Генератор
Firstofall,theconceptofgeneratorset:Генераторreferstopowergenerationequipmentthatcanconvertmechanicalenergyorotherrenewableenergyintoelectricalenergy.
Generally,ourcommongeneratorsetsareusuallydrivenbythefollowing:steamturbine,waterturbineorinternalcombustionengine(gasolineengine,dieselengineandothergenerators),windenergy,solarenergy,biomassenergy,oceanenergy,etc.Themarketfordieselgeneratorsisthelargest,mainlyduetothelargecapacityofdieselgenerators,whichcanoperateinparallelandhavealongcontinuouspowersupplytime,andcanalsooperateindependently.Itdoesnotoperateinparallelwiththeregionalgridandisnotaffectedbygridfailures.ReliabilityHigher.Especiallywhenthecommonlyusedcommercialpowerinsomeareasisnotveryreliable,usingdieselgeneratorsasabackuppowersourcecannotonlyserveasanemergencypowersource,butalsothroughreasonableoptimizationofthelow-voltagesystem,someofthemoreimportantloadsatordinarytimescanbecutoff.Whenused.Therefore,itiswidelyusedinengineering.
Класификация
Therearemanyformsofgenerators,buttheirworkingprinciplesarebasedonthelawofelectromagneticinductionandthelawofelectromagneticforce.Therefore,thegeneralprincipleofitsconstructionis:useappropriatemagneticandconductivematerialstoformmagneticcircuitsandcircuitsthatconductelectromagneticinductionwitheachothertogenerateelectromagneticpowerandachievethepurposeofenergyconversion.
Theclassificationofgeneratorscanbesummarizedasfollows:
GeneratorDCgenerator,ACgeneratorsynchronousgenerator,asynchronousgenerator(rarelyused)
Alternatorcanalsobedividedintosingle-phasegeneratorandthree-phasegenerator.
Структура
Generatorsareusuallycomposedofstators,rotors,endcoversandbearings.
Thestatoriscomposedofastatorcore,wire-wrappedwindings,abaseandotherstructuralpartsthatfixtheseparts.Thefunctionofthestatoristogeneratealternatingcurrent.
Роторът се състои от сърцевина на ротора (или магнитен полюс, магнитен хомут) намотка, предпазен пръстен, центрираща пружина, вентилатор и въртящ се вал. Функцията на ротора е да генерира магнитно поле.
Theprincipleisthatthestatorandtherotorofthegeneratorareconnectedandassembledbythebearingandtheendcover,sothattherotorcanrotateinthestatorandcutthemovementofthemagneticlinesofforce,therebygeneratinganinducedelectricpotential,whichisledoutthroughtheterminalandconnectedtotheIntheloop,acurrentisgenerated.
Принцип
Usingtheprincipleofelectromagneticinductioninwhichtheelectricpotentialisinducedbythecuttingofmagneticlinesofforce,themechanicalenergyoftheprimemoverisconvertedintoelectricalenergyoutput.Thesynchronousgeneratoriscomposedoftwoparts:astatorandarotor.Thestatoristhearmaturethatgenerateselectricity,andtherotoristhemagneticpole.Thestatoriscomposedofanarmatureironcore,athree-phasewindinguniformlydischarged,abaseandanendcover,etc.Therotorisusuallyahiddenpoletype,consistingofanexcitationwinding,anironcoreandashaft,aguardring,andacenterring.Theexcitationwindingoftherotorisenergizedwithadirectcurrenttoproduceanearlysinusoidaldistributedmagneticfield(calledtherotormagneticfield),anditseffectiveexcitationmagneticfluxintersectswiththestationaryarmaturewinding.Whentherotorrotates,themagneticfieldoftherotorrotatesatthesametime,witheachrevolution,themagneticlinesofforcesequentiallycuteachphasewindingofthestator,andathree-phaseACelectricpotentialisinducedinthethree-phasestatorwinding.Whenthegeneratorisrunningwithasymmetricalload,thethree-phasearmaturecurrentiscombinedtoproducearotatingmagneticfieldwithasynchronousspeed.Theinteractionbetweenthestatormagneticfieldandtherotormagneticfieldproducesabrakingtorque.Fromthesteamturbine/waterturbine/gasturbine,theinputmechanicaltorqueovercomesthebrakingtorquetoperformwork.
Инсталация
Tostartthedieselgeneratorsetwithelectricity,thestepsare:checkwhethertheelectricshockcontactofthestartermotorandelectromagneticoperatingmechanismisgood.Checkwhetherthepowercordiscorrect.Checkwhetherthereisdirtoroxidationonthebatteryterminal,whichshouldbepolishedclean.Firstcheckwhethertheelectro-hydraulicproportionofthestartingbatteryiswithintherangeof1.240~1.280.Iftheproportionislessthan1.180,itindicatesthatthebatteryisinsufficient.
Theinstallationandinspectionstepsofthealternatorareasfollows:
Wheninstallingthegenerator,ensurethatthecoolingairinletisunobstructed,andavoidtheexhaustedhotairfromenteringthegeneratoragain.Ifthereareshuttersontheventilationcover,thewindowshouldfacedowntomeettherequirementsoftheprotectionlevel.Forthemechanicalcouplingofsingle-bearinggenerators,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheuniformairgapbetweenthestatorandrotor.
TheACgeneratoriscoupledwiththedieselgenerator,andtheparallelismandconcentricityofthecouplingarerequiredtobelessthan0.05mm.Inactualuse,therequirementcanbeslightlylower,about0.1mmorless,toolargereturnaffectsthenormaloperationofthebearing,resultingindamage,andthecouplingshouldbefixedwithpositioningpins.Thecouplingconditionshouldberetestedbeforeinstallation.
ThereareU,V,W,Nmarksontheterminalofthegeneratoroutletbox,whichdoesnotmeanthattheactualphasesequencedependsonthedirectionofrotation.UVWisprintedonthecertificatetoindicatetheactualphasesequencewhenrotatingclockwise,andVUWistheactualphasesequencewhenrotatingcounterclockwise.
Whentheslidingbearinggeneratoriscoupled,theheightofthecenterofthegeneratorshouldbeadjustedslightlytothecenterofyourdieselengine,sothattheweightoftheflywheelonthedieselenginewillnotbetransferredtothegeneratorbearing,otherwiseitwillgenerateelectricityThebearingofthemachinewillbeartheweightoftheflywheel,whichisnotconducivetotheformationoftheoilfilmoftheslidingbearing,resultinginheatgenerationandevenburningofthebearing.Noheavyobjectscanbecarriedonthecouplingofthistypeofgenerator.
Iftheneutralpointofeachgeneratorinthepowersupplysystemisconnectedtoeachother,ortheneutralpointofthegeneratorisconnectedtotheneutralpointofthetransformeranditsload,theneutrallinewillgooutwhentheunitisrunningNeutralcurrentat3timesthefrequency.Therefore,theneutralcurrentofthegeneratormustbemeasuredundervariousloadconditionsthatmayoccurduringoperation.Inordertopreventthegeneratorfromoverheating,theneutralcurrentmustnotexceed50%ofthegenerator'sratedcurrent.Theneutrallinepoweristoolarge,andaneutrallinereactorshouldbeinstalledontheneutrallinetolimitit.
Accordingtotheschematicdiagramorwiringdiagram,selecttheappropriatepowercableandusecopperconnectorsforwiring.Afterthecopperconnectorandthebusbararetightened,thelocalgapatthejointshouldnotbegreaterthan0.05mm,Thedistancebetweenthewiresisnotmorethan10mm,andthenecessarygroundingwiremustbeinstalled.
Спецификации за употреба
(1)Thegroundpolarityofthebatterymustbethesameasthatofthealternator.Theconsequenceofnotfollowingthespecificationisthatthediodewillbedamagedduetothelargecurrentdischargeofthediode.
(2)Whenthesixdiodesoftherectifiertubeareconnectedtothestatorwinding,itisabsolutelyforbiddentouseameggeror220VACpowersupplytochecktheinsulationofthealternator.Otherwise,itiseasytocausethediodetobreakdownandbedamaged.
(3)Aftertheengineisturnedoff,theignitionswitchshouldbeturnedoff.Iftheflameisnotturnedoffintime,thebatterywillcontinuetodischarge,whichwillaffectthemagneticfieldandshortenthebatterylife.
(4)Whenthealternatorisrunning,thefiretestmethodcannotbeusedtocheckwhetheritisgeneratingelectricity.Otherwise,itiseasytodamagethediodeandelectroniccomponents.
(5)Thegroundformoftheregulatorandthealternatormustbethesame,otherwisethealternatorwillnotbeabletooutputvoltageduetonomagneticfieldcurrent.Andthevoltagelevelofthetwoshouldbethesame,otherwisethechargingsystemcannotworknormally.
(6)Itisfoundthatthealternatorisnotgeneratingelectricityorthechargingcurrentissmall,andthefaultshouldbeeliminatedintime,andthewireconnectionbetweenthealternatorandthebatteryshouldbefirm.Otherwise,itiseasytodamagethediodeandelectroniccomponents.
(7)Whenthealternatorisinstalledontheengine,thecenterofthepulleygrooveofthealternatorshouldbealignedwiththecenterofthepulleygrooveoftheengine,andtheappropriateV-belttightnessshouldalsobeset.
(8) Когато монтирате V-ремъка, повдигнете силно предния край на алтернатора. В противен случай компонентите ще се повредят под налягане.
Операция
стъпка
1.Подготовки
Disconnectthehigh-voltageswitchinthepowerdistributionroom,andturnontheisolatingswitchtogenerateelectricityLocation.
1.Turntheisolatingswitchofthegeneratorroomtothepowergenerationposition.
2.Checkthecoolingwater,lubricatingoil,andfuelstorageconditionsofthegenerator,andreplenishitintimeifanyshortageisfound.
3.Checkwhethertheconnectingparts,fastenersandoperatingpartsareloose,fallingoffandstuck.Whethertheconnectionofeachwireisfirm,correctandingoodcontact.
4.Openthecontrolcabinetunderthegeneratoroperationscreen,closethestartswitch,andwaitforthedisplaytobepowered.Pressthepageupanddownkeystoviewtherelatedoperationrecordsofthegenerator,andifanyabnormalsituationisfound,dealwithitimmediatelyandgetreadyforpowergeneration.
Второ, стартиране
1.Pressthestartbuttontostartthegenerator,andpayattentiontowhetherthereismechanicalnoise,abnormalvibration,etc.atthesametime.
2.Duringoperation,theoperatorcloselymonitorsthevoltage,frequency,current,powerfactor,oiltemperature,oilpressure,watertemperature,chargingcurrent,speedandotherinstrumentindicationsandchangesofthegeneratorsetthroughtheinstrument.Whenthespecifiedvalueisexceeded,checkandtakemeasuresintime,andthencontinuetorunafterreturningtonormal.
3.Theemergencystopbuttononthecontrolpanelisonlyusedinemergencysituations.Afterpressingthebutton,thegeneratorwillstopimmediately,andanaudibleandvisualalarmwillbeissuedatthesametime.
4.Afterthegeneratorisrunningnormally,turnonthemainswitchofthegeneratorset(low-voltageairswitch),andthegeneratorwillsupplypowertotheelectricload.
3.Спиране
1.Afterthemainspowerisnormal,graduallycutofftheloadanddisconnectthemainswitchofthegeneratorset(low-voltageairswitch).
2.Underno-loadconditions,graduallyreducethespeedtoidlespeed,andstoptheengineagainwhenthewaterandoiltemperatureofthedieselenginedropsbelow70°C.
3.Disconnectthestart-upcontrolpowersupply,andswitchtheisolationswitchtothemainspositionaccordingtotheoperatingsequence.
Метод
Ръчна операция
(1) Проверете работата преди зареждане:
1. Включете захранването.
2. Проверете дали следните елементи са нормални:
(1)Ниво на водата в резервоара
(2) Ниво на двигателно масло и дизелово гориво
(3) Напрежение на батерията
(4)Ниво на водата в батерията
3.Checkthecontrolpanel,switchthemainswitchtothestopposition,closethedetectionswitch,andwhenthedisplayisnormal,turnonthedetectionswitch,Eachmetershoulddisplayzero,andtheindicatorlightshowsshutdown.
(2)Стартиране
1.Switchthemainswitchtothemanualstartposition,thegeneratorshouldstartimmediately,andtheindicatorlightshowsnormal.
2.Observevariousinstrumentsonthecontrolpanel,andtheyshouldoperatenormally.
3.Ако трябва да работите с товар, затворете превключвателя за изходи на захранването.
(3) Изключване
1.Firstcutofftheback-endloadandthenturnoffthepoweroutputswitch.
2.След пет минути работа на празен ход превключете главния превключвател на позиция стоп.
3.Aftercheckingthateverythingisnormal,switchthemainswitchtotheautomaticstartposition,andclosethepoweroutputswitch.
Автоматична работа
(1)Pleaserefertomanualoperationforinspectionworkbeforestarting,butafterinspection,switchthegeneratortoautomaticstartstateandcloseitPoweroutputswitch.
(2)Стартиране:cutoffthepowersupplyofTaipowerandobservewhetheritstartsautomatically.
(3) Изключване:TurnonthepowersupplyofTaipowerandobservewhetheritautomaticallyswitchesthepowersupplyandautomaticallyshutsdown.
Трето, аварийно изключване
(1)Intheeventofanemergency,whenthegenerator'sownprotectiondevicerefusestostart,emergencyshutdownshouldbeperformedandthemainswitchshouldbeswitchedtotheoffposition.
(2)Aftertheemergencyshutdown,performacomprehensiveinspectionofthegeneratorimmediatelyandresumenormaloperationassoonaspossible.
Забележка:
1.No-loadoperationofthegeneratorshallnotexceedfifteenminutes.
2. След като генераторът започне да работи, проверете нивото на водата, нивото на маслото, нивото на дизеловото гориво, напрежението на батерията и течността на батерията на генератора, за да поддържате нормално състояние.
3.Anoperationrecordshallbemadeforeachdetectionorautomaticstart-upoperation.
Поддръжка
Нормална поддръжка
No-loadtestmachineonceaweek,runningtime10-15minutes,inordertofindtheproblemintimeandensurethatthebatteryhassufficientcapacityForthegeneratortostart.
1.Beforemaintenance,theautomaticairswitchofthegeneratorshouldbecutoff,themainswitchshouldbeplacedinthestopposition,andthepositiveandnegativepowercordsofthebatteryshouldbefoldofftoconfirmthatthegeneratorcannotbestarted.
2.Checkthebatteryelectrolytelevel,ifitisinsufficient,addsulfuricacidsolutionordistilledwateraccordingtoitsconcentration.
3.Calculatethecumulativeoperatingtimeofthegeneratorsincethelasttimeitwasraised.Theairfiltershouldbecleanedevery50hours,andtheoilfilter,dieselfilter,andwaterfiltershouldbereplacedevery250hours.Filterelement.
4.Checkwhethertheunitisleakingwateroroil,andcleanthegeneratorbody.
5.Connectthebatterypowercordandconnectorsproperly,andthetestfailureindicatorlightsshouldallbeon.
6. Проверете дали заземителният проводник е добър.
7.Checktheoperatingconditionoftheexhaustfanintheengineroom,andwhetherthedieseloilissufficienttorunforeighthours.
8.Checkwhetherthecoldwaterlevelandengineoillevelarenormal.
9.Afterthemanualtestmachinerunsnormally,turnontheautomaticairswitchofthegenerator,andswitchthemainswitchtotheautomaticstartposition,performasimulatedpowerfailuretest,andobservetheautomaticstartofthegenerator.
10.Runthegeneratorwithloadforonehour,andobservewhethertheinstrumentindicatorsandtheunitareoperatingnormally.
11. Попълване на записи за експлоатация и поддръжка.·
Техническа поддръжка
Dieselgeneratorsetscanbedividedintotwotypesaccordingtotheirusageconditions:oneisbasedonmainspower,andtheotherisbasedonpowergeneration.Themachineisthemainpowersupplydevice.Thereisabigdifferenceintheusagetimeofthegeneratorsinthetwocases.Themaintenanceofdieselgeneratorsisgenerallydeterminedbytheaccumulatedhoursofstartingup.Thefirstpowersupplymethodmentionedaboveonlytestsforafewhourspermonth,suchasaccumulatedtotwoorthreetechnologies.Техническа поддръжкаaftermaintenancehoursistoolong.Therefore,itshouldbeflexiblygraspedaccordingtothespecificsituationandtimelytechnicalmaintenancecaneliminatetheundesirablephenomenaofthemachineassoonaspossible,ensurethattheunitisingoodcondition,andextendtheservicelifeofthemachine.Therefore,inordertomakethedieselengineworknormallyandreliably,thetechnicalmaintenancesystemofthedieselenginemustbeimplemented.Thetechnicalmaintenancecategoriesaredividedinto:
Първо, инспекцията на първо ниво на поддръжка (ежедневно или седмично)
2. Инспекция на поддръжка на ниво 2 (на всеки 250 часа или един месец)
Level3maintenanceinspection(every1500hoursorhalfayear)
Забележка:1.Level3maintenance","Mediumrepairandmaintenance"and"overhaulandmaintenance"shouldbecompletedbyaprofessionaldieselgeneratormaintenancecompany.
2.Thestandbygeneratorshouldbeturnedonandrunforabout10minutesonaregularbasistoevaporatethemoistureinthedieselenginebodytopreventmoisture.,Anti-corrosion,etc..
(1), инспекция за поддръжка на първо ниво
Проверете нивото на маслото
Usethedieselengineoildipsticktochecktheoillevel.InordertogetaccurateTheoillevelshouldbeshutdownfor15minutesandcheckwhentheoilreturnstotheoilpan.Theoillevelshouldbematchedwiththeoriginaloilpan.Keeptheoillevelasclosetothehigh"H"markaspossible.
Warning:Neveroperatethedieselenginewhentheoilmarkislowerthanthelowmark"L"orhigherthanthehighmark"H"(ifnecessary,addengineoilofthesamequalityandgradeinthedieselengine).
Проверете охладителната система
Keepthecoolingliquidfilleduptotheworkingsurface,checkthecoolingliquidleveleverydayoreverytimebeforestartingthemachine,analyzethereasonofthecoolingliquidconsumption,andcheckthecoolingliquidlevel,onlyafterthecoolingsystemiscooled.
Проверете връзката на всмукателната тръба
Проверете връзката на всмукателната тръба,whethertheclampisloose,whetherthehoseiscracked,perforatedorworn,whetherthereisahosebreakorForotherdamages,tightentheclamporreplacepartsasneededtoensurethattheairintakesystemiswellsealedandthatallairpassesthroughtheairfilter.
Визуална инспекция
CheckifthereisoutsideairLeakage,leakageofcoolantoroil.Tightenthescrewconnections,joints,etc.orreplacethegasketasneeded.Checktheoildipstickforeachfuelingpipecovertoseeifitistightlytightened.
Checkforddamage
Checkthefuelsystem,etc.,includingtheerrorinvestigationorbumpsofthefuelpump,andcheckallconnectionsforleakageordamage.
Проверете задвижващия ремък
Inspectwhetherthefan,waterpump,chargerbeltisdamagedorloose.Ifthebuckleisdamaged,replaceitwithanewone.Andadjustthetightness.Ifnecessary,askaprofessionaltechniciantoadjust.
Отбелязани въпроси по време на поддръжка
1.Налягането на смазочното масло е ниско.
2.Недостатъчна мощност.
3.Температурата на охлаждащото масло е твърде висока.
4. Прекомерна консумация на охлаждаща течност, масло и гориво.
5. Звукът на двигателя е необичаен, цветът на дима е необичаен и тръбата за изпускане на дим е среден.
Бележки при използване на фалшиво зареждане
1. Процесът на зареждане е 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%.
2. Преразгледайте реално използваната мощност.
3.Изпълни един час пълно зареждане.
4.Observetheoutputparametersofthedieselengineatalltimesduringtheloadingprocess.