия за избор
Threemajorconditionsforselectingcloudcomputingservices
Cloud-baseddatacentershavemultipleadvantagesandaregraduallybecomingenterpriseapplicationsAsageneraltrend,companieschoosingtoadoptacloud-baseddatacentershouldconsiderwhethertheserviceprovidermeetsthefollowingthreekeypoints.
Firstofall,cloud-baseddatacenterserviceprovidersmusthaveanexcellentcloudbackbonenetworktoensuresmoothandsafedatatransmission.Forexample,thefirst-linegroupcannotonlyprovideMPLSdedicatedlinenetworkservices,butalsoprovidecloud-baseddatacenterservicesatthesametime.Formanycross-regionalenterprises,inadditiontotheneedfordataservices,theyalsoneedtosolvetheproblemofcommunicatingwithbranchofficesaroundtheworld.Therefore,stablenetworkqualitymustbeakeyconsideration.
Secondly,whetherthecloudarchitecturedatacenterisflexibleenough,andwhetheruserscanchoosetodeploydifferentcloudresourcesatanytimetomeettheirownneeds.Takingthefinancialindustryasanexample,thedailystockmarkettradinghoursarethebusiest,andclouddatacenterssometimesneedtoimprovetheirperformanceinashortperiodoftimetomeetvariousunexpectedneeds.
Finally,thequestioniswhethertheserviceproviderprovidessimpleandeasy-to-usesoftwaresothatcorporatepersonnelcanstayintheofficeandcontrolalltheoperationsofthedatacenterbythemselves,justlikemanagingaphysicaldatacenter.
Мрежови изисквания
Enterprisesshouldbeabletoprotectspecificnetworksegmentsindifferentwaystomeettherequirementsofdataflowingthroughthenetwork.
Enterprisesshouldbeabletoprovidenetworkpriorityforspecificapplicationsanddatapassingthroughthenetwork.
Enterprisesshouldhaveapplication-awarenetworks.Privateclouds,publicclouds,andtraditionalsystemsusethenetworkindifferentways,dependingontheapplication,data,anduserinterface,howtheyinteractwitheachotherandhowtheyinteractwithcloudservers.
Реализация на услугата
Designinganend-to-endsecuritymeasureforcloudcomputingimplementationcanstartwiththedevelopmentofasecurestrategicplan.Theresultofthisstrategicplanistoformtheadministrativeandmanagementcontrolmeasuresneededtoprotecttheorganizationfinanciallyandlegally.
Theprotectionofcloudcomputinginfrastructurecanbeginbyprovidinggovernance,policiesand/orrules,policyenforcement,andcontrolmeasurestoensurehowinformationisprotected.Therearemanywaystodesignanddeliversuchastrategicplan.
Theprotectionofcloudcomputingcanstartwiththeestablishmentofmanagementcontrolmeasures:businessmodelandstrategy.Onceverified,thepurposeofthesecontrolmeasuresistoformmanagementcontrolmeasures:policies,procedures,standardsandguidelines.Thesecontrolmeasureswillformadevelopmentroadmapandtacticsforselectingandimplementingtechnicalcontrolmeasures,including:securitycontrolmeasuresandcompliancewithbusinessstrategies.Thisisamodelthatpromotesend-to-endsecurityforcloudcomputingprovidersandcustomers.
Състояние на развитие
CloudcomputingservicescontinuetooccupytheITarena,makingtraditionalITgraduallyloseitsoriginalrelevance.Inordertokeepupwiththedevelopmentofcloudcomputingservicesandenableenterprisestomaintainstrongercompetitiveness,alargenumberofenterpriseshavebeguntotransformintothecloud.HerearefivetipstohelpcompaniessuccessfullytransformfromtraditionalITtoaprocess-drivenorganization.
Asmoreandmorecompaniesadoptcloudcomputingservices,andmoreandmoreservicevendorsestablishcloserelationships,somereliablecloudcomputingservicesinthepastcannolongermeettheirneeds.Theoldmodelwhodecidestousetheas-a-serviceproductlacksclearownership,sothatitisdifficulttocrossthetraditionalITtowerstructure.
Cloudcomputingserviceteamsneedtounderstandrelatedprocesses,nottechnology,suchasinfrastructureorapplications.Inprocess-drivenITorganizations,people’smainfocusisonbehaviorsthathavelong-termbenefitstotheorganization,Andclarifyjobresponsibilitiesandimproveefficiency.
Сервизен надзор
1.Monitorwebandworkloadperformance.Thefirststepinensuringtheperformanceofaprivatecloudiscompliancewithstandards,whichrequiresconstantmonitoring.Fortunately,therearesomegridandapplicationperformancemonitoring(APM)toolsthatcanhelpwiththistime-consumingtask.
2.Controlworkloadspreadandresourceusage.Cloudsprawlorexcessiveprovisionofcloudserviceswillexhaustresourcesandcausehugeperformanceproblems—especiallyinthelongrun.
3.Designthecloudnetworkforflexibility,andbereadytoreturnatanytime.Aswitheverythingelse,asolidfoundationandplancanensurefuturesuccess.Whendesigningyourprivatecloudnetwork,makesureitispreparedtofacetheinevitablefailuresanddisasters.Redundancyisthekeytothisdesign.
4.Qualifiedcandidatepubliccloudvendors.Inresearchingpotentialcloudproviders,theworkofcloudadministratorshasneverstopped.Companiesshouldcontinuetoevaluatethecompatibilityofnewandexistingcloudvendorswiththeapplicationsintheirworkloads,justtopreventthingsfromhappeningandtopreventvendorreplacement.